GRADE

STEM
PROJECTS

Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry,

TEACHING GUIDE
LESSON PLANS
STEP-BY-STEP INSTRUCTIONS
ACTIVITY SHEETS

Science | Technology | Engineering | Mathematics

Launching of STEM in Pakistan

A project of Pakistan Science Foundation
Ministry of Science and Technology

Pakistan Science Foundation Childrenand Youth Science Center,

1-Constitution Avenue, G-5/2, Islamabad
China Associationof Scienceand Technology
www.psf.gov.pk
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Pakistan Science Foundation (PSF), established in 1973 through an Act
of Parliament, is the apex body working under the umbrella of the
Ministry of Science and Technology for the promotion and funding of
scientific and technological research and science popularization in the
country. “Launching of STEM in Pakistan, Phase-I” is a newly approved
public sector development project (PSDP).

The major objectives of the STEM project are as follows;

1. To officially launch STEM, the modern tool for the promotion of

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Education in
Pakistan (in 50 HSS/Cadet Colleges in 1st phase).
2. To coordinate the provision of specialized national and
international capacity-building programs on STEM education for
science teachers and pedagogues.
3. To coordinate development, introduction, and adoption of modern
pedagogical tools & and interventions for STEM including STEM
framework/global best practices like IBSE/ LAMAP.
4. To equip our youth with meaningful learning through hands-on
experiences and improve their cognitive abilities.
5. To develop entrepreneurship skills amongst students through STEM
education to make them job givers instead of job seekers.

This project's STEM lesson plans were created using a variety of tools
and techniques, such as the participation of top-notch scientists and
researchers across the country, the hiring of a reputable company
called TeleTaleem (www.teletaleem.com), and aegis of the Children and
Youth Science Centre of the Chinese Association of Science and
Technology (CYSC-CAST).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The STEM team at Pakistan Science Foundation's STEM Academy
examined, graded, evaluated, assessed, and revised the lesson plans
that were developed by various sources. The PSF was able to produce a
top-notch reference book for Grade 9 thanks to the outstanding
support of the Chinese equivalent organization (CYSC-CAST).

These experiments were meticulously designed in line with Pakistan's

National Curriculum in a variety of scientific subjects. The STEM
Teaching Guide for various levels Grade 9, 10, 11, and 12, and teacher
training manuals for all the grades are also being published.

The STEM module book is available on the STEM-PSF website

https://stem.psf.gov.pk/Default.aspx

STEM modules are also available on the STEM LMS. Meanwhile, the
fabrication of STEM kits, that have been designed through modules on
engineering, materials, nanotechnology, energy, medicine,
microbiology, industry, scientific instruments, fuel cells, renewable
energy, robotics, artificial intelligence, energy storage, electronics,
gravity, astronomy, water, and food.

This project will provide opportunities for technology, innovation, and

entrepreneurship as well as serve as a source of new knowledge
production in a number of areas beyond national boundaries.

Dr. Ahsan Feroze

Project Director (STEM)
 PREFACE
Welcome to this collection of STEM Projects. In a world driven by
science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, curiosity has the
power to shape the future. This book is a culmination of that curiosity—
PREFACE
an assemblage of hands-on projects designed to inspire, educate, and
ignite a passion for the wonders of the STEM disciplines.

The journey through STEM is a dynamic one, marked by discovery,

innovation, and the endless pursuit of understanding the intricacies of
our universe. As you turn these pages, you'll find a diverse array of
projects that encompass various fields, each carefully crafted to
encourage you to question, experiment, and engage with the world
around you.

From constructing model bridges that test the principles of engineering,

to coding simulations that unravel complex scientific phenomena, to
delving into the realms of mathematics that underpin our technological
advancements—this collection offers a plethora of opportunities to
delve into the heart of STEM. Whether you're a student taking your first
steps into these domains or an experienced enthusiast or a teacher
seeking new challenges, there's something here for everyone.

These projects not only serve as outlets for creativity and critical
thinking, but also as gateways to understanding how the principles of
STEM shape our daily lives. They showcase the practical applications of
theory, enabling you to bridge the gap between abstract concepts and
tangible outcomes. Each project is a chance to observe the interplay
between theory and reality, while also fostering the invaluable skills of
problem-solving, teamwork, and perseverance.

This book wouldn't be possible without the dedication and enthusiasm

of countless individuals who have a deep-rooted passion for STEM. It's
a testament to their unwavering commitment to sharing knowledge
and inspiring the next generation of thinkers, creators, and innovators.
 So, whether you're embarking on these projects independently, as
part of a classroom experience, or even as a family endeavor,
remember that exploration knows no bounds. The world of STEM is
boundless and ever-evolving, and each project you undertake is a
PREFACE
step toward unraveling its mysteries.

As you embark on this adventure of exploration and discovery, we

hope that these projects will not only provide you with the tools to
create and learn, but also with a lasting sense of awe for the beauty
and complexity of the STEM world. May your journey through these
pages be just the beginning of a lifelong pursuit of knowledge and a
deep-seated appreciation for the marvels that STEM has to offer.

Happy exploring!
TABLE OF CONTENT BIOLOGY

01
EXPLO RING FUNCT ION OF HUMAN SALIVA
Investigate the role of salivary amylase in the digestion of starch, and
explore whether smoking has any effect on the production of salivary
amylase.

18
BENDING PLANT ROOTS WITH GRAVITY
Investigate plants growth responses to environmental stimuli l ike
gravity

38 LUNCH IN OUTER SPACE!

Design and create devices to help astronauts eat.

59 BACTERIOPHAGE BUILDER CHALLENGE

Des ign and create a super bacteriophage

76
LET THE BLOOD FLOW: BIOME DICAL ARTERY
UNCLOGGING EXPERIMENT
Create sample blood clot polymer and test solutions that effectively
breaks i t down.

102
THE MIGHTY HEART
Dissection of sheep’ s heart to understand the structure of human
heart
TABLE OF CONTENT CHEMISTRY

124
EXOTHE RMIC AND EN DOT HE RMI C REACTIONS
How can we as chemists perform various chemical reactions using
kitchen i tems to investigate which reactions are exothermic and which
are endothermic?

141
TYPES OF ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS
How can we as chemical engineers use the concepts of oxidation and
reduction to make a simple voltaic cell?

172 CONT ROL THE REACTION RATE OF FOAMING

How can we as biochemists perform an experiment to understand how
the Collision Theory can explain different chemical reaction rates?

200
MAKING BETTER BATTERIES
How can we as electrical engineers use electrochemistry to design a
prototype that helps us to improve the efficiency of rechargeable
batteries?

221
ACID AND BASE RAINBOWS
How can we as chemical engineers investigate the p H of pollutants to
understand which chemical reactions would make the environment
cleaner?

243
GAS- CIRCUS!
How can we as chemical engineers conduct a series of experiments to
understand the properties of gases?
TABLE OF CONTENT PHYSICS

260
DISTURBANCES
How can we design a model that shows the physics of waves that
apply in a variety of real- l i fe circumstances?

280
HYDRAULIC LIFT
How can we design a model of hydraulic l i f t to help people access tall
buildings and l i f t heavy loads?

291
ENGINEER YOUR SPECTROGRAPH!
How can we des ign a s p ectr ogr ap h that can help us to vis ualize the
comp on en ts of white l ight?

307
CATAPULT DESIGN
How can we d esign a mod el of a catap ult to laun ch objects at
maximum r an ge?

320
NEWTON’ S CRADLE
How can we design Newton’ s cradle to demonstrate conservation of
momentum?

337
GRAVITY AND ORBITS
How can we digitally simulate gravity to study i ts effects on celestial
bodies?
TABLE OF CONTENT MATHEMATICS

355
QUADARTICS!
How can we as mathematical modelers design digital models that help
us to i l lustrate the solution of a quadratic equation using the
completing the square method?

373
IS IT COMPLEX?
How can we visualize complex numbers to understand their
application in the construction of bridges?

387
ANALYZE THAT SERIES!
How can we visualize to geometric series to develop a mathematical
formula for i t?

402
TRAN SFO RM ATI ON GOLF
How can we as mathematicians digitally simulate 2 - D geometrical
transformations to understand the concepts behind how they work?

416
MARBLESLIDES: PERIODICS
How can we as mathematicians use digital games to investigate the
relationship between the periodicity of trigonometric functions and
their graphs?

439
PASCAL’ S TRIANGLE
How can we visualize the binomial theorem to develop an
understanding of Pascal’ s triangle?
TABLE OF CONTENT COMPUTER
SCIENCE

453
CON T RO LLI NG LEDS USING IOT
How can you as Computer Scientists operate and control electronic
components wirelessly using Io T technology?

478
MAKE AN ENTITY RELATIO NS HIP DI AG RAM OF THE
ATTENDAN CE M AN AGEMENT SYSTEM
As a database engineer, you are tasked with modeling data using an
entity relationship diagram.

493
DECIDING THE NEW MENU FOR CANTEEN
As the school' s food committee, you have been tasked with creating a
new menu for the whole school

512
COMP ARE AND CON TRAST VARIOUS SO FTWARE
AP P LI CATI ON S FOR A GIVEN P URPOS E.
Do you ever wonder how video games are being made?

532
AI- BASED ANTI- THEFT ALARM
Explore what is Artificial intelligence and how can we implement i t to
design smart systems.

548
EXAM PREPARATION STUDY PLANNER
Create a schedule for exam preparation based on the start date of the
exam, subjects, and hours of study each day to help students
efficiently prepare for the exam.
TABLE OF CONTENT PROJECTS
CONTRIBUTED BY
CYSC-CAST
(Children and Youth Science Center, China Association
of Science and Technology)

565 ESCAPE THE MAZE

Let’ s play the game “ Escape the Maze”. A kitten is trapped in a maze,
Please use algorithms to help the kitten to f ind the path out of the
maze

577
LEARNING ELECTRO- CHEMSITRY BY BUILDING ELECTRIC
VEHICLES
Develop and put into action an energy dispatch plan for a model
energy vehicle

594
INTELLIGENT PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
Buses play an important role in people' s daily travel. However, people
cannot accurately predict the arrival t ime of buses, they often spend a
lot of t ime in the process waiting for buses. Solve this problem using a
wireless communication system

604
ONLINE NETWO RK - SPY WAR STORM - NETWORK
ATTACK AND DE FE NSE POSTURE STUDY
Un d er stan d the behavior of attack ers and d ef en ders in a network
attack and d efens e mod el

DESIGN AND MAKE A ROCKET

613
Design a water rocket model based on Newton' s law of motion,
momentum and f luid related knowledge
ABLE OF CONTENTS PROJECTS ON
EMERGING
TECHNOLOGIES

624
WATER LEVEL IN DICATO R WITH ARDUINO
Can You Make the Waves of Kn owled ge Rise? Learn how to build a
water level in d icator using an Arduino b oard , the comp on en ts
involved and the code required to make the project work.

639
TRACING TRAILS: E XPLO RE THE E XCITING WORLD OF
LINE FOLLOWER ROBOT
As a robotics expert, you are tasked to design a waiter robot that
serves food to customers by following the black l ine

657
EXPLORING FLOOD DATA: ANALYZE, VISUALIZE,
UNDERSTAND
Diving into Data: Unveiling Insights and Visualizing Patterns in Flood
Occurrences

SIGN- IQ: EXP LORIN G ROAD SIGNS TH ROUGH M ACHINE

675 LEARNING ADVENT URES

Exploring the Road Ahead: How can machine learning be utilized to
enhance the accuracy of road sign detection for self- driving vehicles
in varying real- world conditions?

697
CODING THE FUT U RE: FACE RE CO GNI TIO N DOOR
SYSTEM
As an AI engineer, you are asked to design a face recognition security
system for a home.

716
CATCH THE CAT: DEVELOP AN INTERACTIVE MOBILE
GAME WITH MIT APP INVENTOR
Can you create an app “ Catch the Cat”? Learn to design and develop
an interactive game using the MIT App Inventor platform