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Advanced Composite Material

The document discusses advanced composite materials used in smart structures, highlighting their ability to sense and respond to external stimuli, which is beneficial for various engineering fields. It reviews different types of composite materials, including reinforced concrete, bamboo, and fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP), emphasizing their advantages such as high strength, low weight, and corrosion resistance. The conclusion stresses the importance of designing components with composites in mind and acknowledges the need for ongoing research and development in this area.

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Musa Abdul
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6 views5 pages

Advanced Composite Material

The document discusses advanced composite materials used in smart structures, highlighting their ability to sense and respond to external stimuli, which is beneficial for various engineering fields. It reviews different types of composite materials, including reinforced concrete, bamboo, and fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP), emphasizing their advantages such as high strength, low weight, and corrosion resistance. The conclusion stresses the importance of designing components with composites in mind and acknowledges the need for ongoing research and development in this area.

Uploaded by

Musa Abdul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ADVANCED COMPOSITE MATERIAL

Viraj Dhimmar1, Hiren A.Rathod2


M.E.Student, Civil Eng. Dept., SNPIT &RC, Umrakh(GTU), Bardoli, Gujarat, India1
Ass. Professor, Civil Eng. Dept., SNPIT &RC, Umrakh(GTU), Bardoli, Gujarat, India2

Abstract: Many advanced composite materials have been proposed for smart structures.
Beside the aramid, glass and carbon fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) used to replace steel
bars, strands, wires or tendons in the structures, FRP panels, membranes and textiles are
more and more used in all type of structures.
In the last few years, research has been conducted in the area of advanced composites to be
used as smart materials for smart structures. Smart structures and materials are defined as
systems which have two basic functions: the first is to sense any external stimuli and the
second to respond to that stimuli in some appropriate ways in real or near real time. This
intelligent health monitoring is very beneficial to aerospace, mechanical or civil structures.
The use of advanced composites for reinforcement as well as for sensing and actuating
purposes combined with sophisticated data acquisition and monitoring apparatus has been
proposed. In this review examines the sensing and actuating functions as an added value to
advanced composites to be used in smart structures and evaluates their potential
implications in improving the performance of the structure.

Keywords: Smart materials, Adaptive structures, Sensors, Actuators, FRP, Fibre Optics,
sandwich material.
INTRODUCTION
A composite material can be defined as a combination of two or more materials that
results in better properties than those of the individual components used alone. In
contrast to metallic alloys, each material retains its separate chemical, physical, and
mechanical properties. The two constituents are a reinforcement and a matrix. The
main advantages of composite materials are their high strength and stiffness, combined
with low density, when compared with bulk materials, allowing for a weight reduction
in the finished part.
Smart structures trace their origin to a field of research which envisioned devices and
materials that could mimic human muscular and nervous systems. The idea is to
produce non biological structures that will achieve the optimum functionality observed
in biological systems through emulation of their adaptive capabilities and integrated
design. Smart structures and materials consist of sensors and actuators that are either
embedded in, or attached to a structure, to form an integral part of the structure. The
structure or material and its related components form a system that will react in a
predicted manner and in a pattern that emulates a biological function. One of the first
attempts to use the smart materials technology involved materials.

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REVIEW
2.1 DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL
Reinforced Concrete
Bamboo, concrete and steel
Composite Building Structures:- Wood, Steel, Concrete
Sandwich Puff Panels
Sandwich Panel: Gypsum Plasterboards And Carton or saw
Insulation Sandwich Panel In Wood And PVC Foam
Fiber Reinforced Polymer(FRP)
2.1.1 REINFORCED CONCRETE
This are the composite two materials Steel and concrete. They make very good composites
and are essential for the construction of large structures like high-rise buildings, bridges.
Reinforced concrete is also relatively cheap and can be moulded into any shape.

Fig.1 Reinforced Concrete structure


2.1.2 BAMBOO,CONCRETE AND STEEL
Bamboo is a strong, renewable and environment friendly material. Bamboo has high tensile
strength, very good strength to weight ratio. It can resist forces created by high velocity wind
and earthquake. Bamboo and components made of bamboo are energy efficient and cost
effective. Transportation should be economic. A building system in which bamboo comprises
of various elements and fulfils the main structural role. Round bamboo columns and trussed
rafters act as the main load bearing element.

Fig.2 Bamboo structure


Composite bamboo cement mortar infill panels act as shear walls to resist wind and
seismic forces. The system comprises of –
FOUNDATION: individual column footings.
COLUMNS: bamboo culms set on concrete footing.
WALL INFILL: a grid of split bamboo covered in wire mesh and cement mortar.
ROOF STRUCTURE: bamboo rafters or trusses supporting bamboo purlins.
Corrugated bamboo mat board for roof covering.
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DOORS AND WINDOWS: bamboo mat board shutters.

Fig.3 Bamboo,concrete and steel

2.1.3 COMPOSITE BUILDING STRUCTURES:- WOOD, STEEL, CONCRETE


It has to composite to the wood , steel and concrete. It is use for the wall construction.

Fig.4 Light-weight Panels

2.1.4 SANDWICH PUFF PANELS


These panels consists of two facings of relatively thin metal sheet profiled of high strength
enclosing a core, which is relatively thick and light with required stiffness. The facings are of
ALUMINUM or STEEL.
Thicknesses -30 to 120 mm
Width -1000 mm to 1200 mm
Maximum Length -15 meter

Fig.5 Sandwich Puff Panels

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2.1.5 SANDWICH PANEL: GYPSUM PLASTERBOARDS AND CARTON OR SAW
This are the composite two materials gypsum plasterboard and carton or saw. Its
Applications: partition wall , ceiling and furniture also.

Fig.6 sandwich panel: gypsum plasterboards and carton or saw

2.1.6 INSULATION SANDWICH PANEL IN WOOD AND PVC FOAM


Resistant to hydrocarbons, alkalis, diluted acids, sea water, petrol and diesel fuel. Reduce
weight up to 80% compare to plywood. Application for the wood shutter near at water area
and balcony railing.

2.1.7 FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMER(FRP)


In many structural applications of civil, mechanical, or other engineering, more and more
components are designed and produced with composites. There has been an increasing
popularity of glass and carbon reinforced polymer (FRP) to replace steel bars, strands, wires
or tendons used in reinforcing and prestressing techniques for the construction, rehabilitation
and upgrading of civil engineering works, such as retaining walls, beams and bridges. FRP is
used, for the entire project or for an autonomous component of the structure, as the initial
reinforcement or to strengthen the existing structure. In recent years, a myriad of FRP
composite products has been proposed and each has its particularities, advantages and
disadvantages.
Beside the use of FRP as bars, filaments, fibres or tendons, FRP panels, membranes or
textiles are used more and more in all types of constructions. Despite the significant advances
in the latest manufacturing processes, including automated or hand fabric layups, fibre
placement, resin molding, pultrusion, thermoplastic or/and thermoforming, their cost is still
high. Their selection as alternative to other materials is only possible because the tradeoffs
between the cost on one hand and the weight, handling, transportation and flexibility of
various design configurations prior to concept selection are very attractive and economic. In
the last decades, this subject has been widely studied and the number of conferences and
meetings dealing with this issue, including this meeting, is growing rapidly.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS


The advantages of composites are many, including lighter weight, the ability to tailor the
layup for optimum strength and stiffness, improved fatigue life, corrosion resistance, and,
with good design practice, reduced assembly costs due to fewer detail parts and fasteners.
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APPLICATIONS
Applications include aerospace, transportation, construction, marine goods, sporting goods,
and more recently infrastructure, with construction and transportation being the largest. In
general, high-performance but more costly continuous-carbon-fiber composites are used
where high strength and stiffness along with light weight are required, and much lower-cost
fiber glass composites are used in less demanding applications where weight is not as critical.

CONCLUSION
Components must be designed with composites in mind from the onset of the design process.
For this reason, the designer must have a good understanding of the candidate materials and
must be well versed in the manufacturing techniques that may be employed. Day by day,
Increased No. of developments in the area of fabrication science in tune with the requirement
of dimensions, strength application.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The author thankfully acknowledge to Mr. J.N.Patel, Chairman Vidyabharti Trust, Mr.
K.N.Patel, Hon. Secretary, Vidyabharti Trust, Dr. H.R.Patel, Director, Dr.J.A.Shah,
Principal, Dr. Neeraj Sharma, Head of Civil Engineering Department, Our Guide, MR. Hiren
A. Rathod S.N.P.I.T.&R.C.,Umrakh, Bardoli, Gujarat, India for their motivational &
infrastructural supports to carry out this research.

REFERENCES
[01] CBS Enterprise Companies “COMPOSITE BUILDING STRUCTURES” Composite
Research & Manufacturing, LLC, & Composite Investment Group, LLC
[02] Chris J. Burgoyne “ADVANCED COMPOSITES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING IN
EUROPE” University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
[03] F.C. Campbell “INTRODUCTION TO COMPOSITE MATERIALS” ASM
International-2010
[04] Georges Akhras “ADVANCED COMPOSITES FOR SMART STRUCTURES”
Department of Civil Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario,
Canada, K7K 5L0
[05] Monika Smriti “SANDWICH PANELS” seminar on
[06] Praveen,Anudeep Raviteja “BAMBOO AS A CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL”
National Mission on Bamboo Application, Delhi
[07] Sethu Sai Krishna,Nithin Shenoy , Karan Shiyal ,harath Chandra,Sai

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