Glossary
Data Analytics
Terms and Definitions
Terms and definitions from all courses
A
A/B testing: The process of testing two variations of the same web page to determine which
page is more successful at attracting user traffic and generating revenue
Absolute reference: A reference within a function that is locked so that rows and columns
won’t change if the function is copied
Access control: Features such as password protection, user permissions, and encryption that
are used to protect a spreadsheet
Accuracy: The degree to which data conforms to the actual entity being measured or described
Action-oriented question: A question whose answers lead to change
Administrative metadata: Metadata that indicates the technical source of a digital asset
Aesthetic (R): A visual property of an object in a plot
Agenda: A list of scheduled appointments
Aggregation: The process of collecting or gathering many separate pieces into a whole
Algorithm: A process or set of rules followed for a specific task
Aliasing: Temporarily naming a table or column in a query to make it easier to read and write
Alternative text: Text that provides an alternative to non-text content, such as images and
videos
Analytical skills: Qualities and characteristics associated with using facts to solve problems
Analytical thinking: The process of identifying and defining a problem, then solving it by using
data in an organized, step-by-step manner
Annotation: Text that briefly explains data or helps focus the audience on a particular aspect of
the data in a visualization
Anscombe’s quartet: Four datasets that have nearly identical summary statistics but contain
different plotted values
Area chart: A data visualization that uses individual data points for a changing variable
connected by a continuous line with a filled in area underneath
Argument (R): Information needed by a function in R in order to run
Arithmetic operator: An operator used to perform basic math operations such as addition,
subtraction, multiplication, and division
Array: A collection of values in spreadsheet cells
Assignment operator: An operator used to assign values to variables and vectors
Attribute: A characteristic or quality of data used to label a column in a table
Audio file: Digitized audio storage usually in an MP3, AAC, or other compressed format
AVERAGE: A spreadsheet function that returns an average of the values from a selected range
AVERAGEIF: A spreadsheet function that returns the average of all cell values from a given
range that meet a specified condition