DLD Lecture-11

Multiplexer
• The multiplexer is a combinational logic circuit
designed to switch one of several input lines to a
single common output line.
• The multiplexer, shortened to “MUX” or “MPX”.
• It has multiple inputs, some select lines and one
output.
• Number of inputs n= 2m where m is the number of
select lines.
• For example: if n=4=22, so number of select lines=2.
2×1 Multiplexer
• In 2×1 multiplexer, there are only two inputs, A0 and A1, 1 selection
line, S0 and single outputs, Y.
• On the basis of the combination of inputs which are present at the
selection line S0, one of these 2 inputs will be connected to the
output.
Logical circuit of 2×1 Multiplexer
4×1 Multiplexer:
• In the 4×1 multiplexer, there is a total of four inputs, A0, A1, A2, and A3, 2 selection
lines, S0 and S1 and single output, Y.
• On the basis of the combination of inputs that are present at the selection lines
S0 and S1, one of these 4 inputs are connected to the output.
8 x 1 Multiplexer
• In the 8 x 1 multiplexer, there are
total eight inputs, 3 selection
lines and single output, Y.
• On the basis of the combination of
inputs that are present at the
selection lines S0, S1, and S2, one of
these 8 inputs are connected to the
output.
 8 ×1 MUX using 4×1 and 2×1 MUX
• To implement the 8×1 multiplexer, we need
two 4×1 multiplexers and one 2×1
multiplexer.
• For getting 8 data inputs, we need two 4×1
multiplexers.
• Each 4×1 multiplexer produces one output. So,
in order to get the final output, we need a 2×1
multiplexer.
8 ×1 MUX using 2×1 and 4x1 MUX

• If S2S1S0=001 then as
S0=1, D1, D3, D5 AND
D7 are selected from
the 2x1 MUX in the
first stage.
• As S2S1=00, D1 will be
selected and available
on the output Y.
8 ×1 MUX using 2×1

• If S2S1S0=001 then as
S0=1, D1, D3, D5 AND D7
are selected from the 2x1
MUX in the first stage.
• As S1=0, D1 and D5 will
be selected
• As S2=0, D1 and
available on the output Y.
16 x 1 Multiplexer
16 x 1 MUX using 8×1 and 2×1 MUX
• To implement the 16×1
multiplexer, we need two 8×1
multiplexers and one 2×1
multiplexer.
• The 8×1 multiplexer has 3
selection lines, 4 inputs, and 1
output. The 2×1 multiplexer has
only 1 selection line.
16x1 MUX using 4x1 MUX
• If S3S2S1S0=0101 then as S1S0=01, D1,
D5, D9 and D13 will be selected.
• The as S3S2=01, D5 will be available at
the output Y,
Advantages of using MUX
Efficient Use of Hardware Resources
• Reduces the number of data lines required for communication.
• Instead of having multiple lines for each input, one line can carry different signals based on select inputs.
Cost-Effective
• Minimizes wiring complexity and reduces hardware components.
• Fewer gates and less interconnection result in lower cost and power consumption.
Simplifies Circuit Design
• Provides a structured way to manage multiple inputs and reduce circuit complexity.
High-Speed Switching
• Can quickly select between inputs with minimal delay, enhancing performance in time-critical applications.
Versatility
• Can be used for data routing, function generation, arithmetic operations, and more.
Useful in Digital Signal Processing
• In DSP applications, multiplexers help manage signal flow efficiently by directing data to the required
processing blocks. For example: Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), Frequency Division Multiplexing
(FDM).
De-multiplexer
• A De-multiplexer is a combinational
circuit that has only 1 input line and
2N output lines.
• The information is received from the
single input lines and directed to the
output line on the basis of the values of
the selection lines.
• There are n selection lines and
2n outputs.
• De-multiplexer is also known
as De-mux.
1×2 DEMUX
• In the 1 to 2 De-multiplexer, there are only two outputs, Y0, and Y1, 1
selection lines, S0, and single input, A. On the basis of the selection
value, the input will be connected to one of the outputs.
1×2 De-multiplexer
1×4 DEMUX
• In 1 to 4 De-multiplexer, there are total of four outputs, Y0, Y1, Y2, and Y3, 2
selection lines, S0 and S1 and single input, A.
• On the basis of the combination of inputs which are present at the selection
lines S0 and S1, the input be connected to one of the outputs.
1×4 DEMUX
1×8 DEMUX
• In 1 to 8 De-multiplexer, there are total of eight outputs, Y0, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5,
Y6, and Y7, 3 selection lines, S0, S1and S2 and single input, A.
• On the basis of the combination of inputs which are present at the selection
lines S0, S1 and S2, the input will be connected to one of these outputs.
1×8 DEMUX
 1×8 DEMUX using 1×4 and 1×2 DEMUX
• To implement the 1×8
de-multiplexer, we need two 1×4
de-multiplexer and one 1×2
de-multiplexer for getting 8 data
outputs,
• The 1×2 de-multiplexer produces
two outputs. So, in order to get the
final output, we have to pass the
outputs of 1×2 de-multiplexer as an
input of both the 1×4 de-multiplexer.
1×8 DEMUX

• Suppose S2 S1 S0 = 0 0 0. Because S2=0, the

bottom 1x4 DEMUX is selected, then since
S1=0 and S0 = 0, input A will be transferred
to Y0.
• Suppose S2 S1 S0 = 1 0 1. Because S2=1, the
top 1x4 DEMUX is selected, then since S1=0
and S0 = 1, input A will be transferred to Y5.
1×16 De-multiplexer
• In 1×16 de-multiplexer, there are total of 16
outputs, Y0, Y1, …, Y16, 4 selection lines, S0, S1,
S2, and S3 and single input, A.
• On the basis of the combination of inputs
which are present at the selection lines S0, S1,
and S2, the input will be connected to one of
these outputs.
1×16 DEMUX
1×16 DEMUX
1×16 DEMUX using 1×8 and 1×2 DEMUX
• To implement the 1×16 de-multiplexer, we
need two 1×8 de-multiplexer and one 1×2
de-multiplexer.
• So, in order to get the final output, we need
a 1×2 de-multiplexer to produce two
outputs from a single input. Then we pass
these outputs into both the de-multiplexer
as an input.
 1×16 DEMUX
• Suppose S3 S2 S1 S0 = 0 1 0 1. Because S3=0, the
bottom 1x8 DEMUX is selected, then since S2=1,
S1=0 and S0 = 1, input A will be transferred to Y5.
• Suppose S3 S2 S1 S0 = 1 1 0 1. Because S3=1, the
top 1x8 DEMUX is selected, then since S2=1, S1=0
and S0 = 1, input A will be transferred to Y13.
1×16 DEMUX using 1x4 DEMUX
Advantages of using DEMUX
Efficient Data Distribution
• A DEMUX sends data from one source to multiple destinations, which is essential in
communication systems and control circuits.
Reduces Hardware Complexity
• Instead of using separate lines and drivers for each output, one line can be shared and
routed using select signals.
Cost and Space Saving
• Fewer components and less wiring lead to lower costs and reduced board space.
Ideal for Serial-to-Parallel Conversion
In digital systems, a DEMUX can be used to convert serial data input into parallel data
outputs.
Versatility
• Can be used in a wide range of applications, including: Data routing, Memory address
decoding, Signal demodulation, Control signal distribution
Easily Integrated with Multiplexers
DEMUX and MUX are often used together to build communication systems where
data is sent via a single channel and distributed at the receiving end.
Thank You