cis(PH (NIG), (,, c.

) NH, NH,
Pt
Py pt
NH,
NH, CI C

Somes
Gives I5 geometncal
enantiomes
WhacoNy
fach isomer has a pair of
30 oplical is omers
inactive Bt (Co(EDrA) is qptially
optically
ee d the typer Mi ae
atie

complex exhibit totally 4 isomers

Stlal4a
CH, CH, NH, Co (en), (NO:),exhibits,
s to(NO.),. 2NH,
slnkage
Iimkage isor
isomerism

exhibits G.I
isomenism.
cis torm exhibits optical
-G.I
iscmesm
L cis fom exhibits optial

Vlilbce bond heory (VBT):Tetrahedral sp hs+4np orbitals-outer

obtal
omplexes
’ Complexes with CN-4 ovbitals
-Squane plonar dsp(n) d+ ns thp
inner arbttal complexes
Octahedral spd ns +np+nd ovbrtals ~outer
s Complexes otth CN-6
crbtal complexes
Loctahedrol d'sp° (n)dthstnp ovbitals -
iner vbrtal complexes.
le geonebry of complex pecicted from he krowbdge of its maghdt
bebouour.
omag1etic Complex o [CaleNHa)J co 4s'3d 3d
ds inner orbital complex
low spin (or) spin paired
4d
stong field complex k covalent
45 4p
complexes
namagnetic complex g [Cof.J Co
3+
483d73
spd ete y
 outer cvbrtal complox
spa -hgh spin (o)spin fic
wcak field complkx § isnc complex
>Damagnete conplex of [N (CN,J dsp
Ni2t 45 3d3d
3d tp

dsp - squane plna

complex of [NiCco.) Ni s°3d
SDiamagnetic sps Tehahedral

48 4d

[NiC,J '3
N ts3d 3
’Paramagnetic compler of
sp
Tetrabechal

3d
45 td

4d
4s
3d
squavne
experimental facts revealed that the above complex has
But
hybridised.
planan geometry ie, dsp²
upto three 3ae like Ta),v ) , Cr"CJ)tuo
For metal ions
hybridizaton wtth 4s
Vacant d-orbitals ae available for octahedral
and tp rbitals.
metal ions more thon three 3de to vacate last two 3d ovbitals,
sFor
poarhg takes place againat Hurds nale.
3+
Mn
25
3d 4p 4d

3d 4s 4d

4s3d> 3d5
26 3d 4s 4p 4d
Mn2t
4s tp

3d 4s tp 4d

4d
3d 45 4p
in ony mogneic moment a (Mnr} issp35.9 BM , thon gomcry is
M +s°3d5 || terahedal
25
3d

2 para
(ncp'd? 4 pava
FecN d'sp I pava
dia

(Fef] dspd 5 para

spd 4 paro
dia
Cr 1
para
3
3 paro

Fe(co), dsp o dia

(FeCco) dop o clha

2 para.
o dia
dlia
0 dia

Lititotios ot V8T:
involyes no.of assumpiíons magneic. dato.
Doe, not quontitatiyé inteipretation of
does not gjve obout coloun of complexes.stabilizotion of complex compou
does not gve thermodynamic oY kinetic
rds.
weak ied ligardand squaepbna
S dhes nat distingush strong field -tebovalert
does not guegve exact predic tion legancng
exact prediction regancing
Complexes.
->Al Ct octahedral complexes
exopl (Cof) whch is ponòmaghetc (spd oter ovbi.
Al N octohedral complexes we panamagnetic
panomageuie oith
orth Conpl
-2.
ere
Strong field ligands BM
CO, CN, NH, , en ,ett
Weak field ligands
’XAH,0, C,04, et.
> Irvespective ot strong or tuscokfeld ligancs q*
-’f a bonded uoith H,o then the ligard (H,0) oct
cou
os uderge,
strang
d
ligand. fiek
f N Fet bonded oith NH, then ligond act as wweak
’HHNit bonded with F ion feld l
then ligand act os strong feld igard.
Kgond. lgard.
Crystal FielJ Theory (CFT):
’ CFT asumes that attyaction bw
central metal and the liandi
a complex is purely elecbostatic ie, icnic.
In CET IQand ane teated as point chagps
In coae of an anonic liqonds dipole in.case of nuebol
in isol ated qases metal atonm r ion
te 5 doY brtali haye some enarqy.
f sphericclly symnetrica fied of -ve
or ion the degeneracs is chaoges surtounds the metal aty
maintained
’ When ve feld is due to ligands in a
and dotital, lose ther deqenerncy and Complex it becomes amymebrual
asynabrcs
-S The pattem of splitting dependa upon the spttng takes plac.
t surroundingligands and nato ot cytal fieldlrat
’Crytal geomeby
Crytol field splitting in sctahedrod
coorcdrotion entties,
43/5Ao

2-40,4¬
ty. in e9 oGitals destobib
Eoh e entry in tq orbitals stobiliæs wshile entey
the comdex.
lhe splrtting af deqenerate leveld due to -the presence o igana
defnite geo mety is aolled rystal tebd splting
’ Spectro chemical series - strength of ligond.
 I 2 Br

d', d',d' the ekctrors enter into tg lovel

of
’ n case
Fvom d in there ae two possibilthes

of s fr/
Gnd
relatie mogritude
There possibnities depends an requrecd -for e oring in a Sngk orbrtol.
Pairing enerqy (p) mears -the ehergy
s arbibol to give tug g
’f Ao ZPthe 4th e jumps into eg orbilal to give bbg cg
’# A, >p. tho 4th eé qek pared in tog
in tetrahedal ccordnalier tities
’Cryetal feld qlrttr

cctahedralandksquone planon canplexes, oh1ch hauc

’ The gscrpt wed for
certre of symmetry
’ For the same metal 4X Ao

Factors affecting CESE :yls fald slab.lhon rag

(NHS) Ir(NHs%
ldertity cf metal [co (NH)6]"z(Rh
5lad3d/ (5d)
(2d):dz4dz 5c/ (4d)
Oxidstion statelviof'hal metal
Ao for (fe CH,0), j°"> (5 h0).)**
Ao for (CaCH,o.J" Aco(Hho)J
igonda
C- donors >N-doncs > o donorS > X-- doners
Nurober of ligands
A, >At
'ength of igand < Ao
6:Determing the CFSE o d° complax having A, 2500n Cm
6
Here A, >p So d is t eg

-(-0.+ A, X6) +(0.6A, Xo) + 3p

CFSE
0.6
= -2.4 Ao t3p 10xb B45/1
=-2,+ (25000) +3(i5000)
=5000
-H0(s)
- |SDO

Q:Determne the CFSt or the complex lo (HoleJ hen A

2+
-0.4 A x3
24

CFS E-(-0.4D, X3) + (o.6axi) - 0. 6 A

=-|.2Áo + 0.6A

-0.6Ao
Q Given he following dota about the absoY ption of max of sevenl.
lex lons the ovder A, for these ion?
Cormpounda ios Amax
(Crcas 758

Cr (NH)s 465
694
CCrtHho))
A, dt order folleuos as A,(6) >4, (rn) sa,(i)
alculatons shous thot to d cooydinobion erntities e moe
stable for strong tield as Companed to weak field cases
ET explains succestully formation 5 structune of comlexcs, ol
{magnetic propenties dt complexey
Limtations:
’ t does not corsider the covalent chanacter blw metal and ligond
PAcc to this theory aniondc ligands (point chages) exert greot
etect but they occupies lo end n spectrochemical series.
Colour in coordination compounds
’n transition metod complexes colour ls ue to d-d transtion.
The colou of the complex is complimetovy to absorbed radiatens.
 Naorbed Complmentony
radiodlons coloun
Violet
(co(w),J" Blue Yellow- oronge
Red Blue

0.v
Pole yelouw
Removal of water fiom (i(bo), )Ci, on heoting renders t colamles.
olaunles
Anhydrous Cud04 s while while Cu SO,.5H,0 is blue in colan ble in
anhy CuSO4 there is ho
Cryalal field spltting sosty ynd
(au(H,0),) so, . Ho
The influence of liqands on colour of he conplex,
(N(H9%J" en s(NiCH,0), (en))" en,(Ni (H,0), (en)) n(Ni (en).)
Coq) Caq) (oq) (aq
Green Pale blue blue puople Violet

-Blood red coloured gem stone

Ruby lamino
Alz0, cohtoining O.5 to 1/. Cr"ios
ions randomly distnbted in place of A ins
H Ernera.ld. Green coloused gemstone
trae amaens
Beryl (3 BeO Al,0, 6Si0,) corntauning we
C tons e distributed
in octahedial stes
(ntersiliai conpd
A Orqang metallic compounds.
bnd e calt
one or more metal canben
-Compounda
netollic
baving C -hetal

cormpound. -G bonded

Orgono metolic conpound. T bonded

LMetal carthony
RMgx (Girgnand reagent), diethyl zinc, binnebhyl alonmnmn
bonded -
tetamethyl tn,et
,eto
- Zesel's salt,Dibervone chromium
etol casbonys -[M(co%) [Felco),eke
 Metal conbous CO
CO
co
Ni \e-cO
co/
co| Co
CO
N(co), Fe(o)45 [o(co)
CO
CO
Co Mn o
CO -CO Mn CO
Co
Co C
CC
CO
Mo,(co).o

Co, (cos
Metal_ mtal bond is pre«nt
Metal -metal bond i present
Brdgsd conbony ane prrent chanacter.
metal ond casbon bond posses both o and T
>The em
tormed bythe donatin of lone paur cf
’Metal conbon c bond isiu tormed by
Caabenyl caabon anto vacort arbital t metal
casben T bund is formed by donation of pair ot e trom flad
Metol-
(n)moler uloa orbrtol t
d-orbstale ot metal into vacarnt atibonding

Metal- ligand bonding creates synergic efecb úchich strengttens te k:

blw Co and the metal.
’ The T bend bluw metal and conbonul conbon redues the bond order or
C-o hence bend length increoses
ia trom L.2 to l15A.

6' Among tu tolleng metal canborys the co bord order is louest tr

1. [véoJ 2
(FeCco] 3. (a(co.) +. (tn(co.J
Stabilty donyer cmpond :
(M4]
KK,ak, xk,xy
Hox egut corgtont Ke tormatien costanl (o) stabildly
costanl
R=3x10

hen stoblrty contont for (Mg(Nabo),])u)

:.stobility corutont , K, : k,xk, 3x16' x2x103
 Instublity onstont /Dwociotion cons tant Ke
Aoplcotions ol coordration compaunds
Haamoglobin - iron complex
Chlorophyll- Mg complex
Vt Be- Co complex
>Coordination
compound Qne wsed in qualitatve and quathtative analyts
(EOTA, DMG,-ntro B-napthol, upron,
s Handnen of water sestimoted uot he ett)
Na, EDTA bs simple tTtotoms
and tu ae extracted by we of comlex
formaton.

impue
ANi CcO), Ni t 4c0 (Monds proes)
’Alkene t H,
Willkinsor
cctalyst
pue

’ Alkane

IUPAC name u chlomo tis (triphenyl phosphine)

Rhodim )
Artcles can be electroplated with Ag ond Au
more smaothly from solutio
t the complexes. [Au(CN). J CAgCN).J
Hypo
- in photugr ophy, Ager (Ags o,)1
Na,S,O, solution ypu solchien
’EDTA is wwed in the treatment f lead
poisen.
’0s-potn inhibrt goth of tumors.