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June CH 4 Atomic Structure Class Viii Notes

The document is a chemistry lesson for Class VIII focusing on atomic structure, including Rutherford's experiment and the properties of elements. It covers topics such as atomic number, mass number, isotopes, and the formation of ions, along with various question types like fill-in-the-blanks and true/false statements. Additionally, it includes higher-order thinking skills questions that encourage deeper understanding of atomic behavior and electron configurations.

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33 views4 pages

June CH 4 Atomic Structure Class Viii Notes

The document is a chemistry lesson for Class VIII focusing on atomic structure, including Rutherford's experiment and the properties of elements. It covers topics such as atomic number, mass number, isotopes, and the formation of ions, along with various question types like fill-in-the-blanks and true/false statements. Additionally, it includes higher-order thinking skills questions that encourage deeper understanding of atomic behavior and electron configurations.

Uploaded by

aniketbhowmik90
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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K.E.

CARMEL SCHOOL, AMTALA


Class –VIII Subject: Chemistry Session:2025-2026
Ch – 4 : Atomic Structure

G. Give reasons for the following:


1. During Rutherford's a-particle scattering experiment, most alpha particles passed straight
through the gold foil.
Ans: The atoms of the gold foil allowed most alpha particles to pass straight through them
led to the conclusion that an atom has a lot of empty space in it.
2. The number of electrons is not added while calculating the mass number of an element.
Ans: It is because the mass of an electrons is negligible as compared to the mass of an atom.

H. Answer the following questions:


8. An element is represented as 40A20
(a) What is its atomic number?
Ans: Atomic number (Z) = 20
(b) What is its mass number?
Ans: Mass Number (A) = 40
(c) What is the number of protons in its nucleus?
Ans: Atomic number = Number of protons = 20
(d) What is the number of electrons in its atom?
Ans: Atomic number = Number of protons = Number of electrons = 20
(e) What is the number of neutrons in its nucleus?
Ans: Mass Number = Number of protons + Number of neutrons
Number or neutrons = Mass number - Number of protons
Number of neutrons = 40 - 20 = 20
(f) What is its valency?
Ans: Atomic Number = 20
Electronic configuration:
K = 2, L = 8, M = 8, N = 2
Number of electrons in valence shell is 2. So, the valency of the element is 2.
The element is Calcium.
9. Show the formation of the following ions:
(a) Lithium ion: Li - 1e-  Li+
2, 1 2
Lithium atom Lithium ion

(b) Sulphide ion: S + 2e-  S2-


2, 8, 6 2, 8, 8
Sulphur atom Sulphide ion
10. The compositions of two elements A and B are given below:

Element A B

Protons 6 6

Neutrons 6 8

Electrons 6 6

(a) What is the atomic number of A?


Ans: Element A: Atomic number - 6
(b) What is the atomic number of B?
Ans: Element B: Atomic number - 6
(c) What is the mass number of A?
Ans: 12
(d) What is the mass number of B?
Ans: 14
(e) Which elements do A and B represent?
Ans: Elements A and B represent two isotopes of Carbon respectively:
Element A - C612 ; Element B - C614
I. Diagram based Questions: (Pg-62)
(a) Name the particles used by Rutherford, for this experiment.
Ans: Alpha-particles.
(b) What is the nature of charge on these particles, positive or negative?
Ans: Alpha-particles are positive in charge.
(c) Why did very few of these. particles bounce back?
Ans: Rutherford concluded that the central core is hard and dense and is very small as compared
to the size of an atom.

The following are to be done in textbook:

A. Assertion - Reason Type Questions:


In the questions given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion [A] and
Reason [R]. Read the statements and choose the correct option for each.

(a) Both Assertion [A] and Reason [R] are true. (1) (2)
(b) Both Assertion [A] and Reason [R] are false.
(c) Assertion [A] is true but Reason [R] is false.
(d) Assertion [A] is false but Reason [R] is true.
1. Assertion: Protons and Neutrons are present in the nucleus.
Reason: Electrons move around the nucleus of an atom.
2. Assertion: Cl-35 and Cl-37 are isotopes of chlorine.
Reason: Isotopes are the atoms of the same element having different number of neutrons
in their nuclei.

B. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1. J J Thomson discovered the electrons.


2. An atom is electrically neutral.
3. Protons and neutrons are present inside the nucleus of an atom.
4. The maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in the M-shell of an atom
is 18.
5. The atomic number of sulphur is 16 and its electronic configuration is 2, 8, 6.
6. A potassium ion carries a positive charge whereas an oxide ion carries a negative charge.
7. Isotopes are the atoms of the same element which have the same atomic number but
different mass number.
8. The three isotopes of hydrogen are H11, H12, H13.

C. State whether the following statements are true or false. If false, rewrite the correct
form of statements.

1. The K-shell of an atom can hold a maximum of 32 electrons - False.


C.S : The K-shell of an atom can hold a maximum of 2 electrons.
2. The nucleus of an atom is positively charged - True.
3. J J Thomson discovered the neutrons - False.
C.S: J J Thomson discovered the electrons.
4. The atomic number of calcium is 20. So it's electronic configuration is 2, 8, 8, 2 - True.
5. A chloride ion is positively charged - False.
C.S: A chloride ion is negatively charged.

D. Match the columns.

Column A Column B

1. Parmanu (a) J J Thomson - 2

2. Electron (b) E. Goldstein - 4


3. Neutron ( c ) Rutherford - 5

4. Proton (d) Chadwick - 3

5. Nucleus (e) Maharshi Kanad - 1

Higher Order Thinking Skills (H.O.T.S Questions)

1. Imagine an atom where the number of protons is not equal to the number of electrons.
What will be the nature of this particle? Justify your answer.
Ans: It will be an ion.
If electrons < protons → positively charged (cation)
If electrons > protons → negatively charged (anion)
This happens due to gain or loss of electrons during reactions.
2. An element has the electronic configuration 2, 8, 6. What is its valency? Will it gain or
lose electrons? Justify.
Ans: Outer shell electrons = 6, to complete octet, it needs to gain 2 electrons. So,
valency = 2, and it will gain electrons, forming a -2 anion.
3. If an atom has 3 electrons in its outermost shell, what are the two possible valencies it
could show? Explain with an example.
Ans: It can lose 3 electrons → Valency = 3 (common in metals, e.g., Aluminium:
2,8,3) Rarely, it could gain 5 electrons, but that is highly unstable. So, practical
valency = 3.
4. An element X has the atomic number 17. (Q3, Pg – 59)
(a) What is its electronic configuration?
Ans: K = 2, L = 8, M = 7
(b) What is the number of valence electrons in its atom?
Ans: M = 7; Number of valence electrons = 7
(c) Define its valency.
Ans: Element X is chlorine. Here chlorine needs to gain 1 electron to complete its
valence shell and acquire an inert gas configuration. So valency is 1.
(d) Is it a metal or a non-metal?
Ans: Non-metal
(e) Will it form an anion or a cation?
Ans: Anion

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