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AQA AS LEVEL Physics Class Notes

The document covers key concepts in particle physics, waves, mechanics, electricity, and materials. It includes definitions, equations, and important laws such as Newton's Laws and Ohm's Law, as well as revision notes for effective study. Each section emphasizes essential principles and calculations relevant to each topic.

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sharjeel.sj09
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4 views3 pages

AQA AS LEVEL Physics Class Notes

The document covers key concepts in particle physics, waves, mechanics, electricity, and materials. It includes definitions, equations, and important laws such as Newton's Laws and Ohm's Law, as well as revision notes for effective study. Each section emphasizes essential principles and calculations relevant to each topic.

Uploaded by

sharjeel.sj09
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1. Particle Physics (Section 3.1.

1)

🔍 Class Notes:
●​ Atoms consist of protons, neutrons (nucleons), and electrons.​

●​ Proton number (Z) = number of protons; Nucleon number (A) = protons +


neutrons.​

●​ Isotopes = same Z, different A.​

●​ Antiparticles (e.g. positron, antiproton): same mass, opposite charge.​

●​ Pair Production: Energy → particle + antiparticle.​

●​ Annihilation: particle + antiparticle → 2 gamma photons.​

🧠 Revision Notes:
●​ Learn rest energies of particles:​

○​ Electron = 0.511 MeV​

○​ Proton = 938 MeV​

●​ Photon energy: E=hf=hcλE = hf = \frac{hc}{\lambda}E=hf=λhc​​

●​ Use conservation of charge, baryon number, and lepton number in reactions.​

2. Waves (Section 3.3.1)

🔍 Class Notes:
●​ Transverse: oscillations ⟂ direction of travel (e.g., light).​

●​ Longitudinal: oscillations ∥ direction of travel (e.g., sound).​

●​ Wave speed: v=fλv = f \lambdav=fλ​

●​ Phase difference: difference in position within a cycle, in radians or degrees.​

🧠 Revision Notes:
●​ Superposition → interference​

○​ Constructive: path difference = nλn\lambdanλ​

○​ Destructive: path difference = (n+12)λ(n + \frac{1}{2})\lambda(n+21​)λ​

●​ Diffraction most noticeable when gap ≈ wavelength.​

●​ Learn how to interpret diffraction grating and double slit setups.​

3. Mechanics (Section 3.4.1)

🔍 Class Notes:
●​ SUVAT Equations apply to constant acceleration:​

○​ v=u+atv = u + atv=u+at​

○​ s=ut+12at2s = ut + \frac{1}{2}at^2s=ut+21​at2​

○​ v2=u2+2asv^2 = u^2 + 2asv2=u2+2as​

●​ Newton’s Laws​

○​ 1st: constant velocity unless force acts.​

○​ 2nd: F=maF = maF=ma​

○​ 3rd: equal and opposite forces.​

🧠 Revision Notes:
●​ Free-body diagrams help break forces into components.​

●​ Resolve forces: horizontal and vertical.​

●​ Common errors: forgetting weight = mgmgmg and that tension/normal force ≠ always
vertical.​

4. Electricity (Section 3.2.1 & 3.2.2)

🔍 Class Notes:
●​ Current (I): rate of flow of charge, I=QtI = \frac{Q}{t}I=tQ​​

●​ Voltage (V): energy per unit charge, V=WQV = \frac{W}{Q}V=QW​​

●​ Resistance (R): R=VIR = \frac{V}{I}R=IV​​

●​ Ohm’s Law: V ∝ I when T is constant.​

🧠 Revision Notes:
●​ Learn series and parallel rules:​

○​ Series: current same; V divides.​

○​ Parallel: V same; current splits.​

●​ Power equations:​

○​ P=IV=I2R=V2RP = IV = I^2R = \frac{V^2}{R}P=IV=I2R=RV2​​

●​ I–V graphs help identify ohmic, filament, and diode components.​

5. Materials (Section 3.4.2)

🔍 Class Notes:
●​ Hooke’s Law: F=kxF = kxF=kx (only up to elastic limit)​

●​ Stress: σ=FA\sigma = \frac{F}{A}σ=AF​​

●​ Strain: ϵ=ΔLL\epsilon = \frac{\Delta L}{L}ϵ=LΔL​​

●​ Young modulus: E=σϵE = \frac{\sigma}{\epsilon}E=ϵσ​​

🧠 Revision Notes:
●​ Learn definitions and units:​

○​ Stress: Pa, Strain: no units​

●​ Area under force–extension graph = energy stored​

●​ Brittle vs ductile behaviour shown in stress–strain graphs.​

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