lecture 4
lecture 4
IN SOLIDS
Diffusion in solids are occurring at a very slow rate.
Mass transfer in solids are very important
especially in chemical and biological processing.
Examples:
Leaching of metal ores
Drying of timber, and foods
Diffusion and catalytic reaction in solid catalysts
Separation of fluids by membranes
Treatment of metal at high temperature by gases.
Diffusion in solids occur in two different ways:
dCA
NA = -DAB
dz
CA1
CA2
z2-z1
Case 2: Diffusion through a cylinder wall
For steady-state diffusion through a cylinder wall of inner radius r1 and outer radius r2
and length L in the radial direction outward, we get
m3 solute at STP
m3 solid . atm partial pressure of solute
S pA
CA = kmol solute /m3 solid where pA is in atm
22.414
D AB S ( p A1 − p A 2 )
NA = kgmol / s.m 2
22 .414 ( z 2 − z1 ) STP of 0oC and 1 atm
Example 8
c A1 − c A 2
N A = D AB
S pA1
CA1 = kmol solute /m3 solid
22.414
z 2 − z1
Tutorial (Q6)
PM ( p A1 − p A 2 )
NA = kgmol / s.m 2
22 .414 ( z 2 − z1 )
Example 9
PM ( p A1 − p A 2 )
NA = kgmol / s.m 2
22 .414 ( z 2 − z1 )
2. Diffusion in porous solids that depends on
structure
Case 1: Diffusion of liquid in porous solids
For diffusion of salt in water at steady state:
( c A1 − c A 2 )
N A = D AB
NA ( z 2 − z1 )
z1 z z2
Example 10
( p A1 − p A 2 )
N A = D AB
NA RT ( z 2 − z1 )
z1 z z2