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Lecture 7 PRT2009

The document discusses innovation and challenges in Malaysian agriculture, highlighting key sectors such as oil palm, rubber, cocoa, rice, livestock, fisheries, and vegetables. It emphasizes the role of government and private entities in research and development, as well as the adoption of new technologies like precision agriculture and smart farming. Future challenges include labor shortages, rising costs, and climate change impacts on agricultural practices.

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3 views29 pages

Lecture 7 PRT2009

The document discusses innovation and challenges in Malaysian agriculture, highlighting key sectors such as oil palm, rubber, cocoa, rice, livestock, fisheries, and vegetables. It emphasizes the role of government and private entities in research and development, as well as the adoption of new technologies like precision agriculture and smart farming. Future challenges include labor shortages, rising costs, and climate change impacts on agricultural practices.

Uploaded by

tanyesabe8005
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LECTURE 7

INNOVATION AND
CHALLENGES
IN MALAYSIAN AGRICULTURE
Introductory of technologies :

1. Government bodies
ex: MARDI, MPOB, MCB, MRB, FRIM

2. Private
SD Guthrie, IOI, United Plantation Bhd., Kuala Lumpur
Kepong Bhd., FGV Plantation
RESEARCH IN OIL PALM
 Best oil production plant in the world: 1 tree = 43kg oil/ year
 Yield of oil palm to 35 ton fresh fruit bunches (FFB) per hectare per
year or 3.3ton of palm oil
 Tenera hybrid bred from the crossing of Dura and Pisifera
 Dura x Pisifera (D x T) = Tenera

Palm Oil

Palm Kernel Oil


Oil Palm land area and production
in Malaysia
Future and current improvement:
 Increase yield to 40t. ffb ha-1 yr-1
 AAR developed:
 Dumpy , Yamgambi, AVROS semi dwarf.
 Potential high yield clones through tissue culture
 Through transgenic: produce more 50% oleo-
fatty acid.
 Use all parts of oil palm:
 Trunk- biocomposite material, pulp & Paper
 Leaves – animal feed
 POME(palm oil mill effluent)- fertilizer
www.mpob.gov.my
RUBBER

Research in Rubber :

 3rd rubber producer with 1.7 million ha. planted with


rubber trees
 MRB developed:
 High yield & disease resistant clone (>3500kg/ha/year)
 High grade rubber (hevea crumb)=high quality raw material
 Puncture tapping/ microtapping=latex with ethral
 New latex timber clone (Malaysian Oak)
Rubber land area and production
in Malaysia (1970-2009)

National Rubber
Production 1990-2019
(MRB, 2020)

Rubber planted area by region in Malaysia


COCOA
The production of cocoa has declined due to :
1. Reduction in planted areas
2. Low market price
3. Adverse weather conditions
4. Labour shortage
5. High production cost due to pests and
diseases.
Cocoa land area and production
in Malaysia (1970-2009)

Malaysia has to import cocoa from other countries top cocoa


production countries.
Cocoa biotechnology research includes:
1. Improve productivity and production efficiency
2. Enhanced- quality of cocoa products
3. Obtain new products such as useful bioactive compounds
from the cocoa tree, associated microbes in the cocoa
environment and cocoa waste.
Malaysia Cocoa Processing Industry increased although
the cocoa bean is reducing:
Paddy/Rice
 65% self-sufficiency in rice, target 80%
 Aims to raise the yield to 10 tons /ha with the use of new technology.
 Current Malaysia avg rice production 4.1tons/ha
Promote commercialization
in Rice:
 Mechanisation of rice production
 Consolidation of small holdings to
group farming
 Estatisation (mini-estates in Hilir
Perak)
 greater private sector involvement
LIVESTOCK
 Grew at the rate 3.2% per annum.
 By:
 Integration of livestock rearing in plantations – reduce
weeds – free organic fertilizer.
 Feed-lot concept .

 Reducemanagement cost
 FELDA, RISDA, FELCRA
Hybridization :
 To increase the beef and mutton production in
the country by:
 Brahmas beef cattle: Brahman X Kedah-Kelantan breed.
 Buffaloes are also now selected for meat purposes.
 Malin sheep: Australian X Indonesian breeds
 The Boar goats from South African
Fisheries :
 Government incentives for deep sea fishing and aquaculture
 Aquaculture / aquafarming include :
1. fish farming (raising of fresh water and brakish water fishes, lobsters and prawns
in ponds),
2. mariculture (aquaculture in the ocean which includes raising of mollusks),
3. algaculture (production of algae and seaweeds)
4. The growing of cultured pearls.

 Spesies of fresh water fishes include rive carp, catfish, giant fresh water prawn,
tilapia and carp,
 Brakish/marine fishes include sea bass, tiger prawn and crabs.
 Fishes produces about 60% of the animal protein intake of the
country.
 Encouraging locals to adopt aquaculture by:
 constructing ponds and raising fishes in net cages in rivers, lakes
and sea shores.
RESEARCH :
 Probiotics to improve cultivation of fish and
prawns.
 A rapid detection kit to detect white spot syndrome
virus (WSSV) disease in prawns.
 Modern technology to enhance production while
looking into the implication of the environment.

Government efforts:
 Form consortia to venture into mega-commercial
fishing.
 Built mega fishing ports.
FRUIT, FLOWERS & VEGS :
 Research on fruits :
 To improve commercial production of
Banana, pineapple, papaya, starfruit, mango, durian, guava,
watermelon, jackfruit, rambutan, citrus, duku langsat/dokong,
cempedak, ciku and mangosteen

Malaysia fruit planting area and production (1970-2009)


Flowers :
Orchids, roses, chrysanthemum
Tissue culture used for mass-
production of orchid seedlings
which are even exported.
Vegetables
 Veg industry increase 7.2% annually
 Research focus on:
 Increase yield
 Optimize use of fertiliser and water
 Look for new strain
 Pest and Disease control

Malaysia vegetable planting area and production (1970-2009)


22
Bioagents
 Using biological organisms as the form of Biofertilizer and
Biocontrol agents
 Ex:
 Natural antagonistic fungi for fungal disease on vegetables.
 Bacterial to suppress black pod disease on cocoa
 Predatory mites to control phytophagous mites.
Precision Agriculture
 farming management concept based on observing and
responding to intra-field variations.
 It relies on new technologies like satellite imagery, information
technology and and geospatial tools.
 to locate their precise position in a field using satellite
positioning system like GPS.
 Also known as Site Specific Management
 In Malaysia practice in: Oil Palm plantation and Rice field
GPS-Aided-INS for Mobile Mapping in
Precision Agriculture: give farmers accurate and
quick updates about the location of the field. GPS
may be blocked by trees, buildings, and mountains
but INS keeps on working.

(Developed by Faculty of Engineering, UPM)


http://www.gisdevelopment.net/technology/gps/pdf/ma03194.pdf

NDVI image: taken with small aerial


system Stardust II in one flight
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SUAS_StardustII_Ndvi_sml.jpg
IOT in Agriculture
 Use sensors to collect various data on the farms.
 Sensors Data: Temperature, Humidity, pH, EC etc
 Base on data processing.
 Purposes for farm monitoring.
3. Teknologi –Pertanian Pintar/Kilang Tanaman

▪ Smart farming and vertical farming


using full AI, IOT and Sensors
bertingkat menggunakan system
kawalan penoh, AI, IoT, Sensor etc
▪ Efficient use of space- 4/5 time higher
production
▪ High value crop
▪ Reduce food miles
▪ Efficient use of water and nutrients
(recycled closed nutrient system)
▪ More comfortable working
environment
FUTURE CHALLENGES IN
AGRICULTURE

1. Labour
2. Price : price of fertilizers, seeds, tools and equipments
3. Crop choice : oil palm and rubber
4. Agriculture technology
5. Resources
6. Climate Change
The End

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