Republic of the Philippines

Commission on Higher Education

DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY
Villa de Bacolor, Pampanga

TOPIC:
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Group No.6
Leader:
DAVID, Harvey T.
Members: ​
MUTUC, Ryza Frances M.​
QUINTO, Kenneth Adrian ​
MUTUC, Ryza Frances M.​

Submitted to:
Engr. Gilmark P. Repulda
Instructor
 PROGRESS REPORT 1

a. Preface

b. Table of Contents

c. Differential Equations (In Context Without Modelling)

Problem 1

The mass, m grams, of a burning candle, t hours after it was lit up,
satisfies the differential equation where k is a positive constant.

a) Solve the differential equation to show that

where A is a non-zero constant.

The initial mass of the candle was 120 grams, and 3 hours later its
mass has halved.

b) Find the value of A and show further that

c) Calculate, correct to three significant figures, the mass of the

candle after a further period of 3 hours has elapsed.

Given the differential equation:

dm/dt = k(m - 10)

Step 1: Separate variables:

dm / (m - 10) = k dt

Step 2: Integrate both sides:

ln |m - 10| = kt + C

Step 3: Solve for m:

m = 10 + A e^(kt), where A = e^C

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Using initial condition m(0) = 120:

120 = 10 + A, so A = 110

Final solution:

m = 10 + 110 e^(kt)

Problem 2

The speed, v ms-1 , of a skydiver falling through still air t seconds

after jumping off a plane, can be modelled by the differential
𝑑𝑣
equation 8 𝑑𝑡
= 80 − 𝑣. The skydiver jumps off the plane with a
downward speed of 5 ms-1 .

1
−8𝑡
a) Solve the differential equation to show that 𝑣 = 80 − 75𝑒 .

b) Find the maximum possible speed that the skydiver can achieve and
show that this speed is independent of the speed he jumps off the
plane You may assume that the skydiver cannot possible jump at a
speed greater than his subsequent maximum speed.

Problem 3

The population of a herd of zebra, P thousands, in time t years is

thought to be governed by the differential equation
𝑑𝑃 1
𝑑𝑡
= 20
𝑃(2𝑃 − 1)𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡. It is assumed that since P is large it can be
modelled as a continuous variable, and its initial value is 8.

8
a) Solve the differential equation to show that 𝑃 = 1
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡
.
16−15𝑒 20

b) Find the maximum and minimum population of the herd.

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Problem 4

The equation of motion of a small raindrop falling freely in still

air, released from rest, is given by

𝑑𝑣
𝑚 𝑑𝑡
= 𝑚𝑔 − 𝑘𝑣,

−1
where m kg is the mass of the raindrop, 𝑣 𝑚𝑠 is the speed of the
raindrop t seconds after release, and g and k are positive constants.

a) Solve the differential equation to show that

( )
𝑘
𝑚𝑔 −𝑚𝑡
𝑣= 𝑘
1 −𝑒

The raindrop has a limiting speed V . (It is known as terminal

velocity).

1 𝑚
b) Show that the raindrop reaches a speed of 2
𝑉 in time 𝑘
𝑙𝑛 2
seconds.

Problem 5

The equation of motion of a small raindrop falling freely in still

air, released from rest, is given by

𝑑𝑣 2
𝑚𝑣 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑚𝑔 − 𝑘𝑣 ,

−1
where m kg is the mass of the raindrop, 𝑣 𝑚𝑠 is the speed of the
raindrop x metres below the point of release, and g and k are
positive constants.

a) Solve the differential equation to show that

( )
2𝑘
2 2 𝑥 2 𝑚𝑔
𝑣 =𝑐 1 −𝑒𝑚 , where 𝑐 = 𝑘
.

The raindrop has a limiting speed V .

(It is known as terminal velocity).

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 1
b) Show that the raindrop reaches a speed of 2
𝑉 , after covering a
2
distance of
𝑉
2𝑔 ( )
𝑙𝑛
4
3
metres.

d. Differential Equations (In Context with Modelling)

Problem 1

The number x of bacterial cells in time t hours, after they were

placed on a laboratory dish, is increasing at the rate proportional
to the number of the bacterial cells present at that time.

a) If 𝑥0 is the initial number of the bacterial cells and k is a

positive constant, show that

𝑘𝑡
𝑥 = 𝑥0𝑒

b) If the number of bacteria triples in 2 hours, show that 𝑘 = 𝑙𝑛 3.

𝑘𝑡
Showing 𝑥 = 𝑥0𝑒

Seperate variables

𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑡
= 𝑘𝑥

𝑑𝑥
𝑥
= 𝑘𝑑𝑡

Integrate both sides

𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑥
= 𝑘∫ 𝑑𝑡

𝑙𝑛 |𝑥| = 𝑘𝑡 + 𝐶

Simplify for the desired equation

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 𝑘𝑡+𝐶
𝑥 =𝑒

𝑘𝑡 𝐶
𝑥 =𝑒 𝑒

𝐶 𝐶
Since 𝑒 is any constant, then 𝑒 = 𝐴

𝑘𝑡
𝑥 = 𝐴𝑒

Find A by substituting with the conditions when 𝑡 = 0 and 𝑥 = 𝑥0 (since

𝑥0 is the initial value.

𝑘(0)
𝑥0 = 𝐴𝑒

𝑥0 = 𝐴(1)

𝑥0 = 𝐴

Problem 2

Water is leaking out of a hole at the bottom of a tank. Let the

height of the water in the tank be y cm at time t minutes. At any
given time after the leaking started, the height of the water in the
tank is decreasing at a rate proportional to the cube root of the
height of the water in the tank. When t = 0 , y = 125 and when t = 3
, y = 64. By forming and solving a differential equation, find the
7
value of y when 𝑡 = 7 12
.

Problem 3

In a laboratory a dangerous chemical is stored in a cylindrical drum

of height 160 cm which is initially full. One day the drum was found
leaking and when this was first discovered, the level of the chemical
had dropped to 100 cm, and at that instant the level of the chemical
was found to be dropping at the rate of 0.25 cm per minute. In order
to assess the contamination level in the laboratory, it is required
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to find the length of time that the leaking has been taking place. It
is assumed that the rate at which the height of the chemical was
dropping is proportional to the square root of its height.

a) Form a suitable differential equation to model the above problem,

where the time, in minutes, is measured from the instant that the
leaking was discovered.

b) Find a solution of the differential equation and use it to

calculate, in hours and minutes, for how long the leaking has been
taking place.

Poblem 4

At time t hours, the rate of decay of the mass, x kg, of a

radioactive substance is directly proportional to the mass present at
that time. Initially the mass is 𝑥0.

a) By forming and solving a suitable differential equation, show that

−𝑘𝑡
𝑥 = 𝑥0𝑒 ,

where k is a positive constant.

1
When t = 5 , 𝑥 = 4
𝑥0.

1
b) Find the value of t when 𝑥 = 2
𝑥0.

e. Differential Equations (with related variables)

Problem 1

3
Gas is kept in a sealed container whose volume, 𝑉 𝑐𝑚 , can be varied
as needed. The pressure of the gas P , in suitable units, is such so
that at any given time the product of P and V remains constant. The
container is heated up so that the volume of the gas begins to expand
at a rate inversely proportional to the volume of the gas at that

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instant. Let t , in seconds, be the time since the volume began to
expand.

a) Show clearly that

𝑑𝑃 3
𝑑𝑡
=− 𝐴𝑃 ,

where A is a positive constant.

1
When t = 0 , P =1 and when t = 2, 𝑃 = 3
.

b) Solve the differential equation to show that

2 1
𝑃 = 4𝑡+1

Problem 2

Page 7 | 12
A snowball is melting and its shape remains spherical at all times.
3
The volume of the snowball, 𝑉 𝑐𝑚 , is decreasing at a rate
proportional to its surface area. Let t be the time in hours since
2
the snowball’s surface area was 4 𝑚 . Sixteen hours later its surface
2
area has reduced to 2.25 𝑚 .

By forming and solving a suitable differential equation, determine

the value of t by which the snowball would have completely melted.

4 3
[volume of a sphere of radius r is given by 3
π𝑟 ]

2
[surface area of a sphere of radius r is given by 4π𝑟 ]

Page 8 | 12
Problem 3

Water is leaking out of a hole at the base of a cylindrical barrel

with constant cross sectional area and a height of 1 m. It is given
that t minutes after the leaking started, the volume of the water
3
left in the barrel is 𝑉 𝑚 , and its height is h m. It is assumed that
3
the water is leaking out, in 𝑚 per minute, at a rate proportional to
the square root of the volume of the water left in the barrel. The
barrel was initially full and 5 minutes later half its contents have
leaked out. If T is the time taken for the barrel to empty, find h
1
when 𝑡 = 2
𝑟.

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Page 10 | 12
Members David, MUTUC, Ryza QUINTO, RUEDA, Gian
Harvey T. Frances M. Kenneth Paul
Adrian

Contribution Differential Differential Differential Differential

s
Equations Equations Equations Equations
(In Context (with (In Context (In Context
with related Without Without
Modelling) variables) Modelling) Modelling)

Score 100 100 100 100

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