Consultancy Services for Preparation of Feasibility Study (FS) and Detailed Project Report (DPR) On EPC mode for

Construction
of Road Tapa-Karu-Sering-Bagan (New Alignment) From Km 0.00 To Km 68.00 (Net Length 68.00 Kms) Green Field Alignment
to NHSL Specifications In The AOR of 85 RCC Under 756 BRTF Project Arunank in the state of Arunachal Pradesh (2nd Call)

3. METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR THE FEASIBILITY STUDY

3.1 GENERAL

Feasibility Study comprises of Site Surveys as well as Desk Studies of various design
alternatives to arrive at engineering solutions which are:

 Economically Justified

 Considered preferable from Environmental or Social perspective, and

 Its construction and operation can be well managed

As per the terms of reference (TOR), Consultants are required to carry out Engineering
Surveys and Investigations comprising of Topographical survey, Traffic Surveys,
inventory and condition surveys of road and bridges/structures, Geo-technical survey and
material survey, as well as Environmental screening and preliminary environmental
assessment, Initial Social Impact Assessment & preliminary land acquisition/
Resettlement plan, Bill of Quantities (BOQ) including the Preliminary Cost Estimate and
also the Economic and Financial Analysis of the Project Improvement.

Amongst Engineering Surveys and Investigations, Road Inventory Surveys

verify/validate/confirm number and locations of existing features; Road Condition Survey
includes recording of visual pavement surface characteristics and deformations including
cracking, rutting and raveling, pavement roughness measurements, pavement structural
strength using FWD, recording pavement thickness and compositions etc. and Data
Collection of resurfacing/overlays done in past. Bridge Condition Survey indicates
distresses in bridges/other structures, if any, at various components of the structure;
Material & Geotechnical Surveys will be conducted to arrive at Subgrade Soil and Borrow
Soil CBR values, sub-soil strata bearing capacity characteristics at locations where
structures are proposed and identifying locations of material (soil/aggregate/sand/water/
fly ash, bottom ash/slag including manufacturing materials like bitumen, steel, cement
etc.) sources, also carrying out sample tests of intrinsic properties for different materials
and recording approximate lead from project road. Topographic Surveys will be carried
out to ascertain bearings, levels and lengths/distances of all the existing topographical
features.

As per the Terms of reference to the study, the consultants have to study various
alternate alignments at the feasibility stage and then conduct the detailed study of the
alignment option approved by the authority. Accordingly, this feasibility is based on the
reconnaissance surveys, available data, inventory and condition survey of existing
corridor, study of alignment options on satellite imagery, traffic surveys etc. and detailed
surveys like topographic surveys and material investigations will be carried out during
detailed design stage of the project after the approval of the alignment.

3.2 REVIEW OF PAST STUDIES, REPORTS AND DATA

3.2.1 Data on Road Works

Past reports and documents available with BRO for the project road have been collected
and studied for trend analysis and past scenarios. This is important activity for traffic
studies as it gives information of past vehicle numbers and types. For other design
activities of road, past pavement surfacing/ widening of carriageway information and

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Consultancy Services for Preparation of Feasibility Study (FS) and Detailed Project Report (DPR) On EPC mode for Construction
of Road Tapa-Karu-Sering-Bagan (New Alignment) From Km 0.00 To Km 68.00 (Net Length 68.00 Kms) Green Field Alignment
to NHSL Specifications In The AOR of 85 RCC Under 756 BRTF Project Arunank in the state of Arunachal Pradesh (2nd Call)

other associated data viz. accident, road overtopping during heavy rains have been
sought from concerned Govt. departments.

 Hydrological data from CWC and Canal data from concerned Irrigation
departments will be collected after the approval of the Alignment.

 Survey of India Topo sheets have been collected from Survey of India.

 Forest Divisions working plan from Respective Forest Divisions will be collected
after the approval of the Alignment.

3.2.2 Inventory and Condition Survey of Existing Road Corridors

Detailed road inventory surveys have been carried out to collect details of all existing
road and pavement features along the existing road sections. The inventory data
includes but not limited to the following:

a) Terrain (flat, rolling, mountainous);

b) Land-use (agricultural, commercial, forest, residential etc.) @ every 200m

c) Carriageway width, surfacing type @ every 200m and every change of feature
whichever is earlier;

d) Shoulder surfacing type and width @ every 200m and every change of feature
whichever is earlier;

e) Road intersection type and details, at every occurrence

f) Retaining structures and details, at every occurrence

g) Location of water bodies at every occurrence

h) Height of embankment or depth of cut @ every 200m and every change of

feature whichever is earlier

i) Land width (ROW)

j) Culverts, bridges and other structures (type, size, span arrangement and
location)

k) Existing utility services on either side within ROW

l) General drainage conditions

m) Inventory of all road side facilities for the public that is (educational, health,
communication facilities & Government buildings) and road user based facilities.

3.2.3 Data on Existing Bridges/ Structures

Before undertaking field surveys of existing structures, all concerned authorities were
contacted to ascertain the availability of any past inventory and condition survey reports
of existing bridges, sub-surface and geotechnical data, hydraulic data, as-built drawings,
etc. However, substantial past data could not be obtained from any of the agencies and
therefore detailed field survey, site investigation and collection of data were carried out
by the Consultant’s team of Engineers in order to carry out project preparation.

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2
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Feasibility Study (FS) and Detailed Project Report (DPR) On EPC mode for Construction
of Road Tapa-Karu-Sering-Bagan (New Alignment) From Km 0.00 To Km 68.00 (Net Length 68.00 Kms) Green Field Alignment
to NHSL Specifications In The AOR of 85 RCC Under 756 BRTF Project Arunank in the state of Arunachal Pradesh (2nd Call)

3.3 RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY

Subsequent to the collection of the secondary data and its desk study & analysis, a
detailed reconnaissance survey was taken up by the Consultant’s team.

The main objective of reconnaissance survey is to examine the physical features of the
project influence area in terms of land-use pattern, alignment alternatives, traffic pattern
along probable routes, determination of traffic homogeneous links, identifying
congested/habituated sections, critical areas requiring detailed investigations,
requirements of carrying out supplementary investigations, type and extent of utility
services, soil and drainage conditions, probable river/channel crossings and bridge
locations.

The information derived from the above activity was analyzed, for the purpose of
determining the most feasible routes for selection of proposed alignment to cater for
subsequent detailed investigations, as well as selecting Traffic Survey locations. The
survey facilitates in determining any deviations necessary in the basic geometric
standards to be adopted for the proposed highway facility.

3.4 TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY USING LIDAR/ UAV DRONE

The basic objective of the topographic survey is to capture the essential ground features
along the alignment and for working out detailed design, working drawings, quantity and
cost estimation, land acquisition, shifting of utilities, removal of plantation, road side
drainage design and related features. The topographical features mainly include
establishment of permanent traverse stations for GPS and temporary bench marks,
longitudinal section levels, cross sectional levels along with existing alignment,
realignments, cross roads, intersections and streams. The topographical survey will be
carried out as per the scope of work and methodology which is adopted for project
highway with data processing also has been discussed detail in this chapter.

The topographical survey will be carried out using Lidar/UAV/Drone after LAC Stage-1
approval of greenfield alignment. Following steps will be undertaken for topographic
survey.

3.4.1 Approach

3.4.1.1 Approach - Technology

We will use hybrid technology by utilizing the key features & advantage of latest
drone/UAV Photogrammetry technology & Traditional survey technology such as DGPS
& Total station for the fast and high accurate topographical survey for the development of
road corridor.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle is considered as efficient way to carry out aerial survey of the
road project by leveraging the latest technology. The Geographical intelligence captured
by drone technology will help in efficient and accurate road project planning.

3.4.1.2 About - Low Altitude Aerial Mapping System (LAAMS)

The Low altitude aerial mapping systems (LAAMS) which use SKYNETRA UAV
(Unmanned aerial Vehicle) with high quality calibrated camera to capture geo-ref aerial
images and later process them using the PHOTOGRAMMTRY TECHNOLOGY for

Draft Feasibility Study Report

3
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Feasibility Study (FS) and Detailed Project Report (DPR) On EPC mode for Construction
of Road Tapa-Karu-Sering-Bagan (New Alignment) From Km 0.00 To Km 68.00 (Net Length 68.00 Kms) Green Field Alignment
to NHSL Specifications In The AOR of 85 RCC Under 756 BRTF Project Arunank in the state of Arunachal Pradesh (2nd Call)

measurement and create accurate topographical information’s relevant for planning of

the road. System is designed to produce high precision geographical information from air.
Quickly, safely & cost effectively.

3.4.1.3 Features of the Skynetra Aerial Data capture platform

i. SkyNetra – Arial Data Capture Platform

ii. Exact Navigation: AutoPilot with GPS, Glonass & IMU for precise position &
Orientation to ensure aerial survey with high precision.

iii. Exact Flight Planning – Flight planning Application to collect the Road ROW
from the Aerial sensors over project area.

iv. Stable Aerial Photography – 3-Axis Gimbal stabilized high resolution Calibrated
Camera.
Draft Feasibility Study Report
4
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Feasibility Study (FS) and Detailed Project Report (DPR) On EPC mode for Construction
of Road Tapa-Karu-Sering-Bagan (New Alignment) From Km 0.00 To Km 68.00 (Net Length 68.00 Kms) Green Field Alignment
to NHSL Specifications In The AOR of 85 RCC Under 756 BRTF Project Arunank in the state of Arunachal Pradesh (2nd Call)

3.4.2 Methodology

3.4.2.1 Project Planning

The detailed project planning will be done after visiting the whole length of alignment by
understanding the road conditions and marking the area to be surveyed, geographical
challenges, point of interests, tentative location of the controls. Based on the information
an inception report will be submitted to the client containing detailed work plan,
mobilization plan, permission coordinating with client etc.

3.4.2.2 DGPS Survey

Primary Control Points

Primary control pillars shall be constructed in pairs at 5.00 km interval for the
establishment of co- ordinates. Permanent Bench Mark will be fixed at any nearby
safe location or considered from any existing Permanent Building to be constructed
nearby proposed alignment.

Dual frequency global positing system will be used to survey and locate the control
pillar at 5KM with the accuracy of 1 CM. RCC pillar will be fixed as per dimension.

3.4.2.3 Total Station Survey

Secondary Controls Points

Total Station will be used to survey the existing road alignment and make the secondary
control location at every 250 M and a RCC piller will be fixed as per dimension mentioned
in the Scope.

3.4.2.4 Aerial Photogrammetry Survey

Step-1: Flight Planning

Planning of flight using flight planning application involves the Geographical Analysis of
the area of Interest for elevation, forest, habitation etc. Flight Planning including flying
height, Image Resolution, Overlaps etc.

Step-2 : Flying Operation

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Consultancy Services for Preparation of Feasibility Study (FS) and Detailed Project Report (DPR) On EPC mode for Construction
of Road Tapa-Karu-Sering-Bagan (New Alignment) From Km 0.00 To Km 68.00 (Net Length 68.00 Kms) Green Field Alignment
to NHSL Specifications In The AOR of 85 RCC Under 756 BRTF Project Arunank in the state of Arunachal Pradesh (2nd Call)

Flight planning operation involves the Setup of the Skynetra flying platform, Validating
the flight planning, transferring flight plan in Auto Pilot, Takeoff, landing and data
transfer from UAV to PC and preliminary validation of captured data.

Step-4 : Photogrammetry Processing

About Technology: Photogrammetry is the science of making measurements from

photographs, especially for recovering the exact positions of surface points.
Stereo- photogrammetry, involves estimating the three-dimensional coordinates of
points on an object employing measurements made in two or more photographic
images taken from different positions.

World class state-of-art Infrastructure with photogrammetry softwares INPHO

(Germany) & Socet-Set (BAE System, UK), The products such as Digital Elevation
Models, Digital Terrain Model, 3D Maps, Contours, Orthophotos can be developed
for future analysis.

Sub Process & Output:

A. Camera Calibration: Camera calibration process is done to know the

essential camera parameter for photogrammetry processing.

o Calibrated focal length, Principal point offset, redial and symmetric distortion,
pixel size, each photo size.

B. Aero triangulation process is done to refine the exterior orientation parameter

using the ground control points.

o Relative and Absolute accuracy assessment need to be done as per

international mapping standards

C. Creating a Digital Elevation Model Using mass points and break lines at
every elevation change such as embankments, slopes, retaining walls, water
features etc.

D. 3D Feature Extraction is done (No of Levels and Levels of details depends on

the application area) (Detailed map list may have 200 levels).

o Features such as Edge of the Roads, Railway line and assets, Buildings,
Fences, Wall, Water Bodies, Tree / Vegetation, Manhole, Electricity poles,
trails, paved area, unpaved areas.

o Identify everything which is permanent of the ground and MAP

E. Orthophoto is developed accordingly to the resolution of the raw imagery by

process of Orthophoto rectification using the corrected DTM.
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Consultancy Services for Preparation of Feasibility Study (FS) and Detailed Project Report (DPR) On EPC mode for Construction
of Road Tapa-Karu-Sering-Bagan (New Alignment) From Km 0.00 To Km 68.00 (Net Length 68.00 Kms) Green Field Alignment
to NHSL Specifications In The AOR of 85 RCC Under 756 BRTF Project Arunank in the state of Arunachal Pradesh (2nd Call)

Draft Feasibility Study Report

7
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Feasibility Study (FS) and Detailed Project Report (DPR) On EPC mode for Construction
of Road Tapa-Karu-Sering-Bagan (New Alignment) From Km 0.00 To Km 68.00 (Net Length 68.00 Kms) Green Field Alignment
to NHSL Specifications In The AOR of 85 RCC Under 756 BRTF Project Arunank in the state of Arunachal Pradesh (2nd Call)

3.4.3 Deliverable

(a) Topographical Base map at 1:500 scale covering all features including but not
limited to buildings and structures, monuments, burial grounds, cremation
grounds, places of worship, railway lines, stream/river/canal, water mains,
severs, gas/oil pipes, crossings, trees, plantations, utility services such as
electric, and telephone lines and poles. The survey will cover the entire right-of-
way of the road on the adequate allowance for possible shifting of the central
lines at some of the intersection’s locations. In dwg / dgn / dxf / ESRI Shape
Format.

(b) Sub meter Contours at 25 cm interval with Spot Elevation Grid at Every 2 Meter
in dwg / dgn / dxf Format.

(c) Orthophoto (Mosaic in ECW / JPEG2000 and Tiles in Tiff Format) (Compatible to
Road CAD software).

(d) Digital Terrain Model (TIN Format / DGN /DWG) (Compatible to Road CAD
software).

(e) Digital Elevation Model with Level Grid at every 1 M (ASCII Format / ARC GRID
format / Tiff Format) (Compatible to Road CAD software).

3.4.4 The surveyed alignment shall be transferred on to the ground

(a) Reference Pillar and Bench Mark/ Reference pillar of size 15 cm X 15 cm X 45cm
shall be cast in RCC of grade M 15 with a nail fixed in the centre of the top
surface. The reference pillar shall be embedded in concrete up to a depth of
30cm with CC M10 (5 cm wide all around). The balance 15 cm above ground
shall be painted yellow. The spacing shall be 250m apart, incase Bench Mark
Pillar coincides with Reference Pillar, only one of the two need be provided.

(b) Establishing Bench marks at site connected to GTS Bench marks at an interval of
250 meters on Bench mark pillar made of RCC as mentioned above with RL and
BM No. marked on it with red paint.

Longitudinal and Cross-Sections

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Consultancy Services for Preparation of Feasibility Study (FS) and Detailed Project Report (DPR) On EPC mode for Construction
of Road Tapa-Karu-Sering-Bagan (New Alignment) From Km 0.00 To Km 68.00 (Net Length 68.00 Kms) Green Field Alignment
to NHSL Specifications In The AOR of 85 RCC Under 756 BRTF Project Arunank in the state of Arunachal Pradesh (2nd Call)

The topographic surveys for longitudinal and cross-sections shall cover the following:

(a) Longitudinal section levels along final centre line at every 25m interval, at the
locations of curve points, small streams, and intersections and at the locations of
change in elevation.

(b) Cross sections at every 50m interval in full extent of survey covering sufficient
number of spot levels on existing carriageway and adjacent ground for profile
correction course and earth work calculations. Cross sections shall be taken at
closer interval at curves.

(c) Longitudinal section for cross roads for length adequate for design and quantity
estimation purposes.

(d) Longitudinal and cross sections for major and minor streams shall cover Cross
section of the channel at the site of proposed crossing and few cross sections at
suitable distance both upstream and downstream, bed level up to top of banks
and ground levels to a sufficient distance beyond the edges of channel, nature of
existing surface soil in bed, banks & approaches, longitudinal section of channel
showing site of bridge etc. These shall be as per recommendations contained in
IRC Special Publication No. 13 (Guidelines for the Design of Small Bridges and
Culverts) and provisions of IRC:5 (“Standard Specifications & Code of Practice
for Road Bridges, Section 1 – General Features of Design”).

3.5 TRAFFIC SURVEYS

To capture traffic flow characteristics and travel pattern of users passing through the
project road, the following primary traffic surveys were conducted.

 Classified Traffic Volume Count Survey (CVC);

 Axle Load Survey (AXL);

3.5.1 Classified Traffic Volume Counts

Classified Traffic Volume data available with IHMCL for the intersecting NH will be used;
however Automatic Traffic Classified Counts (ATCC) will be carried out for 7 days (24hrs-
direction wise) at survey station wherever data is not available. Manual Survey for 7 days
will be carried out on surrounding network (24hrs- direction wise) wherever ATCC
equipment cannot be used due to site constraints. The vehicle classification system will
be followed as per IRC guidelines. The ATCC equipment's functioning would be
monitored by technicians. Manual survey would consist of counting of each category of
vehicle in both directions for successive 15 minutes periods. Counts and recording of
data (by manual tally-marking) would be done by trained enumerators in two shifts of 12
hours each per day under the presence of supervisors.
The method and vehicle classification used for all the traffic surveys are based on TOR,
IRC Guidelines IRC: 64-1990 and IRC: SP-41:1994.
Analysis of traffic survey data would give the following traffic information on project road.
 Average Daily Traffic (ADT)
 Traffic composition

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Consultancy Services for Preparation of Feasibility Study (FS) and Detailed Project Report (DPR) On EPC mode for Construction
of Road Tapa-Karu-Sering-Bagan (New Alignment) From Km 0.00 To Km 68.00 (Net Length 68.00 Kms) Green Field Alignment
to NHSL Specifications In The AOR of 85 RCC Under 756 BRTF Project Arunank in the state of Arunachal Pradesh (2nd Call)

 Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT)

 Identification of traffic homogenous sections
 Directional distribution of ADT
The AADT shall be worked out by applying seasonal variation factors to the ADT. The
seasonal variation factor shall be obtained from past traffic data, if available or from other
secondary data like, fuel sales in the project influence area.
Typical survey format containing information as per TOR is furnished in Quality
Assurance Plan (QAP) document.
3.5.2 Turning Movement Count Survey at Intersections
The intersection turning movement survey shall be conducted at major intersections
along the project road to obtain information on classified turning movements of traffic at
those intersections along the highway. Classified traffic volume counts of all vehicle types
would be made separately for all turning movements from each approach as per
guidelines given in IRC SP-41:1994. The survey would be conducted by recording traffic
for each successive 15-minute interval, for 24 hours on working days with the help of
trained enumerators. Each turning movement at the intersection would be recorded by
deploying enumerators in sufficient numbers at suitable locations. The data on daily
turning flow and peak hour turning flows would be used to understand the movement of
traffic in the surrounding road network as well as for design of intersections.
3.5.3 Origin – Destination and Commodity Movement Surveys
The origin-destination survey shall be carried out with the primary objective of studying
the travel pattern of goods and passenger traffic along the study corridor. The O-D
surveys will be carried out for 24 hours in weekdays along with the classified traffic
volume counts at same locations. Roadside interview method will be adopted for the
survey in which the vehicles will be stopped on random sample basis with the help of
police, and trained enumerators will interview the drivers to obtain the required data
(origin, destination, trip length, trip purpose, commodity type, frequency, etc. as
applicable for different vehicle types).
The results of this survey will be useful for identifying the influence area of the project
road, as well as in estimating the growth of traffic operating between different O-D pairs.
Separate O-D matrices for each mode shall be generated for the observed sample first
and then for the total volume of traffic observed by expending the sample O-D matrices.
Analysis of O-D data would give the following traffic information on project road:

 Major trip generating zones within the project influence area and its share in total trips

 Lead and load pattern of the vehicular movement on the project alignment

 Type of commodities moving on the project alignment

 Frequency and purpose of travel

3.5.4 Origin-Destination Survey

The Origin-Destination survey was carried out with the primary objective of studying the
travel pattern of goods and passenger traffic along the new alignment and the
connecting. The results have also been useful for identifying
Draft Feasibility Study Report
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Consultancy Services for Preparation of Feasibility Study (FS) and Detailed Project Report (DPR) On EPC mode for Construction
of Road Tapa-Karu-Sering-Bagan (New Alignment) From Km 0.00 To Km 68.00 (Net Length 68.00 Kms) Green Field Alignment
to NHSL Specifications In The AOR of 85 RCC Under 756 BRTF Project Arunank in the state of Arunachal Pradesh (2nd Call)

the influence of connecting road over the project road, and also for estimating the growth
rates of traffic and diversion of traffic on the project road.

The O-D survey was carried out for one day (24 hours) at three locations simultaneously
along with the classified traffic volume count survey. Roadside interview method was
adopted for the survey. The vehicles were stopped on random sample basis with the help
of police, and trained enumerators interviewed the drivers to obtain the required data.
During the surveys the information pertaining to trip length, commodity types, loading
pattern and trip purpose as applicable for various vehicle types were recorded.

3.5.5 Axle Load Survey

Axle Load Survey would be carried out at the identified locations. The main purpose for
carrying out the survey is to assess the loading pattern on the corridor and to estimate
Axle Load Spectrum as well as Vehicle Damage Factor of the commercial vehicle likely to
use the road.

During the survey, commercial vehicles, i.e. 2-Axle, 3-Axle, Multi Axle Trucks and a few
Buses, would be weighed on random sampling basis. The vehicles will be stopped with
the help of police and the drivers will be directed to stop their vehicles in such a way that
wheel of each axle can be weighed using portable Axle Load Weighing Pad. Readings
would be recorded by trained enumerators.

The surveys will be carried out for duration of 2 normal days (48 Hours).

Typical survey format containing information as per TOR is furnished in QAP document.

3.5.6 Speed and Delay Survey

To quantify the problems of congestion and the causes for delay, speed and delay study
will be conducted on the entire project stretch. For this purpose, the project road would
be divided into homogenous sections of traffic mix, roadside developments, road
conditions and geometry, etc. Vehicle-borne enumerators will note down the time at each
control point, while moving in each direction along with reasons for slow movement below
20kmph, wherever such situation occurs. Average of runs will be used to obtain average
running speed of each section along the project road.

This information will be helpful in considering suitable remedial measures to improve on

any existing bottleneck at the time of design and planning a suitable circulation plan for
local and through traffic movement throughout the project road sections.

3.5.7 Transport Demand Forecast

The calibrated network, along with each expressway alignment option developed and
superimposed on it, has been used to distribute the trip ends; and obtaining the horizon
year O-D matrices for different modes. These matrices, when assigned to the road
network provided the expressway traffic in various sections of the expressway for the
horizon years.

3.5.8 Other Surveys

In addition to the above-mentioned surveys following additional surveys will be conducted

 Assessment of truck parking requirements along the project road & way side amenities

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Consultancy Services for Preparation of Feasibility Study (FS) and Detailed Project Report (DPR) On EPC mode for Construction
of Road Tapa-Karu-Sering-Bagan (New Alignment) From Km 0.00 To Km 68.00 (Net Length 68.00 Kms) Green Field Alignment
to NHSL Specifications In The AOR of 85 RCC Under 756 BRTF Project Arunank in the state of Arunachal Pradesh (2nd Call)

 Pedestrian crossing counts to identify the requirements of pedestrian crossing facilities

3.6 INVESTIGATIONS FOR BRIDGES AND STRUCTURE

The inventory & condition survey of existing bridges & all cross-drainage works will be
done by 2 teams consisting of a Senior Bridge Engineer, a two Junior Engineers and
supporting staff carried out as per data prescribed in IRC: SP: 35-1990. Standard formats
based on the given data were prepared. Instruments and tools such as measuring tapes,
GPS devise, Hilti, plumb bob, small hammer, mirror and camera were used for the
survey. The data collected will be analyzed and strategy proposed for treatment of each
structure in terms of maintenance, rehabilitation or replacement during widening and
improvement. Various details of individual structures/culverts taken at site are as under-

 Location and Number

 No. of Span and Span Length
 Type of substructure
 Type of superstructure
 Carriageway width and total width of bridge
 Skew / Non-skew
 Submersible / High level bridge.
 Type of stream crossing
 Source and destination of stream.
 HFL
 General condition
 Type of strata.
 Year of construction.
 Approach section
 Protection details
3.6.1 Hydraulic & Hydrological Investigations

1. General

Main objective of hydrology is to determine anticipated flood and other parameters such
as Design Discharge, Flow Velocity, HFL, and Scour Depth. Bridge structure shall be
designed so as to cater for the anticipated floods without endangering the structure. The
hydrological and hydraulic studies shall be carried out in accordance with IRC Special
Publication No. 13-2004 (“Guidelines for the Design of Small Bridges and Culverts”) and
IRC: 5-2015 (“Standard Specifications & Code of Practice for Road Bridges, Section- I
(“General Feature of Design”) and specific Flood Estimation Report for particular Sub-
Zone published by the Directorate of Hydrology (Small Catchment) Central Water
Commission¸ New-Delhi¸ Government of India. Detailed Hydrological Investigations for all
Structures shall be done in Hydrology report.

2. Data Collection

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Consultancy Services for Preparation of Feasibility Study (FS) and Detailed Project Report (DPR) On EPC mode for Construction
of Road Tapa-Karu-Sering-Bagan (New Alignment) From Km 0.00 To Km 68.00 (Net Length 68.00 Kms) Green Field Alignment
to NHSL Specifications In The AOR of 85 RCC Under 756 BRTF Project Arunank in the state of Arunachal Pradesh (2nd Call)

The various essential data shall be collected for hydrological investigation. Catchment
area will be calculated from the Topo sheets available. Highest flood level will be
observed and measured during site visit supplemented by local enquiry. Attempts shall
be made to collect the data of existing bridge and their performance during past floods
from the Governing Departments.

3. Estimation of Flood Discharge

The most common methods to estimate the flood discharge are as under:

a) Empirical Method

b) Rational Method

c) Unit Hydrograph

d) Area Velocity Method

a) Empirical Method:

Dicken’s Formula can be used for the project area, as per IRC SP-13:

Q = C M 3/4

Where,

Q = Peak run-off in m3/sec

M = Catchment area in Sq.Km.

C = Coefficient of run-off, depends upon annual rainfall

The catchment area M is determined from the Topo sheet, Coefficient of run-off ‘C’ is
determined from IRC SP-13 depending upon the intensity of rainfall. This formula gives a
simplified approach and results are approximate. Comparisons are made with alternative
methods for important structures.

b) Flood assessment based on rational approach:

The rational formula for assessment of peak discharge from project catchment takes into
account rainfall, runoff under various circumstances, and time of concentration and
critical intensity of rainfall. Basic formulae are as under:

One hour rainfall (Io), Io = (F/T) *(T+1) / (1+1)

Critical rainfall intensity Ic = Io* (2 / (1+tc))

Discharge, Q = 0.028* P*f* A*Ic

Time of concentration, tc = (0.87*L3 / H) 0.385

Where,

tc = Time of concentration i.e. time taken by runoff from farthest point on the periphery of
catchment (hrs)
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Consultancy Services for Preparation of Feasibility Study (FS) and Detailed Project Report (DPR) On EPC mode for Construction
of Road Tapa-Karu-Sering-Bagan (New Alignment) From Km 0.00 To Km 68.00 (Net Length 68.00 Kms) Green Field Alignment
to NHSL Specifications In The AOR of 85 RCC Under 756 BRTF Project Arunank in the state of Arunachal Pradesh (2nd Call)

Io = One hour rainfall in cm

Ic = Critical intensity of rainfall in cm per hour

P = Coefficient of runoff for the catchment characteristics (Ref: Table - 4.1, P-13 and IRC
SP: 13-2004)

A = Catchment area in hectare

Q = Maximum discharge in cumecs

L = Distance from the critical point to the structure (Length of path in Km)

H = The difference in level from the critical point to the structure in meter

F= Maximum rain fall in mm

T = Duration of storm in hours

f = A fraction of maximum point intensity at the centre of the storm and related with the
catchment area (Determined from Fig.4.2, Page-14, IRC: SP: 13-2004.)

In the present study, storm rainfall and storm duration data of 100 Years return period
shall be utilized from design flood hydrograph of nearby project sites, developed on the
basis of Hydro-meteorological studies as per relevant Flood estimation reports of the
particular region/area.

c) Unit Hydrograph approach for assessment of design flood discharge:

The unit hydrograph (UG) of a drainage basin is defined as the direct runoff (outflow)
hydrograph resulting from one unit of effective rainfall which is uniformly distributed over
the basin at a uniform rate during the specified period of time known as unit time or unit
duration.

This method is applicable for Catchment area varying between 15-25 Sq. Km to 2500-
5000 Sq. Km. In present study, the design discharge calculations shall be done for 100
Years return period.

d) Area Velocity Method

The area velocity method uses Manning’s formula (as per IRC SP:13-2004 manually for
calculating flow velocity as under.

Q=AxV

V = (1/n) R2/3 S1/2

Where,

Q = Peak run-off in m3/sec

A = Cross sectional area of flow

V = Velocity of flow

n = Rigidity coefficient
Draft Feasibility Study Report
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Consultancy Services for Preparation of Feasibility Study (FS) and Detailed Project Report (DPR) On EPC mode for Construction
of Road Tapa-Karu-Sering-Bagan (New Alignment) From Km 0.00 To Km 68.00 (Net Length 68.00 Kms) Green Field Alignment
to NHSL Specifications In The AOR of 85 RCC Under 756 BRTF Project Arunank in the state of Arunachal Pradesh (2nd Call)

R = Hydraulic mean radius = A / P

P = Wetted perimeter

S = Energy slope which may be taken equal to bed slope

Cross sections of the streams are taken both upstream and downstream at a distance as
specified in IRC SP -13 by Topo survey in the field. Longitudinal slope of the bed is also
calculated by taking long section over a reasonably long reach of the stream. HFL can be
observed in the field by flood marks and local enquiry. This formula gives fairy
reasonable estimation of flood discharge.

4. Design Discharge

Design discharge is fixed as per provisions of Clause 6.2 of IRC SP-13. The values of
peak discharge calculated by above methods are compared. The highest of these values
is adopted as design discharge, provided it does not exceed the next highest discharge
by more than 50 percent. If it does, restrict it to that limit.

5. Scour Depth

Determination of scour depth is important factor for deciding depth of foundation and
shall be derived as per Cl. 703.2 of IRC: 78 – 2014 according to which:

dsm =1.34 x ( Db2 / Ksf )1/3

Where,

dsm = Mean depth of scour

Db = Design discharge per meter width of effective waterway

Ksf = Silt factor of bed material,

The maximum depth of scour below the highest flood Level (HFL) for the design of piers
and abutments located in a straight reach and having individual foundations without any
floor protection works is taken as under.

In the vicinity of piers = 2.0 dsm

Near abutments = 1.27 dsm

For Raft foundation = 1.0 dsm

6. Vertical Clearance

Provision of Vertical clearance in bridges above HFL shall be kept as per IRC SP-13,
Clause 12.3 as under.

Table 3.1: Vertical Clearance

Discharge in m3/s Minimum Vertical clearance in m

Up to 0.30 0.15

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Consultancy Services for Preparation of Feasibility Study (FS) and Detailed Project Report (DPR) On EPC mode for Construction
of Road Tapa-Karu-Sering-Bagan (New Alignment) From Km 0.00 To Km 68.00 (Net Length 68.00 Kms) Green Field Alignment
to NHSL Specifications In The AOR of 85 RCC Under 756 BRTF Project Arunank in the state of Arunachal Pradesh (2nd Call)

Discharge in m3/s Minimum Vertical clearance in m

Above 0.3 and up to 3.0 0.45
Above 3 and above 30 0.6
Above 30 and up to 300 0.9
Above 300 and up to 3000 1.2
Above 3000 1.5

However, for clarity, it is emphasized that no changes are envisaged in existing

structures unless reconstruction is involved.

7. Condition Surveys for Bridges, Culverts and Structures

The Bridge Specialist and his team has thoroughly inspect all bridges and structures as
per IRC-SP:35-1990 and IRC-SP:40. Identification of deterioration/damage to the bridges
will include spalling of concrete, visible cracks, state of bearings (neoprene pads in
particular), bridge deck transversal joints and bridge deck features such as railing, curbs,
wearing course etc., marks on abutments for flood levels etc. All deterioration will be
noted, photographed and measured; concurrently, the team will consult the design and
construction reports, where available, in order to evaluate the design local capacity of the
bridges.

The necessary surveys and investigations to establish the remaining service life of each
retainable bridge or structure, with and without the proposed strengthening and
rehabilitation, will be carried out according to acceptable international practice in this
regard.

Evaluation of load carrying capacity will be carried out as per IRC-SP:37.

We shall carry out a detailed inspection of every bridge and other structures as per
IRC:SP: 35 and IRC:SP:52.

We shall indicate the distresses observed in respect of various components of the

structures e.g. bearings, expansion joints, wearing coat railings/crash-barriers,
foundation, substructures (abutments, piers, pier caps), superstructure.

3.6.2 Geo-technical investigations at Structure Locations

To evaluate the subsoil properties needed for the design of foundations, detailed geo-
technical investigations need to be conducted at all bridges, ROB’s, flyovers,
underpasses, ROBs, embankment locations along the project road. As per term of
reference, the minimum scope followed for geo-technical investigations for bridges &
other structures is as under:

Table 3.2: Borehole Location

S. No. Description Location of Boring

1 Overall Length = 6 to 30 m One abutment location
One abutment location & at least one
2 Overall Length = 30 to 60 m intermediate location between abutments for
structures having more than one span

Draft Feasibility Study Report

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Consultancy Services for Preparation of Feasibility Study (FS) and Detailed Project Report (DPR) On EPC mode for Construction
of Road Tapa-Karu-Sering-Bagan (New Alignment) From Km 0.00 To Km 68.00 (Net Length 68.00 Kms) Green Field Alignment
to NHSL Specifications In The AOR of 85 RCC Under 756 BRTF Project Arunank in the state of Arunachal Pradesh (2nd Call)

3 Overall Length > 60 m Each abutment and each pier locations

The depth of boring shall be conducted as per provision in IRC: 78-2014, MORTH
specification. The Depth of bore-Logs is based on expected type of foundation.

Deep Foundation:-

In case of deep foundation, the depth of bore may be increased suitably in view of other
deeper foundation which shall be not less than:

a. 1.5 times the estimated length of pile/well in soil but not less than 15.0m beyond
the probable length of pile

b. 15 times the diameter of pile in weak/ jointed rock but minimum of 15.0m in such
rock.

In case of open foundation, the bore hole shall be done as per IRC: 78 i.e. 1.5 times the
width of the foundation below the proposed foundation level.

Open Foundation:-

In case of open foundation, the bore hole shall be done as per IRC: 78 i.e. 1.5 times the
width of the foundation below the proposed foundation level. The depth of drilling/ boring
shall be 5.0m in soft rock & 3.0m in hard rock.

3.6.3 Material Investigations

1. The Consultant will identify sources (including use of fly-ash/ slag), quarry sites
and borrow areas, undertake field and laboratory testing of the materials to
determine their suitability for various components of the work and establish
quality and quantity of various construction materials and recommend their use
on the basis of techno- economic principles. The Consultant will prepare mass
haul diagram for haulage purposes giving quarry charts indicating the location of
selected borrow areas, quarries and the respective estimated quantities.

“Environment friendly materials”

“As per MORTH circular No. RW /NH-33044/53/2013-S&R(R) dated 20th

November, 2013, alternative pavement materials and technologies for road
construction shall be assessed and compared in the design stage. The
alternative resulting in substantial reduction in GHG emission and with least life
cycle cost shall be recommended for implementation.

Technical and economic feasibility of using industrial byproducts, recyclable and

waste materials shall be assessed depending on their availability in the
concerned region.

2. It is to be ensured that no material shall be used from the right-of-way except by

way of leveling the ground as required from the construction point of view, or for
landscaping and planting of trees etc. or from the cutting of existing ground for
obtaining the required formation levels.

3. Environmental restrictions, if any, and feasibility of availability of these sites to

prospective civil works contractors, should be duly taken into account while
selecting new quarry locations.

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Consultancy Services for Preparation of Feasibility Study (FS) and Detailed Project Report (DPR) On EPC mode for Construction
of Road Tapa-Karu-Sering-Bagan (New Alignment) From Km 0.00 To Km 68.00 (Net Length 68.00 Kms) Green Field Alignment
to NHSL Specifications In The AOR of 85 RCC Under 756 BRTF Project Arunank in the state of Arunachal Pradesh (2nd Call)

4. The Consultant will make suitable recommendations regarding making the

borrow and quarry areas after the exploitation of materials for construction of
works.

5. The Material Investigation aspect shall include preparation and testing of

bituminous mixes for various layers and concrete mixes of different design mix
grades using suitable materials (binders, aggregates, sand filler etc.) as identified
during Material Investigation to conform to latest MoRTH & specification.

3.7 METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR BRIDGES/ STRUCTURES

3.7.1 Collection of data from secondary sources

Various government departments were approached to obtain from them the details of
existing bridges, their condition, proposals for their repairs, replacement or widening if
any, under consideration.

3.7.2 Inventory and condition survey

Inventory of all the existing bridges/structures has been carried out as per provisions of
IRC: SP-35 and also the required parameters has been collected which help in adopting
a scientific approach for retention / repair & rehabilitation / reconstruction and widening of
existing structures. Inventory gives technical and administrative data for each structure
such as name, location, administrative unit, type of road, construction data and technical
data such as overall length, details of spans, waterway, type of foundations, type of
substructure and superstructure carriageway width, overall deck width, design loading,
structure classification and functioning of structure in the past both from hydraulic and
structural considerations. Inventory will help in deciding the geometry, configuration and
structural framework of new structures and widening of existing structure if necessary.

A preliminary visual inspection of bridges and other structures has been carried out as
per provision of Appendix 4 of IRC: SP-35 in order to assess their present condition from
functional, structural and serviceability requirements. Based on distresses, if any,
observed during inspection, the bridges will be categorized as under:

 With minor distresses not affecting the structural behavior

 With major distresses and consequently needing thorough examination

The structures where the extent of distress has a consequent effect on the structural
adequacy will be identified for detailed inspection to be carried out. Only the visible
portion above ground or water level will be examined. Preliminary repair plans based on
preliminary designs will be prepared along with likely cost for approval of BROI
authorities. Those structures which are beyond economical repair will be specially
identified for replacement.

3.7.3 Retention / replacement of existing bridges

Based on the data so collected it is possible to decide upon retention or replacement of

existing bridges. Railway level crossings and major road crossings requiring bridges and
structures of suitable lengths were identified.

Draft Feasibility Study Report

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Consultancy Services for Preparation of Feasibility Study (FS) and Detailed Project Report (DPR) On EPC mode for Construction
of Road Tapa-Karu-Sering-Bagan (New Alignment) From Km 0.00 To Km 68.00 (Net Length 68.00 Kms) Green Field Alignment
to NHSL Specifications In The AOR of 85 RCC Under 756 BRTF Project Arunank in the state of Arunachal Pradesh (2nd Call)

3.7.4 Planning of New Bridges

Where the existing bridge is proposed to be replaced is on a straight alignment the new
bridge shall be provided at the site of existing bridge. In such cases the span
arrangement has been chosen such that foundations of new bridge do not interfere with
those of existing bridge. In such cases the construction of new bridge can be taken up
after completion of a temporary diversion.

In cases where it has been possible to slightly shift the alignment towards upstream or
downstream side without jeopardizing the geometry of road new bridge has been
proposed in the vicinity of existing bridge either on upstream or on downstream. In such
cases there will be no need to provide any diversion as the traffic can continue to ply over
existing bridge till the new bridge is ready.

The existing bridge would be dismantled or abandoned only after the new bridge is
commissioned.

Where altogether new bridges are proposed (on realignment) siting of minor bridges has
been governed by road alignment. However, in case of major bridges guidelines given in
Ministry’s Pocket Book for Engineers has been followed as detailed below.

 Permanency of the channel.

 Presence of high and stable banks.

 Narrowness of the channel and average depth compared to maximum

depth.

 Straight reach of the river towards u/s and d/s of the proposed site to the
extent possible.

 Freedom from islands or any form of obstruction both towards u/s and d/s

 Possibility of right-angled crossings.

 To ensure proper geometrics of approach roads.

Deck Width

For the alignment options where the project road is to be developed as per 2-lane
standards, hence keeping in view the provisions of Manual for 2-laning of Highways i.e.
IRC: SP:73-2018 carriageway width of bridge 7m.

0.5 7.0 1.0 0.5

Paved Paved
Shoulder Carriageway Shoulder

Crash Crash
Barrier Barrier

Draft Feasibility Study Report

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Consultancy Services for Preparation of Feasibility Study (FS) and Detailed Project Report (DPR) On EPC mode for Construction
of Road Tapa-Karu-Sering-Bagan (New Alignment) From Km 0.00 To Km 68.00 (Net Length 68.00 Kms) Green Field Alignment
to NHSL Specifications In The AOR of 85 RCC Under 756 BRTF Project Arunank in the state of Arunachal Pradesh (2nd Call)

Figure 3.1: Cross Section of Bridge Deck Level-with Footpath 2-Lane width Paved
Shoulder
For bridges having Girder type superstructure or having pile/ well foundation were
widening of bridge is not feasible and structure width is adequate for 2-lane traffic.

Span Arrangement

In case the existing bridge proposed to be replaced is hydraulically adequate the length
of new bridge has been kept the same. In case the new bridge is proposed to be
constructed on existing alignment after dismantling an existing bridge, span length as
large as possible has been proposed keeping in view the soil data and proposed type of
structure. However, if the new bridge is constructed in the vicinity of existing bridge the
span length for new bridge has been kept the same or in multiples of the span length of
existing bridge so that piers of new bridge are in line with those of existing bridge to
ensure streamline of flow. Efforts has been made to adopt as large spans as possible to
improve riding quality keeping in view the type of founding strata met with at site.

3.7.5 Framing of Proposals

 For overall configuration of bridges and structures stipulations in IRC: SP: 73 -

2018 – Manual of Specifications and Standards for two Lanning of Highways with
paved Shoulder through Public Private Partnership have been kept in view.

 Overall lengths of new bridges have been fixed on the basis of hydraulic studies
for the respective streams. Span arrangement, type of superstructure,
substructure and foundations are fixed on the basis of hydraulic data and sub-soil
properties.

 Type of existing bridges viz. their span arrangement, type of superstructure,

substructure and foundations whether open or deep have been also kept in view
while deciding upon the type of proposed structures.

All the Rail crossings have been proposed with ROB / RUB, further ROBs / RUBs have
been planned in accordance with MOU between Ministry of Railways and Ministry of
Road Transport and Highway dated 10th November. 2014. As far as possible RDSO
standard composite type superstructure having steel girders and RCC deck slab or
RDSO standard Bow String Girder and RCC deck slab to be adopted as per guidelines
issued by Railways.

Draft Feasibility Study Report

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Consultancy Services for Preparation of Feasibility Study (FS) and Detailed Project Report (DPR) On EPC mode for Construction
of Road Tapa-Karu-Sering-Bagan (New Alignment) From Km 0.00 To Km 68.00 (Net Length 68.00 Kms) Green Field Alignment
to NHSL Specifications In The AOR of 85 RCC Under 756 BRTF Project Arunank in the state of Arunachal Pradesh (2nd Call)

3.8 ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING AND PRELIMINARY ENVIRONMENTAL

ASSESSMENT

Environment includes the three components physical, biological and the socio-economic
environment. Environmental screening is first stage of Environmental Impact
Assessment. The objective of the Environmental Screening is:

 to determine the category of the project depending on the length, extent of land
acquisition, location, sensitivity and magnitude of its potential environmental
impacts;

 to determine the appropriate extent and type of Environmental Assessment (EA)

required, i.e. Scoping;

 to determine whether the project requires statutory clearances such as

Environmental Clearance, Forest Clearance, Wildlife Clearance, ASI Clearance,
Consent to Establish etc. depending on its type of development.

Methodology for Environmental screening and preliminary environmental assessment is

given in brief below.

3.8.1 Reconnaissance Survey & Secondary Data Collection

A reconnaissance survey has been carried out to obtain preliminary information

regarding critical environmental components of the proposed expressway. Site
investigation has been undertaken to assess the site condition; land use pattern; road
side plantation and identification of surface water bodies, water sources; location of
environmentally sensitive receptors such as educational institutions, religious structures,
medical amenities along the proposed alignment of the expressway.

During the reconnaissance survey, location of following areas within 15 km radius of the
project road has also be identified:

 Protected Areas such as National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary, Reserved / Protected

Forest, Important Bird areas, World Heritage Sites, Archaeological Monuments.

 Eco-sensitive areas as notified under sub-section (2) section 3 of the

Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.

 Critically Polluted areas as identified by the Central Pollution Control Board.

The consultant has collected secondary data from various sources such as Central
Ground Water Board, Indian Meteorological Department, Forest Department,
Archaeological Department, Mineral Resources Department etc. The information
collected includes:

 Geology & topography of the study area

 Type of Forest in the study area

 Flora and Fauna in the study area

 Information about rare / endangered species if any

 Information about environmentally sensitive areas

Draft Feasibility Study Report
21
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Feasibility Study (FS) and Detailed Project Report (DPR) On EPC mode for Construction
of Road Tapa-Karu-Sering-Bagan (New Alignment) From Km 0.00 To Km 68.00 (Net Length 68.00 Kms) Green Field Alignment
to NHSL Specifications In The AOR of 85 RCC Under 756 BRTF Project Arunank in the state of Arunachal Pradesh (2nd Call)

 Historical / cultural heritage sites

3.8.2 Study of Policies, Legislation and Administrative Framework for Environmental

Protection

The environmental management and protection policies, regulations and administrative

framework governing the project have been reviewed. The review includes sector-
specific environmental policies and regulations of the Government of India, ADB’s
Safeguard Policy Statement – June 2009, World Bank Guidelines and the Administrative
Framework of various agencies, such as the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate
Change (MoEFCC), Central Pollution Control Board, National Board for Wildlife,
Archaeological Survey of India, MORT&H and other bodies associated with the
implementation of the proposed project.

Project categorization has been carried out by analyzing the improvement proposal of the
proposed highway and applicable Acts, Policies & Guidelines of Government of India for
projects proposed to be funded by MORT&H/ BRO.

3.8.3 Environmental Screening and Preliminary Environmental Assessment

Based on the site assessment; review and analysis of secondary data collected;
“Environmental Screening and Preliminary Environmental Assessment Report” has been
prepared as a part of Feasibility Report covering

 Policy, Legal & Administrative Framework.

 Baseline Environment (based on the data collected from secondary sources).

 Screening Outcome (analysis of various alternatives from environmental point of

view and requirement of various Statutory Clearances for the project).

 Scoping Matrix (scope of further study in the EIA stage).

 Preliminary Environmental Assessment.

 Preliminary Environmental Budget.

3.9 INITIAL SOCIAL ASSESSMENT AND PRELIMINARY LAND ACQUISITION/

RESETTLEMENT PLAN STUDY

The Initial social assessment and preliminary land acquisition/ resettlement plan study
consists of the following Components:

3.9.1 Study and Review of Policies, Legislation and Administrative Framework & Social
Assessment

The consultant will undertake a review of policies, legislation and administrative

framework within which the social management and resettlement action plan of the
proposed road works will be carried out. Within the reviewed work analysis of existing
relevant laws, policies, guidelines, statutory and legislative provisions, regulatory
framework for land acquisition, compensation schemes and resettlement and
rehabilitation programs as applicable to communities in the project area and its influence
zones, special provisions for vulnerable and comparison with relevant policies and
requirements of the concerned state Government will be done. The following

Draft Feasibility Study Report

22
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Feasibility Study (FS) and Detailed Project Report (DPR) On EPC mode for Construction
of Road Tapa-Karu-Sering-Bagan (New Alignment) From Km 0.00 To Km 68.00 (Net Length 68.00 Kms) Green Field Alignment
to NHSL Specifications In The AOR of 85 RCC Under 756 BRTF Project Arunank in the state of Arunachal Pradesh (2nd Call)

documents/policies/reports will be reviewed and documented for accomplishment of the

proposed study:

 The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition,

Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013.

 Resettlement and Rehabilitation Draft Principles and Policy Frame Work of the
concerned states.

 Analysis of any other existing state and central Government’s norms, policies,
guidelines, statutory and legislative provisions, regulatory framework for land
acquisition, as applicable to communities in the project area and its influence
zones, special provisions for scheduled castes and other vulnerable
communities, and multilateral conventions.

 Review of relevant reports involving implementation of rehabilitation and

Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) in respect of other major development projects
in the study area.

 The policy guidelines of funding Agency such as ADB/ World Bank.

3.9.2 Social Screening and Assessment of Preliminary Land Acquisition / Resettlement

Plan

The main objective of initial social assessment and preliminary land acquisition/
resettlement plan study is to determine the magnitude and sensitivity of direct and
indirect socio-economic and cultural impacts likely to result from the proposed project, to
identify stretches likely to pose not-so-easily mitigable impact issues, requiring detailed
analysis, and facilitate integration of social considerations in the selection of alignment
and engineering designs. While conducting the initial social assessment of the project,
the requirements of applicable land acquisition act (RFCTLARRA-2013), Govt. of India
and state Govt. requirement and the existing guidelines of the funding agencies, if any,
has been considered. The initial social assessment will make use of available data on
socio-economic and cultural conditions of the project area (s).

3.9.3 Methodology for Initial Social Impact Assessment

As per scope of work under resettlement and rehabilitation study, a micro level
information/ study is required for the approved alignment, however, at this point of time
neither it is economical nor feasible to go for the detailed study for all the alternate
alignment options. Hence, a macro level study has been carried out primarily using
secondary sources of data satellite / Google imagery at this stage. In line with the above
approach a proper methodology for the preparation of initial social impact assessment
and preliminary land acquisition/ resettlement plan study has been followed.

 Review of Policy Guidelines and Data Collection from Secondary Sources

Relevant baseline data on socio-economic and cultural conditions were collected from
various available secondary sources, like Census Handbooks and District Gazetteers,
Different concerned governments’ official websites maintained by the NIC, etc. review of
policies and guidelines of national and different states and to ensure people’s concern to
understand the socio-Economic context of the proposed project and for providing
necessary inputs for social analysis of the project. The consultant also collected the circle
rate or valuation rate of land of concerned districts of each state from different websites
for the preparation of tentative land cost

Draft Feasibility Study Report

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Consultancy Services for Preparation of Feasibility Study (FS) and Detailed Project Report (DPR) On EPC mode for Construction
of Road Tapa-Karu-Sering-Bagan (New Alignment) From Km 0.00 To Km 68.00 (Net Length 68.00 Kms) Green Field Alignment
to NHSL Specifications In The AOR of 85 RCC Under 756 BRTF Project Arunank in the state of Arunachal Pradesh (2nd Call)

 Establishing the Images of proposed alignment on Google Map

The proposed alignments have been transferred on the KML/KMZ file. A KMZ file is a file
that stores map locations viewable in Google Earth, a global mapping program. It
contains place marks that may include a custom name and the latitudinal and longitudinal
coordinates of the location. KMZ files provide a bird's eye view of locations throughout
the world. The KMZ files on Google earth is very important for assessment of properties,
habitations, congestions and many other social features which is required for initial
assessment of land requirement and other social impacts at preliminary stage of project
planning.

 Documentation of Baseline Information

Baseline information, collected from secondary sources, primarily from Census of India
Data, has been documented. The documents have relevant information human
environment/area of influence of the project and the existing social conditions and trends.
Baseline simply means a geographical and time line to start the assessment. This
information will describe the socio-economic features of the people to be affected by the
project (gender, occupation, income and asset levels, employment, education, access to
health services, social organization, cultural distinctions, vulnerable groups, indigenous
population, cultural/religious sites and properties) etc.

 Desktop study for social screening

In order to have an in-depth knowledge of the project and its area, and analysis of initial
social impact assessment, a Desk study through satellite/google imagery of alternate
alignment options along existing alignment within proposed Corridor of Impact (CoI) of
60/70 m and green field alternate alignment options having 100/130 m PROW
respectively was performed. In addition, to gather the first-hand information on impact of
population, structures, and other sensitive areas, collected secondary data from different
sources was studied and analysed.

 Preliminary Assessment of land and property acquisition

The requirement of land acquisition was also assessed to meet the requirement of
proposed ROW, which varies from 60 to 70 m. While assessing the land and property
acquisition, due care was taken to reduce the available ROW on specified locations of all
the alignment options.

Assessment of magnitude and intensity of potential impacts (Positive as well as adverse)

will form inputs info the multidisciplinary analysis and possible project options

 Preparation of Draft Initial Social Impact Assessment and Preliminary Land

acquisition / Resettlement Plan Report

A Draft Initial Social Impact Assessment and Preliminary Land acquisition / Resettlement
Plan will be prepared in accordance with the guidelines of Govt. of India and
RFCTLARRA-2013. The Draft plan will be concise and clearly address significant land
acquisition, resettlement and other social issues.

Draft Feasibility Study Report

24
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Feasibility Study (FS) and Detailed Project Report (DPR) On EPC mode for Construction
of Road Tapa-Karu-Sering-Bagan (New Alignment) From Km 0.00 To Km 68.00 (Net Length 68.00 Kms) Green Field Alignment
to NHSL Specifications In The AOR of 85 RCC Under 756 BRTF Project Arunank in the state of Arunachal Pradesh (2nd Call)

3.10 RATE ANALYSIS & COST ESTIMATE

The unit rates are based on Schedule of Rates for Road & Bridge Works of Arunachal
Pradesh 2021. For road embankment borrow areas have been identified along the
project road. For stone metal, quarries have been identified along the road. Average lead
has been worked out for earth and stone metal and cartage cost has been considered
from State Schedule of Rates. The unit rates have been worked out by taking the cost of
materials as provided in the State Schedule of Rates (except for cement, steel and
bitumen for which market rates have been considered). The components of labor,
material and machinery have been considered as per Standard Data Book of the Ministry
of Road Transport and Highways.

These basic costs, together with the haul distances estimated for the construction
materials, will then be computed to obtain unit rates for the principal work items
subsequently to be included in the Cost Estimate.

For preliminary costing, the quantities of earthwork and pavements have been worked
out from applicable Cross -sections.

The quantities of bridges and structures have been worked out from their general
arrangement drawings. Quantities of cross drainage works have been worked out from
their preliminary drawings.

Preliminary cost estimates have been prepared for each improvement option identified
during the feasibility stage. The following elements will be accounted for to obtain the
total costs in each case:

 Construction costs,

 Contingencies

 Resettlement and Rehabilitation costs,

 Utility relocation costs,

 Land acquisition Costs,

 Environmental Mitigation Costs,

 Construction Supervision,

 Administrative Charges,

Quantities have been estimated for each component of road construction comprising the
various carriageways and widening configurations developed during feasibility stage. The
unit rates will then be applied to obtain the per kilometre cost of each configuration. The
lengths of each configuration necessary for the construction of the various project
alternatives will then be estimated for the calculation of total costs by the application of
the per kilometre cost concerned after addition of cost of structures, bridges and culverts.

Similar method has been also followed for the estimation of costs arising from
rehabilitation works, utility diversions and environmental mitigation measures.

Draft Feasibility Study Report

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Consultancy Services for Preparation of Feasibility Study (FS) and Detailed Project Report (DPR) On EPC mode for Construction
of Road Tapa-Karu-Sering-Bagan (New Alignment) From Km 0.00 To Km 68.00 (Net Length 68.00 Kms) Green Field Alignment
to NHSL Specifications In The AOR of 85 RCC Under 756 BRTF Project Arunank in the state of Arunachal Pradesh (2nd Call)

Land acquisition and resettlement costs have been evaluated as per MORT&H policy
and latest guidelines in consultation with other concerned authorities.

Allowances for contingencies and construction supervision costs, will be applied as

percentages of total costs.

3.11 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

The economic appraisal is mainly based on the “project costs and project benefits”,
based on the principles of life cycle cost analysis. The project costs include the capital
expenditure required for the proposed intervention and the required routine and periodic
road maintenance on the proposed expressway during the appraisal period, also
including the environmental and social mitigation costs to take care of the proposed
interventions.

The project benefits in the PIA mainly focus on:

 a reduction in vehicle operating costs (VOC);

 lower road maintenance costs in the future;

 savings in travel time, both of passengers and of goods; and

 reduction in traffic accidents, reduced congestion, reduced travel distance, and

other exogenous benefits.

The difference between the two compatible streams of total costs (including construction
and operating costs) will represent the time streams of the incremental net cost
savings/benefits arising from the proposed investment in the project road.

EIRR and NPV Estimation

The economic internal rate of return (EIRR) and Net Present Value (NPV) has been
estimated for the proposed highway. The estimated EIRR for the project has been
compared with the prescribed cut off rate of return in order to determine the viability or
otherwise of the highway project with single lane divided carriageway. The net presents
value (NPV) has been estimated at 12% cut off or the prescribed rate of discount, using
the discounted cash flow (DCF) technique.

3.12 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

To gauge the financial viability of the total project length, and of discreet homogeneous
sections thereof, for private funding on a Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) basis, a detailed
financial analysis has been carried out. Various combinations of revenue resources and
funding options will be analysed.

Revenue resources will include:

 Toll/user tariffs

 Other revenue resources, e.g. income from utilities along the ROW, publicity
hoardings etc.

Funding options on the investment side will include:

Draft Feasibility Study Report

26
Consultancy Services for Preparation of Feasibility Study (FS) and Detailed Project Report (DPR) On EPC mode for Construction
of Road Tapa-Karu-Sering-Bagan (New Alignment) From Km 0.00 To Km 68.00 (Net Length 68.00 Kms) Green Field Alignment
to NHSL Specifications In The AOR of 85 RCC Under 756 BRTF Project Arunank in the state of Arunachal Pradesh (2nd Call)

 Complete private sector funding

 A complete government subsidy (or shadow tolling)

 A combination of government and private funding.

A) Total project cash flows have been determined from the following groups of
basic input parameters:

a) Policy Parameters:

 Construction Period

 Concession Period

 Toll Rates

 Toll rates Escalation

b) Costs:

 Construction Costs

 Operation Cost

 Maintenance Cost

c) Macro-economic Indicators

 Interest Rates

 Discount Rates

 Inflation Rates

 Debt/Equity Norms

 Capital grant

From the cash flows for the complete project length, financial/commercial internal rate of
return (FIRR) is arrived at, using the discounted cash flow (DCF) technique. This will be
compared with the target cut off equity IRR.

In this analysis, the various concessions offered by the Government of India/MORT&H

current policy of providing financial support in the form of capital grant to the
concessionaire in the road sector, tax holiday etc. has been considered.



Draft Feasibility Study Report

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