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DISS-MODULE-PREFINALS

The document covers three main theories in social sciences: Rational Choice Theory, Institutionalism, and Feminist Theory. Rational Choice Theory, initiated by Adam Smith, posits that individuals make decisions based on perceived benefits outweighing costs. Institutionalism, introduced by Immanuel Kant, examines how norms and regulations shape social behavior, while Feminist Theory, led by Mary Wollstonecraft, focuses on gender inequality and women's rights within societal structures.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
3 views3 pages

DISS-MODULE-PREFINALS

The document covers three main theories in social sciences: Rational Choice Theory, Institutionalism, and Feminist Theory. Rational Choice Theory, initiated by Adam Smith, posits that individuals make decisions based on perceived benefits outweighing costs. Institutionalism, introduced by Immanuel Kant, examines how norms and regulations shape social behavior, while Feminist Theory, led by Mary Wollstonecraft, focuses on gender inequality and women's rights within societal structures.

Uploaded by

Rachelle Soleres
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DISCIPLINE AND IDEAS IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES (PRE-FINALS)

NAME: _____________________________________________________
GRADE/STRAND:________________________

LESSON 1: RATIONAL CHOICE


THEORY WHO STARTED RATIONAL CHOICE THEORY?
Adam Smith was a Scottish economist and philosopher who was a pioneer in the thinking of political
economy and key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment.
Born: Kirkcaldy, United Kingdom
Died: July 17, 1790, Adam Smith's Panmure House, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Rational Choice Theory


It is the view that people behave as they do because they believe that performing their chosen actions has
more benefits than costs. That is, people make rational choices based on their goals, and those choices
govern their behavior.
• Cost - an amount that has to be paid or spent to buy or obtain something.
• Benefit - an advantage or profit gained from something

Example:
Buying a buy 1 take 1 product rather than the branded and famous brand.

Assumptions of Rational Choice Theory Description


1. IndividualismIt is the ability of individuals to ultimately take
actions. (independent, self-reliant).
2. Optimality individuals choose their actions optimally, given
their individual preferences as well as the
opportunities or constraints with which the
individuals face. (best or most effective)
3. Structures These structures and norms that dictate a single
course of action are merely special cases of rational
choice theory.
4. Self-Regarding Interest This assumption states that the actions of an
individual is concerned entirely with his/her own
welfare.

5. Rationality It is the most predominant assumption of the


rational choice theory.

Instructions: On a yellow paper, answer the following comprehensively.

1. What is rational choice theory?

2. How does rational choice theory works?

ACTIVITY
NO. 1

3. Give two scenarios that shows rational choice theory.


LESSON 2:
INSTITUTIONALISM WHO STARTED INSTITUTIONALISM THEORY?
Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers. Born in
Königsberg, Kant's comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and
aesthetics.
Born: April 22, 1724, Königsberg
Died: February 12, 1804 (age 79 years), Königsberg

INSTITUTIONALISM
A social science theory which considers a process by which norms, practices, constitutional law, rights,
customary laws, structures, schemas and routine becomes guidelines to social behavior (Scott, 2004).

INSTITUTIONALIZATION
It is a process of embedding regulations, norms, schemas, rules within a social system or a society that
regulates human interaction.

INSTITUTION
It is an established regulations, law, norms and customs. This may be classified as Formal and Informal
Institution.
1. FORMAL INSTITUTION
These are the formally establishedinstitutions by a governing body. One example of formal institution
isthe Philippine Government. It has power to impose new restriction that has created a “New Normal”. We
shouldn’t be going out without a mask, maintain social distancing or stay at home policy.
Some other examples of formal institutions are the Student Supreme Government at school,
corporations, the cooperative in your own barangays, labour union, religious institutions or any
organizationsthat provide structure in the society and the economy. It has formallywritten laws that sets
standard in the society.

2. INFORMAL INSTITUTION
These are not formally established but the practices are widely accepted in a society. In many society, all
types of informal institution is applied in different activities. The practice of Aduyun (the community
coming together to help someone in need) among the Ibaloys. The practice of Upo, a local term for any
amount of money being extended to the family of a dead person. It is not a rule to give to the family of the
dead but it is a practice that is widely accepted among the Ibaloys and Kankanaeys of Benguet. In some
instances, anyone in a society who do not follow these norms could be frowned upon.

ACTIVITY NO.
2 Instructions: Answer the following questions comprehensively:

1. What is institutionalism?

2. Give one situation that shows the intuitionalism or institutional theory.

3. Give one situation that shows the intuitionalism or institutional theory.

4. What is Feminist Theory?


LESSON 3: FEMINIST THEORY AND HUMAN
ENVIRONMENT SYSTEMS
Who started Feminist theory?
Mary Wollstonecraft was a British writer, philosopher, and advocate of women's rights. Until the late
20th century, Wollstonecraft's life, which encompassed several unconventional personal relationships,
received more attention than her writing.

Born: April 27, 1759, Spitalfields, London, United Kingdom


Died: September 10, 1797 (age 38 years), Somers Town, London, United Kingdom

She is best known for A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), in which she argues that women are
not naturally inferior to men but appear to be only because they lack education. She suggests that both
men and women should be treated as rational beings and imagines a social order founded on reason.

FEMINIST THEORY
 Feminist theory is a major branch of sociology that shifts its assumptions, analytic lens, and topical
focus away from the male viewpoint and experience toward that of women.
 Feminist Theory is a way of looking at the social world through the lens of gender inequality. The
focus is on male and female 'power.'
 Feminist theory addresses the roles women have in society and the ongoing battles women face.
Most importantly, this way of thinking about the social world focuses on the rights of women,
including: economic, sexual, reproductive, property, and voting rights.

HUMAN ENVIRONMENT SYSTEMS


Human-environment systems (HES) are defined as the interaction of human systems with
corresponding environmental or technological systems.
Human-Environment System examines the interface between human and natural systems. It
explores how humans depend on and adapt to their environments, and how they modify environments to
suit their needs. However, this interaction can have negative effects like pollution and climate change that
threaten sustainability. The human environment consists of the areas where humans live and the ways
they shape and are shaped by their surroundings through activities, infrastructure, culture and social
structures.

ACTIVITY NO. 3
Instructions: Identify the correct term or person for each of the following questions. Write your answers
in the space provided.
1. Who is known as the pioneer of feminist theory and authored "A Vindication
of the Rights of Woman"?
2. What major branch of sociology shifts focus from male viewpoints to
women's experiences?
3. In what year was "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman" published?
4. What concept refers to the ongoing battles women face regarding their
societal roles and rights?
5. What are the rights emphasized by feminist theory that include economic,
sexual, reproductive, property, and voting rights?
6. What term describes the interaction between human systems and
environmental or technological systems?
7. What negative effects can arise from the interaction between human and
natural systems?
8. What term refers to the areas where humans live and how they shape their
surroundings?
9. What is the primary focus of feminist theory in terms of social dynamics?
10. What does the human-environment system explore regarding human
dependency and adaptation?

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