PH3256 Unit 1 Two Marks Question Bank
PH3256 Unit 1 Two Marks Question Bank
The electron moves freely in all directions in the absence of electric field is called
free electron (or) valance electron. These electrons collide with each other, the
collisions are perfectly elastic collisions hence there is no loss of energy. Since the
free electron is in random motion.
2. Define Drift velocity of electrons.
Drift velocity (Vd) is the average velocity acquired by an electron in a particular
direction due to applied electric field.
9.List out the three main theories developed to describe the structure of
materials. (or) List the types of electron theory of metals.
When temperature of the metal increases, the mobility of the electron decreases and
hence the electrical conductivity decreases. The addition of impurities in the metal
decreases the electrical conductivity.
12. What are the uses (or) success of classical free electron theory?
It is used to verify the Ohm’s law.
13.What are the drawbacks of classical free electron theory? (or) State any four
demerits of Classical free electron theory?
It is a macroscopic theory.
According to classical free electron theory, all the free electrons will absorb
energy, but the quantum free electron theory states that only few electrons will
absorb energy.
This theory cannot explain the Compton effect, Photo-electric effect, para-
magnetism and ferromagnetism, etc.,
It is found that the classical value of Lorentz number is only one half of the
experimental value (2.44 × 10–8 W K–2). The discrepancy of L value is the failure
of the classical theory. This can be rectified by quantum theory.
According to quantum free electron theory, the electrons in a metal were assumed
to be moving in a region of constant potential but it fails to explain, why some
solids behave as conductors, some as insulators and some as semiconductors.
Thermal conductivity
Thermal conductivity is defined as the amount of heat flowing through an unit area
per unit time of temperature gratient.
Thermal conductivity is due to both free electrons and photons.
Conduction of heat takes place from hot end to cold end.
19. Write microscopic form of Ohm’s law and state whether it is true for all
temperature.
Microscopically we can write V = IR as J = E
Since the resistivity varies with respect to the temperature, the microscopic form of
ohm’s law is not true for all the temperature.
20. What are the factors that affect the electrical resistivity of materials?
1. Temperature
2. Impurities
3. Inperfections
4. Magnetic field
5. Pressure and strain.
It is define as the minimum energy required to remove an electron from the metal
surface at 0K. in order to make it escape, an additional amount of energy equal to is
required. i.e., .This difference in energy is called Work function.
25.What do you mean by carrier concentration in metal?
In metal carrier concentration is number of free electrons per unit volume in
between the energy interval 0 to it is given by
Carrier concentration N D (E) F(E) dE
26. How classical free electron theory failed to account for specific heat of solid?
According to classical free electron theory, the experimental and theoretical
value of specific heat of solid are not matched. Hence classical free electron
theory is failed.