0% found this document useful (0 votes)
2 views2 pages

Binary Coding Scheme

The document explains binary coding schemes used by computers, detailing the concepts of bits, bytes, and characters. It covers various coding systems such as ASCII, Extended ASCII, EBCDIC, BCD, and Unicode, highlighting their character representation capabilities. Additionally, it provides examples and a table for binary ASCII codes of letters, emphasizing the importance of these schemes in data storage and manipulation.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
2 views2 pages

Binary Coding Scheme

The document explains binary coding schemes used by computers, detailing the concepts of bits, bytes, and characters. It covers various coding systems such as ASCII, Extended ASCII, EBCDIC, BCD, and Unicode, highlighting their character representation capabilities. Additionally, it provides examples and a table for binary ASCII codes of letters, emphasizing the importance of these schemes in data storage and manipulation.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

BINARY CODING SCHEME

Introduction
Computers store and manipulate data using binary digits (0s and 1s). These binary codes can be complex,
so computers regroup these values for better understanding.
What is a Byte?
A byte consists of eight bits and represents a single character (like a letter or number). For instance, the
phrase "COMPUTER SCIENCE _4_IT" has 21 characters, totaling 168 bits (21 x 8). The word
"SCHOOL," with 6 characters, equals 48 bits (6 x 8).
Bits, Nibbles, and Words
 Nibble: A group of 4 bits.
 Byte: A group of 8 bits (2 nibbles).
 Word: The number of bits the CPU can process at once (often 16 or more bits).
Understanding Characters
A byte can represent 256 different characters, including:
 Letters: A-Z, a-z
 Numbers: 0-9
 Symbols: !, @, #, etc.
 Spaces: Blank spaces between words.
Coding Schemes
To interpret characters, we use coding schemes:
 ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange. It uses 7 bits for 128
characters (e.g., "A" is 1000001).
 Extended ASCII: Utilizes 8 bits for an additional 128 characters, including various symbols and
foreign characters.
Assignment
The lowercase letter "a" is represented as 1100001, and "A" is represented as 1000001.
Create a Table
Design a table to show all letters of the alphabet and their binary ASCII codes. The ASCII code is
calculated by adding or subtracting the bit “1” to form subsequent codes.
Lowercase Letter ASCII Binary Equivalent Uppercase Letter ASCII Binary Equivalent
a 1100001 A 1000001
b 1100010 B 1000010
c 1100011 C 1000011
... ... ... ...
Examples 1
For example what is the ascii code for letter f using
the c code from the table ?
c= 1100011
Example 2. What is the ascii code for letter b if letter
+ 1
d code = 1100100
1100100 = d
d= 1100100
d= 1100100
- 1
+ 1
= 1100011 =c
1100101 = e
From here you can carry successful addition and
e=1100101
subtractions depending on the questions
+ 1
1100110 = f
EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code)
EBCDIC is an 8-bit coding scheme (2^8 = 256) that represents 256 characters, including text, numbers,
punctuation marks, and control characters. It is primarily used on mainframes and larger computing machines,
while ASCII is more common in microcomputers. Although both EBCDIC and Extended ASCII represent 256
characters, the specific characters differ between the two sets.
BCD (Binary Coded Decimal)
BCD is a coding system where each decimal digit (0-9) is represented by a 4-bit sequence. This simplifies the
conversion of decimal digits for display or printing. To add a digit, a new 4-bit sequence is introduced.
BCD Representation Table
Decimal BCD
0 0000
1 0001
2 0010
3 0011
4 0100
5 0101
6 0110
7 0111
8 1000
9 1001
Example: The BCD representation of 784 is:
 7 → 0111
 8 → 1000
 4 → 0100
Combined BCD: 011110000100
Unicode

ASCII and EBCDIC cannot represent all characters from languages like Chinese, Russian, or Egyptian.
Unicode was developed to address this limitation. It is a 16-bit coding scheme (2^10) capable of representing
over 65,000 characters and symbols, covering nearly all current written languages. Unicode reserves 30,000
codes for future use and 6,000 codes for private use.

You might also like