AN INTERNSHIP REPORT

Submitted by

AKASH P (JEC22CE003)

In partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

in

CIVIL ENGINEERING

of

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

MAY 2023
 DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

JYOTHI ENGINEERING COLLEGE CHERUTHURUTHY

THRISSUR 679531

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Internship training at “LSGD KOODARANHI GRAMA

PANCHAYATH, KOZHIKODE” was conducted for seven days dated during period from
15.05.2023 to 21.05.2023 at road and maintenance by AKASH P (JEC22CE003) towards
partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the Degree in Bachelor of Technology in
Civil Engineering under APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University. This report in any form
has not been submitted to any other University or Institute for any purpose.

Ms. Neeraja.P.G Ms. Vincy Verghese

(Class Tutor) Head of the Department

Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering

Department of Civil Engineering

 JYOTHI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

COLLEGE VISION

Creating eminent and ethical leaders through quality professional education with emphasis
on holistic excellence.

COLLEGE MISSION

 To emerge as an institution par excellence of global standards by imparting quality

engineering and other professional programs with state-of- the-art facilities.

 To equip the students with appropriate skills for a meaningful career in the global scenario.

 To inculcate ethical values among students and ignite their passion for holistic excellence

through social initiatives.

 To participate in the development of society through technology incubation, entrepreneurship

and industry interaction.

 DEPARTMENT VISION

To emerge as a Centre of Excellence in Civil Engineering through quality professional education

and to create eminent leaders with values committed to the profession and society.

DEPARTMENT MISSION

 To impart state of the art education and to provide industry exposure to students

 To create civil engineers who successfully adapt and innovate solutions for the built

environment

 To inspire and transform the students to hard core professionals and academicians with

ethical values.

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

The program educational objectives of B.Tech in Civil Engineering are:

1. Graduates will have concrete knowledge in the application of necessary mathematical tools,

scientific theories and modern developments in civil engineering.

2. Graduates will understand the societal needs and will be committed in developing optimal

solutions.
3. Graduates will pursue higher education, research or entrepreneurship apart from being

employable.

4. Graduates will be competent to face challenges in civil engineering through lifelong learning

process and will have high ethical values, honesty and a sense of responsibility.

PROGRAMME OUTCOMES

Engineering Graduates will be able to:

1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering

fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering

problems.

2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyse complex

engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of

mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.

3. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and

design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate

consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental

considerations.
4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and research

methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of

the information to provide valid conclusions.

5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern

engineering and IT tools including prediction and modelling to complex engineering

activities with an understanding of the limitations.

6. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess

societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant

to the professional engineering practice.

7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering

solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and

need for sustainable development.

8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and

norms of the engineering practice.

9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader

in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings

 .

10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the

engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and

write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and

receive clear instructions.

11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the

engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and

leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.

12.Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to

engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change

PROGRAMME SPECIFIC OUTCOMES

1. Acquire applied knowledge in Environmental Engineering, Geotechnical

Engineering Structural Engineering and Transportation Engineering.

2. Utilise theoretical concepts and technical skills in developing appropriate solutions for water

quality management, sanitation, pavement design, traffic engineering and transportation

planning.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, I would like to thank God Almighty for his blessings on the project.

I would like to express my sincere thanks to our principal Dr. JOSE P THERATTIL for his
encouragement and support. I am grateful to the management for giving me this opportunity
to carry out internship program in time.

I am very much indebted to Ms. VINCY VERGHESE, Head of Department, Civil

Engineering for his kind encouragement for doing the training. I express my sincere gratitude
to Assistant professor, Ms. NEERAJA P G for her support and valuable advice from
beginning to till the end of the industrial training.

I am very thankful to Local Self Government Department Koodaranhi, Calicut for having
given me the opportunity to undertake our first year internship program recommended by
Kerala Technological University (KTU) dated during period from 15.05.2023 to 21.05.2023
at Road and maintenance, Koodaranhi (7 Days).

I wish to express my sincere gratitude to Mr. RAJEST T P, Assistant engineer LSGD

Koodaranhi Grama Panchayath, Koodaranhi for their guidance and encouragement in
carrying out this project work.

I also thank the officials and other staff members of Road and maintenance, Koodaranhi,
who rendered their help during the period of our internship.

At last, but not the least, we would like to thank the entire Jyothi team, Principal,
Management and all Faculties those who had inspired and helped us to achieve our goal.

AKASH P

i
 ABSTRACT

The internship was based on public works which comes under Kerala LSGD section that
includes public buildings, transport infrastructure, public spaces, public services and other,
usually long term, physical assets and facilities

I have visited the Kerala LSGD Road and maintenance Koodaranhi, grama panchayath for
doing seven days internship program. By doing this internship in an actual workplace,
helped us to know and discover ourselves from different angle. It helped us to control and
develop our attitude and behavior in dealing with different kinds of people and Situation.

I learned about various specifications and gradations used in Kerala LSGD construction and
several legal papers that are required for a construction work which include: construction
plan (may be a house plan, road construction plan, commercial plan etc.); estimate report
(summarizes the estimate in simple terms); cost estimate (detailed report on the expense
expected in overall construction).

ii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter Title Page No.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i

ABSTRACT ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS iii

LIST OF FIGURES iv

LIST OF TABLES iv

1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 GENERAL 1
1.2 LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT 1
1.3 PROJECT BACKGROUND 1
1.4 OBJECTIVE 2

2. INDUSTRIAL TRAINING 2
2.1 DETAILED REPORT
2.1.1 KERALA LSGD CIVIL ENGINEERING
2.1.2 LEGAL PAPERS MAINTAINED
2.2 CONSTRUCTION OF VILLAGE ROAD
3. SITE VISIT 2

3.1 GENERAL

3.2 RETAINING WALL

3.3 EARTH FILLING AND CUTTING

3.4 ROCK BREAKING

3.5 PAK MAIL MACHINE

3.6 CONCRETE ROAD

4. CONCLUSION
iii
 LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Title Page No.

1 Kerala LSGD Adopting Rules 2

LIST OF FIGURES

Fig. No. Title Page No.

1 Road Roller 3

2 Water Bound Macadam 5

3 Steps Involved in Road Construction 5

4 Cross section of Village Road 7

5 Construction of retaining wall

6 Earth cutting and filling

7 Rock breaking in site

8 Pak mail machine

9 Concrete road construction

iv
 Internship Report
2023

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL

This report is a short description of my 7 day internship programme which was carried out
as part of A P J Abdul Kalam Technological University syllabus. Since I am a civil
engineering student, I concentrated on ‘local body level’. I have done my internship
programme at LSGD Koodaranhi, which comes under the Civil Department of Kerala
Government.

1.2 LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT (LSGD)

Local self government department(LSGD) section include public buildings (local buildings,
schools, hospitals), transport infrastructure (roads, bridges, pipelines, canals, ports, bus
stands etc.), public spaces (public squares, parks, beaches), public services (water supply,
sewage, electrical grid, dams) and other , usually long term, physical assets and
facilities. They also provide permits for buildings, drawing plans for construction etc.

1.3 PROJECT BACKGROUND

This internship report contains many activities which I had done during this period. In the
following pages, I have described about the experiences, objectives, description and the goals
that I achieved. Finally, I gave a conclusion on the internship experience as per my goals.
The data that I collected during this period was also included in this report.

The place where I worked is a government organization. My advisor, Mr. RAJESH T P

(Assistant engineer LSGD Koodaranhi) is well experienced professional in this field and had
worked for many years in Kerala PWD. It was a great opportunity for me to be guided by
them. This internship helped me to learn independently, discipline ourselves, to be patient,
self-trust, take initiative and the ability to analyze the public works by the government.

Dept. of Civil 1 Jyothi Engineering

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 Internship Report 2023

1.4 OBJECTIVE

The main goal of this internship was to experience the area of civil engineering.
Experience includes study, analysis, enrich the knowledge etc. Main goals are given
below:

 To know the basic construction rules and specifications adopted by the Kerala
LSGD.
 To know the legal papers maintained about any specific project.
 To know about KBR setback rules.
 To study specifically about the procedure for construction of buildings and roads.

 To know about different types of constructions like canal, drainage, building,

check dam, etc.

The main objective of this internship was the practical experience and the colleague
mingling to be gained for the well success in the field of civil engineering.

Dept. of Civil 6 Jyothi Engineering

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 Internship Report 2023

CHAPTER 2
INTERNSHIP TRAINING

2.1 DETAILED REPORT

2.1.1 Kerala LSGD Civil Engineering

I studied about various specifications and gradations used in LSGD construction:

Sl.No. Category According to

Specification used for
CPWD (Central Public Works Department)
1 Buildings

Preferred rates Delhi Schedule of Rates (DSR), 2016

2

3 Specification used for Roads MORD (Ministry of Rural Development)

4 Building Rules KBR( Kerala Building Rules)

PRICE (Project Information and

5 Software used for data entry Cost Estimation)

Table 1: Kerala LSGD Adopting Rule

2.1.2 Legal Papers maintained

I have studied and maintained legal papers needed for a construction work. I also helped
in data entry. There are certain software’s like PRICE which helps in it. The legal papers
are listed below:

1. Construction plan may be a house plan,commercial building plan,road construction

plan,canal or drainage system plan etc. This may include site, elevation, site plan,
property section of perculation pit, specification of the materials used, cross section
house showing the dimensions and other important specifications.
2. Estimate report (Summarizes the estimate in simpler terms)

3. Cost estimate (Detailed report on the expense expected in overall construction)

Dept. of Civil 6 Jyothi Engineering

Engineering College
 Internship Report 2023

2.2 Construction of Village Road

Procedure 1: Compacting the original ground

In this process 0.3 metre thickness of sand from earth is loosened, watered, graded and
after that the ground is compacted to meet requirements of quarrying work.

Fig 1: Road Roller

Procedure 2: GSB (Granular Sub- base method)

In this process, above the compacted ground about 10 cm thickness of GSP (which is a
mixture of fine and coarse aggregates) layer is added above it by mix- in – place method. GSP
also comes in different grades for different types of road construction. And finally roller is
used to roll above it.
Procedure 3: Wet Mix Macadam
During olden times this method was not used. It came into rule from past 3 years. During
olden times Water Bound Macadam (WBM) was used by the panchayats. In Water
Bound Method , 60 mm thickness of rocks are scattered above the compacted ground up
to it reaches a height of 0.1 metre and then it is rammed or rolled to 0.75 thickness by the
roller. This method is entirely different from Wet Mix Method. Also red sand is scattered
above this rock and rolled by the roller.

Dept. of Civil 6 Jyothi Engineering

Engineering College
 Internship Report 2023

Where as in case of Wet Mix Method there is a gradation and is a mixture of sand, rock
etc. in this 10 cm thickness ,a layer of mixture obtained from quarry is scattered above the
ground and it is the rammed to 7.5 cm thickness and is compacted. Again this step is
repeated and in total we get a thickness of 0.15metre or 15 cm thickness. The advantage
of Wet Mix Macadam over Water Bound Macadam is that it provides more strength and
has less weight and it is also less time consuming. The work is completed within 2-3 days
whereas in case of Water Bound Macadam it took 30 days (1 month) minimum to
complete the work because, after first coating it has to be kept for drying for almost 15
days and also after the second coating for tarring it is again kept for 15 days for drying. In
new method, there is less binding capacity and tarring is done immediately after rolling
because water need not to be sprayed.
During this process, the mixture is spread on the bed in a cambered shape such that the
road curves at the middle and provides a slope at either side of the road. This is done to
make the rainwater flow to both the extent and not collect at the middle of the road.

Fig.2: Water Bound Macadam

Procedure 4: Primer Coating

This method is used for tarring purpose. It is a slow setting emulsion with low porosity. Its
short form is SS-1.It is also called as Primer coat. It is described in range that is how much
amount of this can be used per metre square. For the requirement of SS1 for a particular road
first we calculate the total area of the road. Suppose a road has an area of 3 metre square,
then this 3 metre square is multiplied by an average value of 0.85 to get the

required SS1 for the road. For spraying of SS-1, we use a motor which is connected to
nozzle and then sprayed by hand. This is kept for 24 to 48 hours minimum to settle down.
This slow setting emulsion is a kerosene based emulsion and when it is sprayed we get a
particular smell of kerosene and after a particular time the smell gets vanished.

Dept. of Civil 6 Jyothi Engineering

Engineering College
 Internship Report 2023

Fig.3: Steps involved in road construction

Procedure 5: Tack Coat

After SS-1, we do RS-1 that is Rapid Setting Emulsion. In this method, we
2
use 0.25 to 0.3kg/m2 of emulsion. The average is 0.275 kg/m . This method is similar to
slow setting emulsion motor-nozzle spraying. Here the setting time is half an hour,
whereas in slow setting emulsion we need 24 to 48 hours. In this method, full road is not
sprayed, only the important and particular areas are sprayed so it takes only half an hour
to complete the process. At first it has a cow dung colour and after some time its colour
become almost equal to the colour of tarring. It is just like a liquid neither sticky nor semi
solid type.

Procedure 6: Chipping Carpet

In this method, 20 mm chipping carpet is used. It has a gradation of 13.2 to 5.6
and the average is about 12mm. The roller used for compacting has also different
capacity. Here the capacity is from 800 to 100 kilo Newton static roller capacity. VG 30
bitumen is used for tarring purpose in this method. For different methods, there are
different bitumen types available. Tar is also known as bitumen. Here, we use Bitumen S-
65. Tar is transported from boiler to the site by an auto like vehicle which, like a tipper
can be raised above to drop off the tar in small quantity and then it is then spread
manually. It is then rolled.

Dept. of Civil 6 Jyothi Engineering

Engineering College
 Internship Report 2023

Procedure7: Seal coat

In this method, 6mm metal is laid and then finally rolled to get a perfect road.

Procedure 8: Construction of Sub-grade and Earthen Shoulders

Whole of the area compacted is not tarred. Usually, only a maximum of 3 to 4

m of width is needed for village roads which are tarred. A certain piece of area is untared
at both the ends. This is done to make future enhancements and maintenance in the road.
A drainage facility could also be adopted if this is done. The difference in the height level
of road and ground (approx. 15 cm) is sometimes maintained by shoulders which is a
filled in with either sand, concreting etc. Mainly, IC 1:4:8 is used as the shoulder fill up
with metal: sand: cement proportion as 8:4:1. An extra digging is needed to provide the
shoulders. The main sand ingredient used in the fill up is called M-Sand.

Fig.4: Cross Section of Road

Dept. of Civil 6 Jyothi Engineering

Engineering College
 Internship Report
2023

CHAPTER 3
SITE VISIT

3.1 GENERAL
As part of RKI (Rebuild Kerala in) project, along with Koodaranji Panchayath AE officer and AEE
officer went to Rayirankandimooke for the construction of a new road. Earth filling was done and a
retaining wall (DR Type) was build, rock breaking.

3.2 RETAINING WALL

Fig 5: Construction of retaining wall

Retaining walls are relatively rigid walls used for supporting soil laterally so that it can be retained
at different levels on the two sides. Retaining walls are structures designed to restrain soil to a slope
that it would not naturally keep to (typically a steep, near-vertical or vertical slope).

7 Dept. of Civil 8 Jyothi Engineering

Engineering College
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2023
3.3 EARTH FILLING AND EARTH CUTTING

In layperson’s terms, ‘earth cutting and filling’ refers to excavating and removing earth from an
area of higher elevation, and using it to fill areas of lower elevation. The primary purpose of the
technique is to create a level construction pad on which a structure can be built.

Fig 6: earth cutting and filling

In layperson’s terms, ‘earth cutting and filling’ refers to excavating and removing earth from an
area of higher elevation, and using it to fill areas of lower elevation. The primary purpose of the
technique is to create a level construction pad on which a structure can be built.

3.4 ROCK BREAKING

Rock-breaking means the removal of boulders or bedrock from land by drilling, percussive
breaking (not hammering), or splitting, but excluding blasting. It is a method used in construction
to demolish concrete structures and rock by using either a jackhammer or a percussion hammer
which has been fitted to an excavator.

7 Dept. of Civil 8 Jyothi Engineering

Engineering College
 Internship Report
2023

Fig 7: Rock breaking in site

3.5 PAK MAIL MACHINE

As part of road re-taring Koodaranji Panchayath at annakanpoyil, retaring was done by using help
of pake mail machine (it is a machine that to use to mix the tar properly without wasting
materials). Pak Mail is a one-stop source for domestic, international and freight shipping, including
services for furniture, art, and antiques.

Fig 8: Pak mail machine

7 Dept. of Civil 8 Jyothi Engineering

Engineering College
 Internship Report
2023
3.6 CONCERTE ROAD

Accompanied for concerte road construction in Koodaranji Panchayath at Arippara. Concerte road
was done by using help concerte mixing machine, and material moving vehicles. The measurement
of the road is 15cm thick and 3cm width.

(a)

(b)
Fig 9 (a),(b): Concrete road construction

7 Dept. of Civil 8 Jyothi Engineering

Engineering College
 Internship Report
2023

CHAPTER 4
CONCLUSION

The purpose of this internship was to increase the experience level and studying. I have
gained new knowledge, skills and met many people. This internship was a great
opportunity and a wonderful experience for me. It‘s my first experience of doing an
internship.

Moreover, I got the chance to understand the civil engineering works undertaken by the
government sector by Kerala LSGD. All my internship goals were met through this
internship and we enjoyed a lot.

Civil is the subject that is closely related to nature and I think, by doing this internship I
can do something to nature in our future, all of us can‘t do great things but we can do
small things greatly.

7 Dept. of Civil 8 Jyothi Engineering

Engineering College