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Updated Chemistry Chapter 2-5

The document contains a series of chemistry questions and answers related to acids, bases, and salts, following the CBSE syllabus for standard 10. It covers various topics including indicators, chemical reactions, properties of compounds, and the preparation of specific chemicals. The document also discusses practical applications and tests for identifying acids and bases, as well as the effects of pH on health.

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Sinan Shameer
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
3 views14 pages

Updated Chemistry Chapter 2-5

The document contains a series of chemistry questions and answers related to acids, bases, and salts, following the CBSE syllabus for standard 10. It covers various topics including indicators, chemical reactions, properties of compounds, and the preparation of specific chemicals. The document also discusses practical applications and tests for identifying acids and bases, as well as the effects of pH on health.

Uploaded by

Sinan Shameer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Core questions

STANDARD 10

CHEMISTRY
(CBSE SYLLABUS)

CHAPTER 2

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1. A visually challenged student, has to perform a lab test to detect the presence of an
acid in a given solution. The acid-base indicator preferred by him will be:
a. Blue litmus
b. Clove oil
c. Red cabbage extract
d. Hibiscus extract
Answer: b. Clove oil
• Usually, litmus paper is used to detect the presence of acid in a solution. Acid turns
blue litmus paper red and a base turns red litmus paper blue.
• Olfactory indicators can also be used for the detection of acid and base. Clove oil is
one such example through which, the presence of acid can be detected through
smell.
• Clove oil loses its smell in a basic solution and retains it in an acidic solution.
• Hence, it can be used by a visually challenged student.

2. A student prepared solutions of (i) an acid and (ii) a base in two separate beakers. She
forgot to label the solutions and litmus paper is not available in the laboratory. Since
both the solutions are colourless, how will she distinguish between the two?
Answer:
In the absence of litmus, any other indicator like methyl orange, phenolphthalein etc, can
be used. Some common indicators with characteristic colours are tabulated below

Types of Sl. Indicators Smell/Colour Smell/Colour


indicators No in in
Acid Solution Basic
Solution
Natural 1 Red cabbage leaf extract Red Green
Indicator 2 Flowers of Hydrangea plant Blue Pink
3 Turmeric No change Red
Synthetic 1 Phenolphthalein Colourless Pink
indicators 2 Methyl orange Red yellow
Olfactory 1 Onion Characteristic No smell
indicator smell
2 Vanilla essence Retains smell No smell
3 Clove oil Retains smell Loses smell

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3. An aqueous solution ‘A’ turns the phenolphthalein solution pink. In addition to an
aqueous solution ‘B’ to ‘A’, the pink colour disappears. The following statement is true
for solutions ‘A’ and ‘B’.
a) A is strongly basic and B is a weak base.
b) A is strongly acidic and B is a weak acid.
c) A has a pH greater than 7 and B has a pH less than 7.
d) A has a pH less than 7 and B has a pH greater than 7.
Answer: c) A has a pH greater than 7 and B has a pH less than 7.
• Phenolphthalein is an acid-base indicator.
• In a basic (pH greater than 7) solution Phenolphthalein shows pink colour.
• Acid (pH less than 7) is added to it, and the pink colour disappears.
• So, A is base, and B is acid.

4. A chemical compound ‘X’ is used in the soap and glass industry. It is prepared from
brine.
a. Write the chemical name, common name and chemical formula of ‘X’.
b. Write the equation involved in its preparation.
c. What happens when it is treated with water containing Ca or Mg salts
Answer:
a. Chemical name: Sodium carbonate decahydrate
Common name: Washing soda
Chemical formula: Na2CO3.10H2O
b. Chemical equation:
𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒕
𝟐𝑵𝒂𝑯𝑪𝑶𝟑 → 𝑵𝒂𝟐 𝑪𝑶𝟑 + 𝑯𝟐 𝑶 + 𝑪𝑶𝟐
𝑵𝒂𝟐 𝑪𝑶𝟑 + 𝟏𝟎𝑯𝟐 𝑶 → 𝑵𝒂𝟐 𝑪𝑶𝟑 . 𝟏𝟎𝑯𝟐 𝑶
c. Washing soda is used to remove the permanent hardness of water. When washing
soda is treated with water containing Ca or Mg salt it forms calcium carbonate or
magnesium carbonate, which are insoluble in water. This means, washing soda can
remove Ca and Mg from the water and softens the water.

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5. Answer the following questions.
a) Name the gas liberated when an acid reacts with a metal. How is the presence of
the gas tested?
b) What happens when Zn reacts with HCl and NaOH? Write the chemical equation
and name of the salt produced in each case.
c) Identify the acid and base for ammonium chloride salt? Write the nature and pH
value of this salt.
Answer:
a. The gas liberated: Hydrogen gas
Confirm the presence of hydrogen gas by bringing a burning candle near the test
tube. If it burns with a pop sound, the gas liberated is hydrogen.
b. Zinc can react with both HCl and NaOH to release hydrogen gas.
i. 𝑍𝑛 + 2 𝐻𝐶𝑙 → 𝑍𝑛𝐶𝑙2 (𝑍𝑖𝑛𝑐 𝐶ℎ𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑒) + 𝐻2
ii. 𝑍𝑛 + 2𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 → 𝑁𝑎2 𝑍𝑛𝑂2 (𝑆𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑧𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑒) + 𝐻2
c. Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) is a salt of strong acid HCl and a weak base ammonium
hydroxide (NH4OH). Hence the salt is acidic salt and the pH of this salt is less than 7.

6. List the important products of the Chor-alkali process. Write one important use of
each.
Answer:
The Chlor-alkali process is used in the electrolysis of NaCl. The important products formed
in this process is sodium hydroxide, chlorine and hydrogen gas.
2𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 + 2𝐻2 𝑂 → 2𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 + 𝐶𝑙2 + 𝐻2
An electric current is passed through the brine to form H2 at the cathode and Cl2 at the
anode, leaving a solution of sodium hydroxide.
Uses:
• Sodium hydroxide: It is used in the manufacturing of paper.
• Chlorine: It is used as disinfectant and antiseptic.
• Hydrogen: It is used as a fuel in rocket.

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7. During electrolysis of brine, a gas ‘G’ is liberated at anode. When this gas ‘G’ is
passed through slaked lime, a compound ‘C’ is formed, which is used for disinfecting
drinking water.
a. Write formula of ‘G’ and ‘C’.
b. State the chemical equation involved.
c. What is common name of compound ‘C’? Give its chemical name.
Answer:
a. G = Cl2 and C= CaOCl2
b. Electrolysis of brine:
𝟐𝑵𝒂𝑪𝒍 + 𝟐𝑯𝟐 𝑶 → 𝟐𝑵𝒂𝑶𝑯 + 𝑪𝒍𝟐 + 𝑯𝟐
When Cl2 is passed through the slaked lime,
𝐂𝐚(𝐎𝐇)𝟐 + 𝐂𝐥𝟐 → 𝐂𝐚𝐎𝐂𝐥𝟐 + 𝐇𝟐 𝐎
c. Common name of C = Bleaching powder
Chemical name of C = Calcium hypochlorite/ Calcium oxychloride

8. Match the important chemicals given in Column (A) with the chemical formulae given
in Column (B)

Column A Column B
Plaster of Paris Ca(OH)2
Gypsum 𝐶𝑎𝑆𝑂4 . 1⁄2 𝐻2 𝑂
Bleaching powder 𝐶𝑎𝑆𝑂4 . 2𝐻2 𝑂
Slaked lime CaOCl2

Answer:
Column A Column B
Plaster of Paris CaSO4 . 1⁄2 H2 O
Gypsum CaSO4 . 2H2 O
Bleaching powder CaOCl2
Slaked lime Ca(OH)2

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9. Name the acid present in ant sting and give its chemical formula. Also give the
common method to get relief from the discomfort caused by the ant sting.
Answer:
Acid present in ant sting: Formic acid
Chemical formula: HCOOH
Common method to get relief: When baking soda is rubbed on the affected area, it gives
relief from pain.

10. In the following schematic diagram for the preparation of hydrogen gas as shown in
figure, what would happen if following changes are made?

a) In place of zinc granules, same amount of zinc dust is taken in the test tube
b) Instead of dilute sulphuric acid, dilute hydrochloric acid is taken
c) Are the observations in the test tube same when the activity is repeated with more
acids like HCl, HNO3 and CH3COOH?
d) Sodium hydroxide is taken in place of dilute sulphuric acid and the tube is heated.

Answer:

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a) If in the place of zinc granules, the same amount of zinc dust is taken in the test tube
then the rate of the reaction will increase and the reaction will take place more
quickly. Because the surface area of zinc powder is more than that of the zinc
granules.
𝑍𝑛 + 2𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 → 𝑁𝑎2 𝑍𝑛𝑂2 + 𝐻2
b) If we use dilute hydrochloric acid then the reaction will take place as usual because in
both cases, we are mixing a strong acid with a metal.
c) Yes, the observations in the test tube same when the activity is repeated with more
acids like HCl, HNO3 and CH3COOH. The metals react with acids and form hydrogen
gas by displacing hydrogen atoms from the acid and also form a salt.
For example: 𝑍𝑛 + 2𝐻𝐶𝑙 → 𝑍𝑛𝐶𝑙2 + 𝐻2
d) If sodium hydroxide is taken in place of dilute sulphuric acid and the tube is heated
then the metal will react with the base to form the corresponding salt and will evolve
hydrogen gas.

11. Identify the compound X on the basis of the reactions given below. Also, write the
name and chemical formulae of A, B and C.

Answer:
Compound X is NaOH
1. 2𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 + 𝑍𝑛 → 𝑁𝑎2 𝑍𝑛𝑂2 (𝐴) + 𝐻2
2. 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 + 𝐻𝐶𝑙 → 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙(𝐵) + 𝐻2 𝑂

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3. 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 + 𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻 → 𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝑁𝑎 (𝐶) + 𝐻2 𝑂

12. What are strong and weak acids? In the following list of acids, separate strong acids
from weak acids.
Hydrochloric acid, citric acid, acetic acid, nitric acid, formic acid, sulphuric acid.
Answer:
Strong acid: Acids which get completely ionized in aqueous solution are called strong acids.
Eg: Hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and sulphuric acid.
Weak acid: Acids which do not get completely ionized in aqueous solution are called weak
acids.
Eg: Acetic acid, citric acid, and formic acid.

13. Fill in the missing data in the following table

Name the salt Formula Salt obtained Salt obtained


from base from acid
Ammonium chloride NH4Cl NH4OH -------
Copper sulphate -------- ---------- H2SO4
Sodium chloride NaCl NaOH --------
Magnesium nitrate Mg(NO3)2 ------- HNO3
Potassium sulphate K2SO4 ------- -------
Calcium nitrate Ca(NO3)2 Ca(OH)2 -------------

Answer:

Name the salt Formula Salt obtained Salt obtained


from base from acid
Ammonium chloride NH4Cl NH4OH HCl
Copper sulphate CuSO4 Cu(OH)2 H2SO4
Sodium chloride NaCl NaOH HCl
Magnesium nitrate Mg(NO3)2 Mg(OH)2 HNO3
Potassium sulphate K2SO4 KOH H2SO4
Calcium nitrate Ca(NO3)2 Ca(OH)2 HNO3

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14. The pH of the mouth of a person is lower than 5.5. What changes will occur in his
mouth? How can these changes be controlled? Write any two measures.
Answer:
When the pH of the mouth of a person is lower than 5.5, dental caries or tooth decay starts.
Measures to control dental caries or tooth decay are:
(i) Regular cleaning of the mouth after eating food.
(ii) Brushing twice a day using toothpaste, which are generally basic. So, toothpaste can
neutralise the excess acid and prevent tooth decay.

15.How is washing soda prepared from sodium carbonate? Give its chemical equation.
State the type of this salt. Name the type of hardness of water which can be removed
by it.
Answer:
Washing soda is prepared by sodium carbonate by adding 10 molecules of water.
𝑁𝑎2 𝐶𝑂3 + 10𝐻2 𝑂 → 𝑁𝑎2 𝐶𝑂3 . 10𝐻2 0
• Washing soda is a basic nature sodium salt.
• Washing soda can be used to remove both temporary and permanent hardness in
water.
• It is soluble in water and adds a large amount of carbonate ions to the water. These
react with dissolved calcium and magnesium ions in the hard water to produce
insoluble precipitates.

16. Priyanka performed and experiment to understand that heat is produced when a few
drops of concentrated sulphuric acid is slowly added into a beaker containing water.
For this, she took 10 ml water in a beaker and added a few drops of concentrated
sulphuric acid to it. Then she swirled the beaker slowly. During the process, a vigorous
reaction takes place. It is an exothermic process.
a) Why is it recommended that the acid should be added to water and not water to
the acid?
b) How will the concentration of hydrogen ions get affected if an acid is diluted?
c) What is this process called? Define the process.

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d) If we have hydrochloric acid and acetic acid of equal concentration, which will be a
stronger acid and why?
Answer:
a. Dilution of concentrated acids is an exothermic process. If water is added to
concentrated acid, then large amount of heat is evolved at once. This heat changes
some of the water to steam explosively which can splash the acid on our face or
clothes and cause acid burns.
b. When a concentrated acid is added to water slowly with constant stirring, the
mixture will not splash out.
c. Concentration of H+ decreases with increase in dilution.
d. The process is called dilution of acid. Dilution of an acid or base means mixing an acid
or base with water. This process is used to decrease the concentration of ions
(H3O+/OH-) per unit volume.
e. Between acetic acid and hydrochloric acid, the hydrochloric acid is more acidic. Acid
which ionises completely in water are called strong acid. Here Hydrochloric acid
dissociates completely while acetic acid dissociates partially.

17. Baking powder is used in cooking to make the cake spongy, crispy pakoda. Although,
baking soda also producers CO2 on heating, but it is not directly used in cooking
because it makes the taste slightly bitter. Generally mild edible acid is mixed with
baking soda to make baking powder.
When baking powder is heated NaHCO3 decomposes to give CO2 which makes bread
and cake soft and spongy. Mild edible acid help to remove bitter taste due to
formation of sodium tartrate.

𝟐𝑵𝒂𝑯𝑪𝑶𝟑 + 𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒅 𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒅 → 𝑵𝒂𝟐 𝑪𝟒 𝑯𝟒 𝑶𝟔 + 𝑯𝟐 𝑶 + 𝑪𝑶𝟐

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A. Sodium hydrogen carbonate is produced using:
(a) Sodium chloride
(b) Ammonia
(c) Carbon dioxide
(d) All of the above.

B. The gas released during heating of sodium hydrogen carbonate is:


(a) Carbon dioxide
(b) Hydrogen
(c) Carbon monoxide
(d) Both (a) and (b)

C. The edible acid added to the sodium hydrogen carbonate to make baking powder
is:
(a) Tartaric acid
(b) Dilute hydrochloric acid
(c) Formic acid
(d) All of the above.

D. The nature of sodium hydrogen carbonate solution is:


(a) Basic
(b) Highly acidic
(c) Neutral
(d) Slightly acidic

E. Sodium hydrogen carbonate is used to prepare cake:


(a) It makes the cake tasty
(b) It makes the cake sweet
(c) It makes the cake colourful
(d) It makes the cake soft and spongy.
Answer:
A. (d) All of the above.
𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 + 𝐻2 𝑂 + 𝐶𝑂2 + 𝑁𝐻3 → 𝑁𝐻4 𝐶𝑙 + 𝑁𝑎𝐻𝐶𝑂3
B. (a) Carbon dioxide.
𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡
2𝑁𝑎𝐻𝐶𝑂3 → 𝑁𝑎2 𝐶𝑂3 (𝑠𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒) + 𝐻2 𝑂 + 𝐶𝑂2

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C. (a) Tartaric acid.

If tartaric acid is not added to the baking powder, the taste of food will be bitter due to
the presence of sodium carbonate.

D. (a) basic
Sodium hydrogen carbonate is weak base having a pH 8.3
E. (d) it makes the cake soft and spongy.
Sodium hydrogen carbonate is used to prepare cakes and pastries as it gets
decomposed on heating and produce CO2 bubbles. Thus, making the cakes and
pastries soft and spongy.

18. Consider the pH value of the following acidic samples:

Sample pH Value
1 Lemon juice 2.2
2 Gastric juice 1.2
3 Vinegar 3.76
4 Dil. Acetic acid 3.0

The decreasing order of their H+ ion concentration is:


a. (3) > (4) > (1) > (2)
b. (2) > (1) > (3) > (4)
c. (2) > (1) > (4) > (3)
d. (3) > (4) > (2) > (1)
Answer: c. (2) > (1) > (4) > (3)
Explanation:

The pH of a solution is inversely proportional to the concentration of hydrogen ions in it. That
is a solution having a high concentration of hydrogen ions has a low pH value. The gastric
juice has the least pH value as 1.2. So, it has the highest H+ ions concentration followed by
lemon juice with pH value 2.2 and dilute acetic acid having pH value 3.0.
ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS
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Vinegar has the highest pH value 3.76 so it has the least H+ ions concentration.

Hence the decreasing order of their H+ ions concentration is (2) > (1) > (4) > (3).

Question number 19 to 21 are assertion – reasoning based questions. These consist of two
statements - Assertion (A) and reason (R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate
option given below.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.

19. Assertion (A): Baking soda creates acidity in the stomach


Reason (B): Baking soda is alkali

Answer: (d) Assertion is false but reason is true.

Explanation:

• Baking soda is alkaline in nature. Also, it is neutralising the acidity in the stomach and
remove it.
• Thus, assertion is false. Because baking soda is not creating acidity in stomach.

20. Assertion (A): HCl gas do not change the colour of the dry blue litmus paper.
Reason (R): Acids always produces hydrogen ions.

Answer: (b) Both (A) and (R) true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

Explanation:

HCl gas does not change the colour of dry litmus paper but changes colour of moist litmus
paper as acids produces hydrogen ions only in solution.

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21. Assertion(A): All compounds containing hydrogen are acids.
Reason(R): Acids produce hydrogen ions in solution.

Answer: (d) A false but R is true.

Explanation:

• All compounds containing hydrogen are not acids.


• The compounds which contain hydrogen ions show acidic behaviour.
• Glucose and alcohol solutions contains hydrogen but they do not have replaceable
hydrogen ions.
• Acids produce hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.

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