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Session 8 Slides

The document discusses performance management in public administration, emphasizing the importance of measuring bureaucratic performance to enhance efficiency, accountability, and citizen satisfaction. It outlines various performance management systems and their challenges, including cultural resistance and the complexity of public-sector goals. Additionally, it presents a case study on performance contracting in Mongolia, highlighting the reforms implemented and their outcomes, while also suggesting considerations for similar reforms in Myanmar.

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0 views21 pages

Session 8 Slides

The document discusses performance management in public administration, emphasizing the importance of measuring bureaucratic performance to enhance efficiency, accountability, and citizen satisfaction. It outlines various performance management systems and their challenges, including cultural resistance and the complexity of public-sector goals. Additionally, it presents a case study on performance contracting in Mongolia, highlighting the reforms implemented and their outcomes, while also suggesting considerations for similar reforms in Myanmar.

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may
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: Maung Tawthar

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT SGPA


PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT
QUESTIONS:
▪Why measure bureaucratic performance?
▪What would you measure?
▪What might be the challenges to
implementing performance management
systems?
WHY MEASURE PERFORMANCE?
▪Deliverology (Michael Barber)
▪ Motivational potential of targets
▪Eight objectives for performance measures (Behn 2003)
▪ To evaluate (Outputs with some process measures)
▪ To control (Input measures)
▪ To budget (Cost-effectiveness measures)
▪ To motivate (Output measures against targets)
▪ To promote (Easily identified outcome measures that citizens care)
▪ To celebrate (Occasional major targets)
▪ To learn (Disaggregated data to show deviances from expectations)
▪ To improve (Linking process measures with output measures)
PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN PUBLIC
SECTOR
▪Over time, PMS has shifted from primary focus on efficiency towards
other objectives, such as citizen satisfaction, long-term societal impact
▪Different PMS frameworks
▪Balanced Scorecard (BSC) (Fryer, Anthony, and Ogden 2009)
▪Total Quality Management (TQM)
▪Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
▪Public Value
▪Performance-based budgeting
▪Input, output, and outcome measures (Van Dooren and Van de Walle 2016)
▪Benchmarking
CHALLENGES IN IMPLEMENTING PMS

▪Cultural and organisational resistance


▪Gaming
▪Overemphasis on quantitative metrics/ goal
displacement
▪Complexity of public-sector goals
STRATEGIC RESPONSES TO PMS
▪Targeting, strategic responses, and gaming (Bevan and Hood 2006)
▪ Rachet effects
▪ Threshold effects
▪ Distortions
▪Saints, honest triers, reactive gamers, and rationale maniacs

▪The danger of saints and honest triers→ reactive gamers


CRITICAL FACTORS FOR EFFECTIVE PMS

▪Leadership commitment
▪Employee engagement
▪Organisational culture
EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL FACTORS INFLUENCE
ON PMS EFFECTIVENESS
A survey of US local government managers
(Moynihan and Pandey 2010)
▪Internal commitment more important than external
pressures
▪Organisational culture, leadership commitment,
and staff engagement critical
▪Excessive rules, bureaucratic procedures, and too
much administrative burden as hindrances
PMS AND PSM
A survey of US local government managers (Kroll
and Moynihan 2015)
▪PSM increased engagement with PMS
▪Individuals w/ PSM had higher positive perceptions of
PMS
▪PSM and PMS relationship stronger under leadership
that encouraged performance-based decision-making
▪PSM and PMS relationship weaker when performance
data used primarily for compliance or political
purposes
CASE: PERFORMANCE CONTRACTING
IN MONGOLIA (2009)
WHAT WERE THE MAIN CHALLENGES?
▪Large public sector: 800,000 public
employees in 2.5 million population
▪Lack of accountability in budgetary
execution: 40% of central government
budget spent by local governments
▪Amidst structural transitions: from socialist
economy to market economy and from
Soviet’s satellite state to a democracy
WHAT WAS THE MAIN APPROACH TO REFORMS
AND WHAT REFORMS WERE PROPOSED?
Again, New Public Management approach
Centralize the 5,000 accounts of local
governments into a single Treasury account
Initiate output-based budgeting and
performance-based contracting
WHAT REFORMS WERE IMPLEMENTED? (1 OF 2)
Attempting to build political support of local
governments
Conducting study tours: learning from New
Zealand’s and Australia’s NPM experiences
Centralized 5,000 accounts of local governments
into a single treasury account
WHAT REFORMS WERE IMPLEMENTED? (2 OF 2)
Passed the Public Sector Management and
Finance Law
Piloted output-based budgeting and
performance-based contracting in five
agencies
Rolled out performance-based contracting
across the civil service in 2003
WHAT IS THE CASE WRITER’S ASSESSMENT OF
THESE REFORMS?
Centralized a single treasury account→
increased accountability in budgetary
execution
No managerial autonomy
Performance-based contracting largely failed
WHAT WOULD YOU HAVE DONE IT
DIFFERENTLY?—GROUP DISCUSSION
Would you attempt to increase accountability in
budgetary execution while preserving the
decentralized role of local governments? If so, what
would you have done?
Would you still initiative performance-based
contracting but limit it to certain grades and agencies?
Or would you scrap output-based budgeting and
performance-based contracting entirely? If so, which
alternative reforms would you initiate to enhance
accountability?
TRANSLATING INTO THE MYANMAR CONTEXT
▪HOW WOULD YOU IMPLEMENT SIMILAR REFORMS TO
THE MONGOLIA REFORMS IN MYANMAR?
▪What reform elements would you keep?
▪What would you do it differently?
▪How would you management public employees’
performance?
WRITING POLICY MEMOS
▪Purpose: to inform decision-making by your client
▪Analysis of policy, politics, and implementation
▪Give Bottom Line Upfront
▪Provide a balanced perspective
▪Highlight major policy options using the most relevant and rigorous evidence
▪Inform potential political implications of each policy option along with implementation
feasibility
▪Propose and justify the most feasible policy option
▪Use simple and easy to understand language with short paragraphs
▪Use helpful signposting and charts
WRITING POLICY
MEMOS
WRITING POLICY MEMOS
▪ Resources on how to write policy memos:
▪ https://mitcommlab.mit.edu/broad/commkit/policy-memo/
▪ https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/assignments/policymemo
▪ https://spia.princeton.edu/blogs/policy-memo-writing-tips-0
▪ Policy evidence
▪ https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/about-cdsr
▪ https://www.campbellcollaboration.org/
▪ https://developmentevidence.3ieimpact.org/
▪ https://www.epistemonikos.org/en/
▪ https://eric.ed.gov/
▪ https://www.gov.uk/guidance/what-works-network

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