VOCABULARY – UNIT 1

I. VOCABULARY
necessarily ethnic toddler emigrated centenarian
irritated critical infant adolescent arrogant
1. A(n) centenarian is a person who is 100 years old or more.
2. A(n toddler is a child who has only recently learnt to walk.
3. A(n) adolescent is a young person who is developing from a child into an adult.
4. A(n) infant is a baby or a very young child.
5. Bilal’s grandparents emigrated from Pakistan to the north of England in the 1960s.
6. Bigger doesn’t necessarily mean better.
7. The chief inspector disliked his arrogant manner.
8. Teenagers should understand why their parents might get irritated by certain behaviors.
9. Children may feel critical of parents if treated unfairly.
10. The Kinh is the largest ethnic group in Vietnam, making up 85% of the population.
II. PREPOSITIONS
1. I had a happy birthday _____IN_____the company of family and friends.
2. They got married then she gave birth _____TO_____ a beautiful baby girl.
3. Many young children are addicted _____TO_____video games and social media.
4. _____IN_____theory, the journey should take only three hours, but we may run into some problems.
5. Though she’s _____IN_____ her sixties, she leads a very active life.
III. COLLOCATIONS & PHRASES
profound making gain develop terms
terms opinion heart view sense
1. As teenagers grow up, they develop new ideas, making it harder for parents to understand them.
2. Communication is the key to understanding each other’s points of view _.
3. Young adults often have difficulties ___ making ___ decisions on their own.
4. Even at such a young age, he has very strong political ___ opinion ___.
5. Each person need to develop his/her own view and __ sense __ of right and wrong.
6. Adolescents may experience___ profound ___ changes both physically and emotionally.
7. Participating in social activities will help students ___ gain ___ confidence.
8. Vietnam has achieved better levels of developments in __ terms _ of economy and quality of life.
9. As a middle-aged man, he still feels young at __ heart___.
10. Despite the divorce, she stays on excellent ___ terms__ with her ex.
IV. WORD FORMATIONS
1. My boss always ___ CRITICIZES __ me every time I do something wrong. CRITICAL
2. Hearing that song again filled him with ____ NOSTALGIA __. NOSTALGIC
3. Unlike my brothers, I am not a football___ ENTHUSIAST ___. ENTHUSIASTIC
4. I don’t want to make an ___ ACCUSATION ___ until I have some proof. ACCUSING
5. After the __ COMPLIMENTARY __ remarks, the wedding ceremony could finally begin.
COMPLIMENT
6. It is now a matter of _ URGENCY _ that aid reaches the famine area. URGENT
7. I don’t have much __ SYMPATHY __ for them as they have been forewarned. SYMPATHETIC
8. We are very ___ GRATEFUL__ to all those who contributed. GRATITUDE
9. Every employee in the company feels _ PESSIMISTIC __about future job prospects. PESSIMISM
10. _ SARCASM is like my second language, so I would know if someone were being sarcastic.
SARCASTIC
V. SYNONYMS
 distrustful devotion inhabit inherited boundaries
1. Parents should impose rules and limits = ___ boundaries _within the family.
2. After having been tricked many times, she is skeptical = __ distrustful __of everything her sister says.
3. I really admire Gina for her dedication = _ devotion __to her family.
4. After Queen Elizabeth II’s death, her son Prince Charles III succeeded = _ inherited __ the throne.
5. Some of the rare species that live in = _ inhabit__the area are under threat.
VI. ANTONYMS
kind trivial calm pessimistic indifferent
1. She’s not very optimistic =___ pessimistic__ about the outcome of the talks.
2. “Can I see you for a moment?” – “I’m quite busy. Is it urgent =_ trivial __?”
3. My father was furious =___ calm_when I told him I lost his motorcycle.
4. They made some sarcastic =__ kind __comments on Betty’s new shoes.
5. My best friend is always sympathetic = __ indifferent __to me.

GRAMMAR – UNIT 1
I. PAST TENSE CONTRAST
Common past tenses combinations
1. Past Simple & Past Simple: sequence of events that happened one after another; events happened and
ended in the past
ex: When the traffic signal turned red, the cars stopped.
ex: When she was a child, she lived in a small village.
Usually used with: then, when/ as soon as, …
2. Past Continuous & Past Continuous: events happening at the same time in the past.
ex: While she was cooking the pasta, he was setting up the table.
Usually used with: while, when/ as
3. Past Continuous & Past Simple: a single event interrupting a longer event.
ex: While she was serving in the shop in 1888, she met Vincent van Gogh.
Usually used with: while, when/ as/ just as
4. Past perfect & Past Simple: an event that happened before another event in the past.
ex: He had started a business before he left school.
Usually used with: after, before, when/ by the time S V2/ed/ by the age of
PRACTICE: Provide the correct past form of the verbs
1. While he (write)____________ a letter, the telephone (ring) ____________.
2. The light (go) ____________ out as I (get) ____________ to do my homework.
3. By the time Beth (get) ____________ there, the meeting (start) ____________.
4. They (continue) ____________ their journey after they (have)____________ a rest.
5. When John (be) ____________ a boy, he (wish)____________ to become an astronaut.
6. As soon as Mindy (open) ____________ the window, a cat (jump) ____________ into her room.
7. He (teach) ____________ English for a living while he (live) ____________ in Germany.
8. When I (go) ____________out, the sun (shine) ____________.
9. At 7.00 last night I (do) ____________ my homework and my brother (play) ____________ video games.
10. Almost everybody (leave) ____________ by the time we (get) ____________ to the party.
11. By the age of 35, he (become) ____________ an accomplished artist.
12. When the teacher (walk) ____________into the classroom, he (notice) ____________ that the student
(finish) ____________their homework.
13. The students (walk) ____________ home when it (begin) ____________ raining heavily.
14. Ken (live) ____________ in the dormitory when he (be)____________ a student.
 15. The deer (run) ____________off when it (hear) ____________ the hunter’s gun shot.

II. USED TO V / WOULD V & BE USED TO V-ING/N

1. Used to V: past habits and states (especially from the distant past)
ex: My father used to be a professional football player before I was born.
2. Would V: past habits (especially from the distant past)
ex: My grandmother would cook a big meal every Sunday lunch.
3. Be/ get used to V-ing / N: a situation that is familiar or no longer strange
ex: I didn’t like living alone at first, but now I’m used to it.
PRACTICE: Choose the correct word or phrase
1. When I was younger, I was used to eating/ used to eat pizza almost every day!
2. There would be/ used to be a supermarket on the corner?
3. Bradley is a teacher, but he used to want/ would want to be a train driver.
4. I am used to hating/ used to hate eating cabbage, but now I love it!
5. Did Rick used to have/ Was Rick used to having blond hair when he was a little boy?
6. I know Lily wouldn’t cook/ isn’t used to cooking much, but now she makes dinner every day.
7. When she was a girl, my mum would/ used to live in a village.
8. I really can't be/ get used to having a new baby brother.
9. People would/ used to die of diseases in the past that we can cure today.
10. There would/ used to be a cinema on this corner, but they knocked it down.
11. It was strange at first, but I'm used to play/ playing the bagpipes now.
12. Didn't you use to/ be used to have blonde hair?
13. Christopher was being/ getting used to the idea of joining the army.
14. People never would/ used to be so worried about crime in this area.
15. Having lived in Japan for years, he is now used to drive/ driving to the left.
III. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
1. My parents wouldn't let me stay out late when I was young. used
My parents.......................................................................................let me stay out late when I was young.
2. Did you know that Carol played basketball for her country? to
Did you know that Carol ..............................................................................basketball for her country?
3. Sending messages around the world instantly is no longer unusual. got
We ....................................................................................... messages around the world instantly.
4. When he was a teacher, my dad often used to get home quite late. would
When he was a teacher, my dad .......................................................................................quite late.
5. Do you think you could learn to live without your mobile phone? used
Do you think you could....................................................................................... without your mobile phone?
6. I got to the station. The bus left.
After the bus.......................................................................................
7. She left the house and then we arrived.
Before.......................................................................................
8. During my dinner, the phone rang.
While.......................................................................................
9. After she had done with her math homework, she continued with her English report. then
........................................................................................
10. Someone rang him in the middle of his workout session.
When .......................................................................................