1.

Phân biệt cách sử dụng Thì hiện tại hoàn thành và Thì quá
khứ đơn

Hiện tại hoàn thành Quá khứ đơn

Hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ Hành động đã xảy ra và đã

nhưng có thể còn kéo dài tới hiện kết thúc trong quá khứ
tại và tương lai
Eg: I learnt English 10 years
Eg: I have learnt English for 10 ago.
years.
(Tôi đã học tiếng Anh 10
(Tôi học tiếng Anh được 10 năm rồi.) năm trước – và tôi không
còn học nữa.)

Hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ Hành động đã xảy ra và

nhưng còn ảnh hưởng tới hiện tại không còn liên hệ gì với hiện
tại
Eg: I have broken my leg.
Eg: 10 years ago, I broke my
(Tôi đã bị gãy chân – ngầm hiểu: bây
leg once.
giờ tôi nằm ở bệnh viện.)
(10 năm trước, tôi đã bị gãy
chân một lần)

2. Cấu trúc Thì hiện tại hoàn thành và Thì quá khứ đơn

Hiện tại hoàn thành Quá khứ đơn

(+) S + have/ has + VpII * Tobe: S + was/ were + ……

S + have/has + been + O
 I have been diligent: Tôi đã * Verb: S + Ved (động từ ở
cần cù. thể quá khứ) + ……
study -> studied
Eg: I have watched “Iron
pay -> paid
Man” several times.
say -> said
(Tôi đã xem Người Sắt vài
run -> ran
lần.)
Eg: I watched “Iron Man”
yesterday.

(Hôm qua tôi đã xem Người

Sắt.)

(-) S + have/ has + not + VpII * Tobe: S + wasn’t/ weren’t

+ ……
Eg: She hasn’t come up as of
I wasn’t a student.
now.
They weren’t architects.
(Đến giờ cô ấy vẫn chưa
do not
đến.)
does not -> did not
S + have/has + not + been
* Verb: S + didn’t + Vinf +
+O
……
I have not been truthful.
Eg: She didn’t go to school
last week.

(Tuần trước cô ấy đã không

đi học.)

(?) Have/has + S + VpII + O? * Tobe: (Từ để hỏi) + was/

Have you washed the were + S + .....?
 dishes? E.g. Were you a student ?
Yes I have Yes, I was a student/No I
No I haven’t wasn’t a student.

(Từ để hỏi) + have/ has + S * Verb: (Từ để hỏi What

+ VpII? Where Why When How…) +
did + S + Vinf + .....?
Eg: How long have you lived
there? Eg: When did you buy that
book?
(Bạn sống ở đó bao lâu rồi?)
(Bạn đã mua cuốn sách đó
khi nào vậy?)

3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết Thì hiện tại hoàn thành và Thì quá khứ
đơn

Hiện tại hoàn Quá khứ đơn

thành

• Since + mốc thời • last night/ year/ month/decade: 10

gian: 2018. years/century = 100 years/millenium =
Since 2023, I have 1000 years.
been an university
• yesterday/yesteryear
student.
• ... ago: I bought this phone 3 years ago.
• For + khoảng thời
• in + năm: In 2026, I graduated from
gian: 10 years, 2
middle school.
years
For 2 years, I have Eg: She bought the bike 2 years ago.
been an university
student. (Cô ấy mua chiếc xe đạp 2 năm trước.)

• Already (rồi)
I have already done
the dishes.

• Yet (chưa)
I haven’t gone to SG
yet.

• Before (trước đây)

I have heard this

song before.

• Just (vừa mới)

I have just landed in
DN.

• So far (cho đến bây

giờ)

• Recently, lately
(gần đây)

Eg: He has just flown

from New York.

(Anh ấy vừa mới bay

từ New York.)

Exercise 1: Chia động từ ở thì quá khứ đơn

0. That (be) was better than waiting for two hours.

1. Yesterday, I (go)______ to the restaurant with a client.

2. We (drive) ______ around the parking lot for 20 mins to find a parking
space.

3. When we (arrive) ______ at the restaurant, the place (be) ______ full.

4. The waitress (ask) ______ us if we (have) reservations. Waiter:

nam bồi bàn, waitress: nữ bồi bàn

5. I (say)______, "No, my secretary forgets to make them."

6. The waitress (tell)______ us to come back in two hours.

7. My client and I slowly (walk) ______ back to the car.

8. Then we (see) ______ a small grocery store.

9. We (stop)______ in the grocery store and (buy) ______ some

sandwiches.

Exercise 2: Chia động từ ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành

0. I (work) have worked here for three years.

1. There is no more cheese. I (eat)……………. it all, I’m afraid.

2. The bill isn’t right. They (make)………….. a mistake.

3. Don’t you want to see this programme? It ………….(start).

4. It’ll soon get warm in here. I (turn)……….. the heating on.

5. ………they (pay)…….. money for your mother?

6. Someone (take)………………. my bicycle.

7. Wait for few minutes, please! I (finish)……………. my dinner.

8. ………you ever (eat)………….. Sushi?

9. She (not/come)…………… here for a long time.

Exercise 3: Present Perfect

1. I _____ my keys. I can’t find them anywhere.

 A. lost
 B. have lost
 C. lose
 D. had lost

2. She _____ already _____ her homework.

 A. has / done
 B. have / did
 C. did / do
 D. does / done

3. They _____ in this city since 2010.

 A. lived
 B. have lived
 C. live
 D. are living

4. We _____ to the zoo this year.

 A. go
 B. have gone
 C. went
 D. had gone

5. _____ you ever _____ sushi?

 A. Did / eat
 B. Have / eaten
 C. Do / eat
 D. Are / eating

6. My brother _____ never _____ a plane.

 A. has / flown
 B. have / flown
 C. flied / has
 D. is / flying

7. I _____ just _____ my breakfast.

 A. have / finished
 B. had / finish
 C. finished / have
 D. have / finish

8. They _____ not _____ any emails yet.

 A. have / sent
 B. has / send
 C. have / send
 D. did / sent

9. She _____ in three different countries.

 A. has lived
 B. lives
 C. lived
 D. live

10. He _____ his phone. He’s looking for it.

 A. lost
 B. has lost
 C. is losing
 D. lose

Exercise 4: Past Simple:

1. I _____ to the beach last weekend.

 A. have gone
 B. went
 C. go
 D. was going

2. She _____ the door when I arrived.

 A. closed
 B. has closed
 C. was closing
 D. close

3. We _____ in Hanoi for two years before moving.

 A. lived
 B. have lived
 C. live
 D. had live
4. They _____ to Japan in 2020.

 A. went
 B. go
 C. have gone
 D. were going

5. _____ you _____ the test yesterday?

 A. Have / taken
 B. Did / take
 C. Do / take
 D. Were / taking

6. My friends _____ a party last Saturday.

 A. have
 B. had
 C. were having
 D. have had

7. I _____ my bike to school last year.

 A. ride
 B. rode
 C. ridden
 D. riding

8. She _____ in a hospital before becoming a teacher.

 A. worked
 B. has worked
 C. works
 D. is working
9. We _____ lunch at a restaurant yesterday.

 A. have
 B. had
 C. has
 D. having

10. He _____ late to class yesterday.

 A. come
 B. came
 C. comes
 D. has come

Exercise 5. Put the verbs into the correct tense

(simple past or present perfect)
0. Mother: I want to prepare dinner. (you/ wash) Have you
washed the dishes yet?
1. Daughter: I (wash) the dishes yesterday, but I (not/ have) the time
yet to do it today.
2. Mother: (you/ do/ already) your homework?
3. Daughter: No, I (come/ just) home from school.
4. Mother: You (come) home from school two hours ago!
5. Daughter: Well, but my friend Lucy (call) when I (arrive) and I (finish/
just) the phone call.
6. Mother: (you/ see/ not) Lucy at school in the morning?
7. Daughter: Yes, but we (have/ not) time to talk then.
 Exercise 6. Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong
ngoặc.
1. She already ( watch) this movie.
2. He (write) his report yet?
3. We (travel) to New York lately.
4. They (not give) his decision yet.
5. Tracy ( not see) her friend for 2 years.
6. I (be) to London three times.
7. It (rain) since I stopped my work.
8. This is the second time I (meet) him.
9. They (walk) for more than 2 hours.
10. You (get) married yet?

Exercise 7: Mỗi câu sau chứa một lỗi sai. Tìm và

sửa chúng.
1. I haven’t cutted my hair since last June.
2. She has not working as a teacher for almost 5 years.
3. The lesson haven’t started yet.
4. Has the cat eat yet?
5. I am worried that I hasn’t still finished my homework yet.
6. I have just decided to start working next week.
7. He has been at his computer since seven hours.
8. She hasn’t receivedany good news since a long time.
9. My father hasn’t playedany sport for last year.
10. I’d better have a shower. I hasn’t hadone since Thursday.
Exercise 8: Viết lại các câu sau dựa trên các từ cho
sẵn có sử dụng thì hiện tại hoàn thành.
1. We/ not eat/ out/ since/ mom’s birthday.
2. How/ long/ you/ live/ here?
3. You/ ever/ been/ Russia?
4. She/ not/ meet/ kids/ since Christmas.
5. They/ repair/ lamps/ yet?

Exercise 9: Điền dạng đúng của từ trong ngoặc vào

chỗ trống.
1. She (study) ________ English for three years.
2. They (travel) ________ to many countries.
3. He (eat) ________ lunch yet.
4. We (finish) ________ our project.
5. I (not see) ________ that movie before.
6. Have you ever (visit) ________ Paris?
7. She (not meet) ________ him yet.
8. They (already start) ________ the meeting.
9. I (just buy) ________ a new car.
10. Have they (decide) ________ on a date for the party?
11. He (work) ________ at the company for five years.
12. We (meet) ________ each other before.
13. They (not finish) ________ their homework yet.
14. Have you ever (try) ________ Japanese food?
15. She (learn) ________ how to play the piano for two months.
16. We (not visit) ________ that museum before.
17. Have they (book) ________ their tickets for the concert?
18. He (write) ________ many books in his career.
19. I (not see) ________ her for a long time.
20. She (practice) ________ yoga for five years.

Exercise 10: Bài tập thì hiện tại hoàn thành: Chọn
đáp án đúng nhất
1. Have you __________ to Japan before?
a) been
b) gone
c) visited
2. She __________ her homework already.
a) finished
b) has finished
c) has been finishing
3. They __________ to the movies many times.
a) have been
b) have gone
c) have watched
4. __________ you ever __________ a foreign language?
a) Have / learned
b) Do / learn
c) Are / learning
5. He __________ in this company for five years.
a) worked
b) has worked
c) is working
6. We __________ to Paris twice.
a) have been
b) have gone
c) have visited
7. She __________ her driver’s license.
a) got
b) has got
c) has been getting
8. __________ you __________ the news today?
a) Have / heard
b) Did / hear
c) Are / hearing
9. They __________ their vacation in Italy.
a) enjoyed
b) have enjoyed
c) have been enjoying
10. __________ she __________ the book yet?
a) Did / read
b) Has / read
c) Is / reading