e-ISSN (O): 2348-4470

Scientific Journal of Impact Factor (SJIF): 5.71

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International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research

Development
Volume 5, Issue 04, April -2018

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF VARIOUS PEB FRAME TYPES

Shivam prajapati1,Chatan kambad2, VarshaYadav3,Samruddha Raje4
1
P.G. student, Department of Structural Engineering, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
2
Structual Consultant, Kambad engineering, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
3
Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
4
Structual Consultant, Vadodara, Gujarat, India

Abstract—Pre-Engineered Building (PEB) concept in the design of structures has helped in Optimizing design. The
adoptability of PEB in the place of Conventional Steel Building (CSB) design concept resulted in many Advantages,
including economy and easier fabrication. A study of different frame types changing different parameters like width,
height, bay spacing, and wind pressure have been analysed& designed by using STAAD pro. To understand the
behaviour of Pre-Engineered structure & to check in which case it achieve the economy in steel quantity by varying
different parameters. Design is done based on IS: 800. Load case considered in modelling are Dead load, Live load,
Wind load and seismic load along with the various combinations as specified in IS. Analysis results are observed for
base reaction, column moment, rafter moment, displacement at ridge, displacement at mid span.
Buildings & houses are one of the oldest construction activities of human beings. The construction technology has
advanced since the beginning from primitive construction technology to the present concept of modern house buildings.
The present construction methodology for buildings calls for the best aesthetic look, high quality & fast construction,
cost effective & innovative touch. Pre Engineered Steel Buildings are manufactured or Produced in the plant itself. The
manufacturing of structural members is done on customer requirements. The detailed structural members are designed
for their respective location and are numbered, which cannot be altered; because members are manufactured with
respect to design features. These components are made in modular or completely knocked condition for transportation.
These materials are transported to the customer site and are erected. Pre-engineered buildings can be adapted to suit a
wide variety of structural applications; the greatest economy will be realized when utilizing standard details. An
efficiently designed pre-engineered building can be lighter than the conventional steel buildings by up to 30%. Lighter
weight equates to less steel and a potential price savings in structural framework.

Keywords- Pre-engineered building (PEB), STAAD.pro software, IS:800

I. INTRODUCTION

Technological improvement over the year has contributed immensely to the enhancement of quality of life through
various new products and services. One such revolution was the pre-engineered buildings. Through its origin can be
traced back to 1960’s its potential has been felt only during the recent years. This was mainly due to the development in
technology, which helped in computerizing the design.In this case, you can use the production system of products
available in a configurable environment and can use technologies and solutions that allow the use of technologies and
durability modules. A collection of testimonials of metal building associations (MBMA) was built in 60% of the
buildings without residential high-rise buildings in Luxembourg's Prefabricated Building Units.Although PEB systems
are extensively used in industrial and many other non-residential constructions worldwide, it is relatively a new concept
in India.

These concepts were introduced to the Indian markets lately in the late 1990’s with the opening up of the economy and a
number of multi nationals setting up their projects. The market potential of PEB’s is 1.2 million tonnes per the current
pre-engineered steel building manufacturing capacity is 0.35 million tonnes per annum.

The industry is growing at the compound rate of 25 to 30 %.With respect to design of the structure and aesthetic
appearance India is way behind. Indian manufacturers are trying to catch up; comparatively PEB’s is a new concept in
India. Beside, in fabrication and other areas of PEB India is very good. As compared to other countries Indian codes for
building design are stringent but safer. IS standards are upgraded continuously. In India, American codes are also
followed. Pre-engineered steel buildings can be fitted with different structural accessories including mezzanine floors,
canopies, interior partitions etc. and the building is made water proof by use of special mastic beads, filler strips and
trims.

This is very versatile buildings systems and can be finished internally to serve any functions and accessorized externally
to achieve attractive and unique designing styles. It is very advantageous over the conventional buildings and is really
helpful in the low rise building design.Pre-engineered buildings are generally low rise buildings however the maximum
eave height can go up to 25 to 30 metres. Low rise buildings are ideal for offices, houses, showrooms, shop fronts etc.

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Volume 5, Issue 04, April-2018, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470, print-ISSN: 2348-6406

The application of pre-engineered buildings concept to low rise buildings is very economical and speedy. Buildings can
be constructed in less than half the normal time especially when complemented with the other engineered sub
systems.The roof of low rise buildings may be flat or sloped. Intermediate floors of low rise buildings are made of
mezzanine systems. Single storied houses for living take minimum time for construction and can be built in any type of
geographical location like extreme cold hilly areas, high rain prone areas, plain land obviously and extreme hot climatic
zones as well.

"Pre-engineered steel buildings" are those that are totally invented within the industrial plant once planning, shipped to
site} in CKD (completely knocked down) condition; and all parts are assembled and erected at a site with nut-bolts,
thereby reducing the time of completion. Pre–engineered means that, typically speaking, is any a part of a structure that's
factory-made first off to its arrival on the building site. The styles were ready-made however the building parts were
either ready-made or factory-made against specific orders. These buildings were pre-designed or 'pre-engineered' into
normal sizes, spans, bays and heights, and use normal details for fixing protection, roofing, gutters, flashing, windows,
doors taking advantage of commercial practices of production of parts economically. Though PEB systems are
extensively utilized in industrial and plenty of different non-residential constructions worldwide, it's comparatively a
brand-new construct in Asian country.

Fig 1 PEB Steel Frame with BM Diagram

Pre-built Steel Buildings are factory-made or made within the plant itself. The producing of structural members is
finished on client needs. The careful structural members are designed for their several locations and are numbered, that
cannot be altered; as a result of members is factory-made with regard to style options. These parts are created in standard
or fully knocked condition for transportation. These materials are transported to the client website and are erected.
Fastening and cutting method aren't performed at the client site.

A frame is a combination of Columns and inclined beams (rafters). There are various type of frames.

Clear Span (Cs): It’s the span length between two columns without any obstruction. It has split Beams with ridge line at
the peak or centre of the building. The maximum practical width or span is up to 90 meters, but it can also be extended
up to 150 meters in case of Aircraft Hangars.

Arched Clear Span: The column is an RF column while the Rafter is curved. It has no ridge line and peak. The curved
roof rafter is used in for aesthetic look. The maximum practical is up to 90meters, but can be extended to 120 meters.
Multi Span (MS1): The Multi spans (MS1) are those which have more than 1 span. The intermediate column is used for
the clear span in which width of each span is called width module.

Arched Multi Span (AMS1): Arched multi span has RF column and a curved Rafter with one intermediate column. It has
width module for the entire span. The multi spans can be extended up to AMS1, AMS2 and AMS3 etc.
Multi Span 2 (MS2): The Multi Span (MS2) has more than one intermediate span. It has three width modules with one
ridge line.

Single Slope: It has two columns with different heights having Roof sloping on both the column.

Multi Gable: Multi gable has two or more spans where no intermediate columns are used. The columns are added to the
extended width and columns are not placed at the ridge lines.

Roof Systems: It has straight columns with Roof having supports are not by TPCA.

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 International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD)
Volume 5, Issue 04, April-2018, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470, print-ISSN: 2348-6406

Lean To: Lean to slopes is used extremely for an extending to a building on either side with short span. The rafters rest
on column designed for lean to on one side and rests on the main column of the building.

Canopy: Canopies are used in case of open ends where there is an easy access. There are columns in straight path having
roof extended to a large length.

II. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objective of the study is carrying out to check the governing load by varying different parameters. To design
industrial pre-fabricated steel structure by Staad Pro. 2007. To design industrial frame by varying width, clear height &
different types of frame. To check the suitability and economy and practical viability of different frame types by
changing the parameters like height and width of frame.

III. PARAMETERS AND STRUCTURE CONFIGURAION

A. Overview of different PEB Frame Type Study

1) Single slope frame
2) Clear span frame
3) Multi span frame
4) Multi gable frame
B. Different parameters
1) Height = 7m, 12m, 17m
2) Width = 15m, 25m, 50m
3) Length of building = 75m

C. Codal Provision
As per IS 800 2007 and taking deflection limit as per code

Table -1 Deflection Limit

Sr. No. Description IS 800-1984 IS 800-2007

Vertical Lateral Vertical Lateral

1 Main Frame L/325 H/325(D.L) L/180 H/150
Main Frame With L/325 H/325 L/180 H/200
Crane (Pendent)
Main Frame With L/325 H/325 L/180 H/400
Crane (Cab
Operated)
2 Crane Beam
Electric<50t L/750 L/750
Electric>50t L/1000 L/1000
3 Wind Column H/325 H/150
4 Mezzanine Beam L/3250 L/240
5 Under Slug Crane L/750 L/750
6 Purlin L/180 L/150
7 Girt L/180 L/150
8 Minimum Thickness
Primary 6 mm 4 mm
Secondary 2 mm 1.6 mm

Slenderness ratio = compression 250

= tension 350

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 International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD)
Volume 5, Issue 04, April-2018, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470, print-ISSN: 2348-6406

IV. METHODOLOGY AND LOADS ON MODELS

The Primary Load or force the design most of the on structures are wind, and earthquake. Structural analysis of a
particular depends upon its location. Situation, environment condition, architectural layout, height, width, usage, client
requirement etc.

A. Dead Load
Weight of purlin : 6.78 kg/m
: 0.048 kN =0.05 kN/m2
Weight of sheeting : 4.33 kg/m2
: 0.044 kN = 0.05 kN/m2
Total uniformly distributed load 0.1*7 =0.7 kN/m
Total Dead Load 0.15 kN/m2

B. Live Load
Live load =0.75 kN/m2 (Angle less than 10 0)

C. Collateral Load
Collateral load = 0.2* 6 =1.2 kN/m (Assumed)

D. Wind Load
Pz = 0.6 Vz2
Vz= K1*K2*K3*Vb
L-Length of building (Greater horizontal dim.Of bldg.) = 75m
Width of building lesser horizontal dim. Of bldg. = 15m
Roof Slope = 1:10
Vb-Basic wind speed =39 m/s
N-Design life of structure; mean probable = 50 year
Terrain Category = 3
Class of Building = C
K1-Risk Coefficient = 1
HT Max Height of building from FGL = 7m
K2-Terrain, Str-height &size factor = 0.87
K3-Topography Factor = 1
Vz-Design wind speed = 33 m/sec
Pz-Design wind pressure = 0.69 kN/m2

Because;
Category1- Exposed open terrain with few or no obstructions having heights less than 1.5m.
Category2- Open terrain with well scattered obstructions having heights between 1.5m.& 10m.
Category3- Terrain with numerous closely spaced obstructions having heights around 10m.
Category4- Terrain with numerous closely spaced high obstructions.

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Class-A - Structure & or compo like cladding, roofing etc. having greatest Hoz. Or Vert. dim < 20m.
Class-B - Structure & or compo like cladding, roofing etc. having greatest Hoz or Vert dim bet 20-50.
Class-C - Structure & or compo like cladding, roofing etc. having greatest Hoz or Vert dim > 50m.
Cpe-External Pressure Coefficient for wall
From Table no. 4 IS 875 (part 3) 1987

Fig 2 Plan and Elevation for Eternal Pressure Coefficient

h/w = 0.467
L/w = 4.000

Cpe-External Pressure Coefficient for Pitched Roof of Single Span Bldg

.
Table -2 External Pressure Coefficient (Cpe) For Pitched Roofs of Rectangular Clad Buildings
Roof Wind Angle = 0o Wind Angle = 90o
Angle EF GH EG FH
5 -0.90 -0.40 -0.80 -0.40
10 -1.20 -0.40 -0.80 -0.60
5.71 -0.94 -0.40 -0.80 -0.43

Fig 3 Roof Angle

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 International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD)
Volume 5, Issue 04, April-2018, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470, print-ISSN: 2348-6406

Table No.5 IS 875 (Part3) -1987

Roof Angle in degrees =5.71
Local coefficient = -2.0
Rigid Frame Coefficient
Table 3 Wind Coefficients
Sr. no. Wind 1 Wind 2 Long Wind Surface

Left Right Left Right 1 2 Friction

1 0.2 -0.75 1.2 0.25 -1 0 0

2 -1.44 -0.90 -0.44 0.10 -1.30 -0.30 0

3 -0.90 -1.44 0.10 -0.44 -1.30 -0.30 0

4 -0.75 0.2 0.25 1.2 -1 0 0

Front/ Back Side Wall

Table 4 Wind Pressure/ Suction front side

Wind Pressure Wind Suction

1.073 -0.894 Column

1.073 -0.894 Grit/Header

1.073 -0.894 Jamb

1.073 -0.894 Panel

1.073 -0.894 Parapet Grit

Edge/ Corner Zone (Mm) = 3750

Local Coefficient = -1.5
Ratio Local to Average = 1.5
Left/Right End Wall

Table 5 Wind pressure / suction left or right side

Wind Pressure Wind Suction

1.073 -0.984 Column

1.073 -0.984 Grit/Header

1.073 -0.984 Jamb
1.073 -0.984 Panel
1.073 -0.984 Parapet Grit

Wind Drag
Cpi-internal pressure coefficient =0.5
Because: openings not more than 5% of wall area =0.2
Openings between 5% to 20% of wall area = 0.5
Openings larger than 20% of wall area = 0.7
Sample wind load calculation for 7m height 20m width 7.5 bay spacing.

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 International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD)
Volume 5, Issue 04, April-2018, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470, print-ISSN: 2348-6406

V. WIND PRESSURE AND LOAD COMBINATION

A. Design Wind Pressure
Table 7 design wind pressure
Pz (Wind Pressure)
eight
kN/m2
7m 0.64
12 m 0.69
17 m 0.76
B. Load combination
Table 6 load combinations
1) DL+LL 6)DL+LL+WEG2
2) DL+LL+CL 7)DL+LL+WEG3
3) DL+WL/EL 8)DL+LL+WEG4
1)DL+WEPR 9)DL+LL+EQ+X
2)DL+WESL 10)DL+LL+EQ-X
3)DL+WESR 11)DL+LL+EQ+Z
4)DL+WEG1 12)DL+LL+EQ-Z
5)DL+WEG2 6) DL+LL+CL+WE/EL
6)DL+WEG3 1)DL+LL+CL+WEPL
7)DL+WEG4 2)DL+LL+CL+WEPR
4) DL+EL 3)DL+LL+CL+WESL
1)DL+EQX+ 4)DL+LL+CL+WESR
2)DL+EX- 5)DL+LL+CL+WEG1
3)DL+EQZ+ 6)DL+LL+CL+WEG2
4)DL+EQZ- 7)DL+LL+CL+WEG3
5) DL+LL+W/E 8)DL+LL+CL+WEG3
1)DL+LL+WEPE 9)DL+LL+CL+WEG4
2)DL+LL+WEPR 10)DL+LL+CL+EQ+X
3)DL+LL+WESL 11)DL+LL+CL+EQ-X
4)DL+LL+WESR 12)DL+LL+CL+EQ+Z
5)DL+LL+WEG1 13)DL+LL+CL+EQ-Z
VI. DESIGN SUMMARY
a) Clear Span Frame
b) Structure Configuration Details
c) Location:Himmatnagar, India.
d) Length : 75 m
e) Width : 15 m
f) Eave height : 7m (clear)
g) Seismic zone : 3
h) Wind speed : 39 m/sec
i) Wind terrain category : 3
j) Wind Class : C
k) Life Span : 50 years
l) Slope of roof : 1:10
m) Soil type : Medium
n) Importance factor : 1
o) Response reduction factor : 4
p) Purlin spacing : 1.5m
q) Girt spacing : 1.5 m

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Fig 4Model of Clear Span Gable Frame

Fig 5 Bending Moment Diagram of Clear Span Gable Frame

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Fig 6S.F diagram clear span gable frame

Fig 7weight of clear span gable frame

I did all the frames according this method.

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 International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD)
Volume 5, Issue 04, April-2018, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470, print-ISSN: 2348-6406

VII. RESULTS

Table 7 results of frames

Types of
Sr.No Parameters Weight in (kN) Weight in (kg)
Frames

1 clear span 7m H & 15m W 9.096 927.792

2 clear span 7m H & 25m W 22.423 2287.146
3 clear span 7m H & 50m W 83.917 8559.534

4 clear span 12m H & 15m W 17.01 1735.02

5 clear span 12m H & 25m W 28.051 2861.202
6 clear span 12m H & 50m W 92.136 9397.872

7 clear span 17m H & 15m W 27.823 2837.946

8 clear span 17m H & 25m W 38.661 3943.422
9 clear span 17m H & 50m W 112.417 11466.53

10 Mono Slope 7m H & 15m W 12.489 1273.878

11 Mono Slope 7m H & 25m W 22.047 2248.794
12 Mono Slope 7m H & 50m W 95.936 9785.472

13 Mono Slope 12m H & 15m W 20.623 2103.546

14 Mono Slope 12m H & 25m W 38.434 3920.268
15 Mono Slope 12m H & 50m W 111.753 11398.81

16 Mono Slope 17m H & 15m W 34.059 3474.018

17 Mono Slope 17m H & 25m W 38.436 3920.472
18 Mono Slope 17m H & 50m W 138.528 14129.86

VIII. CONCLUSION
From the above analysis conclude that
a) In the case of 7m height and 15m width we compared both clear span and mono slope frame and we find that most
economically frame is clear span frame.
b) In the case of 7m height and 25m width we compared both clear span and mono slope frame and we find that most
economically frame is mono slope frame.
c) In the case of 7m height and 50m width we compared both clear span and mono slope frame and we find that most
economically frame is clear span frame.
d) In the case of 12 m height and 15m width we compared both clear span and mono slope frame and we find that most
economically frame is clear span frame.
e) In the case of 12 m height and 25m width we compared both clear span and mono slope frame and we find that most
economically frame is clear span frame.
f) In the case of 12 m height and 50m width we compared both clear span and mono slope frame and we find that most
economically frame is clear span frame.
g) In the case of 17m height and 15m width we compared both clear span and mono slope frame and we find that most
economically frame is clear span frame.
h) In the case of 17m height and 25m width we compared both clear span and mono slope frame and we find that most
economically frame is mono slope frame.
i) In the case of 17m height and 50m width we compared both clear span and mono slope frame and we find that most
economically frame is clear span frame.

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 International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD)
Volume 5, Issue 04, April-2018, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470, print-ISSN: 2348-6406

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