Report MR-RADHESHYAM HL5900686435 1751122701 250628 202904
Report MR-RADHESHYAM HL5900686435 1751122701 250628 202904
VITAMIN B12
Clinical significance :
Vitamin B12 or cyanocobalamin, is a complex corrinoid compound found exclusively from animal dietary sources,
such as meat, eggs and milk. It is critical in normal DNA synthesis, which in turn affects erythrocyte maturation
and in the formation of myelin sheath. Vitamin-B12 is used to find out neurological abnormalities and impaired DNA
synthesis associated with macrocytic anemias. For diagnostic purpose, results should always be assessed in
conjunction with the patients medical history, clinical examination and other findings.
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25 OH VITAMIN D 3 TOTAL
Reference Range
Deficiency < 20 ng/mL
Insufficiency 20– 30 ng/mL
Sufficiency 30–100 ng/mL
Toxicity :>100 ng/mL
Vitamin D Total test is analyzed on Siemens ADVIA Centaur, standardized against ID-LC/MS/MS, as per Vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP).
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Reference Range
90 - 120 mg/dl : Good Control
121 - 150 mg/dl : Fair Control
151 - 180 mg/dl : Unsatisfactory Control
> 180 mg/dl : Poor Control
Clinical significance :
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is a result of the nonenzymatic attachment of a hexose molecule to the N-terminal amino acid of the hemoglobin molecule. The
attachment of the hexose molecule occurs continually over the entire life span of the erythrocyte and is dependent on blood glucose concentration and the duration
of exposure of the erythrocyte to blood glucose. Therefore, the HbA1c level reflects the mean glucose concentration over the previous period (approximately 8-12
weeks, depending on the individual) and provides a much better indication of long-term glycemic control than blood and urinary glucose determinations. Diabetic
patients with very high blood concentrations of glucose have from 2 to 3 times more HbA1c than normal individuals.
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BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE
TEST DESCRIPTION RESULT UNITS METHOD
RANGE
Total Red Blood Cell Count 5.14 10^6/uL 4.52 - 5.5 Electrical Impedance
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IRON PROFILE
Clinical significance :
Iron is an essential trace mineral element which forms an important component of hemoglobin,
metallocompounds and Vitamin A. Deficiency of iron, leads to microcytic hypochromic anemia. The toxic
effects of iron are deposition of iron in various organs of the body and hemochromatosis.
Total Iron Binding capacity (TIBC) is a direct measure of the protein Transferrin which transports iron from
the gut to storage sites in the bone marrow. In iron deficiency anemia, serum iron is reduced and TIBC
increases.
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LIPID PROFILE
INTERPRETATION
Lipid profiles should be measured as a part of global risk assessment, and the frequency of checkup is determined by age, sex, and risk factors for cardiovascular
disease.
Lipid profile, including triglycerides and total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol, are modifiable factors sensitive to obesity. Recent studies suggest risk of prostate cancer
may increase with obesity-related dyslipidemia, including a low HDL, high LDL and total cholesterol, and high triglycerides. Dyslipidemia may also be related to
increased tumor grade, as evidenced by abnormal HDL level being a strong predictor of developing high-risk disease.
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KIDNEY PROFILE
INTERPRETATION
Kidney function tests are urine or blood tests that evaluate how well your kidneys are working. Most of these tests measure glomerular filtration rate (GFR). GFR
assesses how efficiently your kidneys clear waste from your system.
They help your body filter waste materials and expel them as urine. Your kidneys are also vital for producing:
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INTERPRETATION
Liver function tests (also known as a liver panel) are blood tests that measure different enzymes, proteins, and other substances made by the liver. These tests check
the overall health of your liver. Liver function tests are most often used to:
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Reference Range
Thyroid hormone status during pregnancy:
Pregnancy T3 T4 TSH
1. Patients having low T3 and T4 levels but high TSH levels suffer from primary hypothyroidism, cretinism, juvenile myxedema or autoimmune disorders.
2. Patients having high T3 and T4 levels but low TSH levels suffer from Grave's disease, toxic adenoma or sub-acute thyroiditis.
3. Patients having either low or normal T3 and T4 levels but low TSH values suffer from iodine deficiency or secondary hypothyroidism.
4. Patients having high T3 and T4 levels but normal TSH levels may suffer from toxic multinodular goiter. This condition is mostly a symptomatic and may
cause transient hyperthyroidism but no persistent symptoms.
5. Patients with high or normal T3 and T4 levels and low or normal TSH levels suffer either from T3 toxicosis or T4 toxicosis respectively.
6. In patients with non thyroidal illness abnormal test results are not necessarily indicative of thyroidism but may be due to adaptation to thecatabolic state
and may revert to normal when the patient recovers.
7. There are many drugs for eg. Glucocorticoids, Dopamine, Lithium, Iodides, Oral radiographic dyes, etc. which may affect the thyroid function tests.
8. Generally when total T3 and total T4 results are indecisive then Free T3 and Free T4 tests are recommended for further confirmation along with TSH levels.
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BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE
TEST DESCRIPTION RESULT UNITS
RANGE
Reference Range
> = 90 : Normal
60 - 89 : Mild Decrease
45 - 59 : Mild to Moderate Decrease
30 - 44 : Moderate to Severe Decrease
15 - 29 : Severe Decrease
Clinical Significance-
The normal serum creatinine reference interval does not necessarily reflect a normal GFR for a patient. Because mild and moderate kidney injury is poorly inferred
from serum creatinine alone. Thus, it is recommended for clinical laboratories to routinely estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), a “gold standard” measurement
for assessment of renal function, and report the value when serum creatinine is measured for patients 18 and older, when appropriate and feasible. It cannot be
measured easily in clinical practice, instead, GFR is estimated from equations using serum creatinine, age, race and sex. This provides easy to interpret information
for the doctor and patient on the degree of renal impairment since it approximately equates to the percentage of kidney function remaining. Application of CKD-EPI
equation together with the other diagnostic tools in renal medicine will further improve the detection and management of patients with CKD.
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Interpretation:
High sensitivity C-reactive protein, when used in conjunction with other clinical laboratory evaluation of acute coronary syndromes, may be useful as an independent
marker of prognosis for recurrent events, in patients with stable coronary disease or acute coronary syndromes. hsCRP levels should not be substituted for
assessment of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Patients with persistently unexplained, marked evaluation of hsCRP after repeated testing should be evaluated
for non - cardiovascular etiologies
Clinical significance:
hsCRP measurements may be used as an independent risk marker for the identification of individuals at risk for future cardiovascular disease. Elevated CRP values
may be indicative of prognosis of individuals with acute coronary syndromes, and may be useful in the management of such individuals.
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