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Force

The document discusses various types of forces, including frictional, gravitational, electrostatic, muscular, force, and thrust, highlighting their differences and applications. It explains concepts like sliding and rolling friction, and the advantages of designs such as circular wheels and ball bearings in reducing friction. Additionally, it compares the speed of hovercrafts to steamers, attributing the difference to reduced friction and efficient design.

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Sukanta Debnath
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0 views2 pages

Force

The document discusses various types of forces, including frictional, gravitational, electrostatic, muscular, force, and thrust, highlighting their differences and applications. It explains concepts like sliding and rolling friction, and the advantages of designs such as circular wheels and ball bearings in reducing friction. Additionally, it compares the speed of hovercrafts to steamers, attributing the difference to reduced friction and efficient design.

Uploaded by

Sukanta Debnath
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ch 03: FORCE

H. 🔍Differences:
1. Frictional force and Gravitational force

Frictional Force Gravitational Force 3. 📊 Electrostatic Force and Muscular


Force
This force doesn't need
This force needs contact
contact ⚡ Electrostatic Force 💪 Muscular Force

Acts opposite to motion Acts downward It is the force between This force applied using
charged objects. muscles of our body.
Acts between two Acts between any two
touching surfaces objects with mass Works due to electric Works due to muscle
charges movement
This force can slow down
It pulls down things.
things. No contact needed (acts
Needs direct contact.
from a distance).

Ex- A comb attracting paper Ex- Lifting a bag or


2. 📊 Force and Thrust
bits after rubbing. pushing a door
⚙️ Force 🚀 Thrust

A push or pull on an A push in a specific


object is called force. direction.
4. 📊 Sliding Friction and Rolling Friction
Always acts in a specific
Force can act at any 🧊 Sliding Friction 🛞 Rolling Friction
direction (usually
direction.
forward). Friction when one object Friction when an object
slides over another. rolls over a surface.
Used in all types of Mainly used in rockets,
movements. jets, and engines. More contact between Less contact between
surfaces surfaces
Ex- Rocket engines
Ex- Pushing a box,
produce thrust to This friction is more. This friction is less.
pulling a cart.
move upward.
Pushing a box on the floor. Rolling a ball.

By sliding it is harder to By rolling it is easier to


move things. move things.
I.
1. Sand is spread on a slippery road before
5. Hovercraft (a vessel that floats on a cushion
being worked on. Why?
of air) travels faster than a steamer. Why?
→ Slippery roads have low friction, so vehicles
and workers may slide or skid. Sand creates a
rough surface, which increases friction and helps →Hovercraft travels faster than a steamer
vehicles grip the road better, making it safer to because:
working on.
I. Less Friction: Hovercraft floats on a
cushion of air, so it does not touch the
2. Wheels of a car are made circular. Why? water surface directly. This reduces water
→A circular shape reduces friction while moving resistance (friction), allowing it to move
and allows the car to move easily and smoothly faster.
on the road. It also helps in maintaining balance II. Lightweight Movement: It can glide
and ensures faster and more efficient movement. smoothly over both water and land,
making its movement more efficient
compared to the heavy drag faced by a
steamer moving through water.
3. Ball bearings are used in some machines.
III. High-Speed Engines: Hovercraft usually
Why?
use powerful turbofans that generate lift
→ Ball bearings have small smooth metal balls and thrust, contributing to their higher
that roll between moving parts. Rolling causes speed.
less friction than sliding. So in machines, ball
bearings help the parts move smoothly and On the other hand conventional heavy
steamers floating on water facing water
easily, and also reduce wear and tear.
resistance.

So, due to reduced friction and efficient


4. The tyres of cars are made rough. Why? design, hovercrafts can travel faster than
steamers.
→ Rough tyres grip the road better, especially on
wet or slippery surfaces. This increased friction
helps in safe turning, stopping, and controlling the
car. **********

.. SUKANTA DEBNATH.

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