Candidate’s Name: ………………………………………………………… Assessment Number: …………………………………………

School Name: ……………………………………………………………………. School Code: …………………………………………………………

Candidate’s Signature: ………………………………..…………….Date: …………………………………………………….…………….

COMPETENCE BASED EDUCATION

KENYA JUNIOR SCHOOL EDUCATION ASSESSMENT

906/1 AGRICULTURE AND NUTRITION (Theory)

PAPER 1 JUNE 2025 Time: 1 hour 40 minutes

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. Fill in all the details above.

2. This paper consists of two sections: A and B.
3. Section A comprises Multiple Choice Questions numbered 1 to 30.
4. Section B comprises short, structured questions number 31 to 42.
5. Answer ALL the questions in section A on the separate ANSWER SHEET
provided.
6. Answer ALL the questions in section B in the spaces provided in this
QUESTION PAPER.
7. Do NOT remove any page from this question paper.
8. Answer ALL the questions in English.

For official use only SECTION B

Task Question Maximum score Candidate’s score Total per task

Task 1: Agriculture 31 3
32 3
33 3
34 3
35 4
36 4
37 4
Task 2: Nutrition 38 2
39 2
40 5
41 2
42 5

This paper consists of 10 printed pages. Candidates should check the question paper
to ascertain that all the pages are printed as indicated and that no questions are
missing. © 2025 The competence based assessment Turn over
SECTION A (30 marks)

Answer ALL the questions in this section.

Please read these instructions carefully

1. You have been given this question paper and a separate answer sheet.
This section consists of 30 multiple choice questions.
2. Answer ALL questions in this section on the ANSWER SHEET provided, NOT
on the question paper.
3. Do all the necessary rough work on the question paper.

HOW TO USE THE ANSWER SHEET

4. Use an ordinary HB pencil.

5. Confirm that the answer sheet you have been provided with has the
following: YOUR ASSESSMENT NUMBER YOUR NAME NAME OF YOUR SCHOOL NAME OF
THE SUBJECT
6. Keep the answer sheet clean and dry. DO NOT fold it.
7. For each of the questions 1 – 30, four answers are given. The answers
are lettered A, B, C and D. In each case, only ONE of the four choices
is correct. Choose the correct answer.
8. On the answer sheet, the correct answer is to be shown by drawing a DARK
LINE inside the box in which the letter you have chosen is written.

Example

In the Question Paper:

17. Nairobi City dwellers put garbage at designated areas. The huge
amounts of garbage are collected by trucks and deposited at the Dandora
dumpsite. This pollutes soil mainly by

A. agricultural chemical wastes. B. artificial fertilizer application.

C. plastic wastes. D. waste water.

The correct answer is ‘C’.

On the answer sheet, In the set of boxes numbered 17, draw a DARK LINE inside
the box with the letter C printed in it as marked below.

17. [A] [B] [C] [D]

18. Your dark line MUST be inside the box. DO NOT make any marks
outside the boxes.

19. For each question, ONLY ONE box is to be marked.

 SECTION A (30 marks)

Answer ALL the questions in this section.

1. Which one of the following is a A. Phosphorus.

benefit of establishing woodlots B. Potassium.
in a school compound? C. Nitrogen.
A. Increased soil erosion. D. Calcium.
B. Provision of timber for sale.
C. Improved aesthetic value. 3. Which one of the following
D. Increased wild animal methods of soil conservation is
population. most suitable for steep slopes?
2. A farmer observed that the leaves A. Mulching.
of his sukumawiki wiki crop were B. Terracing.
turning yellow. This is likely C. Grass stripping.
caused by a deficiency of which D. Cover cropping.
nutrient?

Study the diagram below showing a method of water harvesting and

conservation.

Use it to answer questions 4 and 5.

4. Identify the method of water harvesting method shown?

harvesting shown in the diagram. A. It requires a large area of
A. Farm pond. land.
B. Weir. B. The water collected may be
C. Earth dam. contaminated.
D. Roof catchment. C. It is only suitable for flat
5. Which one of the following is a areas.
disadvantage of the water
 D. It does not collect enough
water for domestic use.

6. Which one of the following is a

physical method of pest control
in crop production?
A. Use of scarecrows.
B. Spraying with pesticides.
C. Crop rotation.
D. Use of resistant varieties.

The following picture shows a common practice in vegetable farming. Use it to

answer questions 7 and 8.

7. Identify the practice shown in

the picture.
A. Weeding. A. High egg production.
B. Thinning. B. Easy control of diseases and
C. Gapping. pests.
D. Transplanting. C. Low feeding costs.
8. Which one of the following tools D. Requires less space.
is most suitable for carrying out
the practice shown in the 10. Which one of the following
picture? is a sign of a healthy animal?
A. Garden trowel. A. Dull coat.
B. Fork hoe. B. Standing away from the group.
C. Jembe. C. Bright eyes.
D. Rake. D. Loss of appetite.
11. Which one of the following
9. A farmer is keeping poultry under is a legume crop commonly grown
the free-range system. Which one in Kenya?
of the following is an advantage A. Maize. B. Cabbage.
of this system? C. Beans. D. Irish potato.

12. Integrated farming involves

combining different farming
enterprises on the same farm.
Which of the following
combinations represents
integrated farming?
A. Growing maize and beans.
 B. Rearing dairy cattle and 17. Kwashiorkor is a deficiency
sheep. disease caused by lack of which
C. Growing vegetables and keeping nutrient?
poultry.
D. Growing coffee and tea.

13. Pruning is a caring practice

in fruit tree farming. What is
the main purpose of pruning?

A. Vitamins. B. Minerals.
C. Carbohydrates. D. Proteins.
A. To control pests and diseases.
B. To encourage vegetative
18. Which of the following foods
growth.
is a good source of Vitamin C?
C. To remove unwanted branches.
D. To increase the number of
fruits.
A B
14. Which one of the following
is a tool used for harvesting
maize?
A. Panga. B. Sickle.
C. Hoe. D. Shears.
15. Crop rotation is practiced
to maintain soil fertility and
control pests and diseases. Which
of the following is a correct
sequence for a simple crop
rotation plan? C D
A. Maize -> Cabbage -> Beans.
B. Beans -> Maize -> Cabbage.
C. Cabbage -> Beans -> Maize.
D. Maize -> Beans -> Cabbage. 19. What is the main reason for
adding yeast when making bread?
16. Which one of the following A. To add colour.
is the main function of B. To improve taste.
carbohydrates in the diet? C. To make the dough rise.
A. Building and repairing body D. To preserve the bread.
tissues. 20. Which one of the following
B. Providing energy. cooking methods involves cooking
C. Protecting the body against food in hot oil or fat?
diseases. A. Boiling. B. Steaming.
D. Regulating body processes. C. Frying. D. Baking.

21. Blanching is a pre-treatment

method for preserving vegetables.
 What is the main purpose of 27. Which of the following is a
blanching? tool used for sweeping floors?
A. To improve the flavour. A. Mop.
B. To inactivate enzymes. B. Bucket.
C. To add colour. C. Dustpan.
D. To reduce cooking time. D. Broom.

22. Which of the following is a 28. What is the primary reason

correct practice for storing dry for airing bedding daily?
foodstuff like flour and sugar? A. To remove dust.
A. Storing in open containers to B. To make it smell fresh.
allow air circulation. C. To kill bedbugs.
B. Storing in damp places to D. To save energy.
prevent drying.
C. Storing in airtight containers 29. Which of the following
in a cool, dry place. sewing tools is used for cutting
D. Storing near the cooking area fabric?
for easy access. A. Pins.
B. Needles.
23. What is the main purpose of C. Scissors.
garnishing a meal? D. Tape measure.
A. To increase the nutritional
value. 30. Which one of the following
B. To improve the appearance and stitches is used for joining two
appeal. pieces of fabric together
C. To make the food last longer. permanently?
D. To reduce the cost of the A. Basting stitch.
meal. B. Hemming stitch.
C. Running stitch.
24. Which food serving style is D. Back stitch.
suitable for a large group of
people where food is arranged on
a table and people serve
themselves?
A. Plate service.
B. Family service.
C. Buffet service.
D. Silver service.

25. Which one of the following

materials is most suitable for
cleaning greasy kitchen surfaces?
A. Cold water and detergent.
B. Hot water and detergent.
C. Cold water only.
D. Hot water only.

26. Disinfecting a toilet bowl

helps to:
A. Remove stains.
B. Kill germs.
C. Remove bad smell.
D. Make it shine.
 SECTION B (40 marks)

Answer ALL the questions in this section.

31. Soil erosion is a major problem in agriculture.

(a) Define the term soil erosion. (1 mark)

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

(b) Give two agents of soil erosion. (2 marks)

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

32. Crop pests can cause significant damage to crops. (a) State one way
in which pests damage crops. (1 mark)

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

(b) Outline two cultural methods of controlling crop pests. (2 marks)

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

33. A farmer wants to establish a small fish pond on their farm. (a)
State one reason why a farmer would keep fish. (1 mark)

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

(b) Outline two factors the farmer should consider when locating the fish
pond. (2 marks)

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

34. Integrated pest management (IPM) is a modern approach to controlling

pests. (a) What is integrated pest management? (1 mark)
 ________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

(b) Give two benefits of using IPM compared to relying only on chemical
pesticides. (2 marks)

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

35. Forage conservation is important for livestock farmers. (a) Name two
types of forage that can be conserved. (2 marks)

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

(b) Give two reasons for conserving forage. (2 marks)

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

36. Livestock require different types of feeds for healthy growth and
production. (a) Name two classes of livestock feeds. (2 marks)

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

(b) Give two examples of maintenance feeds for cattle. (2 marks)

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

37. A school garden is being established by Grade 7 learners. (a)

Outline two safety precautions the learners should observe when using
garden tools. (2 marks)

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

(b) Give two advantages of establishing a school garden. (2 marks)

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
38. Maintaining proper hygiene in the kitchen is essential for food
safety. Outline two daily cleaning activities carried out in a kitchen.
(2 marks)

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

39. Ironing is done to remove creases from clothes. Outline two reasons
for ironing clothes. (2 marks)

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

40. Meal planning is an important skill in nutrition. (a) State two

reasons for planning meals. (2 marks)

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

(b) Suggest three food items that could be included in a healthy

breakfast for a school-going child. (3 marks)

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

41. Disinfectants are used in cleaning. Outline two places in a home

where disinfectants should be used. (2 marks)

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

42. You are preparing scrambled eggs for breakfast. (a) Outline two
ingredients you will need besides eggs. (2 marks)

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

(b) Highlight three qualities of well-cooked scrambled eggs. (3 marks)

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
 THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE.

ANSWERS

Section A (30 marks)

Answer ALL the questions in this section on the separate answer sheet provided.

1. Which one of the following is a benefit of establishing woodlots in a school

compound?

 B. Provision of timber for sale. (While woodlots can improve aesthetics,

their primary benefit is often the provision of wood.)

2. A farmer observed that the leaves of his sukumawiki crop were turning yellow.
This is likely caused by a deficiency of which nutrient?

 C. Nitrogen. (Yellowing of leaves, especially older ones, is a common

symptom of nitrogen deficiency.)

3. Which one of the following methods of soil conservation is most suitable for
steep slopes?

 B. Terracing. (Terraces create level steps that reduce water runoff and
soil erosion on steep slopes.)

Study the diagram below showing a method of water harvesting and conservation.

4. Identify the method of water harvesting shown in the diagram.

 C. Earth dam. (The diagram depicts a barrier built across a waterway to

trap water.)

5. Which one of the following is a disadvantage of the water harvesting method

shown?

 B. The water collected may be contaminated. (Open water bodies like earth
dams are susceptible to pollution.)

6. Which one of the following is a physical method of pest control in crop

production?

 A. Use of scarecrows. (Scarecrows are physical barriers or deterrents.)

The following picture shows a common practice in vegetable farming. Use it to answer
questions 7 and 8.

7. Identify the practice shown in the picture.

 D. Transplanting. (The picture shows seedlings being moved from a nursery

to a planting bed.)

8. Which one of the following tools is most suitable for carrying out the practice
shown in the picture?

 A. Garden trowel. (A trowel is ideal for making small holes for

transplanting seedlings.)
9. A farmer is keeping poultry under the free-range system. Which one of the
following is an advantage of this system?

 C. Low feeding costs. (Free-range birds can forage for some of their food.)

10. Which one of the following is a sign of a healthy animal?

 C. Bright eyes. (Dull coat, isolation, and loss of appetite are signs of
illness.)

11. Which one of the following is a legume crop commonly grown in Kenya?

 C. Beans. (Legumes are plants in the family Fabaceae, and beans are a
common example.)

12. Integrated farming involves combining different farming enterprises on the

same farm. Which of the following combinations represents integrated farming?

 C. Growing vegetables and keeping poultry. (This allows for potential

synergies, like using poultry manure as fertilizer for vegetables.)

13. Pruning is a caring practice in fruit tree farming. What is the main
purpose of pruning?

 C. To remove unwanted branches. (Pruning helps shape the tree, improve

airflow, and increase fruit production.)

14. Which one of the following is a tool used for harvesting maize?

 A. Panga. (A panga is a common tool for cutting maize stalks.)

15. Crop rotation is practiced to maintain soil fertility and control pests and
diseases. Which of the following is a correct sequence for a simple crop
rotation plan?

 B. Beans -> Maize -> Cabbage. (Legumes like beans fix nitrogen in the soil,
benefiting subsequent crops.)

16. Which one of the following is the main function of carbohydrates in the
diet?

 B. Providing energy. (Carbohydrates are the body's primary source of

energy.)

17. Kwashiorkor is a deficiency disease caused by lack of which nutrient?

 D. Proteins. (Kwashiorkor is a form of malnutrition resulting from protein

deficiency.)

18. Which of the following foods is a good source of Vitamin C?

 A. (The image shows citrus fruits, which are rich in Vitamin C.)

19. What is the main reason for adding yeast when making bread?

 C. To make the dough rise. (Yeast produces carbon dioxide, which causes the
dough to leaven.)
 20. Which one of the following cooking methods involves cooking food in hot oil
or fat?

 C. Frying. (Frying is the process of cooking food by immersing it in hot

oil or fat.)

21. Blanching is a pre-treatment method for preserving vegetables. What is the

main purpose of blanching?

 B. To inactivate enzymes. (Blanching stops enzyme action that can cause

spoilage.)

22. Which of the following is a correct practice for storing dry foodstuff like
flour and sugar?

 C. Storing in airtight containers in a cool, dry place. (This prevents

moisture absorption and pest infestation.)

23. What is the main purpose of garnishing a meal?

 B. To improve the appearance and appeal. (Garnishes enhance the visual

presentation of food.)

24. Which food serving style is suitable for a large group of people where food
is arranged on a table and people serve themselves?

 C. Buffet service. (Buffets allow guests to choose and serve themselves.)

25. Which one of the following materials is most suitable for cleaning greasy
kitchen surfaces?

 B. Hot water and detergent. (Hot water helps to dissolve grease, and
detergent breaks it down.)

26. Disinfecting a toilet bowl helps to:

 B. Kill germs. (Disinfectants are designed to eliminate harmful

microorganisms.)

27. Which of the following is a tool used for sweeping floors?

 D. Broom. (A broom is specifically designed for sweeping.)

28. What is the primary reason for airing bedding daily?

 A. To remove dust. (Airing helps to get rid of dust mites and allergens.)

29. Which of the following sewing tools is used for cutting fabric?

 C. Scissors. (Scissors are designed for cutting.)

30. Which one of the following stitches is used for joining two pieces of
fabric together permanently?

 D. Back stitch. (A back stitch creates a strong, solid seam.)

Section B (40 marks)

Answer ALL the questions in this section.

31. Soil erosion is a major problem in agriculture. (a) Define the term soil
erosion. (1 mark) Soil erosion is the process by which the topsoil is worn away
and transported by natural forces such as water, wind, and gravity. (b) Give two
agents of soil erosion. (2 marks)

 Water

 Wind

32. Crop pests can cause significant damage to crops. (a) State one way in
which pests damage crops. (1 mark) Pests can damage crops by feeding on leaves,
stems, roots, or fruits. (b) Outline two cultural methods of controlling crop
pests. (2 marks)

 Crop rotation: Planting different types of crops in a sequence can disrupt

pest life cycles.

 Timely planting: Planting crops at the optimal time can help them avoid
peak pest infestations.

33. A farmer wants to establish a small fish pond on their farm. (a) State one
reason why a farmer would keep fish. (1 mark) Fish can be a source of food for
the farmer's family or for sale. (b) Outline two factors the farmer should
consider when locating the fish pond. (2 marks)

 Availability of a reliable water source.

 Suitable topography that allows for easy construction and drainage.

34. Integrated pest management (IPM) is a modern approach to controlling pests.

(a) What is integrated pest management? (1 mark) Integrated Pest Management
(IPM) is a strategy that uses a combination of methods to control pests
effectively and with minimal harm to the environment and human health.
(b) Give two benefits of using IPM compared to relying only on chemical
pesticides. (2 marks)

 Reduces the risk of pesticide resistance in pests.

 Minimizes environmental pollution and harm to beneficial organisms.

35. Forage conservation is important for livestock farmers. (a) Name two types
of forage that can be conserved. (2 marks)

 Hay

 Silage (b) Give two reasons for conserving forage. (2 marks)

 To provide feed for livestock during periods of scarcity, such as the dry
season.

 To preserve the nutritional value of forage for later use.

36. Livestock require different types of feeds for healthy growth and
production. (a) Name two classes of livestock feeds. (2 marks)

 Roughages
  Concentrates (b) Give two examples of maintenance feeds for cattle. (2
marks)

 Mature grass hay

 Straw

37. A school garden is being established by Grade 7 learners. (a) Outline two
safety precautions the learners should observe when using garden tools. (2
marks)

 Always carry tools with the sharp edges pointing downwards.

 Use the right tool for the specific task. (b) Give two advantages of
establishing a school garden. (2 marks)

 Provides hands-on learning opportunities in agriculture and nutrition.

 Can supplement school feeding programs with fresh produce.

38. Maintaining proper hygiene in the kitchen is essential for food safety.
Outline two daily cleaning activities carried out in a kitchen. (2 marks)

 Washing dishes and utensils after each use.

 Wiping down countertops and food preparation surfaces.

39. Ironing is done to remove creases from clothes. Outline two reasons for
ironing clothes. (2 marks)

 To make clothes look neat and presentable.

 To kill any remaining germs or pests that might be on the fabric.

40. Meal planning is an important skill in nutrition. (a) State two reasons for
planning meals. (2 marks)

 To ensure a balanced intake of nutrients.

 To save time and money on grocery shopping and food preparation. (b)
Suggest three food items that could be included in a healthy breakfast for
a school-going child. (3 marks)

 Whole-grain porridge or bread

 Fruits (e.g., banana, mango)

 Milk or yogurt

41. Disinfectants are used in cleaning. Outline two places in a home where
disinfectants should be used. (2 marks)

 Toilets and bathrooms

 Kitchen surfaces, especially where raw meat or poultry has been prepared.

42. You are preparing scrambled eggs for breakfast. (a) Outline two ingredients
you will need besides eggs. (2 marks)

 Milk or cream
 Cooking oil or butter (b) Highlight three qualities of well-cooked
scrambled eggs. (3 marks)

 Soft and moist texture

 Light yellow color

 No visible watery liquid