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The following is a list of commonly used terms in the Medical Industry along with names of
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Section 1: Medical Vocabulary

Section 2: Medical Acronyms
Section 3: Vaccine Information
Section 4: Pain Descriptors

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Medical Vocabulary

Term Spanish Translation Definition

Subcutaneous fat is belly fat you can feel if you pinch
extra skin and tissue around your middle. Visceral fat
Abdominal fat Grasa abdominal
is fat that builds up deep within the abdomen in the
space around the organs.
Not normal. Describes a state, condition, or behavior
that is unusual or different from what is considered
normal. In medicine, an abnormal lesion or growth in
Abnormal Anormal
or on the body may be benign (not cancer),
precancerous or premalignant (likely to become
cancer), or malignant (cancer). Also called atypical.
Medical procedure that ends a pregnancy. It can be
Abortion Aborto
done through medication or surgery.
Type of seizure characterized by brief, sudden lapses
in consciousness, typically lasting only a few seconds.
The person may appear to be staring blankly,
Absent mal (Petit mal) Crisis de ausencia
unresponsive, and may not remember the episode.
Absence seizures are most common in children and
usually involve subtle symptoms without convulsions.
Used for relief of pain and fever, better known as
Acetylsalicylic acid Acido acetilsalicílico
aspirin.
Condition where the body’s fluids contain too much
Acidosis Acidosis
acid, leading to a decrease in blood pH.
Acute conditions are severe and sudden in onset. This
Acute Agudo could describe anything from a broken bone to an
asthma attack.
Small, triangular-shaped glands located on top of
Adrenal glands Glándulas suprarrenales
each kidney.
Adrenocorticotropic The principal role of this hormone is to stimulate the
Hormona adrenocorticotrópica
hormone adrenal glands to produce and release cortisol.
Advance directives are legal documents that provide
instructions for medical care and only go into effect if
Directiva avanzada / Plan you cannot communicate your own wishes. The two
Advanced Directive
avanzado / Directiva anticipada most common advance directives for health care are
the living will and the durable power of attorney for
health care.
Natural process of growing older, involving a gradual
Aging Envejecimiento accumulation of changes in the body and mind over
time.
An allergen is a substance that can cause an allergic
Allergen Alérgeno
reaction. In some people, the immune system
Medical Vocabulary

recognizes allergens as foreign or dangerous. As a

result, the immune system reacts by making a type of
antibody called immunoglobulin E (IgE) to defend
against the allergen. This reaction leads to allergy
symptoms.
A person becomes allergic when their body develops
Allergic Alérgico
antigens against a substance.
The state of having the symptoms when a person's
Allergy Alergia immune system reacts to substances in the
environment that are harmless to most people.
Tiny, balloon-like structures located in the lungs
Alveoli Alveolos where the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon
dioxide) occurs
Amino acids are molecules that combine to form
Amino acid Aminoácido
proteins.
A type of antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial
Ampicillin Ampicilina
infections.
"Anabolic" refers to processes in the body that involve
the building up of complex molecules from simpler
Anabolic Anabólico ones. This is often associated with muscle growth,
tissue repair, and other bodily functions that create or
build substances.
Analgesics are medications used in the management
Analgesic Analgésico
and treatment of pain.
Anesthesia is a medical intervention that prevents
Anesthesia Anestesia patients from feeling pain during procedures like
surgery.
Anesthesiologist Anestesiólogo Doctors who specialize in giving patients anesthesia.
An abnormal bulge in the wall of a blood vessel
Aneurysm Aneurisma caused by a weakened area, most commonly found in
the aorta.
"Aneurysmal" refers to something related to or
affected by an aneurysm, which is a localized dilation
or bulging of a blood vessel due to weakness in the
Aneurysmal Aneurismático
vessel wall. Aneurysmal changes can occur in
arteries, often leading to serious health risks if the
aneurysm ruptures.
Is a type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow
to the heart. Angina is a symptom of coronary artery
Angina Angina de pecho
disease. Angina also is called angina pectoris. Angina
is often described as squeezing, pressure, heaviness,
Medical Vocabulary

tightness or pain in the chest.

(AAI), also known as atlantoaxial subluxation, is
radiologically identified increased mobility or laxity
Atlantoaxial instability Inestabilidad atlantoaxial between the body of the first cervical vertebra (atlas)
and the odontoid process of the second cervical
vertebra (axis).
Anthrax Antrax Serious infection caused by a bacteria.
refers to a substance or medication that inhibits the
growth of or destroys fungi. These agents are used to
Antifungal Antifungico
treat fungal infections, such as athlete's foot,
ringworm, or yeast infections.
"Antibiotic" refers to a type of medication used to
prevent and treat bacterial infections by killing or
Antibiotic Antibiotico
inhibiting the growth of bacteria. Antibiotics are
ineffective against viral infections.
An "antibody" is a protein produced by the immune
system in response to the presence of a foreign
Antibody Anticuerpo
substance, known as an antigen (such as bacteria,
viruses, or toxins).
These medications work by interfering with the blood
Anticoagulant, blood
Anticoagulante clotting process, helping to reduce the risk of stroke,
thinner
heart attack, deep vein thrombosis, etc.
An "antidepressant" is a type of medication used to
treat depression and other mood disorders by
balancing chemicals in the brain that affect mood and
Antidepressant Antidepresivo
emotions. These drugs help alleviate symptoms of
depression, anxiety, and other mental health
conditions.
An "antidote" is a substance that counteracts or
neutralizes the effects of a poison or toxin in the body.
Antidote Antídoto
It is used in medical treatments to reverse the harmful
effects of toxic substances.
Substance that triggers an immune response in the
Antigen Antigeno body. It is typically a foreign molecule or particle that
the immune system recognizes as potentially harmful.
Used to counteract the effects of histamine, a
Antihistamine Antihistaminico chemical released by the body during allergic
reactions.
"Anti-inflammatory" refers to a substance or
Anti-inflammatory Antiinflamatorio medication that reduces inflammation, which is the
body's response to injury or infection.
Medical Vocabulary

These drugs work by targeting and inhibiting the

Antimycotic Antimicotico growth of fungi, which can cause a variety of
infections.
"Aortal" pertains to the aorta, which is the largest
Aortal Aórtico artery in the body that carries oxygen-rich blood from
the heart to the rest of the body.
Apnea Apnea Temporary cessation of breathing.
Arrhythmia Arritmia Irregularity or abnormality in the heart's rhythm.
Thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the
Arteriosclerosis Arteriosclerosis
arterial walls.
"Arthritis" is an umbrella term for a group of more than
100 diseases that cause inflammation of the joints,
Arthritis Artritis leading to pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced
mobility. The most common types include
osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Or osteoarthritis, is a degenerative joint disease
characterized by the breakdown of cartilage, the
Arthrosis Artrosis
flexible tissue that cushions the ends of bones in
joints.
immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own
Autoimmune disease Enfermedad autoinmune
cells and tissues, thinking they are foreign invaders.
Unintended reverse flow of a fluid, such as blood,
Backflow Reflujo
within a system.
Used to describe a condition, tumor, or growth that is
Benign Benigno not harmful and does not pose a serious threat to
health.
Scientist who studies living organisms and their
Biologist Biólogo
interactions with the environment.
Medical procedure in which a sample of tissue is
Biopsy Biopsia removed from the body for examination under a
microscope.
Or contraception, refers to methods used to prevent
Birth control Anticonceptivo
pregnancy.
Muscular sac in the pelvis that stores urine produced
Bladder Vejiga by the kidneys until it is ready to be excreted from the
body.
Cells that circulate in the bloodstream and perform
Blood cells Células sanguíneas
various essential functions necessary for life.
Mass of blood that has clumped together from liquid
Blood clot Coágulo
to a gel-like or solid state.
Blood pressure Presión arterial Blood pressure is how powerfully your blood travels
Medical Vocabulary

through your blood vessels. Heart rate is the number

of times your heart beats in one minute.
Blood glucose, or blood sugar, is the main sugar found
Blood sugar Azúcar en sangre in your blood. It is your body's primary source of
energy. It comes from the food you eat.
"Blood supply" refers to the delivery of blood to a
specific tissue or organ in the body. It is essential for
providing oxygen and nutrients, removing waste
Blood supply Irrigación sanguínea
products, and maintaining proper function. The blood
supply is facilitated by a network of blood vessels,
including arteries, veins, and capillaries.
A "bony pocket" refers to a cavity or recess within a
bone that can serve various functions, such as
Cavidad Ósea housing certain anatomical structures or providing
Bony pocket
support. This term is often used in orthopedics and
anatomy to describe spaces where muscles, tendons,
or other tissues may attach or pass through.
"Bowel" refers to the part of the digestive system that
includes the intestines, specifically the large intestine
Bowel Intestino (colon) and small intestine. It is responsible for
digesting food, absorbing nutrients, and expelling
waste products from the body.
A "bowel movement" refers to the act of passing stool
Bowel Movement Movimiento intestinal
from the digestive tract through the anus.
Connects the brain to the spinal cord and regulates
Brain stem Tronco encefálico
many of the body's fundamental functions.
A "brain tumor" is an abnormal growth of cells within
the brain. Tumors can be benign (non-cancerous) or
Brain tumor Tumor cerebral
malignant (cancerous) and may arise from brain
tissue.
Process of feeding a baby with milk directly from the
Breastfeeding Amamantar
mother's breast.
Thin-walled airways in the lungs that lead to the
Bronchioles Bronquiolos
alveoli, the tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs.
Inflammation of the bronchial tubes, the airways that
Bronchitis Bronquitis
carry air to and from the lungs.
"Bronchopneumonia" is a type of pneumonia that
Broncho-pneumonia Bronconeumonía affects the bronchi (the large air passages from the
trachea to the lungs) and the surrounding lung tissue.
"Bronchopulmonary" pertains to both the bronchi (the
Bronchopulmonary Broncopulmonar
major air passages that branch from the trachea to the
Medical Vocabulary

lungs) and the pulmonary system (the lungs and

related structures). Term often used in medical
contexts to describe conditions, treatments, or
anatomical features that involve both the bronchial
and pulmonary systems.
Main passageways that direct air from the trachea into
Bronchus, pl. Bronchi Bronquios
the lungs.
The "caecum" (or cecum) is a pouch-like structure
Ciego (parte del intestino located at the beginning of the large intestine. It
Caecum
grueso) connects the ileum (the last part of the small
intestine) to the ascending colon.
"Cancerous" refers to cells or tumors that are
malignant and can invade and destroy surrounding
Cancerous Canceroso
tissues. Cancerous cells grow uncontrollably and can
spread to other parts of the body (metastasis).
Thin tube that can be inserted into the body to
Cannula Cánula
administer fluids, medications, or to collect samples.
"Cardiac arrest" is the sudden and unexpected
stopping of the heart's function, which causes a loss
of blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. It is a
Cardiac arrest Paro cardíaco medical emergency that requires immediate
treatment to prevent death. Cardiac arrest is different
from a heart attack, though a heart attack can trigger
cardiac arrest.
branch of medicine that deals with the study,
Cardiology Cardiología diagnosis, and treatment of disorders of the heart and
blood vessels (the cardiovascular system).
"Cardiopathy" refers to any disease or disorder
affecting the heart. This general term encompasses a
Cardiopathy Cardiopatía wide range of heart conditions, such as
cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease, and valvular
heart diseases.
"Cardiorespiratory" refers to anything related to both
the heart (cardio) and the respiratory system (lungs
and airways). This term is often used in the context of
Cardiorespiratory Cardiorespiratorio
cardiorespiratory fitness or health, which involves the
efficiency of the heart and lungs in supplying oxygen to
the body during physical activity.
"Cardiovascular" refers to anything related to the
Cardiovascular Cardiovascular heart (cardio) and the blood vessels (vascular
system). It is often used to describe the circulatory
Medical Vocabulary

system, which is responsible for pumping blood

throughout the body, as well as conditions or diseases
that affect the heart and blood vessels, such as
hypertension or heart disease.
"Cartilage" is a flexible, rubbery connective tissue
found in various parts of the body, including joints, the
nose, and the ears. It provides support, cushioning,
Cartilage Cartílago
and reduces friction between bones in joints. Unlike
bone, cartilage does not have blood vessels, so it
heals more slowly.
Common eye condition where the lens of the eye
Cataracts Cataratas
becomes cloudy or opaque, leading to impaired vision
Thin, flexible tube that is used to access various parts
Catheter Cateter
of the body for medical purposes
Medical term for a headache. It refers to pain or
Cephalalgia Cefálea
discomfort in the head or face area.
Thoracic cavity, is the space within the chest that
Chest cavity Cavidad torácica houses vital organs responsible for breathing and
circulation.
chronic liver disease characterized by the progressive
scarring of the liver tissue. This scarring impairs the
Cirrhosis Cirrosis
liver's ability to function properly and can lead to a
range of complications.
Commonly known as the collarbone, is a long, thin
Clavicle Clavicula bone that runs horizontally between the sternum
(breastbone) and the scapula (shoulder blade).
Or tailbone, is a small, triangular bone located at the
Coccyx Coxis base of the vertebral column, forming the last
segment of the human spine.
First milk produced by the mammary glands after
Colostrum Calostro giving birth, and it plays a crucial role in the newborn's
health and development
conditions or disorders that are present at birth. These
can result from genetic factors, environmental
Congenital Congenito
influences during pregnancy, or a combination of
both.
Chronic condition in which the heart is unable to
Congestive heart Insuficiencia cardíaca
pump blood effectively, leading to a buildup of fluid in
failure congestiva
the lungs and other parts of the body.
Refers to anything related to the coronary arteries,
Coronary Coronario
which are the blood vessels that supply blood to the
Medical Vocabulary

heart muscle.
Computed tomography scan, is a medical imaging
CT scan TC Tomografía computarizada technique that uses X-rays and computer technology
to create detailed cross-sectional images of the body.
Flat, typically circular container used in laboratories
Culture dish Placa de cultivo
to grow and study microorganisms, cells, or tissues.
Cutaneous Cutáneo Refers to anything related to or affecting the skin.
Term derived from Latin meaning "skin." In medical
Cutis Cutis and anatomical contexts, it generally refers to the skin
layers and their characteristics.
Closed sac-like structure that can form in various
Cyst Quiste tissues or organs within the body. It is typically filled
with liquid, semi-solid material, or gas.
Genetic disorder that primarily affects the lungs and
digestive system. It is caused by mutations in the
Cystic fibrosis Fibrosis quística CFTR gene, which encodes a protein responsible for
regulating the movement of salt and water in and out
of cells.
Inflammation of the bladder, often caused by a urinary
Cystitis Cistitis tract infection (UTI). It is more common in women
than in men and can be acute or chronic.
Gel-like substance that fills the interior of a cell,
Cytoplasm Citoplasma
excluding the nucleus.
Process of decomposition or breakdown of organic
Decay Deterioro
matter, substances, or structures over time.
Soft, sticky film of bacteria that forms on the surfaces
Dental plaque Placa dental
of teeth.
Serious mental health disorder that affects how a
person feels, thinks, and handles daily activities. It is
Depression Depresión characterized by persistent feelings of sadness,
hopelessness, and a lack of interest or pleasure in
activities once enjoyed.
Chronic medical condition characterized by high
blood sugar (glucose) levels due to the body’s inability
Diabetes Diabetes to produce enough insulin or use it effectively. Insulin
is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps
regulate blood sugar levels.
Process of identifying a disease or condition based on
Diagnosis Diagnostico the signs and symptoms presented by a patient, as
well as the results of medical tests and examinations.
Diagnostic imaging Diagnóstico por imágenes Variety of techniques used to visualize the interior of
Medical Vocabulary

the body for clinical analysis and medical

intervention.
Medical treatment that performs the function of the
kidneys when they are no longer able to effectively
Dialysis Diálisis
filter waste products and excess fluids from the blood
on their own.
Phase of the heart cycle when the heart muscle
Diastolic Diastólico
relaxes and the chambers fill with blood.
Anything related to the process of digestion, which is
the biochemical and mechanical breakdown of food
Digestive Digestivo
into smaller components that can be absorbed by the
body.
Dilation often describes the widening of blood vessels
Dilation Dilatación or the expansion of certain body openings, such as the
pupils in the eyes or the cervix during childbirth.
Primarily affects the mucous membranes of the throat
Diphtheria Difteria and nose, but it can also impact the skin and other
parts of the body.
Pathological condition of a bodily part, an organism,
or system resulting from various causes, including
Disease Enfermedad
infection, genetic defects, environmental factors, or
lifestyle choices.
Occurs when the bones in a joint are forced out of
Dislocation Dislocación
their normal position.
Type of medication or substance that promotes the
Diuretic, water pill Diurético removal of excess salt and water from the body by
increasing urine production.
Term that describes a range of sensations that can
include feelings of lightheadedness, unsteadiness, or
Dizziness Mareo
the sensation that the surroundings are spinning
(vertigo).
"Do Not Resuscitate." It is a medical order indicating
that a person does not wish to receive
DNR (Abbreviation) No reanimar cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or other life-
saving measures in the event of cardiac arrest or
respiratory failure.
Or dose, is a specific amount and frequency of a
Dosage Dosis medication or treatment that a patient is prescribed to
take.
State of feeling sleepy or lethargic, often
Drowsy Somnoliento
characterized by an overwhelming urge to sleep.
Medical Vocabulary

Substance that alters the physiological or

Drug Droga - Medicamento
psychological functions of the body when introduced.
It’s the first section of the small intestine, located just
Duodenum Duodeno after the stomach. It plays a crucial role in the
digestive process.
Infection of the intestines that causes severe diarrhea
Dysentery Disentería
with blood and mucus.
A group of genetic disorders that cause progressive
Dystrophy Distrofia
weakness and loss of muscle mass.
Swelling caused by an accumulation of fluid in the
Edema Edema
tissues of the body.
Electrocardiogram
(EKG) or Electrocardiograma o Medical test that measures the electrical activity of
Electrocardiography Electrocardiografía the heart over a period of time.
(ECG)
Occurs when a blockage forms in a blood vessel due
to a foreign substance traveling through the
Embolism Embolia
bloodstream. This blockage can restrict or stop blood
flow to various parts of the body.
The embryo represents the initial phase of
Embryo Embrión development following fertilization and preceding the
fetal stage.
Anything related to an embryo, which is the early
Embryonal Embrionario developmental stage of an organism following
fertilization.
Known as the emergency department (ED), is a
specialized area within a hospital designed to provide
Emergency room Sala de emergencias
immediate medical care for acute illnesses and
injuries.
Chronic lung disease that falls under the umbrella of
Emphysema Enfisema
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Inflammation of the brain tissue that can be caused by
Encephalitis Encefalitis
infections, autoimmune reactions, or other factors
The endocrine system is a network of glands that
Endocrine Endocrino
produce and release hormones into the bloodstream
Specialized organs in the body that produce and
Endocrine glands Glándulas endocrinas
secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
Medical procedure that uses an endoscope—a
Endoscopy Endoscopía flexible tube with a light and camera at the end—to
visualize the interior of a body cavity or organ
Engorgement Congestión mamaria Swelling or overfilling of a body part with fluid or blood
Medical Vocabulary

Biological catalyst that accelerates chemical

Enzyme Enzima reactions in living organisms. Enzymes are crucial for
various biochemical processes necessary for life.
Flap of cartilage located at the base of the tongue, just
Epiglottis Epiglotis
above the larynx (voice box) and in front of the trachea
neurological disorder characterized by recurrent
seizures due to abnormal electrical activity in the
Epilepsy Epilepsia brain. These seizures can vary in type and severity,
ranging from brief lapses of consciousness to full-
body convulsions.
Sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the
Epileptic seizure Convulsión epiléptica
brain that can cause a variety of symptoms.
Act of deliberately ending a person's life to relieve
Euthanasia Eutanasia suffering, typically in cases of terminal illness or
severe and incurable conditions.
Type of gland that releases its secretions through
Exocrine Exocrino
ducts to the exterior of the body or into a body cavity.
Also known as uterine tubes or oviducts, are a pair of
Fallopian tube Trompa de Falopio
thin, flexible tubes in the female reproductive system.
Or adipocytes, are specialized cells that store energy
Fat cells Células grasas in the form of fat. They play a crucial role in
metabolism, energy balance, and overall body health.
Also known as steatosis, is a condition characterized
Fatty liver Hígado graso
by the accumulation of excess fat in the liver cells.
Or thigh bone, is the longest and strongest bone in the
human body. It plays a crucial role in supporting the
Femur Fémur weight of the body during standing, walking, and
running, and it is a key component of the skeletal
system.
Developmental stage of a human or other mammalian
Fetus, pl. Fetuses Fetos embryo that occurs after the embryonic stage and
before birth.
In the context of the eyes, "flashes" refer to brief
Flashes Destellos bursts of light that a person may see, often described
as lightning streaks or flickering lights.
Small sac or cavity in biological tissues, and the term
is most commonly associated with two contexts:
Follicle Folículo
ovarian follicles in the female reproductive system
and hair follicles in the skin.
Anything related to fungi, which are a diverse group of
Fungal Fúngico
organisms that include yeasts, molds, and
Medical Vocabulary

mushrooms.
Serious and potentially life-threatening condition that
Gangrene Gangrena occurs when body tissues die due to a lack of blood
supply, infection, or both
Set of rules by which information encoded in genetic
Genetic code Código genético
material (DNA or RNA) is translated into proteins.
biotechnological process that involves the
Genetic engineering Ingeniería genética manipulation of an organism's genetic material to
modify its characteristics or functions.
Also known as rubella, is a contagious viral infection
German measles Rubeola
caused by the rubella virus
Gland Glándula -
It is the primary storage form of glucose, which is a
Glycogen Glucógeno
crucial source of energy for various bodily functions
Abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland, which is
Goiter Bocio located at the base of the neck, just below the Adam's
apple
(GH), also known as somatotropin, is a peptide
Growth hormone Hormona de crecimiento hormone produced by the pituitary gland that
stimulates growth.
A "heart attack," also known as a myocardial
infarction, occurs when the blood flow to a part of the
Heart attack Infarto
heart muscle is blocked, usually by a blood clot in a
coronary artery.
"Heart failure" is a chronic condition in which the
Heart failure Insuficiencia cardíaca heart is unable to pump blood effectively to meet the
body's needs for blood and oxygen.
It’s the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the
Hearth beat Latido heart muscle that pumps blood throughout the body.
It is typically measured in beats per minute (BPM)
Blood test measurement that determines the
Hematocrit Hematocrito proportion of blood volume occupied by red blood
cells (RBCs).
Protein in red blood cells that plays a crucial role in
transporting oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and
Hemoglobin Hemoglobina
returning carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the
lungs.
"Hemorrhage" refers to the loss of blood from the
Hemorrhage Hemorragia circulatory system, which can occur internally or
externally.
Hernia Hernia Occurs when an internal organ or tissue pushes
Medical Vocabulary

through a weak spot or opening in the surrounding

muscle or connective tissue
Hormone Hormona -
Sudden feelings of heat, often associated with
sweating and flushing of the skin. They are commonly
Hot flashes Sofocos
experienced during menopause but can occur due to
other medical conditions or treatments.
Strong, corrosive acid that is commonly found in
Hydrochloric acid Ácido clorhídrico various industrial, laboratory, and biological
applications
It plays a central role in regulating various
Hypothalamus Hipotálamo physiological processes and maintaining homeostasis
in the body
Medical condition that occurs when the body loses
heat faster than it can produce it, causing a
Hypothermia Hipotermia
dangerously low body temperature (typically below
95°F or 35°C)
Condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce
Hypothyroidism Hipotiroidismo
enough thyroid hormones to meet the body's needs
It is the body's defense mechanism against infections
and diseases. It comprises a network of cells, tissues,
Immune system Sistema inmunológico
and organs, including white blood cells, antibodies,
the spleen, and the lymphatic system.
"Immunization" is the process by which an individual's
Immunization Inmunización immune system becomes fortified against pathogens,
typically through vaccination.
Hormone produced by the pancreas that plays a
Insulin Insulina
crucial role in regulating blood sugar (glucose) levels.
Administration of substances directly into a person's
vein. This method is commonly used for delivering
Intravenous (IV) Intravenoso
fluids, medications, or nutrients quickly and
efficiently.
Medical condition characterized by the yellowing of
Jaundice Ictericia the skin, mucous membranes, and the whites of the
eyes
Point in the body where two or more bones meet,
Joint Articulación
allowing for movement and flexibility.
Organs located in the lower back that are responsible
Kidney Riñón
for filtering blood.
Type of injury characterized by a tear or break in the
Laceration Laceración
skin and underlying tissues
Medical Vocabulary

Inflammation of the larynx (voice box), which is

Laryngitis Laringitis
located in the throat
The "larynx," commonly known as the voice box, is an
organ located in the neck that plays a crucial role in
Larynx Laringe
breathing, producing sound, and protecting the
trachea against food aspiration.
It primarily affects the skin, peripheral nerves,
mucous membranes, and eyes. Leprosy is
Leprosy Lepra
characterized by the development of skin lesions and
nerve damage
Commonly known as white blood cells (WBCs), are a
crucial component of the immune system. They help
Leukocytes Leucocitos the body fight off infections, respond to foreign
substances, and participate in the inflammatory
response.
Is a type of fibrous connective tissue that connects
Ligament Ligamento
bones to other bones at joints.
- The "liver" is a vital organ in the body responsible for
various functions, including detoxification of harmful
Liver Hígado
substances, production of bile (which aids in
digestion), etc.
A living will is a written, legal document that spells out
medical treatments you would and would not want to
Living Will Testamento Vital be used to keep you alive, as well as your preferences
for other medical decisions, such as pain
management or organ donation.
Medical condition where the bones in a joint are
Luxation Dislocación
forced out of their normal position.
Lymphocyte Linfocito Type of white blood cell
Refers to cells or tumors that are cancerous and have
the ability to grow uncontrollably and spread to other
Malignant Maligno parts of the body. Malignant tumors can invade
surrounding tissues and organs, leading to serious
health complications.
Specialized exocrine gland found in mammals that is
Mammary gland Glándula mamaria
responsible for producing milk to nourish infants
Surgical procedure involving the removal of one or
Mastectomy Mastectomía both breasts. It is commonly performed to treat or
prevent breast cancer
"Measles" is a highly contagious viral infection
Measles Sarampión
characterized by symptoms such as high fever, cough,
Medical Vocabulary

runny nose, and a distinctive red rash.

Inflammation of the meninges, the protective
Meningitis Meningitis
membranes covering the brain and spinal cord
Type of antibiotic that belongs to the penicillin class of
Methicillin Meticilina
drugs
Monocytes Monocitos Type of white blood cell
MRI (Abbreviation) Resonancia Magnética Magnetic Resonance Imaging
It primarily affects the salivary glands, particularly the
Mumps Paperas parotid glands, which are located near the jaw and
below the ears
Mycotic Micótico Anything related to or caused by fungi
Commonly known as a heart attack, is a serious
medical condition that occurs when blood flow to a
Myocardial infarction Infarto de miocardio
part of the heart muscle is severely reduced or
interrupted
Navel, belly button Ombligo
Pathological death of cells or tissues within a living
Necrosis Necrosis
organism due to injury, disease, or other causes
Period shortly after birth, specifically the first 28 days
Neonatal Neonatal
of life.
Medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis,
Nephrologist Nefrólogo
treatment, and management of kidney disorders
Refers to damage or dysfunction of the nerves, often
Neuropathy Neuropatía causing weakness, numbness, tingling, or pain,
typically in the hands and feet.
Pertains to the nervous system, which includes the
Neurological Neurológico
brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
A "neurotransmitter" is a chemical messenger that
transmits signals between nerve cells (neurons) and
Neurotransmitter Neurotransmisor
other cells in the body, such as muscle cells or gland
cells.
Also known as perennial allergic rhinitis, is an allergic
Non-seasonal hay
Rinitis no estacional reaction that occurs year-round rather than being
fever
limited to specific seasons.
Loss of sensation or feeling. A "neurotransmitter" is a
chemical messenger that transmits signals between
Numbness Entumecimiento
nerve cells (neurons) and other cells in the body, such
as muscle cells or gland cells.
Healthcare professional who is trained to provide care
Nurse (Registered Enfermero/a (Enfermero/a
for patients in various settings, including hospitals,
nurse) registrado/a)
clinics, and community health organizations.
Medical Vocabulary

A "nurse practitioner" (NP) is an advanced practice

registered nurse (APRN) who is trained to diagnose
and treat medical conditions, prescribe medications,
and manage patient care. NPs often provide both
Nurse Practitioner Enfermero/a especializado/a
primary and specialized healthcare services, and they
have more autonomy than registered nurses (RNs),
sometimes working independently or alongside
physicians.
Nutritionist Nutricionista Professional who specializes in food nutrition.
"Occupational therapy" is a type of therapy that helps
Occupational therapy Terapia ocupacional individuals develop, recover, or maintain the skills
needed for daily living and working.
Medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis,
Oncologist Oncólogo
treatment, and management of cancer.
"Ophthalmology" is the branch of medicine that deals
Ophthalmology Oftalmología with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of eye
disorders and diseases.
Condition characterized by the weakening of bones,
Osteoporosis Osteoporosis
making them fragile and more prone to fractures.
"Outpatient" refers to a patient who receives medical
treatment or undergoes procedures without being
admitted to the hospital. Outpatient care typically
Outpatient Paciente ambulatorio
involves short visits to clinics, diagnostic centers, or
healthcare facilities, allowing the patient to return
home the same day.
"Ovarian" pertains to the ovaries, the female
reproductive organs responsible for producing eggs
Ovarian Ovárico
and secreting hormones like estrogen and
progesterone.
"Ovulation" is the process in the menstrual cycle
Ovulation Ovulación where a mature ovarian follicle releases an egg (ovum)
from the ovary.
Pancreas Pancreas -
"Pancreatitis" is the inflammation of the pancreas, a
Pancreatitis Pancreatitis gland that plays a crucial role in digestion and blood
sugar regulation.
Pandemic Pandemia -
Small endocrine glands located in the neck, near or on
Parathyroid gland Glándula paratiroides
the surface of the thyroid gland.
A "pathogen" is an organism or agent that causes
Pathogen Patógeno
disease in a host. This term encompasses a variety of
Medical Vocabulary

infectious agents, including bacteria, viruses, fungi,

and parasites.
"Pathological" refers to anything related to or caused
by disease or abnormal conditions. It is often used in
Pathological Patológico medical contexts to describe changes in body
structures or functions that are indicative of disease
processes.
Type of allergy that causes symptoms similar to
Perennial hay fever Alergia perenne seasonal hay fever, but it occurs year-round rather
than just during specific seasons.
It is located behind the nasal cavities, mouth, and
Pharynx Faringe
larynx, extending down to the esophagus
Medical professional who is trained and licensed to
Physician Médico diagnose, treat, and manage diseases and health
conditions.
The "pituitary" refers to the pituitary gland, a small,
Pituitary Pituitaria
pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain.
Small but crucial endocrine gland located at the base
Pituitary gland Glándula pituitaria
of the brain, just below the hypothalamus.
"Pneumonia" is an infection that inflames the air sacs
Pneumonia Neumonía
in one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid or pus.
Abnormal growth of tissue that can occur in various
Polyp Pólipo parts of the body. While many polyps are benign,
some can develop into cancer over time.
Postoperative Postoperatorio -
Postpartum Postparto "Postpartum" refers to the period following childbirth.
Postpartum depression Depresión postparto -
Postpartum period Perído postparto -
Pregnancy Embarazo -
A "prescription" is a written order from a licensed
Prescription Receta healthcare provider, such as a doctor or nurse
practitioner.
Key hormone in the reproductive system, crucial for
Progesterone Progesterona regulating various aspects of the menstrual cycle,
pregnancy, and overall hormonal balance
"Prognosis" refers to the likely course and outcome of
Prognosis Pronóstico
a disease or medical condition.
Displacement or falling of an organ or tissue from its
Prolapse Prolapso
normal position in the body.
A "prolapsed uterus" occurs when the uterus
Prolapsed Uterus Prolapso uterino
descends from its normal position into the vaginal
Medical Vocabulary

canal due to weakened pelvic floor muscles and

ligaments.
A "prolapsed urethra" occurs when the urethra (the
tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the
Prolapsed Urethra Prolapso uretral body) slips out of its normal position and protrudes
through the vaginal opening in females or the external
genitalia in males.
It surrounds the urethra, the tube that carries urine
Prostate Próstata
from the bladder out through the penis
Prostate cancer Cáncer de próstata -
A medical or health care power of attorney is a type of
Poder notarial para atención advance directive in which you name a person to
médica or Poder de make decisions for you when you are unable to do so.
Power of attorney
representación para decisiones In some states this directive may also be called a
médicas durable power of attorney for health care or a health
care proxy.
Chronic autoimmune skin condition that causes rapid
Psoriasis Psoriasis skin cell turnover, leading to the formation of thick,
scaly patches on the skin.
Is a condition characterized by the accumulation of
Pulmonary edema Edema pulmonar excess fluid in the lungs, specifically in the air sacs
(alveoli).
Radiology" is a branch of medicine that uses imaging
techniques to diagnose and treat diseases. Common
Radiology Radiología
imaging methods include X-rays, computed
tomography (CT).
A "red blood cell" (RBC), or erythrocyte, is a type of
blood cell that is responsible for transporting oxygen
Red blood cells Glóbulos rojos
from the lungs to the body's tissues and carrying
carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs.
Derivación / Remisión /
Referral -
Referencia
"Renal failure," also known as kidney failure, occurs
Renal failure Insuficiencia renal when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste
products and excess fluids from the blood effectively.
Chronic autoimmune disorder that primarily affects
Rheumatoid Reumatoide
the joints but can also impact other parts of the body
"Rheumatoid arthritis" is an autoimmune disorder that
primarily affects the joints, causing inflammation,
Rheumatoid arthritis Artritis reumatoide
pain, swelling, and stiffness. Rheumatoid arthritis
results from the immune system mistakenly attacking
Medical Vocabulary

healthy joint tissues.

Branch of medicine focused on diagnosing and
Rheumatology Reumatología treating diseases and conditions that affect the joints,
muscles, bones, and immune system
Inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes,
Rhinitis Rinitis leading to symptoms such as a runny or stuffy nose,
sneezing, and itching
"Rubella," also known as German measles, is a
Rubella Rubeola contagious viral infection characterized by a red rash,
fever, and swollen lymph nodes.
Sample Muestra -
Hardening or thickening of tissue, which can occur in
Sclerosis Esclerosis
various organs or systems in the body.
"Screening" refers to the process of testing for a
disease or condition in individuals who do not yet
show symptoms. It is used in various medical
Screening Evaluación / Detección
contexts to identify early signs of diseases, such as
cancer or infectious diseases, allowing for early
intervention and treatment.
"Secrete" refers to the process by which substances
are produced and released by cells or glands in the
Secrete, to Secretar body. This can include hormones, enzymes, or other
fluids that play vital roles in various physiological
functions.
A "seizure" is a sudden, uncontrolled electrical
Seizure Convulsión disturbance in the brain that can cause changes in
behavior, movements, feelings, or consciousness.
Air-filled cavities are located within the bones of the
Sinuses Senos paranasales face and skull. They are part of the upper respiratory
system and have various functions.
"Sinusitis" is the inflammation or swelling of the tissue
Sinusitis Sinusitis
lining of the sinuses.
Involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of
Spasm Espasmo
muscles.
Vital part of the central nervous system (CNS), which
also includes the brain. It plays a crucial role in
Spinal cord Médula espinal
transmitting signals between the brain and the rest of
the body.
Genus of bacteria that are commonly found on the
Staphylococcus Estafilococo
skin and mucous membranes of humans and animals.
Stethoscope Estetoscopio Medical instrument used by healthcare professionals
Medical Vocabulary

to listen to internal sounds of a patient’s body, such

as heartbeats, lung sounds, and bowel sounds
A stent is a small mesh tube typically used to hold
open passages in the body, such as weak or narrowed
Stent Endoprótesis blood vessels. Stents are often used to treat
narrowing in the coronary arteries, which provide the
heart with oxygen-rich blood.
Death of a fetus at or after 20 weeks of gestation, but
Stillbirth Muerte fetal
before or during delivery.
Condition in which the eyes do not align properly,
Strabismus Estrabismo
meaning they point in different directions
Injury to a muscle or tendon that occurs when these
Strain Distención
tissues are stretched or torn.
Genus of bacteria that are commonly found in
Streptococcus Estreptococo
humans and animals.
Medical emergency that occurs when blood flow to a
part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, preventing
Accidente
Stroke brain tissue from receiving the necessary oxygen and
cerebrovascular/derrame
nutrients. There are two main types of strokes:
ischemic and hemorrhagic.
Medical doctor who specializes in performing surgical
Surgeon Cirujano
procedures to treat diseases, injuries, or deformities.
Refers to procedures involving the manual and
Surgical Quirúrgico instrumental techniques performed by a surgeon to
treat various medical conditions, diseases, or injuries.
Subjective manifestations of a disease or condition,
reported by the patient. They can indicate the
Symptoms Síntomas
presence of a medical issue and may vary widely in
type and severity.
Temporary loss of consciousness and muscle
Syncope Síncope strength caused by a sudden reduction in blood flow
to the brain
Collection of signs, symptoms, and medical findings
Syndrome Síndrome that occur together and characterize a particular
abnormality or condition.
Sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the
bacterium Treponema pallidum. It is known for its
Syphilis Sífilis
complex stages, which can affect various parts of the
body if left untreated.
Tough band of fibrous connective tissue that connects
Tendons Tendones
muscles to bones.
Medical Vocabulary

Primarily refers to conditions that are expected to lead

Terminal Terminal
to death, often within a short time frame.
Testicular Testicular Relating to, or affecting the testicles.
Encompasses a wide range of practices and
Therapeutic Terapéutico interventions aimed at improving health and well-
being.
located behind the nose and mouth and connects the
mouth (oral cavity) and nose to the breathing
Throat Garganta
passages (trachea [windpipe] and lungs) and the
esophagus (eating tube).
Formation of a blood clot (thrombus) within a blood
vessel, which can impede or obstruct blood flow. It
Thrombosis Trombosis can occur in veins or arteries and can lead to serious
health complications depending on the location and
severity of the blockage.
Endocrine gland located in the front of the neck, just
below the Adam's apple (larynx). It plays a crucial role
Thyroid gland Glándula tiroides in regulating various metabolic processes in the body
by producing hormones that influence growth,
development, and energy metabolism.
The idea of enduring something, lasting over a period
Tolerance Tolerancia
of time.
Your tonsils are two round, fleshy masses in the back
of your throat (pharynx). Part of your immune system,
Amigdalas (En algunas culturas
Tonsils your tonsils are like lymph nodes. They help filter out
tambien le llaman “angina”)
germs that enter through your nose or mouth to
protect the rest of your body from infection.
Inflammation of the tonsils, which are two oval-
Tonsillitis Amigdalitis shaped lymphoid tissues located at the back of the
throat
Type of fat (lipid) found in the blood. They are the most
Triglycerides Triglicéridos common form of fat in the body and serve as a
significant source of energy.
Contagious bacterial infection caused by
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the
Tuberculosis (TB) Tuberculósis lungs (pulmonary TB) but can also affect other parts of
the body, including the kidneys, spine, and brain
(extrapulmonary TB).
Abnormal mass of tissue that forms when cells in the
Tumor Tumor body grow and divide uncontrollably. Tumors can be
classified into two main categories: benign and
Medical Vocabulary

malignant.
Serious and potentially life-threatening illness caused
by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi. It is characterized
Typhoid fever Fiebre tifoidea
by prolonged fever, abdominal pain, and a variety of
other systemic symptoms
A tube that carries urine from the bladder to the
Urethra Uretra
outside of the body during urination.
Waste product created when the body breaks down
purines, substances found in certain foods and
Uric acid Ácido úrico
drinks, dissolves in the blood, passes through the
kidneys, and is excreted in urine.
Or micturition, is the process by which the body
Urination Micción/Orinar expels urine from the bladder through the urethra to
the outside of the body.
Liquid waste product produced by the kidneys as they
filter excess substances, toxins, and waste products
Urine Orina from the blood. It is then stored in the bladder and
excreted from the body through the urethra during
urination.
Branch of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis,
treatment, and management of diseases and
Urology Urología
disorders of the urinary tract and the male
reproductive system.
Or womb, is a hollow, muscular organ in the female
Uterus Útero (Matriz) reproductive system. It is located in the pelvic region,
between the bladder and the rectum.
"Walk-in" refers to a type of medical service where
patients can visit a clinic or healthcare facility without
Walk-in (Appointments Atención sin cita / Consulta sin an appointment for immediate care. Walk-in services
or clinics) cita are commonly available in urgent care centers,
outpatient clinics, and pharmacies for minor injuries
or illnesses.
A high-pitched, whistling sound made while breathing,
often heard during exhalation, that can also occur
Wheeze Sibilancia during inhalation. It occurs when the airways become
narrowed or obstructed, making it difficult for air to
flow through.
Or leukocytes, are a crucial part of the immune
system, responsible for defending the body against
White blood cells Células blancas
infections and foreign invaders such as bacteria,
viruses, and other harmful organisms.
Medical Vocabulary

Or uterus, is a major female reproductive organ. It is a

hollow, pear-shaped structure located in the pelvis,
Womb Útero/matriz between the bladder and the rectum. Its primary
function is to support and nourish a developing fetus
during pregnancy.
Viral disease transmitted by the bite of infected
Yellow fever Fiebre amarilla mosquitoes, primarily the Aedes aegypti mosquito
and its symptoms can range from mild to severe.
Medical acronyms

Acronym Meaning Spanish equivalent

ADHD Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder Trastorno de déficit de atención
con hiperactividad
AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Síndrome de inmunodeficiencia
adquirida
ASAP As Soon As Possible Lo antes posible

BID Twice a day Dos veces por día

BPM Beats Per minute Pulsaciones por minuto

CA Cardiac Arrest Paro cardíaco

CT/CAT scan Computed Tomography Tomografía computarizada

COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Enfermedad pulmonar

obstructiva crónica (EPOC)
CPR Cardiopulmonary resuscitation Reanimación cardiopulmonar

CV Cardiovascular Cardiovascular

DNR Do Not Resucitate No resucitar

DOB Date Of Birth Fecha de nacimiento

EKG/ECG Electrocardiogram Electrocardiograma

ER Emergency Room Sala de emergencias

H2O Water Agua

HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus Virus de inmunodeficiencia

humana
ICU Intensive Care Unit Unidad de cuidados intensivos

IV Intravenous Intravenosa

MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging Resonancia magnética

MVA Motor Vehicle Accident Accidente de vehículo a motor

OCPD Obsessive-compulsive Personality Disorder Trastorno de la personalidad

obsesivo-compulsiva
OT Occupational Therapy Terapia ocupacional

PA Physician’s Assistant Asistente del médico

Medical acronyms

PCP Primary Care Provider Doctor de cabecera

PT Physical Therapy Terapia física/fisioterapia

PTSD Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Estrés post traumático

RN Registered nurse Enfermera certificada/registrada

STD Sexually Transmitted Disease Enfermedad de transmisión

sexual
STI Sexually Transmitted Infection Infección de Transmisión sexual

TB Tuberculosis Tuberculosis

US Ultrasound Ultrasonido

VO Verbal Order Orden verbal

Vaccine Names

Vaccine Name Spanish equivalent Group

HepB (Hepatitis B) Hepatitis B
RSV-mab (Respiratory Syncytial
Virus respiratorio sincitial (RSV) y At birth
Virus (RSV) Vaccine and
anticuerpo monoclonal
Monoclonal Antibody)
HepB - 1-2 Months
DTaP (Diphtheria, tetanus, and
Difteria, Tétanos, tosferina
acellular pertussis vaccine)
Hib (Haemophilus
Haemophilus Influenzae tipo B
influenzae type b vaccine)
IPV(Polio) (Inactivated poliovirus Vacuna contra el poliovirus 2 Months
vaccine) inactivado
PCV (Pneumococcal conjugate Vacuna conjugada contra el
vaccine) neumococo
RV (Rotavirus vaccine) Vacuna contra Rotavirus
Influenza Vacuna Influenza
6 months
HepA Hepatitis A
MMR (Measels, Mumps and
Sarampión, Paperas, y Rubéola
Rubella/german measels)
MMRV (Measels, Mumps, Sarampión, Paperas, Rubéola y 12 – 15 Months
rubella and Varicella) Varicela
Chickenpox Varicela
MenACWY (Meningococcal Vacuna Meningococo contra tipo
11-12 years
Vaccine) A,C,W,Y
MenB (Meningococcal Type B) Meningococo tipo B 16-18 years
Pain Descriptors

.
Pain type Spanish equivalent Pain Description
Abrupt Repentino Sudden onset of pain.
Aches and pains Achaques General, Mild discomfort.
Aching Doloroso Continuous dull pain.
Acute Agudo Severe and sudden.
Agonizing Atroz Extreme, intense pain.
Annoying Molesto Mild but persistent discomfort.
Bad Intenso -
Beating Palpitante Rhythmic, pulsing pain.
Blinding Enceguecedor Overwhelming pain that disrupts function.
Brittle Quebradizo Weak
Burning Ardiente Hot, stinging pain.
Chronic Crónico Long-Lasting pain.
Circumscribed Localizado Pain localized to a specific area.
Clammy Húmedo Wet and cold sensation with pain.
Colicky (colic) Como cólicos Intermittent, severe abdominal pain.
Constant Constante Unchanging, persistent.
Constricting Apretado Tight, squeezing.
Continuous Continuo Ongoing pain without relief.
Cramping Calambre Sudden, involuntary muscle pain.
Crushing Aplastante Heavy, intense pain.
Cutting Cortante Sharp, knife-like pain.
Widespread pain without a specific
Diffuse General
location.
Distressing Angustiante Pain causing emotional discomfort.
Drilling Taladrante Deep pain like drilling.
Dull Sordo Mild but persistent pain difficult to localize.
Electric Electrico Sharp pain, like an electric shot.
Extremely painful; causing intense
Excruciating, unbearable Insoportable
suffering; unbearably distressing.
Generalized General Affecting multiple áreas.
Gradual Gradual Slowly changing, slowly increasing pain.
Gripping Insistente Tight, constricting pain.
Dolor producido por el
Growing pains Discomfort associated with growth.
crecimiento
Heartburn Acidez Burning pain from acid reflux.
Intermitent Intermitente Comes and goes.
Knot-like Como un nudo Feels tight, like a knot.
Localized Localizado Confined to one area, like “lower back”.
Pain Descriptors

Moderate, mild Moderado Manageable pain.

Nagging Persistente Bothersom, persistent.
Needle-like Como aguja Sharp, stabbing pain.
Numb Entumecido Lack of sensation in one area.
Piercing Perforante Sharp pain that feels like penetrates.
Pinching Pellizcante Sharp pain that feels like being pinched.
Pounding Palpitante Strong, rhythmic pain.
Pulsing Pulsante Throbbing or rhythmic pain sensation.
Radiating Que se expande Pain that spreads from one area to another.
Searing Que quema Intense burning pain.
Severe Severo Very strong and serious pain.
Sharp Intenso Sudden, intense pain.
Shooting Punzante Rapid, sharp pain that travels.
Sore, tender Sensible Painful to the touch or movement.
Punzante / Como una
Stabbing Sharp, piercing
puñalada
Throbbing Palpitante Pulsing pain that comes and goes
Vague Molestia Indistinct
Wandering Errático Pain that moves unpredictably
Warm Dolor tibio Sensation of heat that may accompany pain