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Waste Water Management

The document discusses waste water management, defining waste and explaining the role of bacteria in sewage treatment. It outlines the processes involved in waste water treatment, including physical, biological, and chemical methods, as well as the sources of waste water and the importance of proper sewage systems. Additionally, it highlights the use of vermi-toilets and the issues associated with open drainage and oil spills.

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1 views4 pages

Waste Water Management

The document discusses waste water management, defining waste and explaining the role of bacteria in sewage treatment. It outlines the processes involved in waste water treatment, including physical, biological, and chemical methods, as well as the sources of waste water and the importance of proper sewage systems. Additionally, it highlights the use of vermi-toilets and the issues associated with open drainage and oil spills.

Uploaded by

omegasatendark771
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Waste Water Management

Very Short Answer Questions:


1. How will you define waste?
A. Any material which cannot be used because it has lost its value is called waste.
2. Why are bacteria used in sewage treatment plants?
A. The bacteria decompose the suspended waste that includes domestic waste and other
undesirable organic substances and produces decomposed organic material which settles
down at the bottom of the tank as activated sludge.
3. What is the function of screens in a waste treatment plant?
A. The waste water is passed through rotating screens called bar screens to remove large
objects such as rags, sticks, cans, plastic and napkins.
4. Name two inorganic impurities present in sewage.
A. Nitrates, phosphates and heavy metals.
5. Name a chemical that is used to disinfect water.
A. Chlorine.

Short Answer Type Questions:

1. What is Sludge and How do we use it?


A. Solid waste such as faeces settle down at the bottom of the settling tank are removed
with the help of scraper. This is called Sludge.
The sludge can be used to produce biogas.
2. Under what conditions do we make septic tanks?
A. In rural areas and some urban areas where a sewage system has not been laid, sewage is
often processed with the help of septic tanks.

3. What problem do we face with open drainage?


A. Open drains easily get blocked and start overflowing. In such cases sewage may collect
and stagnant in ponds and lakes. This breeds flies and mosquitoes. The stagnant water
drains begin to stink.

4. What is an oil spill?


A. The leakage of petroleum oil into the sea during drilling and shipping pollutes sea water.
This is known as oil spill.

5. What are the main constituents of sewage? Give any two Examples of each.
A. The main constituents of sewage are:
Organic impurities, Inorganic impurities, Nutrients, Disease- causing microbes.
• Organic impurities: Sewage includes human excreta, animal waste, urine, oil, fruit and
vegetable waste, pesticides and herbicides as organic impurities.
• Inorganic impurities: It includes in organic impurities in the form of nitrates, Phosphates
and heavy metals.
• Nutrients: Sewage also includes nutrients such as nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potash.
• Disease -causing microbes: Microbes such as virus and bacteria, which cause cholera,
typhoid and dysentery are present in the sewage.

6. What is the difference between a sewer and a sewer system?

A. Sewers: The pipes which carry wastewater.


Sewerage: The network of sewers.
• Sewer system consists of a network of big and small pipes called sewers.

7. What is the function of a treatment plant?


A. A waste water treatment plant cleans sewage and water so that they can be returned to
the environment. These plants remove solids and pollutants, break down organic matter
and restore the oxygen content of treated water.

Long Answer Type Questions:

1. Why should butter and oil not be released in to the drainage?


A. Oils and fats are not released in the drain because oil is not dissolved in water and it
floats on water. It can clog the drains and can affect aquatic life in the water body. The oil
layer on the surface of water do not allow the air to dissolve in water.

2. List four ways to control sewage system.


A. The four ways to improve or control sewage system are as follows:
• Leakage in sewer lines should be checked and repaired regularly.
• Use flush tanks with low capacity to reduce flushed water.
• Waste water from basins, sinks and washing machines can be used again for watering
plants or wiping floors.
• Plant eucalyptus trees along sewage ponds as these plants absorb surplus water rapidly.

3. Discuss the stages of a waste water treatment process.


A. These are large plants where wastewater is cleaned before being sent to the nearest
water bodies or being reused. The sewage treatment involves physical, chemical and
biological processes to remove impurities from the wastewater.
• Physical Process:

1. Filtration: The wastewater is passed through bar screen. Large objects; like rags, sticks,
plastic bags, cans, etc. are removed in this process.

2. Grit and Sand Removal: The wastewater is slowly passed through the sedimentation
tank. Grit, sand and pebbles settle down at the bottom.

3. Sedimentation: Water is then sent to the sedimentation tank. Solids; like faeces settle at
the bottom. Floatable impurities; like oil and grease float on the surface. A scraper removes
the faeces from the water. The impurity thus collected is called sludge; which is sent to the
sludge tank. The sludge can be used to produce biogas or to produce manure. A skimmer
removes the floatable impurities. Now, the water is called clarified water.

• Biological Process

4. Aeration: Air is pumped into clarified water so that aerobic bacteria can grow. Bacteria
decomposes the human waste, food waste, and other undesirable organic materials into
decomposed organic material, which settles down at the bottom of the tank as activated
sludge.
Water is then removed from the top. This water is fit for irrigation and can be used for that
purpose.

Chemical Process

5. Chlorination: Water purified through aeration is not fit for human consumption. It needs
to be treated with chlorine. For this, bleaching powder is added to the water. The chlorine
kills whatever germs may be left in the water. After chlorination, the water is fit for
drinking.

SEWAGE

Primary Treatment First Stage Mechanical Process

Secondary Treatment Second Stage Biological Process

Tertiary Treatment Third Stage Chemical Process

TREATED WATER
4. What are the sources of waste water?
A. Some sources of waste water are as follows:
• Domestic waste water:
It includes all kinds of waste such as human excreta, food waste, soaps, detergents and oil.
• Agricultural waste water:
The waste water generated from farms and agricultural fields contain harmful pesticides,
weedicides and animal waste.
• Industrial waste water:
The waste eater generated from various industries contains harmful chemicals such as lead,
chromium, arsenic ,cadmium and mercury. The discharge of industrial waste water is called
industrial effluent.
• Petroleum oil:
The leakage of petroleum oil into the sea during various stages of building and shipping
pollutes sea water. This known as oil spill.
• Mining:
Waste water is also generated as a result of mining activities.
• Construction Activity:
Lot of waste water is generated during various stages of building houses, malls and
multiplexes.

5. What are vermi-toilets?


A. In vermi- toilets human excreta is treated by earthworms. It has been found to be a low-
water use toilet for safe processing of human waste. The operation of such toilet is hygienic
and very simple. By this process the human excreta is completely converted into vermi
cakes that can be used as manure for soil.

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