PART 1.

You are going to listen a journalist called Max Wilson talking about a book about luck in sport
by Matthew Syed. Listen to the whole interview and choose the best answer A, B, or C.(10 pts)
1. Max says that top sportspeople usually believe their success is due to
A. good fortune
B. hard work
C. natural skill
2. According to Max, the examples of recent sporting achievements prove
A. that people in general have become stronger and fitter
B. that standards are getting higher
C. that technology is responsible for improved performance
3. In the book Matthew Syed says he had a greater chance of success because of
A. his parents’ love of table tennis.
B. his competitive brother.
C. his own ambition.
4. That advantage is mentioned of the Omega Club when Matthew joined?
A. It was open all the time.
B. It had a lot of good players.
C. It had great facilities.
5. Max says that a ten-year investigation has shown that lucky people
A. believe they will succeed.
B. look for good opportunities.
C. depend less on talent.
1. B 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. B
Part 2: You will hear a tour guide talking to a group of tourists in New York about a visit they will make
to the Museum of Immigration on Ellis Island. Decide the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (10 points)
1. The first part of the museum you go through used to be the Baggage Room.
2. In the Registry Room, immigrants had only medical check-ups.
3. They haven't made reservations for the play "Ellis Island Stories" in the Theatre 2.
4. At the Ellis Island Oral History Library you can listen to 20 recordings of people's first-hand experiences
at Ellis Island.
5. "The Peopling of America" exhibition is located in a place which used to be a ticket office.
1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T

PART 3.
Listen to a talk on insomnia – the inability to sleep properly. Complete the following notes on the talk
about insomnia. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. (20 pts)

CAUSES
People may have trouble falling asleep due to worries about exams or a (1)
………………..…………
It can be due to (2) ………………………………….factors: noise, light, no privacy.
It can be due to occupational factors: working irregular hours, overworking, too much (3)
…………………………………., high stress.
SOLUTIONS
In situations where the patient is suffering from illness and physical discomfort, a doctor
may give them (4) …………………………………. or (5)
………………………………….
(6) …………………………………. before going to bed.
Watch your diet. Don’t eat a large meal in the evening. Avoid alcohol, cola and coffee.
Drink herbal tea (e.g. camomile) or (7) ………………………………….
Don’t take naps during (8) ………………………………….
Take a (9) ………………………………….before bed or after exercise.
C Cut down on (10) …………………………………. in the evening.
1. job interview 6. relax
2. domestic 7. fruit juice
3. travelling 8. the day
4. painkillers 9. warm bath
5. sleeping pills 10. Smoking
TAPESCRIPT
PART 1
E = Examiner P = Presenter M = Max
E: You’re going to listen to a radio interview with a sports writer called Max Wilson about luck in sport.

P: What is it that makes a champion? How much is sporting achievement down to the ability you’re born
with and how much to effort? And what part does luck play in the difference between winning and losing?
To discuss these questions with me is sports writer Max Wilson. What’s the answer, Max?

M: Most top sportspeople claim that their success is down to dedication, ambition and long hours of
practice. Luck is rarely mentioned, unless they happen to lose, and that’s sometimes blamed on something
they couldn’t control, like the weather.

P: One thing that’s clear is that records go on being broken year after year. But is this because athletes are
bigger and stronger than they were twenty, fifty, a hundred years ago? Or is it because sportspeople are
getting more talented?

M: Well, experts say physical changes develop over a much longer time span. So it must be that people are
practising longer and harder, and striving to achieve more. Sure, improvements in running shoes, tennis
rackets and other technological advances play their part, but they can’t account on their own for the
differences in standards.

P: Could it be that sportspeople are able to achieve more these days because their talent is recognised and
nourished at a younger and younger age?

M: That’s certainly true of incredibly successful tennis clubs like Spartak, in Moscow. In recent years, this
club’s created more top twenty women players than the whole of the United States. But a seemingly
exceptional natural talent in a young child is often only the product of hours and hours of expert tuition and
practice, and the child is unlikely to continue to make progress at such a fast rate.

P: This is something that’s discussed in Matthew Syed’s book, Bounce, I believe?

M: Yes, he examines the relationship between talent, success and luck. Matthew was a British number one
and top international table tennis player during the late 1990s. He lists several factors which he believes
contributed to his success and which had very little to do with his own talent. Matthew says his first piece of
good fortune was that when he was eight, his parents decided to buy a full-size, professional table-tennis
table, which they kept in the garage, as a way of keeping their boys occupied and out of trouble. Matthew
says he was also lucky that his older brother loved the game as much as he did and was happy to fight out
endless battles in the garage.

P: But he was also a member of a really good club.

M: Absolutely. Matthew and his brother were lucky enough to be spotted by one of the leading table tennis
coaches in the country, Peter Charters, who ran the Omega club. He also happened to be a teacher at
Matthew’s primary school. The Omega club wasn’t a big or well-known club in those days but the tiny
group of members could play whenever they liked, day or night, even though there was only one table and it
was freezing in winter and incredibly hot in summer.

P: I see. So how important was the Omega club in Matthew’s success?

M: Very important. The Omega club members began having considerable success and started to attract a lot
of attention. The street where Matthew lived, Silverdale Road, contained an astonishing number of the
country’s top players, including both the men’s and women’s future Commonwealth champions. Was this
inevitable, given the quality of the coach, the talent of the players and the location of the Omega club, or
was it, as Matthew argues in the book, just a combination of lucky events? If he hadn’t lived in Silverdale
oad, he would have gone to a different school and he wouldn’t have met Peter Charters, nor become a
member of the Omega club.

P: Do you think Matthew Syed is right about the importance of luck?

M: Interestingly, a ten-year investigation into what makes people lucky or unlucky has concluded that
people do make their own luck. Obviously, Matthew couldn’t have succeeded without some raw talent, but
he also took full advantage of the opportunities given to him, and this is what ultimately made him so
successful. Lucky people are better at taking chances and finding ways to improve their situation. Unlucky
people are less likely to take risks and don’t like change. If there are lessons to be learnt …

PART 2:

Hello everyone. First of all, a big welcome to New York from all of us here at the hotel. My name's Bob and
I'm here to make sure you enjoy your stay in the city. I've organized some great guided tours for you and we
start tomorrow with a trip to the Museum of Immigration., on Ellis Island. Now I'm going to give you a few
background details that will help you get the most out of your visit.

As you know, millions of people came to the USA from Europe in the late 19th and early 20th centuries,
especially during the period between 1897 and 1924 - that's the year when immigration controls were
introduced - and Ellis Island was the place where they first landed. The buildings which immigrants had to
pass through before they were allowed to come and live in the USA were used right up till 1954. Then they
stood empty until they were restored as a museum, which opened in September 1990. And that's where we'll
be going tomorrow.

Your tour of the museum begins when you step off the ferry, at the very point where the immigrants
stepped off the ships that had brought the on their long journey all the way from Europe.

The first place they passed through is called the Baggage Room - that's where they picked up their bags and
other possessions - and you'll be able to see a display of typical baggage from the period there as you pass
through.

You then go into what's called the Registry Room - just as the immigrants did. This is where they had
medical check-ups and interviews and then, if all went well, they were allowed to enter the USA. Imagine
how it must have felt to be so close to your new home but still not be sure if you'd be accepted or put on the
next ship home again.

But most people were accepted, and it's incredible but 100 million Americans can trace their family history
in the USA to a man, woman or child who passed through this room. And, 420,000 of them have their names
written on what is known as the Wall of Honor, which you can see at the museum.

If things were real busy or if there was a problem, the newcomers might have to spend a few days on the
island, and the next place you see on the guided tour is the sleeping area, known as the Bunk Room, and
then after that what's called the Hearing room - that's where people who'd been refused entry could have
their case heard by a judge.

The museum also has three theatres. Theatre 1 is a movie theatre and I've reserved tickets for you to see the
30-minute movie called Hope and Fears. In the movie, you'll see immigrants telling their own stories of how
they pulled up their roots in Europe and came to live in the USA. Next door, in Theatre 2 there'll be the
chance to see the play called Ellis Island Stories, which also lasts for 30 minutes. This play feature 2
immigrants and 1 immigration officer which based on real-life interviews recorded on Ellis Island. We
haven't made reservation but it begins at 11.10 a.m. and there'll be plenty of time to see it if you'd like to.

Or you might want to visit the Oral History Library. The Ellis Island Oral History Project has collected
recordings of first-hand accounts of people's experiences at Ellis Island and you can listen to some of these
on a computer system with 20 individual listening stations.

And if there's still time after that, why not visit the exhibition called The Peopling of America, which is
located in the old ticket office, which was across the water from the old railroad station. This exhibition
places Ellis Island in the context of 400 years of North American immigration history.

So, all in all, it looks like being a great tour ...

PART 3:

Insomnia is a sleep disorder. We all have trouble sleeping from time to time. That’s not really insomnia.
Insomnia is when you are regularly not getting enough sleep or perhaps not getting a satisfying sleep. If
either of those situations applies to you, then you could have insomnia. However, don’t go running to your
doctor for medication just yet. Insomnia is often a lifestyle disease and pills from a doctor will not help
unless you deal with the underlying causes of your insomnia by changing your lifestyle. For example, some
people suffer from insomnia before something stressful like exams or a job interview . They cease to suffer
from insomnia after the event. Insomnia can be caused by domestic factors, such as lighting, noise, and lack
of privacy. It can also be caused by occupational factors, such as working irregular hours – a particular
problem for transport and health workers, overworking – usually 70 plus hours a week, too much travelling,
or simply high stress at work.

Insomnia is more likely to occur as we get older and symptoms include not being able to fall asleep,
waking regular during the night and not being able to get back to sleep, waking up early and not feeling
refreshed after a night’s sleep. Insomnia can also cause problems during the day, such as feeling tired and
lethargic, wanting to sleep, difficulty concentrating, and irritability. We all need different amounts of sleep
so it is not the length of sleep that determines insomnia, but the quality of sleep. Primary insomnia means
that the sleep problem is not directly linked to any other health problem. Secondary insomnia means that the
sleep problem is caused by another condition such as depression, arthritis, stress, pain, worry, a serious
illness, or medication. Acute insomnia is a short-term problem whereas a long-term problem is known as
chronic insomnia and is usually diagnosed when a person cannot sleep at least three times week for a month
or longer.

As you may aware, doctors may prescribe some painkillers, or sleeping pills, particularly in cases of
illness or physical discomfort, but for chronic insomnia, the underlying condition that is causing the problem
needs to be treated. As I said before, this usually involves a change in lifestyle. Relaxation techniques have
been proven to be extremely useful to people suffering from insomnia. It is important to relax before going
to bed. Some relaxation techniques and alternative therapies such as TaiChi, medication and and massage
may also be beneficial in getting a good night’s sleep. Another thing that insomniacs should do is pay
particular attention to what they eat and drink and when. Don’t eat a heavy meal late in the evening. Avoid
alcohol and stimulants like coca and coffee before going to bed. Have herbal tea or fruit juice instead. One
of my favourite suggestions is to drink a cup of camomile tea with a little honey in it before bedtime.
Delicious!
 Although exercise is obviously good for your health, don’t exercise just before bedtime. Exercise
tends to stimulate the mind and the body. At the beginning of the talk, I mentioned light and noise. Make
sure your bedroom dark and quiet. Also make sure that it is at the right temperature for you – not too hot or
cold. Go to sleep at the same time each night and get up at the same time each morning, with no naps during
the day. Follow a relaxing routine as much as possible and wind down before sleep by, for example, reading
a book or listening to music. Take a warm bath after exercise or before bedtime, adding a few drops of
lavender essential oil. It sounds luxurious and it is. Finally, a word to all you smokers out there – reduce the
frequency with which you light up – particularly in the evening
PART B. LEXICO- GRAMMAR
Part 1. Choose the best option A, B, C, or D to complete the following sentences and write your answers
in the corresponding numbered boxes.
1. Business leaders predict a hard year ahead with the economy _________.
A. on the rocks B. on the cards C. in the black D. in the doldrums
1. D - on the rocks (mối quan hệ): trên bờ vực tan vỡ - on the cards: khả năng cao sẽ xảy ra
- in the black: thu được lợi nhuận, sinh ời - in the doldrums: gặp khó khăn
2. A punctual man himself by nature, he detested the thought of any _______ delays, and
so roused Peter as early as he dared.
A. groundless B. unfounded C. improper D. untoward
2. D - groundless: không có lý do, vô lý
- unfounded: vô lý, vô căn cứ - improper: không đứng đắn - untoward: bất ngờ xảy ra
3. In preparation for a lucky New Year, my parents decorate the living room, while my sister
and I __________ the attic.
A. conk out B. clam up C. turn out D. back into
3. C - conk out: hỏng (máy móc)
- clam up: nín bặt do bối rối, lo lắng
- turn out: dọn dẹp sạch sẽ - back into: lùi về
4. Prosperity and happiness arrive to reward her confidence in a _______ economy.
A. floating B. buoyant C. dynamic D. fluid
4. B - floating: trôi nổi - buoyant: bay bổng (cảm xúc), phát triển liên tục (kinh tế) - dynamic, fluid: thay đổi
không ngừng
=> Loại C, D do không nói rõ sự thay đổi tốt xấu. Câu cụ thể nhắc đến prosperity (sự thịnh
vượng) và happiness nên chọn B (collo)
5. Global warming has progressed ________ glaciers everywhere are shrinking.
A. too much that B. enough to cause
C. to such an extent that D. so great an extent that
5. C - Loại A too much that -> so much that. Loại B vì enough chỉ đi sau tính từ. Loại D vì progress
là động từ nên cần chuyển great thành greatly (trạng từ)
6. The authority is going to great lengths to _________ war on dangerous driving.
A. launch B. stage C. boot D. wage
6. D - launch: phóng, tung ra
- stage: đạo diễn một sân khấu, thực hiện - boot: khởi động hệ thống
- wage war on sth/ sb (collo): gây ra chiến tranh
7. During the rush hour, the traffic in big cities is _________.
A. devil B. crime C. fire D. murder
7. D - be murder: dùng để chỉ một điều gì rất khó chịu, khó khăn
8. The problem with losing weight is that, if you succeed, all your clothes need to be
________.
A. taken in B. cut down C. decked out D. made down
8. A - take in: co quần áo lại để vừa người - cut down: làm giảm đi
- deck out: ăn diện - make down: trải giường
9. In bas-relief sculpture, a design projects very slightly from its background, ______ some
coins.
A. as on B. with which C. outwith D. similarly
9. A - as + on some coins: giống như là ở trên những đồng xu
- with which: cùng với cái gì đó được nhắc đến ở phía trước - outwith: ngoài ra
- similarly: tương tự
=> As được dùng để đưa ra sự so sánh. Từ on dùng để chỉ những hình được khắc trên một
đồng xu chúng ta thường thấy (họa tiết nổi) giống với loại hình nghệ thuật này
10. Shell decoration is an effective _________ for demonstrating artistic skills, especially in
Easter.
A. method B. means C. vehicle D. drive
10. C - method: phương pháp
- means = vehicle: phương tiện, công cụ - drive: động lực
=> Loại B vì chỉ có means of sth. Vehicle đi với for sth
11. It’s so unfortunate to have a boss who ________ all the time.
A. follows your nose B. breathes down your neck
C. keeps your temper D. draws your eyes
11. B - follow one’s nose: nghe theo trực giác
- breathe down one’s neck: giám sát chặt chẽ - keep one’s temper: giữ bình tĩnh
- draw one’s eye to sth: thu hút
12. ______ are considered humorous is mainly due to his characters’ use of slang.
A. That Damon Ruyan’s stories B. Damon Ruyan’s stories, which
C. Damon Ruyan’s stories D. Because Damon Ruyan’s stories
12. A - (The fact) that + N: Việc…/ sự thật rằng…. Loại B vì dùng mệnh đề quan hệ ở đây câu không
có nghĩa, chưa nói đến hình thức câu cần đầy đủ hai dấu phẩy. Loại C vì sau một mệnh đề đầy đủ không thể
tiếp tục là một vị ngữ. Loại D vì câu chỉ có một chủ ngữ mà có tới hai vị
ngữ, because cần hai mệnh đề đầy đủ.
13. A(n) ________ love of country lays the foundation for sustainable development and
complete harmony.
A. ingrained B. indelible C. abiding D. established
13. C - ingrained: (thói quen, thái độ, đức tin) ăn sâu, thâm căn cố đế - indelible: không thể tẩy sạch (vết
mực), lưu giữ sâu đậm (kí ức…)
- abiding: tha thiết, vĩnh cửu
- established: đã được thiết lập từ lâu
=> abiding love (collo)
14. It is necessary that they _________ a bit and examine the history of the problem.
A. backfire B. backtrack C. backlash D. backwash
14. B - backfire: phản tác dụng
- backtrack (v) trở lại, đổi ý, lần theo vết cũ
- backlash (n): phản ứng mạnh mẽ (đám đông)
- backwash (n): sóng rút ngược
15. Demand for the product is expected to peak five years from now and then to _________.
A. taper off B. fall down C. set back D. drift away
15. A - taper off: giảm xuống
- fall down: ngã xuống
- set back: trì hoãn, cản trở - drift away: mất liên lạc
16. Her comments cast a _______ on the integrity of his employees.
A. blot B. slur C. stain D. drag
16. B - blot: điểm yếu - slur: sự nói xấu, gièm pha
- stain: vết nhơ (nghĩa đen + bóng)
- drag: điều trở ngại
=> cast a slur on sb
17. To apply for this position, each candidate has to submit a ________ photo besides other
required documents.
A. full-bodied B. full-scale C. full-length D. full-fledged
17. C - full-bodied: đầy đủ hương vị - full-scale: giữ kích thước như thật, toàn diện - full-length: (ảnh) chụp
cả người - full-fledged: phát triển toàn diện
18. During the early period of ocean navigation, __________ any need for sophisticated
instruments and techniques.
A. so that hardly B. when there hardly was
C. hardly was D. there was hardly
18. D - Loại A, B, C vì khi đó câu không có chủ ngữ
19. Although the task is basically a no-brainer, she’s making such a ________ weather of it.
A. heavy B. weighty C. stormy D. rough
19. A
- make a heavy weather of sth: tự làm khó mình
- weighty: nặng
- stormy: bão tố - rough: gồ ghề, khó khăn
20. Although colouring books for adults may raise a few eyebrows, more and more people
are seeking them ________ as a way to relax and de-stress.
A. up B. on C. by D. out
20. D - seek out: tìm kiếm
Part 2: Use the correct form of each of the words given to fill in the blank in each sentence. (10 points)
1. She’s family suffered from his ………………….. (EXPEND)
2. The Southerners were like the colonists in the Revolutionary War in that they were _____________ but
geographically protected. (MAN)
3. My ankle is really ............................and I can’t walk easily. (SWELL)
4. The government’s............................. approach has brought criticism. (COMPROMISE)
5. Jim is one of the most................................ members of the committee. (SPEAK)
6. You shouldn’t interrupt someone in …………………… (SENTENCE)
7. Low income and little administrative support make teachers …………. with their profession. (HEART)
8. Don’t you think she is ______? She always looks good in her photographs. (PHOTO)
9.Hardly a day goes by without Tim being __________ of eating sweets. (DESIRE)
10.She resembled an army commander whom nothing could put the __________ on. (FRIGHTEN)

1. over-expenditure = sự chi tiêu vượt mức, sự chi tiếu quá mức

2. undermanned= fail to provide with enough workers or crew.
3. swollen = sưng lên, phồng lên
4. uncompromising = showing an unwillingness to make concessions to others, especially
by changing one's ways or opinions.= kiên quyết, không nhượng bộ
5. outspoken=frank in stating one's opinions, especially if they are critical or controversial.=
thẳng thắn
6. mid-sentence= in the middle of a sentence or utterance
7. disheartened=having lost determination or confidence; dispirited.= chán nản, xuống tinh thần
8. photogenic= (especially of a person) looking attractive in photographs or on film= ăn ảnh
9. desirous = ham muốn, thèm muốn
10. Frighteners= a person or thing that frightens someone.

Part 3: Correcting mistakes: The passage below contains 10 errors. Underline and correct them.
Write your answers in the space provided on the right.
Tourism is now among the world’s most important industries, generate jobs and profits worth
billions of pounds. At the same time, however, mass tourism can have dire effects on the people and
places they embraces – both tourists and the societies and human environments they visit. We are
increasingly familiar with some of the worst effect of unthinking, unmanaged, sustainable tourism:
previous undeveloped coastal villages that have become sprawling, charmless towns, their seas poisonous
by sewage, denuded of wildlife, their beaches stained by litter and empty tubes of sun cream. Historic
towns, their streets now choking with traffic, their temples, churches and cathedrals seemingly reduced to
backdrop for holiday snaps that proclaim, “Been there, Done that”. Some of the world’s richest
environments were bruised by the tourist onslaught, their most distinctive wildlife driven to near-
extinction, with wider environmental impacts caused by the fuel-hungry transport systems used to take
holidaying travelers around the world and back again.

1. generate → generating 2. They → it

3. effect → effects 4. sustainable → unsustainable
5. Previous → previously 6. poisonous → poisoned
7. by → with 8. Choking → choked
9. backdrop → a backdrop 10. were bruised → bruised

PART C: READING

Part 1. For each gap, choose the correct answer A, B, C or D which best fits the context.

Nature’s clock

Our biological clocks govern almost every aspect of our life. Our sensitivity to stimuli (1) _______
over the course of the day, and our ability to perform certain functions is subject to fluctuations.
Consequently, there is an (2) _______ time for tasks such as making decisions: around the middle of
the day. Anything that (3) _______ physical co-ordination, on the other hand, is best attempted in
the early evening. What is more, there is a dramatic drop in performance if these activities are
carried out at other times. The risk of accident in a factory, for example, is 20% higher during the
night (4) _______.

Primitive humans lived their lives in tune with the daily cycle of light and dark. Today we are firmly
convinced that we can (5) _______ schedules on our life at (6) _______. Sooner or later, however,
we pay a (7) _______ for ignoring our natural rhythms. A good example is jet lag, caused when we
confuse our body’s biological clocks by crossing several time (8) _______. People suffering from
jet lag can take several days to adjust to new environments, and have a reduced ability to make
decisions, which is a worrying thought, as serious (9) _______ of judgement can be made. And this
may be just the (10) _______ of the iceberg.

Question 1: A. modifies B. ranges C. varies D. wavers

Vary= change or cause something to change in amount or level, especially from one occasion to
another

Question 2: A. peak B. optimum C. maximum D. summit

Optimum=best; most likely to bring success or advantage

Question 3: A. requests B. demands C. dictates D. stipulates

Demand=need something such as time, effort, or a particular quality

Question 4: A. shift B. labor C. duty D. work

The night shift = ca trực/ làm đêm

Question 5: A. blame B. base C. emphasize D. impose

Impose sth on sth = áp đặt cái gì lên cái gì

Question 6: A. stake B. best C. most D. will

 at will=If you can do something at will, you can do it any time you want:

Question 7: A. price B. fine C. fee D. cost

pay the price=To experience the consequences of one's actions or misdeeds.

Question 8: A. warps B. trials C. spans D. zones

time zone=one of many equal parts into which the world is divided. In any place within each part,
the particular point in the day is the same, and is an hour in front of or behind that in the parts on
either side

Question 9: A. errors B. inaccuracies C. mistakes D. fallacies

error of judgment=a mistake in the way that you examine a situation and decide what to do

Question 10: A. peak B. pinnacle C. top D. tip

The Tip of the iceberg' = đỉnh của tảng băng -> một phần rất nhỏ không miêu tả hết những thứ lớn
hơn hoặc phức tạp hơn không thấy được hoặc không hiểu rõ

Part 2. Read the following text and fill in the blank with ONE suitable word. Write your answers in
corresponding numbered boxes.

Graffiti: Art or Vandalifm?

(1) __________ recently, spray-painting a wall would land you in jail, but these days even politicians are
associating with graffiti artists in an effort to gain popularity and internationally acclaimed artist Banksy, (2)
__________ works of art make millions has transformed the way the community views street art. However,
many still see (3) __________ as a crime, especially as the cost of removing grafitti from walls runs (4)
__________ millions of euros every year. Last May, members of a gang which had left a six-year trail of
destruction on trains as (5) __________ apart as Australia and Japan were jailed for eight months (6)
__________ pleading guilty to conspiracy to commit criminal damage. (7) __________ other form of art has
ever divided people so strongly, even (8) __________ the custom of leaving paintings on walls goes back to
the days of cave art. No one would imagine scraping cave drawings (9) __________ the walls of a cave, and
a thousand years from now children may find (10) __________ studying street artists in school.

1. until -> until recently = đến tận gần đây

2. whose = của ai/ cái gì -> kiến thức mệnh đề quan hệ

3. it -> thay thế cho danh từ đứng trước là “ street art”

4. to/into -> run to sth = to reach a particular amount, level, or size

5. far -> far apart = khác xa

6. after -> after + doing sth = sau khi làm gì

7. No ->No other form of art= không 1 hình thức nghệ thuật khác nào

8. though-> even though + clause = mặc dù

9. off-> scrape off =To remove something (from some surface) with or as with the vigorous
scrubbing of a rough, sharp, or hard-edged instrument.

10. themselves-> find yourself somewhere/doing something = to become aware that you have
gone somewhere or done something without intending to

Part 3. Read the following passage and circle the best answer to each of the following questions.
Write your answers in corresponding numbered boxes.
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. B
6. C 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. A

How birds navigate during migration

Bird migration is one of the most interesting yet least understood natural phenomena. Every fall
birds from northern latitudes fly in groups to the warmer southern latitudes and then return north in
the spring. Scientists agree on the main reasons for migration: to follow the food supply and to
avoid harsh climate conditions. For example, insects disappear during the cold months, prompting
insect-dependent birds to fly south to warm areas where insects breed. No similar consensus has
emerged, however, about how birds are able to navigate. Despite many recent experiments, bird
experts still do not know how birds arrive at the same destination every year and then find their way
back home in the spring.

Some have suggested that birds find their way by following landmarks, such as rivers and mountain
ranges. Experiments have confirmed that some species do follow such topographic features. But that
method cannot explain how some birds travel at night. Other studies show that some nocturnal birds
navigate by the stars. But that explanation cannot explain daytime migration or travel when the skies
are cloudy.

The most popular explanation currently is that birds are guided by Earth’s magnetic poles. The
mechanism by which that works has not yet been proved. One theory points to the fact that some
birds’ brains contain magnetite, a naturally occurring magnetic compound consisting of iron oxide.
Magnetite has been found in many animals, including beds. With magnets embedded their brains,
birds would be able to sense the magnetic fields of the North and South Poles

A recent experiment with homing pigeons provided some evidence that magnetite does play a
crucial role in migration. Homing pigeons are known to have the ability to return to their homes
after being taken hundreds of miles away. Researchers found that they could train homing pigeons
to recognize changes in a magnetic field. When a surrounding magnetic field was normal, the birds
would gather at one end of a cage. But when the field’s polarity was altered, they hoped to the other
end, suggesting that they were detecting and responding to changes in the magnetic field.

Another theory has been offered to explain this sensitivity to magnetic poles, a theory that draws
upon quantum mechanics, which is the study of how particles move inside an atom. It relies on that
fact that electrons come in pairs that orbit the nucleus of an atom. The two electrons spin in opposite
directions, creating two magnets that neutralize each other. But when molecules split and react with
other molecules to form compounds, the electron pairs may no longer spin in opposite directions.
Instead, they may repel each other, as when two north ends of magnets are pressed together. The
electrons struggle to change direction in order to achieve a stable state in which the two electrons
again neutralize each other, giving off no magnetic field.
The theory is that these disturbed electron pairs are created in birds when they are exposed to
changes in light. The birds can sense the efforts of the electrons in trying to reach a condition of
stability because of the slight changes in the pull of the North and South Poles. In this way, the birds
can detect the direction of the poles while they are in flight.

In one experiment to confirm this effect, a group of European robins were tricked by artificial light
to believe that it was time for spring migration. The birds became eager to fly north. The changes in
light triggered the electron-pair movement described above exposing the robins to the magnetic
field, accompanying the electron pairs. The birds became disoriented and flew in all directions. The
simulated magnetic fields were much too weak to be detected by the birds' natural magnetite,
suggesting to the experimenters that the electron pairs, not the magnetite, were responsible for the
birds' confused flying.

The current view, therefore, is that light plays an important role in guiding bird migration. This may
be why birds turn their heads from side to side before flying off. Their eyes are collecting the
surrounding light, which in turn allows them to process and analyze the existing magnetic fields and
to keep themselves pointed in the right direction.

1. According to paragraph 1, insects influence bird migration in which of the following ways?

A. Insects generate a magnetic field that birds can detect.

B. Insects provide a food supply that exists only in warm climates.

C. Birds follow the paths taken by flying insects.

D. Birds know when to migrate by a sudden increase in insect population.

Clue: For example, insects disappear during the cold months, prompting insect-dependent birds to
fly south to warm areas where insects breed=Ví dụ, côn trùng biến mất trong những tháng lạnh,
khiến các loài chim phụ thuộc vào côn trùng bay về phía nam đến những vùng ấm áp nơi côn trùng
sinh sản.

2. The word some in the passage refers to

A. insects B. recent experiments C. bird experts D. birds

Clue: Despite many recent experiments, bird experts still do not know how birds arrive at the same
destination every year and then find their way back home in the spring.

Some have suggested that birds find their way by following landmarks, such as rivers and mountain
ranges

=> Some trong đoạn văn đề cập đến bird experts

3. According to paragraph 3, birds can detect the magnetic fields of the North and South Poles
because

A. they sense the motion of electron pairs

B. they can locate the poles by following landmarks

C. they ingest metal particles that are attracted by the poles

D. they have magnetite in their brains

Clue: One theory points to the fact that some birds’ brains contain magnetite, a naturally occurring
magnetic compound consisting of iron oxide….With magnets embedded their brains, birds would be
able to sense the magnetic fields of the North and South Poles=Một giả thuyết chỉ ra thực tế là não
của một số loài chim có chứa từ tính, một hợp chất từ tính tự nhiên bao gồm oxit …. Với nam châm
được gắn vào não, chim sẽ có thể cảm nhận được từ trường của Bắc và Nam Cực

4. The word embedded in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. implanted B. attached C. attracted D. activated

Embedded= implanted = được cấy vào

Clue: With magnets embedded their brains, birds would be able to sense the magnetic fields of the
North and South Poles= Với nam châm được gắn vào não, chim sẽ có thể cảm nhận được từ trường
của Bắc và Nam Cực

5. The author discusses homing pigeons in paragraph 4 in order to

A. provide an example of how humans can train birds

B. describe an experiment showing the importance of magnetite

C. show that homing pigeons return home by following landmarks

D. report homing pigeons’ behavior inside a cage

Clue:A recent experiment with homing pigeons provided some evidence that magnetite does play a
crucial role in migration.= Một thí nghiệm gần đây với chim bồ câu dẫn đường đã cung cấp một số
bằng chứng cho thấy từ tính đóng một vai trò quan trọng trong quá trình di cư

6. According to the passage, all of the following are theories about how birds navigate EXCEPT:

A. They follow landmarks like rivers and mountains.

B. They are guided by their position relative to the stars.

C. They feel vibrations in nerve endings in their brains.

D. They respond to changes in light

Clue: Some have suggested that birds find their way by following landmarks, such as rivers and
mountain ranges=> A

Other studies show that some nocturnal birds navigate by the stars.=>B

The theory is that these disturbed electron pairs are created in birds when they are exposed to
changes in light.=>D

7. According to paragraph 4, the pigeons moved to the opposite end of a cage because

A. the magnetic field was normal

B. the magnetic field was stronger at one end

C. the magnetic field changed its polarity

D. the magnetic field was removed

Clue: But when the field’s polarity was altered, they hoped to the other end, suggesting that they
were detecting and responding to changes in the magnetic field.

8. The word altered in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. reversed B.canceled C. strengthened D. detected

Altered = thay đổi, đảo ngược = reversed

9. Which of the following can be inferred about an electron pair in two north ends of magnets?

A. The two electrons spin in opposite directions.

B. One electron will move to the south end

C. One electron will be captured by the nucleus.

D. The two electrons spin in the same direction.

Clue: But when molecules split and react with other molecules to form compounds, the electron
pairs may no longer spin in opposite directions. Instead, they may repel each other, as when two
north ends of magnets are pressed together. The electrons struggle to change direction in order to
achieve a stable state in which the two electrons again neutralize each other, giving off no magnetic
field.= Nhưng khi các phân tử tách ra và phản ứng với các phân tử khác để tạo thành hợp chất, các
cặp electron có thể không còn quay ngược chiều nhau nữa. Thay vào đó, chúng có thể đẩy nhau,
như khi hai đầu cực bắc của nam châm được ép vào nhau. Các electron cố gắng đổi hướng để đạt
được trạng thái ổn định, trong đó hai electron lại trung hòa lẫn nhau, không tạo ra từ trường.

10. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence?
Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. The bird’s failure to detect the magnetic fields led researchers to conclude that the electron pairs
caused the birds' confusion.

B. The birds’ failure to detect the electron pairs showed that their magnetite was the cause of their
disorientation.

C. Experimenters found that the electron pairs were stronger than the birds’ magnetite and helped
them find their destinations.

D. Magnetic fields that are triggered by artificial light are detected by the birds’ magnetite causing
them to fly in the right direction

Clue: The simulated magnetic fields were much too weak to be detected by the birds' natural
magnetite, suggesting to the experimenters that the electron pairs, not the magnetite, were
responsible for the birds' confused flying. = Từ trường mô phỏng quá yếu để từ tính tự nhiên của
chim có thể phát hiện được, gợi ý cho các nhà thí nghiệm rằng các cặp electron, chứ không phải từ
tính, là nguyên nhân khiến chim bay lộn xộn.

Part 4. Read the following text and do the tasks that follow.
1. i 2. vi 3. ix 4. iv 5. iii 6. vii
7. 8. YES 9. YES 10. NOT
NO GIVEN
Playing psychological games

A.

‘Psychological games’ is an approach to relationships that developed around the 1960s. It is a way
of looking at the interaction between people – identifying what seem to be fixed scripts in a
seemingly spontaneous conversation. One person says something which seems to elicit a certain
type of response from the other person, and the response seems to demand yet another particular
response from the first person. And on it goes, as if the two people were following a script that
someone had written.

Games fall into a number of categories, ranging from the harmless to the destructive=Trò chơi được
chia thành nhiều loại, từ vô hại đếncó hại . Some harmless games are even essential to social
interaction - such as the 'Greeting Game' (‘Hello, how are you?’ “I'm fine, how are you?”) and the
“Thanks Game” (“Thank you for inviting me. I had a great time.”). Game playing is expected in
some situations. Everyone involved knows that it is a game, and what is expected. A sales person
plays a game of pleasing the prospective customer. Children play games with parents. In cases like
these, the game player creates an impression, saying things which are not sincere but are ways and
means of getting what they want. Other games, however, keep a relationship from developing to a
more real and important level. Still others can actually be destructive, as they are played by people
with deeper psychological needs and motivations for power, control or manipulation.

=>i. Towards a classification of games

Some people set out to manipulate others for their own reasons. But others may not realize that they
are being manipulative. They are acting rather from an emotional script. Like a child that wants
something, and does all sorts of things to get it, some game players act from their own internal
desires, not realizing the effect their words and actions have on others.= Giống như một đứa trẻ
muốn một thứ gì đó và làm đủ mọi cách để có được nó, một số người chơi trò chơi hành động theo
mong muốn bên trong của chính họ, không nhận ra ảnh hưởng của lời nói và hành động của họ đối
với người khác.

=>vi. Game-playing - conscious or unconscious

A number of potentially damaging games have been identified. In the ‘Corner Game’ the
manipulator backs the other person into a corner – places them in a situation where anything they do
is wrong.= Một số trò chơi có khả năng gây hại đã được xác định. Trong ‘Corner Game , kẻ thao
túng dồn người khác vào một góc – đặt họ vào tình huống mà bất cứ điều gì họ làm đều sai. A
parent complains that their son or daughter’s room is never clean. Yet when the child tidies the
room, the parent says, “Why did it take you so long?” or “You haven’t tidied up inside the
cupboard.” The ‘It’s Your Decision Game’ is played by people who want to escape the
responsibility of making a decision: “I don’t mind. You decide.” Although actually very much
concerned about the outcome of the decision, by insisting they are not the game player forces the
other person to take all responsibility for the consequences of the decision.

=>ix. Some examples of harmful games

E
Games may indicate a lack of confidence in the other person, an unwillingness to communicate with
them directly.= Các trò chơi có thể cho thấy sự thiếu tin tưởng vào người khác, không muốn giao
tiếp trực tiếp với họ. T In the most innocent cases, they are played in an attempt at politeness, or
genuine concern for the other's feelings (trying not to hurt them). However, even these well-
intentioned games don't always have a good end. They can make it impossible for an atmosphere of
trust to be created.= Họ có thể khiến bầu không khí tin tưởng không thể được tạo ra.

=>iv. Being cautious towards other people

At their worst, games are a way for an individual to retain power in a relationship, because their
own personal feelings are not revealed. The person who uses games to their own advantage needs to
win a game in order to have a sense of self-esteem - by harming someone else's self-
confidence=Người sử dụng các trò chơi vì lợi ích của mình cần phải thắng một trò chơi để có lòng
tự trọng - bằng cách làm tổn hại đến sự tự tin của người khác.. Manipulators range from Dictator
(who always has to be in charge) to Nice Guy (who exaggerates care and love for others, in order to
get what he or she wants), to Protector (who is over- supportive or over-protective)

=>iii. Feeling good by making others have doubts about themselves

Some game players have so many psychological needs that fulfilling their desires overshadows
everything else in a relationship.= Một số người chơi trò chơi có quá nhiều nhu cầu tâm lý đến nỗi
việc thỏa mãn mong muốn của họ làm lu mờ mọi thứ khác trong một mối quan hệ. For example, a
person who needs to be the centre of attention may play games in which they consistently take the
role of someone who needs help, someone who is dependent Sometimes people fall into games in a
relationship because of the roles that they think they should be playing. A young couple that accepts
the traditional roles for men and women may assume that the husband needs to defend his wife
against criticism by his family, or that he will automatically make the decisions about minor repairs
on her car, even though in both cases the wife is perfectly capable of looking after herself. Their
exchange will fall into a kind of game, because they have restricted themselves by their concept of
the roles that they should play.

=>vii. How a relationship can be dominated by games

Task 2: Do the following statements reflect the claims of the writer in the reading passage? Write

YES if the statement reflects the claims of the writer

NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer

NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

8. When people want a certain decision they will always make it themselves.=>N

Clue: Although actually very much concerned about the outcome of the decision, by insisting they
are not the game player forces the other person to take all responsibility for the consequences of the
decision.

9. Games that show regard for other people can prevent trust from developing in the
relationship.=>Y
 Clue: However, even these well-intentioned games don't always have a good end. They can make it
impossible for an atmosphere of trust to be created.

10. Giving another person too much help may be a form of manipulation.=>Y

Clue: Manipulators range from Dictator (who always has to be in charge) to Nice Guy (who
exaggerates care and love for others, in order to get what he or she wants), to Protector (who is
over- supportive or over-protective)

PART D. WRITING

Part 1: Rewrite the following sentences using the words given

1. You have to pay taxes or go to prison. PUT

=> Failing___________________________________________________________________

2. Everyone was surprised that the work completely failed. DOWN

=> To ______________________________________________________________________

3. When the goods arrive at the shop, they will be inspected carefully. MICROSCOPE

=> On ____________________________________________________________________

4. I think you should confront your boss right now with how you feel about this. OUT

=> Why ___________________________________________________________________

5. If something’s worrying you, you should tell about it now. OFF

=> If you have______________________________________________________________

1. Failing to pay taxes, you will be put behind bars.

behind bars: ngồi tù

2. To everyone’s surprise, the work went down the pan/bumps.

go down the pan/ bumps: thất bại hoàn toàn

3. On arrival at the shop, the goods will be put under the microscope.

be put under the microscope: kiểm tra kĩ càng

4. Why don’t you have it out with your boss right now?

have it out with sb: chấm dứt sự tranh cãi bằng cách nói chuyện trực tiếp với đối phương

5. If you have any problem, you should get it off your chest now.

get sth off your chest: trút bầu tâm sự

Part 2: Rewrite the following sentences using the words given

1. Many creatures still survive and thrive in the harsh conditions of the deserts.

=> Harsh ___________________________________________________________________.

2. She is prohibited from importing animal products for fear of spreading infectious diseases.

=> Lest ___________________________________________________________________.

3. We had to go home early from our holiday because of a strike threat from airport workers.

=> We had to cut ___________________________________________________________________.

4. The thought passed through his mind and the decision was taken a moment later.

=> The thought had no ________________________________________________________________.

5. Nowadays I consider taking up a hobby to be far less important than I used to.

=> Nowadays I don’t attach nearly _______________________________________

1. Harsh as/though the conditions in the deserts are, many creatures still survive and thrive.

Adj/adv + as/though + S + V, clause =However adj/adv + S + V, clause ⇒ mặc dù / dù là..., thì

2. Lest she (should) spread infectious diseases, she is prohibited from importing animal products.

Cấu trúc: Lest + S + (should ) + V = Vì e rằng, sợ rằng …..

3. We had to cut our holiday short because of a strike threat from airport workers.

Cut (someone or something) short" = Cắt ngang/cắt ngắn -> Làm gián đoạn để ai ngừng nói; kết thúc
cái gì một cách đột ngột/không như dự tính.

4. The thought had no sooner passed through his mind than the decision was taken.

Cấu trúc no sooner…than

5. Nowadays I don't attach nearly as/so much importance to taking up a hobby as I used to.

attach importance/significance etc to something =to believe that something is important

Part 3. Write an essay about 50 words for the following topic:

Some people believe that children should study all subjects at school, while others think they should
only study subjects they are good at or find interesting. Discuss both views and give your opinion.