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BEYOND
LAC AN
SUNY series in Psychoanalysis and Culture

Henry Sussman, editor

BEYOND
LAC AN

JAMES M. MELLARD

State University of New York Press

Published by
State University of New York Press, Albany

© 2006 State University of New York

All rights reserved

Printed in the United States of America

No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever

without written permission. No part of this book may be stored in a retrieval
system or transmitted in any form or by any means including electronic,
electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise
without the prior permission in writing of the publisher.

For information, address State University of New York Press,

1 94 Washington Avenue, Suite 305, Albany, NY 122 1 0-2 3 84

Production by Judith Block

Marketing by Michael Campochiaro

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Mellard, James M.
Beyond Lacan I James M. Mellard.
p. em. - (SUNY series in psychoanalysis and culture)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN- 1 3 : 978-0-79 14-6903-3 (hardcover : alk. paper)
ISBN-1 0: 0-79 1 4-6903-4 (hardcover : alk. paper)
1 . Psychology and literature. 2. Lacan, Jacques, 1 901-
1 . Title. IT. Series.

PC56.P93M45 2006
801'.92-dc22
2005036229

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
 In memory of
Connie Marshall Mellard Sr.
Alice]. Gilbert
james W. Gilbert
and
Charles McGraw
 Contents

lllustrations ix

Acknowledgments xi

Introduction 1

PART I. TOWARD LACAN

Chapter 1. From Freud to jacques Lacan and the

Textual Unconscious 13

Chapter 2. Which Lacan? 47

PART II. LACANIAN EXEMPLIFICATIONS

Chapter 3. Invisible Man: The Textual Unconscious and a

Subject beyond History 77

Chapter 4. Meconnaissance: "Saint" Flannery, Sexuality,

and the Culture of Psychoanalysis 1 05

Chapter 5. The Forced Choice: Le Pere ou Pire in

Glaspell's "Jury of Her Peers " 129

Chapter 6. Oedipus, Narcissus, and the Maternal Thing

in Fitzgerald's "Winter Dreams " 153

vii
viii CoNTENTS

Chapter 7. Hart's Damage. Lacanian Tragedy. and

the Ethics of Jouissance 179

PART III. BEYOND LACAN

Chapter 8. Beyond Lacan: Slavoj Z iiek. Things to Die for.

and a Philosophy of Paradox 211

Notes 255

Works Cited 263

Index 279
 Illustrations

Fig. 1 . Graph o f the Optical Unconscious 26

Fig. 2. Lacan's Complex Schema L 36

Fig. 3. Lacan's Simple Schema L 37

Fig. 4. Lacan's Schema R 38

Fig. 5 . Lacan's Three-Ring Borromean Knot 39

Fig. 6 . A Four-Ring Borromean Knot 40

Fig. 7. An Ultimate Schema L 41

Fig. 8 . A Greimasian Square o f Implications 203

lX
 Acknowledgments

want to express my gratitud e for permissi o n to repri nt revised ver­

Isions of prev io usl y published essays. Chapter 4, o n Flannery
O ' Co nnor, appeared in Prospects 24 ( 1 999): 625-43 and is reprinted
with permission of Cambridge University Press. Chapter 5, on Susan
Glaspell's "Jury of Her Peers," appeared in Journal for the
Psychoanalysis of Culture and Society 3 (Fall 1 998): 145-60 and is
reprinted with permission of Ohio State University Press. Cha pte r 6, o n
F. Scott Fitzgerald's "Winter Dreams," appeared in Arizona Quarterly
58.4 (2002): 5 1-79 and is reprinted with permission. Chapter 7, on
Josephine Hart's Damage, appeared in PMLA 1 1 3 (May 1 998 ) :
395-407 and i s reprinted with permission of the Modern Language
Associatio n.

XI
 Introduction

n Beyond Lacan, I have several purposes. First, I want to show that

I Lacanian principles concerning subjectivity are readily-perhaps
inevitably-manifested in fictional texts. In readings of several signifi­
cant such texts, I want, second, not only to make those principles more
accessible to readers but, third, also to demonstrate the validity-and
power-of Lacanian theory to explain subjects and structures in them.
Since readings of fictional texts illustrate Anglo-American assimilation
of Lacanian theory, it is necessary, fourth, to explain how it emerged
from Lacan's critique of Freud, how from Freud Lacan assimilated an
understanding that the unconscious is textual-is indeed a textual
unconscious-and how in reception of Lacanian theory critics fre­
quently have defined an "early" and a " late " theory. At the same time,
I want to show that in critical practice Lacanians have in effect con­
structed a " middle " Lacan conflating early and late. Finally, I want to
show that although Lacanian theory remains important to psychoana­
lytic interpretation of literature and culture, a " beyond " of Lacan­
Lacanian but also something else-seems now to be emerging in the
massive elucidations of Lacan by Slavoj Z il.ek.
In part 1 , "Toward Lacan," there are two chapters. In the first,
" From Freud to Jacques Lacan and the Textual Unconscious, " I show
that there is an unfamiliar history in the emergence of Lacanian theory
as it develops in relation to Freudian theory. Lacanian theory, as we
all know, emerged from Freudian by way of Lacan's giving a particu­
lar twist to Freud's emphases. Whereas Freud understood from the
beginning that language, in "the talking cure," was important to his
enterprise, when he sought metaphorical models for his work, as is
widely documented, he himself typically thought of it as " archeologi­
cal. " Lacan's innovation, in the 1 95 0s, especially, was to foreground

1
2 INTRODUCTION

language and give it pride of place through another metaphor, that of lin­
guistics as metaphor, not linguistics as such. While Lacan supposed that
he was merely returning to Freud by highlighting elements already visible
in Freud's writings, his rereading nonetheless eventually generated a new
theoretical edifice we came to call " Lacanian. " But, mutatis mutandis, in
a twist to Freudian theory that I believe is well founded, if, indeed, not in
fact mandated, Lacanian theory, powerfully stressing language-Lacan's
mantra is "The unconscious is structured like a language"-builds on an
unacknowledged theoretical foundation in textuality. Albeit unacknowl­
edged, it is visible not only in Freud but also in Jung's notion of a collec­
tive unconscious, as well as in other, recent and discursively powerful
notions such as the political unconscious (of Fredric Jameson) and the
optical unconscious (of Walter Benjamin and Rosalind Krauss). As for
Lacanian textuality itself, I also show here that Lacan developed idea
after idea through recourse to textualizing figures such as Schema L,
Schema R, and Borromean knots, graphs of desire, an algorithm of signi­
fication, and formulas for sexuation, for metaphor and metonymy, for
the four discourses, and more. In short, I suggest, no textuality, no
Lacan. On a foundation in textuality, many have built a theory of inter­
pretation, largely semiotic but not limited to semiotics per se, called
" intertextuality. " Intertextuality labels what any active interpreter
knows, that when we interpret, we move, in a reciprocal way, back and
forth, between codes-whether Freudian or Lacanian, Marxist or decon­
structionist, feminist or multiculturalist, or whatever-and texts or inter­
pretive objects (though any of these may be spoken, as in the therapeutic
clinic, even these are necessarily rendered into texts if they are inter­
preted). Because it is in intertextuality, however, that we find our means
for interpreting both literature and the unconscious, the concept of a 'tex­
tual unconscious' may eventually vanish, in a phenomenon that Jameson
has called a " vanishing mediator."
In the second chapter, "Which Lacan ? " I address debates about
periods or phases of Lacanian theory. Though my approach may some­
times seem whimsical, the topic is quite serious, for one may not always
understand, literally, which Lacan is the theorist invoked by a given
critical interpreter. The dominant theory (one Z iiek typically, disparag­
ingly, calls the " current" or " standard " understanding) remains essen­
tially an early theory, stressing, it is argued by some, the registers of
Imaginary and Symbolic and essentially ignoring the Real. Until the
1 950s, Lacan paid little mind to what he called only "the field of the
real, " not stressing it until he commenced the twenty-seven-year semi­
naire for which he is most famous-and controversial. More and more,
in Lacanian discourse, there has come into play "a late Lacan," one
 Introduction 3

that elevates the Real over the other registers . Nonetheless, when this
Lacan begins is a much-deb ated question. The answer is, well, it
depends. Some say 1 95 3 , the year the seminaire began, others say in
1 9 5 9- 1 96 0 with Seminar 7's Ethics of Psychoanalysis, yet others say
in 1 964 with Seminar 1 1 's Four Fundamental Concepts of Psycho­
analysis. Then there are those who say in 1 972-1 973 with 20's
Encore, or 1 974-1 975 with 22's R.S. I. , or even 1 975-1 976 with 23
on Le sinthome. You get the picture. Which Lacan and when emer­
gent, let us say, are concepts essentially-and widely-contested .
Regardless of one's answer to questions of which or when (and there
are also Lacanians who postulate a series of three or more phases), the
dominant view-which, not surprisingly, is that of Z iiek and his
cohorts-tends to be binary: whenever and on whatever grounds
demarcations are located, there is most basically at least an early and a
late Lacan. Occam's solution. Simplicity is better. But be forewarned,
as I illustrate in a reading of one of Lacan's case studies toward the
end of chapter 2, Lacan himself seems not even to know or, perhaps
more to the point, at all to care whether one invokes early or late. So
for Lacan is there j ust one?
Taking Lacan at his word, a word in fact never spoken, I take the
view that while there is a late Lacan following an early, it is the early
who, passe now, dominated Lacanian interpretation into the 1 990s.
But we must acknowledge also a paradoxical middle Lacan. There is a
certain irony in how a middle Lacan emerged retroactively, after late
Lacan. It emerged this way because it is a Lacan formed of our recep­
tion-and conflation-of early theory and late. For historical reasons,
largely based on availability of Lacan's texts, uses of Lacan into the
early ' 90s belonged to early Lacan, where early stressed interactions
between Imaginary and Symbolic in Oedipal constitutions of subjects
vis a vis desire. Since then, critical uses have tended to employ either a
de facto middle one of conflation or, increasingly nowadays, a late
theory. This late one, stressing the Real, at the same time stresses
threats of drive and jouissance to a stable subjectivity. Late Lacan is
one, in its specific contours and emphases, propounded most success­
fully by Z iiek.
Since there is not much point, these days, in exhibiting early
Lacanian readings (which, I might add, feature in my 1 9 9 1 Using
Lacan, Reading Fiction), in the five chapters of part 2, " Lacanian
Exemplifications," I illustrate (in normal order) middle readings and
late ones in analyses of several works of fiction. The two readings illus­
trating a middle Lacan focus on Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man and
Flannery O' Connor's Wise Blood. Both p ublished in 1 952, these two
4 INTRODUCTION

novels were written at that historical moment when a notion of the

textual unconscious was finally being articulated within psychoana­
lytic, as in Lacan, and literary theory, as in New Criticism focusing on
the autonomous text. Ellison embraced it in his technique, but
O 'Connor consciously feared psychoanalysis and yet unwittingly
expressed it. As I show in chapter 3, the very structure of Ellison's
novel illustrates a textual unconscious functioning in the novel to
access a subjectivity in its narrator. My analysis shows how an early
Lacanian theory of subjectification, operating through interactions of
Imaginary and Symbolic, may be augmented by a late notion of a Real
whose elements Ellison' s narrator encounters not only in a maternal
presence expressing race but also in a place outside history where he
locates himself to write his book. Widely regarded as a story of initia­
tion or coming of age, the novel is much taken up in the narrator's
constitution of an adult subjectivity. In its Lacanian contours, it neces­
sarily devotes much of that constitution to Imaginary relations. In one
of these, the character Tod Clifton serves d oubly in his relation to the
narrator. Clifton begins as a figure of Imaginary identification as ideal
ego, a relation characterized in mirror-stage terms marked by imita­
tion and aggression. But after Tod is murdered, the relation between
narrator and dead youth changes . Mourning transforms Tod into a
figure in the Symbolic, into a figure of authority, really a substitute for
the dead father of Symbolic Law. As that figure holding together the
narrator's subjectivity, he leaves the narrator bereft for a time after his
death . But through a process of mourning, a process Lacan discusses
in "Desire and the Interpretation of Desire in Hamlet, " the narrator
regains his orientation within the Symbolic order and moves on to
take up his " father's" work, discovering for " his " people a proper
" b rotherhood "-one apart from The Brotherhood. Since historical
reality does not yet provide a place from which to launch an appropri­
ate revolution (one distinct from that projected by Ras the Destroyer),
the narrator goes underground, there to confront the two fathers con­
cealed in the Law, the primordial (original) father of the Real, the one
of " the drip-drop " of bloody violence, and the oedipal father, the
Name-of-the-Father of Symbolic subject constitution. He has encoun­
tered forms of these earlier, on the one hand, in the legend of the
Founder (really an Imaginary Symbolic) and, on the other, in angry,
socioeconomically oppressed blacks whose existence as a sort of living
dead is symbolized by the " blood-froth sparkling their chins " and who
represent a Real from which may emanate a primordial father such as
Ras. Deciding that violence, the violent act, is not a proper answer for
himself or his race, he performs his act, the writing of his book, that
 Introduction 5

gives the best answer availa ble to him in an America of the 1930s,
1 940s, or 1 95 0s.
In chapter 4, my interest lies as much in Flannery O'Connor's
ambivalence toward the culture of psychoanalysis as in Wise Blood. In
another reading in middle Lacan, I use fewer notions from the early
theory, such as creation of subjectivity in interchanges between
Imaginary and Symbolic, and more from late notions of drive, the Real,
and jouissance. Drawing on details from the novel as well as from
O'Connor' s letters in The Habit of Being, especially those to "A" (now
identified as Betty Hester), I discuss the complex relationship between
her culture and her faith, between her attitude toward psychoanalysis­
with its pronouncements on the dominance of sex and sexuality coming
to her from a modernist culture of psychoanalysis-and her intense
feelings ab out the place of her Christian faith in her life and art. While
she vehemently rejects psychoanalytic interpretations of her texts, it is
quite clear that as a modernist author she understood that her stature
greatly benefitted from such readings of them. She vociferously rejected
Freudian understandings of sex and sexuality, but, in ways that cry out
for psychoanalytic interpretation, her fiction frequently exhibits these,
not only in Wise Blood but also in such stories as "A Temple of the
Holy Ghost " and "A Circle in the Fire. " Many of these contradictions,
within O'Connor as well as in her fiction, are expressed in what Lacan
calls " meconnaissance. " It is a misrecognition of truths of the subject
that becomes the subject's truth . It may involve any register­
Imaginary, Symb olic, or Real-but especially features misrecognition of
elements dangerous to subjectivity such as sexual jouissance and drive,
the death drive, each associated with the Real. In O'Connor, powerful
are the conflicts or contradictions regarding gender and sexuality, for
they are expressed in interactions involving her own physical health
(she suffered excruciatingly from and died of complications of lupus),
her Christian faith, and her need to adhere to her modernist aesthetic in
creating her fictions. Many such issues emerge from her intense, in part
misrecognized, connection to her character, the man Hazel (Haze)
Motes, for there we see how her sense of Christ's abandonment on the
cross, her own physical trials from her disease, and her construction of
a sainthood for Motes are all intricately intermingled, to say nothing of
how complexly each of these plays into construction of O 'Connor her­
self as " saint " by her devoted readers.
My three readings in late Lacan address Susan Glaspell's "Jury of
Her Peers, " F. Scott Fitzgerald's "Winter Dreams," and Josephine
Hart's Damage. These readings move entirely into the realm of a late
Lacanian paradigm . While I do not believe that a late theory produces
6 INTRODUcnON

better interpretations of texts than an early one produces, it is clear

that, typically-with the caveat that one may always read against the
grain-early and late produce ones fitting different genre expectations.
Constructions of stories within an early, oedipal, framework are likely
to produce comic stories, ones in which protagonists succeed in the
business of becoming functional subjects. Such readi ngs typically fit
initiation stories, such as Invisible Man, stories of growing up, becom­
ing a man, or-more and more in ou r time-becoming a woman.
Constructions within a late paradigm typically give us readings that
fall on the generic sides of the ironic and the tragic. By uncovering
how drive, jouissance, a primordial father, or a maternal Thing all
threaten to undermine subjects in their self-knowledge or entirely to
engulf them, a reading for the Real may undercut any emplotment.
Moreover, it seems the case that reading a typical oedipal story from
the side of the Real i nevitably becomes a reading against the grain,
against ordinary fits between plot and paradigm. We may, in other
words, use a late parad igm to identify ironic or tragic elements con­
cealed beneath Imaginary or Symbolic resolutions or within any con­
ventional oedipal subjectification.
In chapter 5, reading Glaspell's "Jury of Her Peers," I uncover the
Real contradictions of Imaginary and Symbolic resolutions. Crossing
Lacan's triad of registers, Imaginary, Symbolic, and Real, a late
Lacanian reading examines Imaginary identifications, Symbolic inscrip­
tions of law and subjects' relations to the Father, and then irruptions of
the Real, in paradoxical coincidences of opposites and in appearances
of the maternal Thing, das Ding. Glaspell's story, from the 1 920s and
based on a celebrated Iowa murder case at the turn of the century
(which Glaspell covered as a reporter), was given a postfeminist resur­
rection in the 1 9 80s. It was brought into the canon in part because it
seems to offer a victory of female rebellion. It has been taken as a story
of two women under-or "married to"-patriarchal law who rebel
successfully against it. Ostensibly, they win out over obtuse patriarchal
authority by concealing what, by detective work relying on women's
" trifles," they understand as a wife's j ustifiable murder of an abusive
husband. But a late Lacanian reading of the story suggests that, ulti­
mately, their victory is only Pyrrhic. When the women decide to con­
ceal from the law what they discover, they end up, paradoxically,
supporting the very social and psychoanalytic structures that stabilize
patriarchy itself. But what are women to do? Within trad itional patri­
archy, they-like the na rrator in Invisible Man-are given only a forced
choice: they may choose Lacan's le pere . . . ou pire, the father . . . or
worse, either the oedipal father ( and comply with the Symbolic Law) or
 Introduction 7

the primordial father of bloody violence, that is, the murdered husband
as the Father himself, hidden behind the Law and supporting it. It is
not much of a choice . If nothing else, the story-and a late Lacanian
reading of it-suggests just how difficult it is for women to find any lib­
erating choices at all.
In chapter 6, from within that late paradigm, I read against the
grain of the standard oedipal story as it is represented in Fitzgerald's
"Winter Dreams. " A reading within that paradigm, like the analysis of
" A Jury of Her Peers, " uncovers an unexpected aspect of Fitzgerald's
story. Widely anthologized and admired, the story is sometimes consid­
ered important largely for its anticipation of themes found in The Great
Gatsby, arguably one of the greatest of American novels. But read from
a late Lacanian perspective, the story turns out to be much more than a
mere appendage to Gatsby. In its evocative language and psychoana­
lytic economy of characters (fathers, mothers, children ), it not only
reveals how the standard oedipal plot should go, but it also reveals the
hidden underside of that plot, its relations to roles of the other, of
women in their guises of lover and mother. Yes, the story reveals how a
boy encounters his ego-ideal in a figure of the oedipal father, and, yes,
the story reveals how the standard plot of boy-meets-girl displays
desire's function in the role of the ( beautiful) woman as the Symbolic
Phallus, but, no, the story does not simply culminate in a comic ending
in which boy-gets-girl and lives happily ever after. Why not ? A late
Lacanian reading shows that two fathers may be embodied in one
person and thereby represent not only the oedipal father of the ego­
ideal but also the father as punitive superego as well. The latter trumps
the former and leaves boy-without-girl-at least that one girl too
closely tied to narcissistic fantasy. Such a reading, asking us also to
uncover the women's stories in "Winter Dreams, " adds to Dexter
Green's oedipal story that of Judy Jones as well and adds to the story
of the two fathers, both embodied in Mr. Mortimer Jones, the story,
however truncated, of Dexter's mother, a mother both Symbolic (in her
support of his oedipal structuration) and Real (as an image of the
maternal Thing's incestuous allure standing behind drive, jouissance,
objet a, and narcissistic regression) . Finally, such a reading of
Fitzgerald's story suggests the complexity of the subject's story at all its
levels, across each of the registers, Imaginary, Symbolic, and Real.
In chapter 7, I again interpret from within a late Lacanian para­
digm, but here I do so by adding a current understanding that our post­
modern age has brought us into a new epoch, one no longer dominated
by an oedipal father within patriarchy so much as, in terms of Jacques­
Alain Miller, semblants of the father, found almost anywhere, including,
8 INTRODUCTION

in terms of Juliet MacCannell, "the regime of the brother," where

Imaginary brother-brother dyads displace the authority of the father.
Whatever the terms, many now assume that, culturally, we are
beyond-or outside-Oedipus. Symbolic authority, once placed in the
father, seems now placed elsewhere, in semblants or Imaginary substi­
tutes, and " father" necessarily becomes something else. In an analysis
of Josephine Hart's Damage, a novel also adapted as a film of the same
name featuring Jeremy Irons and Juliet Binoche, I again traverse the
late Lacanian terrain not only of guises of the mother and the two
fathers, but also of what Lacan calls " the two deaths," all to suggest
that this novel constructs a new form of literary tragedy-one we may
call " Lacanian"-that is constituted within an ethics, yes, but an ethics
emanating from drive, on the side of narcissism, an ethics, that is, of
jouissance. In Damage, there is a father who, as Z i7.ek suggests of the
bourgeois family nowadays, embodies both a father of ego-ideal-the
Symbolic " dead " Father-and one representing the cruel superego-the
primordial father of Freud's band of brothers, the father killed because
he arrogates enjoyment, jouissance, to himself. A respected official high
in British government, loved by family and friends, this double father,
as ego-ideal, model of the Symbolic Father, falls in love with his son's
fiancee and immediately uncovers in himself that other, primordial,
father, a father from the Real whose unconscionable sexual predation
causes the son's death. It is not the Freudian son killing the father, b ut
the Real father, as it were, " killing" the son. For her part, the son's
fiancee herself plays dual roles both as desire's traditional love object,
one substituted for the subject's original object (the mother), and as
femme fatale, at once a symptom of the man and that which, as para­
doxical substitute for the father, gives him his consistency as a subject.
In the interaction of the two illicit lovers, we uncover the power of
drive-sexual drive-cum-death drive-and an ethics that motivates the
novel's tragic denouement, one in which the father lives on, discredited,
by choice socially isolated, and content to finish his life as one of the
living dead, all in the service of his narcissistic enjoyment. It is not
pretty. It is not Oedipus or Hamlet. But it is tragedy of a late Lacanian
sort we may expect to find more frequently now that we have entered a
new postoedipal universe .
In Beyond Lacan, there is only chapter 8 , " Beyond Lacan: Slavoj
Z iZek, Things to Die for, and a Philosophy of Paradox. " Coming to this
chapter, readers will perhaps have noted that as I proceed from reading
to reading-using, at the start, a middle theory of a conflation of early
and late Lacan and, then, a more distinctly late Lacanian theory-it is
plain that Z i7.ek increasingly becomes a presence determining argument
 Introduction 9

and vocabulary. By the time of my reading of Hart's Damage, " Lacan,"

early or middle or late, has virtually dropped out and in its place stands
either Z i7.ek's Lacan, or, more radically, simply Zi7.ek. In my text, this
displacement of Lacan by Z i.Zek is symptomatic of what I take to be a
significant paradigm shift: as Freud was displaced by Lacan, so now it
appears that Lacan is being displaced by Zi7.ek. Lacan was the beyond
of Freud. Z i7.ek may be the beyond of Lacan. This does not mean, how­
ever, that Lacanian theory disappears, any more than it meant that
Freudian theory disappeared with the ascendency of Lacan. It is simply
that Lacan gave us a different Freudian theory, and, now, Z i.Zek
appears to be giving us a different Freudo-Lacanian one. In Z i7.ek, who
has published more than twenty books in the last sixteen or so years,
what seems a minor trait in Lacan-the use of mantric but ambiguous
or paradoxical sayings-is in Z i7.ek elevated (sublated might be Zi7.ek's
word) to a philosophy, a philosophy of paradox. As much as in Lacan,
this philosophy is rooted in Hegel, the Hegelian dialectical procedure of
analysis-cum-discourse, and perhaps the oddest thing apparent about
Zi7.ek, early on, is his paradoxical Hegelian materialism. For Z iiek, the
dialectic and its mode of analysis (reflection, contradictions, positing,
negation, negation of negation, and the like) enable him to "discover"
everywhere in Lacan (and in virtually any other topic) instances of
paradox, contrariety, ambiguity. Everywhere are instances of dead­
locks, impasses, contradictions that must be overcome or resolved,
overcome, always, by paradox, by sublation, negation, negation of
negation, chiasmic reversals of properties, resulting in other paradoxes,
good paradoxes.
As there is an early Lacan and a late, so is there an early and late
(or at least current) Z iiek. But in the shift, late Z i7.ek (that is, Z i.Zek
lately) typically trades one form of paradox (the logical, the liar's, para­
dox) for another (the mystical, perhaps). His recent work is much
devoted to two sorts of discussion. Somewhat displacing early discus­
sion of subjects of pop culture ( film, especially, Hitchcock's films ), one
is of political and socioeconomic issues, issues that, for him, really are
always one and the same thing. The second is Christianity, a topic that
more and more displaces his pervasive treatments of German idealism.
In his discussions of Christianity, he typically now trades " paradox"
for "enigma" or " mystery, " the enigma of Crucifixion and man-God,
the mystery of the Trinity, thus trading paradoxes of one for paradoxes
of another sort. In a career marked by a persistent oppositional stance
(the sound of any Imaginary current or standard doxa being deflated is
the hiss of Z i.Zekian paradox), perhaps the oddest, most paradoxical
feature of late Z iiek is that his early, paradoxical, Hegelian materialism
10 INTRODUCTION

has given way to a self-described-equally paradoxical-stance as

"Paulinian materialist. " Gifted with perfect pitch for paradox, Ziiek is
extraordinarily interesting, and his work is rich in humor, topicality
(anyone for Iraq?), and insights, but it is not quite apparent yet whether
there is, or will be, a method, aside from ferreting out paradoxical pat­
terns, that will emerge from that work. If Z iiek is to transcend Lacan,
he must produce an imitable methodology to go along with his philoso­
phy. At some point, it is not enough to leave potential followers with
nothing more than analysis of deadlocks and impasses in the works,
theories, and ideologies of others . As several critics suggest, he needs a
positive program of his own .
 Part I

Toward Lacan
 CHAPTER 1

From Freud to Jacques Lacan

and the Textual Unconscious

[T]he unconscious is the condition for language [ . . . ] language is the

condition for the unconscious.
-Jacques Lacan, "Preface byJacques Lacan," xiii

Everything can now be a text.

-Fredric Jameson, Postmodernism, 77

F
rom Freud, that which takes us toward Jacques Lacan is an
embedded concept of 'textuality.' Necessary for analysis, textual­
icy, as an instance of a "vanishing mediator," may simply be
assumed or safely disappear in analytic praxis. Concurrent with
Lacanian psychoanalytic theory, textuality emerged as a pervasive ideo­
logical concept by the 1970s. Fredric Jameson defined it then as "a
methodological hypothesis whereby the objects of study of the human
sciences [ . . .] are considered to constitute so many texts that we deci­
pher and interpret, as distinguished from the older views of those
objects as realities or existents or substances that we in one way or
another attempt to know" ("Ideology of the Text" 18). As we trace a
path from Freud through such adjectival notions of the unconscious as
Jung's "collective," Walter Benjamin's "optical," and Jameson's own
"political," we realize that from the start any available unconscious is a
textual one. Lacan does not use the term textual unconscious. The
term, if not the concept itself, seems to have originated in the work of a
French critic-Jean Bellemin-Noel-indebted to Lacan. Bellemin-Noel
says he used a term-l'inconscient du texte "the unconscious of the
text"-as early as 1970, in a book to be titled Vers l'inconscient du
texte ("Towards the Unconscious of the Text"). He claims that others
such as Andre Green, Jeanne Bern, and Bernard Pingaud later used the
term in essays published between 1973 and 1976 (see 191n2). By 1979,
the year Vers l'inconscient du texte was published, American scholars

13
14 BEYOND LACAN

began to use the concept more or less emphatically. Since in his book
Bellemin-Noel does not use the precise phrase l'inconscient textuelle
"the textual unconscious" as such, it seems to have been Jerry Aline
Flieger who first used it. In 1981 ("Trial and Error"), reviewing
Bellemin-Noel's book, she converted l'inconscient du texte into the
noun phrase the textual unconscious. In 1983, Robert Con Davis
employed the concept of a 'textual unconscious' in "Lacan, Poe, and
Narrative Repression" (989). In 1984, although more interested in the
literary unconscious, Jonathan Culler not only used the noun phrase in
a significant way but also theorized it more fully than any before him.
After Flieger, Davis, and Culler, as well as Michael Riffaterre,
Shoshana Felman, Jameson, and others, the concept of the textual
unconscious essentially becomes an unacknowledged legislator, a van­
ishing mediator, a term taken from Fredric Jameson ("The Vanishing
Mediator") that Slavoj Ziiek disseminates to Lacanians in Tarrying
with the Negative. Textual unconscious is a concept intrinsic to the
intertextual activity of interpretation of the unconscious and of literary
texts, but once assumed (as in Freud) it may simply disappear and still
do its work. By the late 1980s, explicit invocations of textual uncon­
scious, while not rare, generally do in fact disappear, but the term still
shows up often enough to suggest its mediatory primacy. Indeed, from
psychoanalysis, it even invades psychology (see Steele); moreover, a
number of literary studies-besides my own Using Lacan, Reading
Fiction, including ones by Friedman, Downing, Rickard, and Tate-use
it and draw directly upon its genealogy in Flieger, Jameson, Culler,
Riffaterre, and others. Providing a thumbnail sketch of how the con­
cept grounded different theorists and ideologies, Friedman also suggests
how necessary but invisible is the concept:
Adapting Kristeva's formulations of the text-as-psyche, critics
such as Culler, Jameson, Shoshana Felman, and Michael
Riffaterre [. . .] suggest that a text has an unconscious accessible
to interpretation through a decoding of its linguistic traces and
effects. For Culler and Felman, this textual unconscious is located
in the interaction between reader and text, which they see as a
scene of transference in which the reader "repeats" the complexes
of the text. For Jameson and Riffaterre, the textual unconscious
resides in the text, subject to the decoding of the reader, who
occupies the authoritative position of the analyst. (164)
The very portability of the concept from one critical approach to
another, in short, suggests its essential role as a mediator that effec­
tively vanishes once analytic praxis begins.
 From Freud to jacques Lacan 15

What is revealed here is [ . . . ] a textual unconscious in which the critic

gets caught up.
-Jonathan Culler, "Textual Self-Consciousness
and the Textual Unconscious, " 376

Since my interest necessarily foregrounds literary criticism, not clin­

ical issues, Culler's essay provides a useful relay between the "literary"
and the "textual." In his discussion of how the literary unconscious
works, Culler invokes principles on which Julia Kristeva based her
highly influential concept of 'intertextuality.' Since semiotics posits a
subject of interpretation vis a vis an object of interpretation, it requires
some form of relay or interface, either codes or structures, operating
between the two. Kristeva started at the most fundamental ground of
structure in using Roman Jakobson's premise that language operates
along two axes, one of selection, one of combination (a premise under­
lying virtually all semiotic theory). Kristeva then argued that since any
text is language based, every text in some critical sense must exhibit an
intertextual relation to every other at least through the structural axes
they share. That is, they relate through the fundamental semiotic struc­
ture of language. The concept of intertextuality provides Culler that
interface between the literary and the textual unconscious because both
conceptualizations depend upon Jakobson's grid-the axes of selection
and combination-underlying language itself.
In a complex argument in which he takes a seemingly unpromising
tack, Culler slides from one "unconscious" to the other. Focusing not
on the textuality of the literary text as such, he addresses the transfer­
ence between the analyst and the analysand. Describing transference,
on the one hand, as a "drama of the analyst's involvement" with the
patient and, on the other, as "the enactment of the reality of the uncon­
scious" (371), he ends by reducing transference to a textual relation he
in fact calls a "textual unconscious." But he finds this unconscious in
the self-referentiality of the literary work, in how the text offers a way
in which to read it. Culler says,

I am arguing that what critics identify as moments of self-ref­

erence or self-consciousness in literary works may be the
marks of a situation of transference. The critic who claims to
stand outside the text and analyze it seems to fall into the text
and to play out a role in its dramas. What is revealed in this
16 BEYOND LACAN

transference is the mise-en-acte de l'inconscient, a textual

unconscious, a structure of repetition: and it is the uncanni­
ness of this repetition, continued in critical writing, that con­
firms the appropriateness of speaking of this as a literary
unconscious.
Nonetheless, Culler would argue that the importance of the fit between
literature and the unconscious lies not in what it says of "the literary,"
but in what it says of the unconscious. Indeed, the "literariness" of the
unconscious suggests it is the very nature of the textual itself that it
shares with literature. Ultimately, says Culler, "What is revealed here is
not the unconscious of the author but a textual unconscious in which
the critic gets caught up" (376).
Although Freud no more than Lacan ever used 'textual uncon­
scious,' clearly, the concept would have been understandable-and
probably acceptable-to both. In "The Agency of the Letter in the
Unconscious or Reason since Freud," Lacan essentially explains why
this is so. The entire thrust of the essay is to lay out both why "the
unconscious is structured like a language" and why the most appropri­
ate way to analyze is based on linguistics, neither language nor linguis­
tics taken literally but both taken metaphorically. Regarding Lacan's
metaphorical "like a language," Bruce Fink, in The Lacanian Subject,
has made a helpful suggestion. "Lacan did not assert that the uncon­
scious is structured in exactly the same way as English, say, or some
other ancient or modern language" (8). Rather, writes Fink, Lacan says
"that language, as it operates at the unconscious level, obeys a kind of
grammar, that is, a set of rules that governs the transformation and
slippage that goes on therein" (8-9). Further, Fink points out, we may
see this operation in how the unconscious "has a tendency to break
words down into their smallest units-phonemes and letters-and
recombine them as it sees fit" (9). It seems plain enough, then, that the
repressed notion in this conceptualization of the unconscious is the tex­
tual. It is the "text" of the unconscious of the analysand that, in analy­
sis, in the "talking cure,'' becomes available for "linguistic" study.
In "The Agency of the Letter,'' perhaps the most systematically rig­
orous defense of his linguistic approach Lacan ever offered his disciples
(see Mellard, "Inventing"), he also makes certain claims about Freud's
theory and practice that suggest why for Freud also the unconscious
might well have been called "textual." In the essay, Lacan claims that
whenever Freud spoke of the unconscious, he also, inevitably, spoke of
"language." "Thus, in 'The Interpretation of Dreams,' every page deals
with what I call the letter of the discourse, in its texture, its usage, its
 From Freud to jacques Lacan 17

immanence in the matter in question. For it is with this work that the
work of Freud begins to open the royal road to the unconscious." On
this road to the unconscious, dreams are "read" quite literally as a
rebus because of an "agency in the dream of that same literal (or
phonematic) structure in which the signifier is articulated and analysed
in discourse." Lacan takes the images of dreams as "signifiers" with
which the analyst is to "spell out the 'proverb' presented by the rebus
of the dream." Those signifiers are founded, Lacan argues, on the
"principle" of a linguistic structure giving the analyst "the 'significance
of the dream,' the Traumdeutung,'' the dream work (159). Thus, Lacan
insists that linguistics has become necessary for him because Freud had
already used a form of linguistic theory. "The unconscious,'' Lacan
suggests, "is neither primordial nor instinctual." Rather, "what it
knows about the elementary is no more than the elements of the signi­
fier" (170). In that premise, he claims, Freud was there ahead of him in
principle if not in expression. Consequently, given Lacan's premise, the
unconscious is "like" a "language,'' and the ground upon which it
operates is text or textuality. Indeed, Lacan recognized that, mutatis
mutandis, the figural grounds of our thought change. What is more, if
he had been a young psychoanalyst starting out in the 1970s instead of
the 1930s, he would not in effect have said, "The unconscious is struc­
tured like a language and we must interpret it through the agencies of
the letter." Rather, he would have said, simply, "The unconscious is a
textual unconscious and we must interpret it as we would interpret any
other text." By whatever name, ranging back to Freud's earliest enfigu­
rations, the unconscious has always been textual.

[Tropes] are especially useful for understanding the operations by

which the contents of experience which resist description in unam­
biguous prose representations can be prefiguratively grasped and pre­
pared for conscious apprehension.
-Hayden V. White, Metahistory, 34

Psychoanalysis is constituted through figures of speech-tropes,

that which Lacan might call "agencies of the letter." By way of a
metaphor and extensions of it through metonymic associations, Freud
brought about a revolution in the way we make meaning of our psychic
Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
 2^8 Pennsylvania Johannes Martin John Daniel Osterlin
John Daniel Muller George Becker Johannes Hasselvvanger Hans
Jacob Berkel Coenraad Becker Velten Becker Valentin Ertel Johan
Peter Meyer Joseph Walti George David Sockel Johannes Reichard
Martin Haag Conraad Graaff Johannes Klein Matthias Hertzell
Johannes Koch Frans Wellick Jacob Goode Johan Michael Roth Johan
Henrich Miller German Pioneers Andreas Engelhard Friedrich
Ehrenfeichter Jacob Lantz Johannes Bach Johan Godfried Straube
Jacob Ruff Peter Oberdice Jacob Hess Henry Streckies Conrad
Hakensmith Johan Nicolas Scherer Michell Baker Fredrik Shafer
Jacob Unbehendt Vallentin Unbehendt Conrad Unbehendt Hans
Martin Bart Johannes Weibel Mathias Hooch Nicolaes Leyenberger
Jacob Oellen 6i [men] Sworn that the above is a compleat and true
list of Male Palatines imported in the Snow Bettsie, of the Age of i6
Years and upwards, to the best of my knowledge. August 27*^
i739Richard Budden. [Endorsed :] List of Palatines imported in the
Snow Betsy, Richard Budden, qualifyd August 27^’’ 1739. [Lists 69—
70 B] Palatines imported in the Ship Samuel and Snow Betsie, Hugh
Percy and Rich'* Buden, Com'"® from Rotterdam and Deal. Qualified
August 27th, 1739. SHIP SAMUEL Jan Daniel Bouton Joannes ( X )
Fisher Joannes ( X ) Brownmiller Michgel Schmohl Caspar Meth
Johan Conrath Hartung Johannes Schneyder Johan Georg Barttman
Johan Michel Bartmann Johan Mathias (-[-) Bartman
 Samuel and Snow Betsey IJ39 259 Johannes Meth Henrich
Thorwart Michel Adam Johann Adam Schaffer John Geo. (XX) Hyer
Johann Lorentz Hansel Peter ( X ) Rule Peder Meelhus George (X)
Freeman Mathias ( X ) Clous Henrich (X) Snertzel Johannes
Ermentraudt Johan Phillip Ermentraudt Johan Friedrich Ermentraudt
Peter (-| — [-) Stein Conrad (-| — [-) Housman Frederick (X)
Gerhard William ( X ) Gerhard Johan Peder Dressier Peter (X) Grub
Johann Daniel Crub Johannes Bischof Hans Adam Diehl Johann
Daniehl Diehl Carel Adam George ( X ) Snyder Jacob Lamerck ^
Johann Adam Schneider Daniel (IK) Kockhart Peter ( X ) Moor
Lodowich (XX) Gybb Jacob Fucks Sebastian (DB) Doll Christian
Seyferth Better Schwenck Hartman (X) Syank Abraham ( X )
Hendrick Nicholas (-j-) Hendrick Philips Lentz Johann Georg Nickel
Johann Christofel Zimmerman John Hendrick (-f-) Gerhard John
David (X) Laudenback Johannes Beyer Paul ( X ) Michael Michael (X)
Haan Johannes Hahn Sebastian Giickert Michel Simon Johan Adam (
X ) Klein Simon Geres Better Schbffer Adam Becker Michael (X)
Miller Michael ( X ) Bour Christian Schopfer, Sr. Christian Schopfer, Jr.
Lawrence (XX) Minich Philipp Jacob Schell Johan Henrich Freys
Johan Peter Priem Johan Philibs Servas Johan Peter Stuber Abraham
Faust Jacob Reiss Philib Hirsch Johann Jbrg Schaus Jacob Wolf Peter
Gerhard Abraham Schre3'ner Johan Christophel Ruth Michell Miller
Johann Adam Miller Joen Fridrich Gabel Johan Philib Gabel Christian
Schug Johann Jacob Kockert Michael (M) Moumbaur John Nicholas
(M) Maumbour Peter Scholl Otto Riedy Johann Jacob Riedy
 26o Pennsylvania German Pioneers Johann Peder Rietig
Simon Drom Peter (X) Nickom Frederick (X) Nickom Michael ( X )
Helfensyng Daniel Burger Paul Samsel John Philip ( X ) Klein Johann
Adam Gottwals Nicholas (N) Nysyng Peter ( X ) Moumbar Caspar ( X
) Doll Abram ( X ) Salmond Johan Michael ( X ) Baach Christopher (
X ) Doll Philip (-)-) Doll Joseph (O) Berie Johann Bernhardt Bederri
SNOW BETSIE Nicklaus Leinberger Hans Jacob Geiger Daniel Dalwig
Jahns Keiner [ ?] Bastian ( X ) Unberhent Melcher ( X ) Keneir Johan
Georg Scherr[er] Martin Adam Johann Peter Holifman Christian
Rodenbach Casper Herde Martin Barth Peter ( X ) Blaser H ans
Michel Ernst Hans Jacob Maron Gerbard Henrich Schiitz Georg
Wilhelm Hocker Frederick (X) Sticky Johannes ( X ) Martin Johann
Daniel Oesterlen Johann Daniel Muller George ( X ) Becher Joanes (
+ + ) Haselwanger Jacob ( + + ) Pertzell Conradt Becker Velten
Becker Wallendin Ertel John Peter (X) Melcher Andreas (X) Waldi
Geo. David (X) Scholl Johannes Reichardt Martin (-|-) Hock Conradt
Graff Jonas ( X ) Klein Mathias (-(-) Hartsel Johannes Koch Erans (X)
Velhell Jacob (X) Good Johann Michael Roth John Henry (| |) Miller
Andreas Engellhard Jacob ( + ) Luntz Friederich Ehrnfeichter
Johannes Bock Johann Gottfried Straube Jacob Ruff Piere Aubertien
Hendrick Strickert Conrad (-|-) Hacketsmitt Johan Nickel Scherer
Michael Becker Fred. (X) Shaffer Jacob (X) Unbehen Valentine (-]-)
Unbehen Conrad (X) Unbehen Hans Martin (X) Baar Johannes
Weibell Mathias ( X ) Hook Nicholas (O) Lyberg Jacob Oellen
 Samuel and Snow Betsey IJSQ 261 [Lists 69—70 C] At the
Court House of Philadelphia, August 27^*^ 1739Present The
Honourable George Thomas, Esq*", Lieutenant Governour, Samuel
Hassel, Thomas Griffitts, Esq^®. The Palatines whose Names are
underwritten, imported in the Ship Samuel and Snow Betsie, Hugh
Percy and Richard Buden, Commanders, from Rotterdam, but last
from Deal in England, did this Day take Government, viz.. and
Subscribe the Oaths to the Frederik (X) Gerhart SHIP SAMUEL
William Gerhart Jan Daniel Bouton Johan Peder Dressier Johannes (
X ) Fischer Peter ( X ) Grube Johannes (-{-) Brounmiller Johann
Daniel Crub Michael Schmohl Johannes Bischoff Casper Meth Hans
Adam Diehl Johan Conrath Hartung Johann Daniehl Diehl Johannes
Schneyder Carel Adam Johan Georg Bartman George ( X )
Schneyder Johann Michel Bartman Jacob Lamerck Johann Matteas
Bartman Johann Adam Schneider Johannes Meth Daniell ( X )
Kuckhart Henrich Thorwart Peter ( X ) Moor Michel Aadam Ludewig (
X ) Geibe Johann Adam SchofEer Jacob Fucks Johan Georg (XX)
Heyer Sebastian (DB) Doll Johann Lorentz Hansel Christian Seyfert *
Peter ( X ) Ruhl Better Schwenck Peder Meelhus Hartman ( X )
Schwenck Gorge (X) Freyman Abraham (X) Heiterich Matteas ( X )
Clauser John Nicklas (X) Heitrich Henry ( X ) Schnertzel Philips Lentz
Johannes Ermentraudt Johann Georg Nickel Johan Phillip
Ermentraudt Johann Christoffel Zimmerman Johan Friedrich
Ermentraudt Johann Henrich ( X ) Erhart Peter (H) Hein Davit ( X )
Lautenbagh Conrad (H) Housman Johannes Beyer *A Reformed
school-teacher and preacher at Great Swamp, Lehigh County.
 Pennsylvania German Pioneers Paulus (X) Michael Michael (
X ) Hahn Johanes Hahn Sebastian Guckert Michel Simon Johan
Adam ( X ) Klein Simon Geeres Petter Schbffer Adam Becker Michael
(O) Miller Michael ( X ) Bauer Christian Schopfer, Sr. Christian
Schopfer, Jr. Lorentz ( X ) Mopich Philips Jacob Schell Johan Henrich
Freys Johan Peter Friem Johan Philibs Servas Johan Peter Stuber
Abraham Faust Jacob Reiss Philib Hirsch Johan Jorg Schaus J. Jacob
Wolf Peter Gerhard Abraham Schreiner Johann Christoffel Ruth
Johan George ( ) Foust, sick Meichal Miller Johann Adam Muller
Jonhan Fridrich Gabel Johan Pfilib Gabel Christian Schuy Johann
Jacob Kockert Michael (M) Mombauer Johan Nicklas (M) Mombauer
Peter Scholl Otto Riedy Johann Jacob Riedi Johanes Peter Riedig
Simon Drom Peter (X) Nickum Friederich (X) Nickum Nicklas
Helffenstein Daniel Burger Paul Samsel Johan Philip ( X ) Klein Johan
Adam Gottvvals Nicklas (X) Kneeser Peter (M) Mombouer Casper ( X
) Doll Abraham ( X ) Salomon John Nicjlus (X) Bogh Christoffel (X)
Doll Philip (X) Doll Joseph Purey Johann Bern Bederri SNOW BETSIE
Nickellaus Lenberger Hans Jacob Geiger Daniel Dalwig Jahns Keyner
Sebastian (X) Unbehend Melichior ( X ) Kiiner Johan Georg Scherer *
Martin Adam Johann Peter Hoffman Christian Rodenbach Casper
Herde Marthin Barth Peter (B) Blasser Hans Michel Ernst Hans Jacob
(H) Maron Gerhard Henrich Schiitz Georg Wilhelm Hocker Friederich
(X) Seitz Johanes (XX) Martin * A blank space enclosed in
parentheses ( ) denotes that the man was absent and that the clerk
of court signed the name for him.
 263 Robert and Alice I'JJQ Johann Daniel Osterlen Andreas
Engellhard Johann Daniel Muller Friderich Ehrenfeiichter George ( X )
Becker Jacob (X) Lantz Johanes (-| — [-) Hasselwonger Johannes
Bock H. Jacob (X) Bergel Johann Gottfried Straube Conradt Becker
Jacob Ruth Velten Becker Pierre Aubertien Vallendin Ertel Hendrich (
+ ) Strickert Johan Peter (X) Meyer Conrath ( X ) Hackenshmit
Andereas (X) Waite Johann Nickel Scherer George Davit Nacke
Michael Becker Johannes Reichardt George Friederich (X) Schaffer
Martin (X) Hock Jacob (X) Unbehand Conradt Graflf Vallentin (X)
Unbehand Jonas Klein Conrath (X) Unbehand Matteas (X) Hertzel
Hans Martin (X) Barr Johannes Koch Johannes Weibell Frantz (X)
Welchel Mattias ( X ) Hook Jacob (X) Good Nicklas (O) Leyberger
Johann Michael Roth John Henrich (||) Miller Jacob Oellen [List 71 A]
A List of Passengers on board the Robert & Alice, belonging to
Dublin, from Rotterdam to Philadelphia, viz. [Qualified September 3,
i I739-] MENS NAMES MENS NAMES Christian Hersin Hannis
Hooffman Hans Schans Christopher Bolinger Hans Jacob Snyder
Hannis Steiner Peter Risser Jacob Steiner Peter Eversool Hannis
Bouman Joost Eversool Casper Scheffer Michel Haan Hans Miller
Nicolas Elenberger Samuel Brandt Frans Leyenberger Joost Brandt
Joost Steel Peter Biever Carel Shalle David Scheffer » Hendrik
Steinour Jacob Stambach Jacob Rieph Jacob Smith Martin Hooffman
David Bidder
 264 Pennsylvania German Pioneers MENS NAMES Nicholas
Reitenhower Hans Mar” Bidder David Scheffer Jacob Sirgier Johannis
Hawecker Abram Piethel Michel Theobald Hannis Schans Christophel
Ovel Jurich Honing Nicholas Honing Johannis Watering Hannis Bick
Peter Hooffman Daniel Hooffman Peter Fohl Abram Welshans Samuel
Burrier Jacob Burrier Phillip Burrier Hendrik Pamberger, Sen” Hendrik
Pamberger, Jun” Bernard Youtzee Christiaen Herart Benedict Lesser
Christiaen Elenberger MENS NAMES Hans Peter Trett Christiaen Trett
Matheus Oubolt Joseph Oubolt Albert Vanderlint Phillip Marstloff
Hans Nichel Visser Fredrik Adam Wilhelm Hans Simon Leenhuys
Christiaen Bleym Lowrens Proau Lowrens Piever Bastian Kleyn Hans
Adam Keere Jacob Keere Joseph Welshans Hannis Miller Leobald
Greber Hans Leobald Karlee Johan Peter Gamberlen Conrade Beser
Hans Michall Lesser Nicholas Lesser Johannes Coubersohl 78 [men]
218 [Total] Sworn that the above is a true and compleat list of Male
Palatines imported in the Ship Robert and Allice of Dublin, of the Age
of 1 6 Years and upwards, to the best of my knowledge. Philadelphia
Septem” 3”'^ 1739Walt. Goodman. [List 72 A] A List of Passengers
Names of 16 Years of Age & Upwards, on board the Friendship, W""
Vitery, Commd”, from Rotterdam. [Qualified September 3, 1739.]
NAMES AGES NAMES AGES Hans Myer 40 Johan Philip Illig 36 Johan
Riedy Myer 16 Jurig Jacob Borkhart 36 Baltser Hissing 26 Malchi
Grous 30
 Loyal Judith 1 739 265 NAMES AGES NAMES AGES Mich'
Platner, sick 50 Hans Peter Miller 32 Jurig Arnet Leghtner 23 Peter
Zimmerman 35 Nickel Swart 20 Jacob Farnee 18 Andreas Haak 20
Fred'' Ulerich 35 Dan' Reinhard 23 Francis Prossman 45 Hans Mich'
Laub 22 Fight Miller 25 Jacob Frank 25 Christ" Ergot 25 Jacob
Keiport 20 Henrick Hoyle 40 Jurig Mich' Paynter 55 Conrade Swartz
32 Peter Attick 33 Lenhard Flowers 29 Conrade Engel 24 Barnh*'
Fredel 25 Justin Hofman 25 Hans Jurig Hinkell 32 Steph" Lash 36
Johan Ludw'' Hebner 22 Johannes Woolfert 44 Henrick Blestre, sick ,
, Conrade Floweres 49 Philip Christian Vernor 47 Mich' Floweres 25
Hans Vernor 20 Martin Bennegar 35 W™ Vernor 17 Anth^ Finshbach
35 Jurig Tho® Hoyle . . Philip Stompach 19 Jurig Tho® Hoyle, Jun"”
35 Jacob Loch 35 Lenh'' Herbott 20 Johanis Loch 16 Johan Henrich
Rump 21 Jurig Mich' Wolf 44 Johan Figt Benner 22 Conrade Wolf 20
Martin Yoak 31 Johan Nickel 25 Johan Adam Housholter 20 Johan
Marte Leid 45 Nichol Mourer 23 Gotfrey Christian 36 Conrade
Philipien 58 Sworn that the within is a true and compleat List of Male
Palatines, imported in the Ship Friendship, of the Age of i6 Years and
upwards, to the best of my knowledge. William Vettery. Philadelphia,
Septem’’ 3’'*^, 1739. [List 73 A] A List of y^ Pallantines Names In
y® Loyall Judith, Edw^ Paynter, Master. [Qualified September 3,
1739.] Bartholome Jesran Jan Jerick Ransier Jerick Mickell Jesran
Janis Nickell Bullmer Henrick Kifer Adam Bullmer Godfriek Mang
Peter Locke
 266 Pennsylvania German Pioneers Phillip Snider Carle
Heyser Assmes France Johan Nickell Klaa Bastian Pluer William Pluer
France Pluer Peter Marker Jahn Nickell Weychell Hans Adam Phiets
Hans Adam Heuerley Johan Jerick Shope Cristophel Shope Johan
Nickell Shield Johanis Beueriles Johan Nickell Shield Johan Jurick
Dryer Peter Wolff Johan Nickell Dull David Fordney Joost Lizer Jacob
Hough Petter Hough Casper Leydicker Vallantine Shey Petter Rehm
Hans Jurig Burghart Mathyas Zeberly Nicholas Schmall Johan Adam
Schmall Henrick Adam Klyn Jan Nichol Chateau Christian Rohrbacher
Johan Henrick Godee Jacob Rohrbacher Johan Carle Hey Barnet
Waerth Johan Adam Rehmer Mathias Rehmer Nicholl Rehmer Petter
Bakker Ludwick Tanyn Hans Adam Tanyn Phillip Tanyn Christian
Heither Henrick Baugh Phillip Hasselberger Johan Jacob Thanie Hans
Nichall Kley Jacob Keuning Johannis Ruperder Sabastian Jacobie
Henrick Wolfrom Hans Adam Wolfrom Philip Burghart Petter Bower
Petter Bougher Batholmye Bougher Jacob Stuhl Card Shoul Adam
Shitterhelm Carle Keresh Jan Nikel Kleser Jurg Loub Tobias Webber
Ludwick Mous Hans Nichell Gouw Stophell Smith David Weyser
Phillip Risser Nicholas Rodeberger Abraham Stout John Jurig Stout
Mathias Telton Henrick Handwerke Nicholas Handwerke Johanis
Tilbouer Jurig William Thoor Martin Sinefrin Hans Jacob Madery 88
[men]
 Robert and Alice IJSQ 267 Sworn that the above is a true
and compleat list of Male Palatines, imported in the Ship Loyal
Judith, of the Age of 16 Years and upwards, to the best of my
knowledge. Philadelphia, Septem’’ 3*''^ 1739Edw'^ Paynter. [Lists
71—73 B] Palatines imported in the ship Robert & Alice, Cap*
Goodman, in the ship Friendship, Cap* Vettrey, and in the Loyal
Judith, Cap* Paynter. Qual. 3 Sept. 1739.* SHIP ROBERT AND
ALLICE Christian Hirschi H ans (H) Schans Hans Jacob (-)-) Snyder
Peter Riisser Petter Ebersohl Jost Ebersohl Michal Hahn Frantz
Leyenberger Jost Diehl Carl Schallin Henrich Steiner Hans Jacob (X)
Reif Johann Martin Hoffmann Johannes Hoffmann Johan Peter
Hoffmann Christoph Bollinger Johannes Steiner Jacob Steiner
Johannes Bauman Casper (CS) Shever Hans Muller Samuel (B) Brant
Jost (B) Brant Peter Biiber Daviet Schaffer Jacob (X) Stanback Jacob
(-f-) Smith David (H) Miller * Endorsernent used as heading. Hans
Michel Neumauer Johan Mardin Bohler David ( X ) Schiver Jacob ( X
) Zerehart Johannes (HH) Haveker Abraham Biichtel Mattis Obolt
Joseph (-[-) Kubhold Hanes ( + -r) Schans Chris. (H) Stovell Jerg
Honi[g] Johannes Votrin Johanes Biehn Michel ( X ) Shaaff [ ?]
Daniel Hoffman Johan Peter Volck Abraham (W) Welchants Sam^ (J)
Helburger Jacob ( X ) Burgcher Philip (X) Burgcher Hendrick Sen'' (X)
Bambergher, Hendrick Jun'' (X) Bambergher, Bernard (H) Yonser
Chris. (CE) Herherard Benedick (O) Lesseir Christian Ellenberger
Hans Peter (J) Treit Christian (H) Treit
 268 Pennsylvania Theobald (-)-) Cl ewer Albert von der Lind
Fullibs Martzlof Nicholas (XX) Fisher Adam (O) Wilhelm Simon (M)
Mendingham Christian (P) Klein Lorentz Brua Lawrence ( X ) Bewer
Bastian Klein Hans Adam Geri Jacob (X) Gerrhy Joseph Welschhans
Johanes Miller Hans Michael (T) Teoomet Theobald (D) Camore
Johann Peter Genberlin Bendde'ck Besser Hans Michel Diebolt
Nicholas (N) Leiser Hans Michael ( X ) Leiser Johannes Ebersohl
SHIP FRIENDSHIP Johannes Meyer Egidi Meyer Hans Asher (EH)
Edans Johann Phillipp Illig Georg Jacob Burckhart Michal ( X ) Graus
Michael Blatner Jerg Ernst Biihler Nicholas (X) Schwarz Andres Hock
Daniel ( X ) Reinhart Johan Michael Laub Johann Jacob Franck Jacob
Kiibortz Jerich Mich. (X) Paynter Hans Petter Adich Johann Conrad
Engel German Pioneers Justinus Hoffman Steffan Lasch Johanes
Wolfert Conrad ( + ) Florans Martin (B) Pinegar Anth® Flincbouch
Fillibs Stambach Jacob Loch Johanes (-}-) Louch Geo. Mich. ( X )
Woolf John Conrad ( + ) Woolf Johannes Nicol Martin (X) Leid
Gottfried Christian Hans Petter Muller Better Zimerman Jacob Farni
Frihrich Ullrich Frantz Brosman Michael (X) Frolus Veit Miller Chris.
(T) Ergot Henrich Heyl Conrath Schwartz Leonard (O) Florer Bernd
Fridtel Hendrich (X) Vaughner [?] Lodwich ( X ) Hevener Hend. ( X )
Bleistire Philipp Christoph Werner Johannes Werner Wilhelm Werner
Georg Thomas Heyl Hans Thos. (X) Hyer Leonhardt Herboldt Johann
Henrich Rump John (H) Fybaylor Martin (O) Joac John Philip (-(-)
Herberger Hans Adam ([) Hausholder Johan Nicolaus Mauer
 Loyal Judith IJJQ 269 LOYAL JUDITH Johon (X) Joup
Bartholme Jeserang Gorg Michal Jeserang Henrich KifEer Gothfrid
Mang Johann Gorg Ramsyer Johan Nickel Ballman Joh. Adam
Bollman John Peter (O) Lough Johann Philippus Schneider Carolo (O)
Heiser Erasmus (HAF) France Hanes (X) France Hans Nich. (NK)
Cliehn Bastian Albert W” (A) Albert Johan Frantz Alberd Peter (M)
Martger Hans Adam (H) Peits H ans Adamm Haledii Johan Christ.
Fritz [?] Nicholas (X) Shield Johan ( X ) Bevert John Nich (-]-) Shield
Geo. (H) Thanner Johan Peter Wolf Johan Nickal Doll David (DF)
Fortney Jost Liesser David (H) Hooug Johann Petter Hauch Casper (-
f-) Letecker Valentine (O) Shave Peter Rem John (X) Burchar Martin
Sebelie Nicholas (X) Small John Adam ( X ) Small Hend. Adam ( X )
Klein Johann Nicklaus (O) Schatto Christian Rohrbach Johan Henrich
Kohde Jacob (-j-) Rorbach Johan Carl Fley Bern Warth Adam (X)
Reimor Mathew ( X ) Reimer Nicholas (-]-) Reimer Petter Becker
Jacob Konig Lodowich (-{-) Tanneugh Johan Adam Tanny Philip (-)-)
Denigh Christian Hutter Hend rich (B) Bough Pillip Hasselberger
Johann Jacob Danny Johann Nickel Cleh Johannes Rupperter Sebast.
Jacoby Henrich Wolfrum Hans Adam Wolfrum Joseph ( X ) Herner
Philip (X) Burchart Peter Bucher Bardoll Bucher John Cabug (O) Stall
Arnald (J-) Shouts Adam Schidenhelm Johan Karl Geres Johan Nickel
Glaser Jorg Laub Tobias Weber Conrad (O) Turicher [?] Christoffel
Schmidt Davidt Weiser Filipp Riss Nicholas (|) Rodeburger Abraham
Staudt Johan Jerg Staudt
 270 Pennsylvania German Pioneers Mathias (M) Felton Geo.
W*" (-]-) Thuer Henry (H) Handwerk Hans Jacob Madari Nieclaus
Hantvverck Martin Schaffner Hann Dehlbauer [Lists 71-73 C] At the
Court House of Philadelphia, September i739« Present The
Honourable George Thomas, Esqb Lieutenant Governour, Sam’
Hasell, Andrew Hamilton, Tho® Griffitts, William Allen, The Palatines
whose Names are underwritten, imported in the Ships Robert and
Allice, Walter Goodman, Com*', The Friendship, W“ Vitrey, Com’’ &
The Loyal Judith, Edward Paynter, ConV, from Rotterdam, but last
from Deal in England, did this Day take and Subscribe the Oaths to
the Government, viz.. [ship ROBERT AND ALICe] Christian Hirschi
Hans (H) Schantz Hans Jacob (X) Shneider Peter Riisser Pedter
Ebersohl Jost Ebersohl Michal Hahn Niclaus Ellenberger Frantz Le5?
enberger Jost Diehl Carl Schallin Hen rich Steiner Hans Jacob (O)
Reiff Johann Martinn Hoffman Johannes Hoffmann Johann Peter
Hoffman Christoph Bollinger Johannes Steiner Jacob Steiner
Johannes Baumann Caspar (CS) Shaffer Hans Muller Samuel (B)
Brand Jost (B) Brand Peter Biiber Daviet Schaffer Jacob (X)
Stambogh Jacob (-f-) Shmit Davit (O) Bieler Hans Michel Neumauer
Johann Mardin Bohler Davit ( X ) Shaffer Jacob (X) Zurcher Johannes
(HH) Habacker Abraham Bachtel Mattis Obolt Joseph (T) Uphold
Hans (J — b) Shantz Christoff el (H) Obel Gerg Honi[g] Nicklas (N)
Honig Johannes Votrin Johannes Biehn Daniel Hoffmann
 271 Robert and John Peter Vock Abraham (W) Welchhans
Samuel (O) Burgher Jacob (X) Burgher Philip (X) Burger Henry (X)
Bamberger Henry (X) Bamberger, Junior Berhart (B) Jauzy Christian
(CE) Errhart Benedict (O) Lisser Christian Ellenberger Hans Peter (P)
Tritt Christian (H) Thritt Leobold (-{-) Graber Albert Von der Lind
Fillibs Martzhaf Nicklas (H) Fisher Adam (XX) Willhelm Simon (N)
Nenninger Christian (P) Pleem Lorentz Brua Lorentz (X) Beeber
Bastian Klein Hans Adam Geiri Jacob ( X ) Gerry Joseph Welschhans
Dewald (D) Carel Johanes Miller Hans Michel Diebolt Johann Peter
Genberlin Bendeck Bisser Hans Michael (X) Lisser Nicklaus Lisser
Johannes Ebersohl SHIP FRIENDSHIP , Johannes Meyer Egidi Meyer
Baltsatzor (B) Hissony Johann Phillip Illig Georg Jacob Burckhart
yd/ice lySQ Melchior (M) Kraus Michael Blatner Jerg Ernst Bahler
Nicklas (N) Shwartz Andres Hock Daniel (X) Reinhart Johan Michel
Laub Jacob Franck Jacob Kiibortz Georg Michael (X) Bender Jorg
Petter Adich Johann Conrad [Engel] Justinus Hoffman Steffan Bosch
Johannes Wolfert Conrad (X) Florans Martin (B) Beeniger Anthoni
Flinspach Pillibs Stambach Jacob Loch Johannes (X) Loch Georg
Michael (-|-) Wolff Johan Conrad ( + ) Wolff Johannes Nicol Martin (
X ) Leed Gottfried Christian Hans Petter Muller Better Zimerman
Jacob Farnii Frihrich Ullrich Frantz Brossman Michael ( X ) Floris Veit
Miller Christian ( X ) Ergott Henrich He5d Conrath Schwartz Leonhart
(O) Floor Bernd Fridtel Georg Henry (X) Henkel Ludewig (X) Hiibner
Henry ( X ) Pleestery
 272 Pennsylvania Philipp Christoph Werner Johannes
Werner Wilhellem Werner Georg Thomas Heyl Hans Thomas ( X )
Heyl Leonhardt Herboldt Johann Henrich Rump Johan Vit (O) Bahler
Martin (O) Jock Joehan Conrad (P) Philipom Hans Adam ( X )
Householder Johan Nicolaus Mauer THE LOYAL JUDITH John George
(S) Shup Bartholmi Jeserang Gorg Michel Jeserang Henrich Kiifer
Gothfrid Mang Johann Gorg Ramsyer Johan Nike Ballman Joh. Adam
Bollman Johan Peter (X) Lough Johann Philippus Schneider Carol ( X
) Heyser Errasmus (HAF) Frantz Johannes (X) Frantz Hans Nicklas
(N) Klein Bastian Albert William (A) Albert Johan Frantz Alberd Peter
(PM) Martter Niclas (X) Weigher Hans Adam (H) Teelze Hans Adam
Heidi Johan Christ Fritz [?] Niclas (X) Sheel Johanes ( X ) Bebertz
Johan Nicklas (T) Sheel Johan Jeorg (H) Threer Johan Peter Wolf
German Pioneers Johan Nickel Doll Davit (DF) Fortney Jost Liesser
Jacob (H) Hough Johan Petter Hauch Caspar (-[-) Leydacker
Vallentin (O) Shey Peter Rem Johan Georg (-[-) Burghart Martin
Sebelie Nicklas (X) Shmell John Adam (-j-) Shmell Henry Adam ( X )
Klein Johann Nicklaus Schatto [?] Christian Rohrbach Johan Henrich
Kohde Jacob (X) Roorbogh Johan Carl Hey Bern Warth Johan Adam
(T) Reemer Matteas ( X ) Reemer John Nicklas (X) Remer Petter
Becker Jacob Kbnig Ludwig (J-) Danney Johan Adam Danny Philip
(T) Danney Christian Hutter Henry (B) Bough Fillip Hasselberger
Johann Jacob Tany Johann Nickel Cleh Johannes Rupperter Sebast.
Jacoby Henrich Wolfrum Hans Adam Wolfrum Hans Peter ( X )
Bouger Philip ( X ) Burghart Peter Bucher Bardell Bucher John Jacob
(O) Staall
 273 Lydia Caral (-)-) Sholl Adam Schidenhelm Johan Card
Geres Johan Nickel Glaser Jorg Laub Tobias Weber Ludwig (O) Maus
Christolfel Schmidt Davidt Weiser Philipp Riss 1739 Nicklas (X)
Rodeburger Abraham Staudt Johan Jerg Staudt Mattias (-T) Felden
Henry (H) Handwerk Nieclaus Hantwerck Han Diehlbauer Georg
William (F) Fuhr Martin Schaffner Hans Jacob Madori [List 74 A] A
List of Men Imported on the Lydia, Ja® Allan, Com'". [Qualified
December ii, 1739.] AGES AGES Hans Jacob Houser 23 Hendrick
Croop 33 Rodick Frick 30 Caspar Frick 30 Johannes Frick 19 Johanes
Hakie 19 Andreas Crook 45 Hans Ulrick Weber 20 Hans Jacob Frie 30
Hans Barr 29 Ulrick Spinder 23 Hend*' Barr 20 Hendrick Seeds 28
Hendrick Bone 30 Hendrick Seeds, Jun’’ 28 Johannes Reytenaar 40
Hans Jacob Croop 30 Johannes Reytenaar, Jun’’ 16 Johannes Laypert
21 Conraadt Frum 36 Bartho’ Rodolphus Barr 20 Erasmus Hammand,
in Johannes Weber 20 Nancey 29 Hend*^ Hober 40 Philadelphia
December iP'' 1739 Sworn that the within is a true and compleat list
of the Male Palatines imported in the Ship Lydia, to the best of
knowledge, of the Ages of Sixteen Years and upwards. Ja® Allan.
[List 74 B] List of Palatines imported in the Lydia, Caph James Allan.
Qual. ii*** Dec’’, 1739.* Hans Jacob Houser Johannes (±) Freck
Rodick (-j-) Freck Andreas (X) Crook *■ Endorsement used as
heading.
 274 Pennsylvania Hans Jacob (X) Frie Ullrich Spinner
Hendrick ( ± ) Seeds Hendrick (X) Seeds, Jun'" Hans Jacob (-j-)
Croop Johannis Schleipffer Bart. Rudolp Bar Joannes (-|-) Weber
Hendrich (X) Hober Hend’"'^ (-j-) Croop German Pioneers Caspar
(X) Friek Joannes (S) Hakie Hans Ulrick (H) Weber Flans Bar Hen
rich Bar Hendrick ( X ) Bonie Joannes ( X ) Reytenar, Sen’" Joannes (
X ) Reytenar, Jun' Joh. Conradt Fromm [List 74 C] At the Court
House of Philadelphia, December 1739. Present: The Honourable
George Thomas, Esq’", Lieutenant Governour, Edward Roberts,
Esq*", Mayor. The Palatines whose Names are underwritten,
imported in the Ship Lydia, James Allen, €001*^, from London, did
this day take and subscribe the Oaths to the Government, viz.. Hans
Jacob Houser Ludwig (-F) Frick Johanes (±) Frick Andreas ( X ) Kruk
Hans Jacob ( + ) Free Ullrich Spinner Henry ( ± ) Seetz Henry ( X )
Seetz, Junior Hans Jacob (-]-) Grop Johanis Schleipfer Bart. Rudolf
Bar Johannes (-j — [-) Weber Henry (X) Hobert Henry ( X ) Grub
Caspar (-j-) Frick Johannes (H) Hagy Hans Ullerik (H) Weber Hans B
ar Heinrich Bar Henry ( ) Bony, sick Johannes (T) Reittenar, Senior
Johannes ( X ) Reittenar, Junior Joh. Conradt Fromm [List 75 A]
[Palatines & Switzers imported in the Ship Friendship, William
Vettery, Com*" from Rotterdam. Qualified Sept. 23, 1740.] Fredrick
Erash Hans Cristian Jacob Mires Andrew Eshenback Johanes Cop
Johanes Ryenard Jacob Kinsley Ruduf Kinsley Morris Millhiser
FIcrmanes Hersling
 275 Friendship 1740 Sebastian Shoape Ludiwick Wisinger
Tituas Hard wake Jacob Lebeck Mathew Shalk Henry Rorer Cloyce
Brobeck Henry Brobeck Cloyce Spainehower Jacob Spainehower
Hans Sailer Godlip Brickner Henrick Spainehower Hans George
Snider Hans Fry Fredrick Fry Hiney Wagner Martin Rauft Joanes
Seaes Lenard Werts Henry Rickembacker Jacob Peaterly Hans
Flubacker Jacob Flubacker Samuell Rickner Hiney Geager, Sen""
Hiney Geager, Jun"" Augustus Spain Jacob Teager Theoars Choape
Jacob Rickner Marting Keller Jacob Fow Johannes Fow Jacob Brooker
Hans Jacob Hansey Hans Hansey Marting Halfellfinger Hans
Schofner The foregoing is a true & compleat List of the Male
Palatines of the age of Sixteen years & upwards imported in the Ship
Friendship to the best of my knowledge. Will™ Vettery. Sworn Sept''
23^* 1740. Before Tho® Lawrence & William Allen, Esq'"®. [List 75
C] At the Court House of Philadelphia, SepP 23*^ 1740. Present:
Thomas Lawrence, William Allen, Esq''^ The Palatines & Switzers
whose names are underwritten, imported in the Ship Friendship,
William Vettery, Commander, from Rotterdam, but last from Cowes,
did this day take & subscribe the Oaths to the Government, viz..
Friedrich Gerahn Johan Christy Jacob Meier Andreas Eschenbach *
Johannes Kapp Johans Thomas Reinnhard ♦This is the well-known
Moravian missionary, Andrew Eschenbach, who was sent to
Pennsylvania to work among the German settlers. See L. T. Reichel,
Early History of the Church of the United Brethren, Nazareth, i888,
p. 8if.
 276 Pennsylvania Rudolf Kuenthlein Moritz ( X ) Milhaus
Harmanus Hesseling Bosche Schaub Ludwig ( X ) Wissinger Vitus
Hartweg Jacob Liibeck Martin ( X ) Scbaug Heinricb Rob[r]er Claus
Brodtbeck Hinericb ( X ) Brobeck Niglaus (X) Spanbauer Jacob
Spanbuer Jobanes (S) Seiller Gottlieb Briegner Heinricb Spebnbauer
Hans Jorg (-|-) Schneider German Pioneers Hans (X) Frey Martbin
(X) Raufft Johannes (S) Siiss Lbnert Witz Heinrich Rickenbacher
Hans Michel Bitterley Hans (HF) Flebacher Jacob (X) Flebacher Heinr.
Jeger Georg Augustus Bern Jacob Diigen Das bekenne ich * Durs
Tschopp Jacob (H) Hansi Mard. Hafnenfeger Heini Grieger [List 76 A]
A List of the mens Names & Ages p'' the Lydia, Cap‘ James Allan,
from Rotterdam, but last from Dover. [Qualified Sept. 27, 1740.]
AGES Jacob Knight 36 Johan Jacob Ways 18 Johan Geo. Chressman
24 Johan Geo. Loss 19 Johan Christian Garnur 19 Johan Hend*^
Ernberger 26 Simon Hersh 18 Johannes Hersh 16 Christian Weber 21
Johan Herman Leer 21 Christian Holumberger 48 Johan Peter
Holumberger 16 Johan Jacob Holumberger 17 Arnoldus Schnyder 22
Johan Jost Freesen 26 Johan Wilhelm Folberg 16 Nicholas Cowait 18
John Hendrick Peck 30 AGES Johan Wilhelm Peck 18 Johan Jacob
Peck 16 Johannes Arnold 25 Christian Dibos 23 Christian Mayer 33
Peter Hendrick Smock 25 Johan Mich’ Jacks 24 Christian Coos 20
Johan NichoF Peckoner 36 Johan NichoF Peckoner, Jun*" 15 Peter
Aldamos 40 Fredrick Aldamos 24 Philip Fritz 36 Johan Adam Fritz 18
Jacob Kayzer 40 Hendrick Kayzer 19 Michael Rychart 18 Lodwick
Hardastein 28 • I. e. “This I confess,” referring to the oath he
signed.
 Lydia 1740 277 AGES AGES Jost Lang 25 Johan Diedrick
Mart 30 Mathias Kafer 33 Johan Ties Mart 18 Philip Petre 22
Johannes Kieghler 42 Johan Peter Lewi 29 Johan Peter Shoeman 30
Philip Coleman 50 Arnoldus Shoeman 15 Abraham Greenawalt 40
Wilhelm Heldibrandt 20 Georigh Brosius 42 Johannes Couklebergh
45 Daniel Schnyder 19 Wilhelm Couklebergh 15 Daniel Lucas 24
Caspar Wert 32 Christoph' Kyst 23 Simon Timor 26 Christoph' Fooks
27 Peter Sharpnagh 38 Mathias Fooks 25 Urban Perkhoff 41
Valantine Braght 23 Nicholas Byer 45 Elias Godlif Stein 24 Peter
Lorentz 20 Wilhelm Lang 34 Peter Laam 25 Johannes Ties Perkhays(
IX Christopher Rysner 25 Hieart Schnyder 42 Jost Pleher 31 Johan
Adam Schnyder 18 Sworn that the above is a true List. Sept. 27***
1740, Before the Judges of the Supream Court. Ja® Allan. [List 76
B] [Palatines imported in the Ship Lydia, Capt. James Allan, from
Rotterdam. Qualified Sept. 27, 1740.] Hans Jacob Weiss Johann
Georg Crosmann Johann George Lohs Johan Henry Jorenberger
Simon (X) Hersh Christian ( X ) Weber Johan Herman (O) Leer
Christian ( X ) Holumberger Johann Jacob Hollenberger Arnold (X)
Shneider Johan Jost Fresen Johan Wilhelm (W) Folberg Nicholas (X)
Cowait Johan Hend’^ (X) Peck Johann Will Beck Johan Jacob ( X )
Peck Johannes (X) Arnold Johan Christ. Diewes Christian (XX)
Swegle Mayer Peter Hend'^ (X)Smock Johan Mich' (X) Jacks
Christian (||) Coos Johann Nickel Biickener Peter Althorqus Philip (X)
Fritz Johan Adam (X) Fritz Jacob (H) Kayzer Hendrick (H) Kayzer
Michael Reichhart Ludwig Hartenstein
 270 Pennsylvania German Pioneers Jost Lang Mathias (O)
Kafer Philip (XX) Petre Johan Peter (X) Loie Philips Culman Hans
Geo. (JB) Brosius Daniel (D) Schnyder Daniel (A) Lucas Christoph
Geist Christoph Fuchs Matthias Fuchs Valantine (XX) Braght Elias
Gottlieb Stein Wilhelm ( X ) Lang Johannes Ties ( X ) Perhawser
Johann Gerhart Schneider Johan Adam ( X ) Schnyder Johan
Diedrick (M) Mart Johan Ties (X) Mart Johannes Kichler Johan Peter
(J-) Shoeman Arnoldus (O) Shoeman Wilhelm (X) Hildebrandt
Johannes ( X ) Cowcklebergh Casper ( X ) Wert Johann Simon
Deimer Urban Kerckhoff Nicholas (T) Byer Peter ( X ) Lorentz Peter
(Peter) Laam Christoph Reuser Johan Jost Plohger [List 76 C] At the
Courthouse Philad^, SepT 27^** 1740. Present: Jeremia
Langhorne, Thomas Graeme l-p, Thomas Griffitts, J The Palatines
whose Names are underwritten, imported in the Ship Lydia, James
Allan, Commander, from Rotterdam, but last from Dover, did this day
take & subscribe the Oaths to the Government, viz., Hans Jacob
Weiss Johann Georg Crasmann Johann George Lohs Johan Henry (X)
Jorenberger Simon (X) Hirsh Christian (O) Weber Johan Herman (H)
Leer Christian ( X ) Flornberger Johan Jacob Hollenberger Arnold ( X
) Shneider Johan Jost Fresen Johan Willem (O) Folberg Nicklas (X)
Couwald Johann Henry (X) Back Johann Will. Beck Johan Jacob (-]-)
Back Johannes (T) Arnold Johan rich Diewos Christian Shwaiger (XX)
Meyer Peter Henry (O) Shook Johann Michael (T) Jacks Christian (il)
Coos Johan Nickel Boeckener Peter Altomus Johann Friederich
Althomus Philip (X) Fritz Johan Adam (X) Fritz Jacob (H) Keyser
Henry (H) Keyser Michael Reichhart Lutwig Hartenstein
 279 Samuel and Elizabeth IJ40 Jost Lang Matteas (C)
KafiEer Philip (XX) Petry Johan Peter (X) Loee Philips Culman Johann
Georg (JB) Brosius Daniel (DS) Shneider Daniel (H) Lucas Christoph
Geist Christoph Fuchs Matthias Fuchs Vallentin (X) Pracht Elias
Gottlieb Stein Willhelm (X) Lang Johanes (X) Berckhyser Johan
Gerhart Johann Adam ( X ) Shneyder Johan Diterig (M) Mark Johan
Deest (M) Mark Johannes Kichler Johan Peter (-)-) Shoemann Arnold
(O) Shoemann Wilhelm ( X ) Hildebrand Johannes ( X ) Kugelberger
Caspar ( X ) Wirth Johan Simon Deimer Urban KerckholiE Nicklas (J-)
Beyer Peter ( X ) Lorentz Peter Lahm Christ. Reusser Johan Jost
Plohger [List 77 A] [List of the Male passengers imported in the Ship
Samuel & Elizabeth, William Chilton, Com’’, from Rotterdam.
Qualified Sept. 30, 1740.] MENS NAMES AGES MENS NAMES AGES
Frist Ebgent 32 Christ. Keerback 30 John Christ. Christfellen 30
Anthony Brandeburger 29 John Tys Fuser 24 Paulus Leenderd 22
John Tys Snoegh 28 John Houbrig Tymoet 31 Peter Berger 50 John
Adam Loukenback 24 John Hofman 40 John Henry Loukenback 18
John Christ. Smith 30 Simon Belsener 50 John Christ. Frans 26 John
Jurigler 16 Jacob Fisher 20 John Gerradt Loukenback 50 Christ. Peter
Scheffer 24 John George Rurigh 21 John Peter Anders 22 John Ernst
Rurigh 20 Paulus Dunsman 34 John Adam Hammacher 23 Martinus
Smith 25 Hubrig Hammacher 27 Philip Bosart 35 John Peter
Dunsman 23 John Tys Fuser 20 John Morris Roh 40 John Adam
Meyer 30 John Simon Huler 40 John Adam Schnyder 24 Jacob
Wagner 20 John Adam Muller 25 John Henry Miller 50 George W™
Keerback 26 Haman Pessert 36
 200 Pennsylvania German Pioneers MENS NAMES AGES
MENS NAMES AGES John Hadorn 30 Conrath Hirst 49 Crymon
Schnyder 50 Johan Adam Rurigh 40 John Peter Schnyder 18 John
Tys Miller 30 John Adam Benter 36 Henry Reet 34 John Peter
Shoemacher 28 John Peter Caspar 16 Joost Craemer 20 Bertrum
Clay 50 Tys Schnyder 48 John W™ Clay 29 John Peter Harhouse 30
Christ Shoemacher 37 John Fredrick Schnyder 30 Men in all 56.
[women ] 28. Thomas Schnyder 50 [Total] 84. The above is a true
List of the Male Passengers of the age of 17 years & upwards
imported by me, to the best of my knowledge. W™ Chilton. Sworn
the 30^'’ day of Sept^ I740[Endorsed :] Samuel & Elizabeth, Will"'
Chilton, from Rotterdam & Deal. List of Palatines. Qualified 30“^
Sept" 1740. [List 77 B] [Palatines imported in the Ship Samuel &
Elizabeth, W™. Chilton, Com", from Rotterdam. Qualified Sept. 30,
1740.] Fritz Epgert Johann Christ Kreisfeller Johan® Ties ( X ) Fiser
Johan Theis Schnug Peter Berger Johannes Hoffman Johan Christ.
Schmidt Johann Christ. Frantz Johann Jacob Fischer Christ" Pet" ( X )
Fisher Johan Peder Enders Baulus Diinschman Martinis Schmitt Philip
(II) Oser Johan Adam ( X ) Meyer Johann Adam Schneider Johann
Adam Muller Georg Wilhelm (O) Kirbach Christ ( X ) Kirbach Johan
Friederich Schneider Johan Andonges Brondenburg Paulus Lbhner
Johan Aubright (H) Timout Johann Adam Luckenbach * * John
Adam Luckenbach was a Reformed schoolmaster; first at
Goshenhoppen, then at Muddy Creek, Lancaster County, later at
Creut2 Creek, York County. Still later he joined the Moravians. He
died in 1785 and was buried at Bethlehem. See History of the
Goshenhoppen Charge, p. 138.
 281 Samuel and Elizabeth IJ40 John Henerich Luckenbach
Johan Simon Ertzner Johannes Gorg Eller Johan Gerhart Luckenbach
Johannes Gorg Rorich Johan Ernst Rorig Johann Adam Hammacher
Johann Huberich Hamacher Johanes Peder Schreiner Johan Morris
(X) Frou Johann Simon (H) Hiiller Carl Jacob Wagner Hans Henrich
(H) Miller Haman (-j-) Betzer Johannes Hadorn Kreiman Schneider
Johan Peter Schneider Johan Adam (-j-) Renter Johan Peter ( X )
Shoemaker Jost Kremer Thies Schnyder Johan Peter ( X ) Harhausen
Thomas Schnider Conrad (H) Hersh Johann Adam Rorich Johan
Theis Muller Johan Peter Kas[per] Johan Henrich Reth Johan
Berdtram Klein Johan Willhelm Klein Crist Schumacher [Endorsed :]
By the Samuel & Elizabeth, Capt. Chilton, 1740. List of Palatines.
Qual. 30*'^ SepP 1740. [List 77 C] At the Courthouse in Philad^,
Sept 30^^ 1740. Present: Thomas Griffitts, Samuel Hasel Tho®
Graeme, Clem* Plumsted, The Palatines whose names are
underwritten, imported in the Ship Samuel & Elizabeth, William
Chilton, Commander, from Roterdam, but last from Deal, did this day
take & subscribe the Oaths to the Government. Fritz Epgert Johan
Christ Kreisfeller Johanes Theis (X) Feesser Johan Dheis Schnug
Peter Berger Johannes Hoffman Johan Christ. Schmidt Johann
Christ. Frantz Johann Jacob Fischer Christ Peter ( X ) Fischer Johan
Peder Enders Baulus Dunschman Martinis Schmitt Philip (II) Bosser
Johan Adam ( X ) Meyer Johan Adam Schneider Johan Adam Muller
George Wilhelm (O) Kirbach Christian ( X ) Kirbach Johann Friederich
Schneider Jorge Wilhelm Kerbach Johan Andonges Brandenburg
Paullus Lohner Johans Flubrig Dimot
 German Pioneers 282 Pennsylvania Johann Adam
Luckenbach Johan Henerich Luckenbach Johan Simon Ertzner [ ?]
Johannes Joerg Ell[er] Johan Gerhart Luckenbach Johannes Gorg
Rorich Johann Ernst Rorig Johann Adam Hammacher Johann
Huberich Hamacher Johannes Peder Dunschman Johan Mortiz ( X )
Ronh Johan Simon (H) Hiiller Carl Jacob Wagner Hans Henry (H)
Muller Haman ( X ) Betzer Johannes Hadorn Kreiman Schneider
Johan Peter Schneider Johan Adam (-j-) Bender Johan Peter (-j-)
Shoemacher Jost Kremer Theis Schneyder Johan Peter (||)
Harhaussen Thomas Schnidter Conrath (Hi) Hirsh Johan Adam
Rorich Johart Theis Muller Johan Henrich Reth Johan Peder Kas[par]
Johan Bardtram Klein Johan Willem Klein Crist. Schumacher [List 78
A] A List of All the Mens Names and [ages] on board The Ship Loyal
Judith, Cap^" Lov[ell Paynter] [Qualified Nov. 25, 1740.] * AGES
AGES Johan Henrich Leshire 31 Will™ Ole 60 Will™ Harmany 32
Will™ Yoast Backer 30 Anthony Keller 30 Johannes Woolfe 23
Christian Princer 32 Baister Hoofeman 36 Will™ Sower 50 Goodloop
Hermon 36 Henrich Dielboen 16 Henrich Wackenor 48 Andreas Beck
30 Fredrick Backer 19 Joan Will™ Oster 36 Nickolas Sell 42 Abraham
Hass 27 Peter Shits 60 Jacob Tevalt 44 Justus Lintiman 49 Conrad
Snyder 64 Jacob Lintiman 18 Johan® Ralph Snyder, S’" 54 Henrich
Lintiman 16 Andreas Ralph Snyder 16 Henrich Prim 40 Jurg Viant 29
Jacob Prim 18 Joseph Kickiler 24 Hanias Killiand 20 Simon Vear 20
Will™ Smith 56 Liniherd Kercherd 43 Will™ Smith 24 * Corner of
page torn off.
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