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Earth Magnetic Field Project

The project investigates Earth's magnetic field using a compass needle, bar magnet, and tangent galvanometer. It includes experiments to visualize magnetic field lines, determine the direction of Earth's magnetic field, and measure its horizontal component. The conclusion highlights the closed-loop nature of magnetic field lines, the alignment of the compass with Earth's magnetic direction, and the accurate measurement of the horizontal magnetic field using the tangent galvanometer.

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smtadavi248
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2 views3 pages

Earth Magnetic Field Project

The project investigates Earth's magnetic field using a compass needle, bar magnet, and tangent galvanometer. It includes experiments to visualize magnetic field lines, determine the direction of Earth's magnetic field, and measure its horizontal component. The conclusion highlights the closed-loop nature of magnetic field lines, the alignment of the compass with Earth's magnetic direction, and the accurate measurement of the horizontal magnetic field using the tangent galvanometer.

Uploaded by

smtadavi248
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Project on Study of Earth's Magnetic

Field
🧲 Project Title:
Study of Earth's Magnetic Field Using Compass Needle, Bar Magnet, and Tangent
Galvanometer

📚 Objective:
1. To observe magnetic field lines using a compass needle and bar magnet.

2. To study the Earth's magnetic field direction.

3. To measure the horizontal component of Earth’s magnetic field using a tangent


galvanometer.

🔬 Apparatus Required:
- Compass needle
- Bar magnet
- White sheet
- Pencil
- Tangent galvanometer
- Battery (or power supply)
- Rheostat
- Ammeter
- Key (Switch)
- Connecting wires

🧪 Experiment 1: Plotting Magnetic Field Lines with Bar Magnet

Procedure:
1. Place the bar magnet in the center of a white sheet.
2. Mark the magnet’s north and south poles.
3. Place a compass needle near the north pole of the bar magnet.
4. Note the direction in which the compass needle points.
5. Mark a small dot ahead of the compass in that direction.
6. Move the compass so its tail is at the dot and mark the next dot.
7. Repeat until you reach the other pole.
8. Draw a smooth curve through all points to show the magnetic field line.
9. Repeat for multiple lines around the magnet.

Observation:
Magnetic field lines emerge from the north pole and enter the south pole. They never
intersect.

🧭 Experiment 2: Determining Earth’s Magnetic Field Direction

Procedure:
1. Place a compass needle on a flat surface away from metal objects or magnets.
2. Let it stabilize and observe the direction.
3. Draw a straight line along the compass needle – this represents the north-south direction
of Earth's magnetic field.

Result:
The compass aligns itself along the direction of the Earth's horizontal magnetic field
component.

📈 Experiment 3: Tangent Galvanometer and Earth's Magnetic Field

Principle:
When current flows through the circular coil of a tangent galvanometer, it produces a
magnetic field. This field interacts with the Earth's horizontal magnetic field component
(Bh), and the deflection angle (θ) of the needle can be used to calculate Bh.

Formula:
B = B_H × tan(θ)
Where,
B = (μ₀ × n × I) / (2R)
μ₀ = 4π × 10⁻⁷ T·m/A
n = number of turns
I = current through the coil
R = radius of the coil
θ = deflection angle

Procedure:
1. Connect the tangent galvanometer in series with battery, key, rheostat, and ammeter.
2. Align the coil in the magnetic meridian (NS direction).
3. Close the key and adjust rheostat to get a deflection (30°–60°).
4. Note the current (I) and deflection angle (θ).
5. Use the formula to calculate B, then calculate B_H using B_H = B / tan(θ).
Observation Table:
Current (I) Deflection (θ) Calculated B (T) Horizontal field B_H
(T)

... ... ... ...

... ... ... ...

... ... ... ...

🧾 Conclusion:
1. Magnetic field lines are closed loops and can be visualized using a compass needle around
a bar magnet.
2. The compass aligns along Earth's magnetic north-south direction.
3. Using a tangent galvanometer, the horizontal component of Earth's magnetic field can be
measured accurately.

📂 Bonus (for better grades):


Project Add-ons:

- Use a real compass and bar magnet for display.


- Create a 3D model or chart showing Earth's magnetic field.
- Include a photo/video of your setup (optional but great for viva).

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