ELECTRIC

VEHICLE CHARGING
A Comprehensive Guide

A brief guide on
building an EV
charging solutions
CONTENTS
1. Introduction3

2. EV charging infrastructure 3
2.1. Types of EV charger (AC/DC type)3
2.2. Different levels of chargers4

3. Explaining different kinds of EV charger 4

3.1. Vehicle on-board charger (OBC)4
3.2. Level 1 & 2 chargers: Wall box chargers6
3.2.1. Architecture of an AC wall box EV charger6
3.3. Level 3 chargers: DC Fast chargers7
3.3.1. Architecture of a Three-phase EV DC charger7
3.3.2. EV charger and their components8
1) Input Protection8
2) Current Sensing Transformer10
3) Relay10
4) SiC MOSFET and driver10
5) MOSFET Driver11
6) Power MOSFET12
7) IGBT12
8) Bridge rectifier and rectifier diodes13
9) SiC Schottky diode14
10) Thyristor SCR14
11) DC-DC controller15
12) EV Charging controller module (PLC)15
13) EV charging connectors16
14) Energy Measurement17
15) Microcontroller18
3.4. Charger connectivity modules19
3.5. Charger communication protocol20
1. Wired connectivity20
2. Wireless communication21
3.6. Charger user interface22
1. Display interface23
2. Touchscreen controller23

4. Conclusion23

5. More Resources on element14 24

Appendix – Associated Product Categories:

6. 
element14 - EV Charging Solution Product Portfolio Offering 25
 Electric Vehicle Charging – A Comprehensive Guide 3

1. INTRODUCTION
What is an Electric Vehicle (EV) charger? It’s a device that supplies electric power to recharge EV batteries. This
comprehensive guide on EV charging solutions is your ultimate resource for EV charger design. It covers various
charging technologies, differences between AC and DC charging architectures, and types of chargers, ranging from
level 1 to level 3, encompassing slow to fast charging. It helps you understand essential components such as power
management, control systems, communication protocols, and security measures, providing insights on planning and
deploying EV charging infrastructure. Additionally, it offers curated solutions and product recommendations from
industry-leading suppliers for building and enhancing EV charging infrastructure, ultimately aiding in navigating the
future of mobility.

2. EV CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE
The EV charging infrastructure is a collection of residential and commercial EV supply equipment (EVSE). A robust EVSE
that serves both urban and rural areas is essential for promoting the global uptake of EVs.

Any successful fleet electrification program must:

• Prepare for the placement of the EVSE to best support the EVs. The placement must be based on demand,
visible, easily accessed, and near all needed amenities.
• Identify the charger types that can be used.
• Assess the electrical capacity of the site. Such an assessment is needed to accommodate the charging
infrastructure.
• Determine the number of charging stations and their placement.
• Execute network connectivity and power management,
• Integrate renewable energy sources like solar power while ensuring regulatory compliance,
• Focus on user experience and establish a maintenance plan,
• Collaborate with stakeholders.
There is no one-size-fits-all formula for determining the number of charging stations needed. It would be best to
establish a maintenance plan for regular check-ups, repairs, and support services to keep the charging infrastructure
operational.

2.1. Types of EV Chargers (AC/DC types)

One can charge EVs using Alternating Current (AC) or
Direct Current (DC). AC charging is the most common
method, with the onboard charger being the main
converter. As shown in Figure 1, power fed into the
vehicle must be converted to DC to charge the battery.
This conversion must occur within the vehicle using an
Onboard Charger (OBC) or inside the charge station.

AC chargers are smaller in size and charge slowly. They

are ideal for overnight charging and are used in homes.
AC chargers are more affordable than DC chargers,
where the charging process involves connecting the
EV to AC power, 120V or 240V, and converting the AC
power to DC.
Figure 1: AC and DC Charging in an Electric Vehicle
4 Electric Vehicle Charging – A Comprehensive Guide

On the other hand, DC charging can feed power directly to the car’s battery, and there is no need for an onboard
charger. This is possible as DC charging has a converter inside the charger itself. DC fast charging bypasses the
limitations of the onboard charger and provides DC power directly to the battery, increasing charging speed. DC
chargers are faster than AC charging, bigger in size, and used for fast charging.

2.2. Different Levels of Chargers

EVs can be charged using AC or DC methods. AC charging offers two options: slow or fast, while DC provides rapid
charging. The charging times depend on the type of EV charger. There are three types of EV charging: Level 1, which is
slow with 5 km of range per hour; Level 2, which offers 30 to 50 km of range per hour; and Level 3, which offers up to
20 miles per minute. Level 1 and Level 2 are AC chargers, while Level 3 is a DC charger. As the charging level increases,
the charging speed decreases.

Energy Supply Expected Power

Power level Types Charger Location Typical Use Charging Time
Interface Level

On-board 1-phase (AC Charging at home or 1.4kW (12A) 11-36 hours

Level 1 (Slow) Convenience outlet
charging) office 1.9kW (20A) 4-11 hours

4Kw (17A) 2- 6 hours

Level 2 On-board 1- or Charging at private or Dedicated power
8kW (32A) 2-3 hours
(Intermediate or slow) 3-phase (AC charging) public outlets connector
19.2kW (80A) 1-4 hours

50kW
Level 3 Off-board 3-phases Commercial, same as Dedicated power 100kW 0.4-1 hours
(Fast/less than 1 hour) (DC charging) gas station connector 250kW 0.2-0.5 hours
350kW

Table 1: Levels of EV chargers (source: Avnet)

The vehicle’s onboard converter converts AC to DC in Levels 1 and 2. At the same time, DC power is supplied directly
to the battery in Level 3 charging, where the conversion occurs outside the vehicle and in the charging station. This
rapid charging method eliminates the slow onboard conversion process, resulting in higher power outputs and faster
charging times.

The slower rate of AC Level 2 charging is best for people who don’t mind waiting a few hours for their cars to recharge.
Many workplaces and homes are equipped with AC Level 2 chargers.

3. EXPLAINING DIFFERENT KINDS OF EV CHARGER

3.1. Vehicle On-board Charger (OBC)

The increasing demand for fast charging with low system costs is a strong driver for using OBC solutions. The OBC
system in EVs recharges the high-voltage main battery from the AC grid while parked. Recharge occurs from the home
AC mains plug or private/public outlets (AC charging station). The system optimizes EV battery management, supports
various conversion topologies, and features high power density, low switching losses, integrated isolation, and
­high-performance 32-bit microcontrollers. The OBC uses discrete high-voltage components where the typical AC
power charging level goes from 3.6 kW (single Phase) to 22 kW (three Phase). Electric components’ battery capacity
and energy efficiency determine whether one can achieve the desired driving range.

An OBC is of a four-stage design: EMI filter/input stage, power factor correction stage, DC-DC conversion stage,
and output filtering stage, as shown in Figure 2. The EMI filter is an essential part of the OBC, where it removes
undesirable noise from AC sine waves and filters AC power. It improves system efficiency and dependability by
 Electric Vehicle Charging – A Comprehensive Guide 5

reducing potentially harmful voltage and current spikes. Common mode chokes, AC harmonic filter capacitors, and
X & Y safety capacitors are a few parts that make up the filter, and they function as an effective barrier against
unauthorized electrical disruptions. The filter’s efficiency can be found by comparing the waveform before and after
the EMI filter’s intervention.

The Power Factor Correction (PFC) stage ensures efficient power and prevents grid issues. It is crucial to OBC
design. The PFC inhibits component damage due to displacement or distortion and minimizes user-related challenges.
A PFC stage can be implemented through active or passive methods to rectify these losses. Active correction involves
switching to convert the incoming waveform into a DC waveform, enhancing the power factor and ensuring efficient
power utilization. Passive correction uses capacitors and inductors to smooth abrupt switching patterns, creating a
balanced waveform and mitigating ripple voltage.

Isolation

PFC Temperature DC Primary DC Secondary High-

Sensing Current Sensing Current Sensing Voltage
Traction
PFC Primary side Secondary side Battery

Center Tapped
Classic Boost LLC / CLLC
Grid AC
Filter Full Bridge Filter
with Diodes
Dual
Totem pole Full Bridge
Active Bridge
with MOSFETs

Gate Driver / Gate Driver / Gate Driver /

Digital Isolator Digital Isolator Digital Isolator

OBC
Microcontroller

CAN
Gateway
HV Aux Power Supply
Communication
Power Supply and Diagnostic

Figure 2: Block diagram of the OBC (source : Infineon)

In an OBC design, the vital DC-DC converter stage converts AC power from the PFC stage to DC as per the
requirements of the battery system. The converter input is the DC power generated by the PFC stage. The
transformer is the central stage and facilitates the step-up or step-down voltage transformation. Active devices
surrounding the transformer work together to fine-tune the power factor, mitigating power factor corrections and
optimizing the voltage conversion process.

In the final stage of the OBC, an output filter is placed to remove the remaining harmonics. This is done using a simple
RLC circuit in a passive context. The adjusted power charges the battery used in an EV. Components like power
resistors, high-voltage capacitors, and high-power inductors are designed to withstand extreme power conditions and
the device’s physical characteristics. Engineers consider vibration resistance, temperature and humidity requirements,
and space constraints when selecting components for an OBC.

element14 provides a complete product portfolio including Si and SiC power MOSFETs, IGBTs, silicon and SiC diodes,
protections, SCR thyristors, MEMS, connectivity ICs, gate drivers, and microcontrollers, in accordance with AEC-Q100
and AEC-Q101 standards.
6 Electric Vehicle Charging – A Comprehensive Guide

3.2. Level 1 & 2 Chargers: Wall Box Chargers

Level 1 (slow) charging is an onboard 1-phase AC charging method used primarily at home or the office. It uses a
standard convenience outlet with a power rating ranging from 1.4 kW (12A) to 1.9 kW (20A). The charging duration
varies significantly, with estimated times ranging from 11 to 36 hours. This method is characterized by simplicity and
convenience, making it suitable for overnight or extended parking
scenarios. However, it may not be ideal for rapid recharging and is
often used when the vehicle is parked for extended periods, such as
overnight or during the workday.

The simplest and slowest way to charge an EV involves the AC ‘wall

box,’ typically found in homes, offices, or street-side installations. This
approach directs the mains AC to the vehicle’s onboard AC-DC charger,
enabling up to 8 kW charge rate from single-phase supplies or, rarely,
about 20 kW from three-phase sources. Cars that can take three-
phase AC are uncommon; even if they can, the automobile may have a
restriction, such as 11 kW for the Tesla Model 3. For home or workplace
charges, billing capability is optional. Authentication technologies
such as RFID or key functionalities can be used for essential user
identification. Figure 3: AC wall box charger

3.2.1. Architecture of an AC wall box EV charger

The architecture of the AC wall box EV charger is shown in Figure 4. The charger consists of 50/60Hz T1 and T2 current
transformers operating under various conditions. The line current is measured by T1, which can be tens of amps under
fault conditions. Energy use is measured, and over-current and short circuits are detected, if any. Resistive sensing
can also be used, but it may cause high losses and is not isolated from AC mains. Hall effect sensors provide isolation
but are expensive, non-linear, and suffer from poor temperature stability and offset errors. Current transformers are a
suitable solution for AC.

The Ground Fault Current Indicator (GFCI) is shown as T2 that cancels normal line and neutral currents, generating a
secondary voltage when there’s a difference between line and neutral currents, indicating an extra fault current to the
ground. This makes the part smaller than T1 and typically requires additional winding for testing. The relay performs the
disconnect function under fault conditions or for scheduled connection. The isolated auxiliary supply provides a few
watts for the control and monitoring functions.

T1 T2 RELAY

L in L out

Transient
suppression

N in N out
Current
monitor GFCI Test Disconnect
AC monitor and GFCI Trip control
aux supply To EV

Pilot
Measurement, control, communications
AC-DC aux
supply

E E

Figure 4: AC wall box EV charger (Source: Avnet)

 Electric Vehicle Charging – A Comprehensive Guide 7

A large inverter or transformer is needed if the AC wall box comes without galvanic isolation between the AC supply
and EV connection. Mechanical disconnection is necessary, with relay contacts in line and neutral, opening when
overload, short circuit, or ground fault is detected. Current transformers can sense these conditions. The disconnect
function can be used for scheduled charging and controlled remotely via wireless or powerline communications along
the AC supply. The control unit/wall box interface or powerline communication can be used for scheduled charging.
Three-phase AC wall boxes for domestic installation will typically operate from nominal 380/400VAC and be designed
for over-voltage category III and IEC 61581. One transformer can be used for ground fault detection.

Below is the list of AC wall box EV chargers from element14.

GMEV48CME1-WC GMEV32BR-WC GMEV48CMC1-WC

GMEV40CMC1B-WC GMEV32BR-WCPL GMEV40CME1B-WC

Figure 5: EV Charging

3.3. Level 3 chargers : DC fast chargers

A DC charging station is a Level 3 charger with a high-power level of over 350 kW, using modular converters that can
be stacked outside the vehicle. These converters directly interface with the vehicle’s battery, bypassing the onboard
charger. The power module in a DC charging station consists of AC/DC and DC/DC power stages, where each has its
own power stage, power switches, gate driver, current and voltage sensing, and controller. In the first stage, it converts
incoming 3-phase AC into a fixed DC voltage of around 800 V, while in the next stage, the DC/DC converter sets the
output to match the needs of the battery integrated into the vehicle.

DC EV chargers have revolutionized the charging industry by combining power, speed, and scalability. With a higher
power rating than AC chargers, DC chargers operate in the 11 kW-22 kW range and are expected to reach the 30 kW to
50 kW spectrum in the near future. When multiple DC charger sub-units work in parallel, the power rating of charging
piles can be increased from 120 kW to 360 kW, enhancing user convenience. DC charging also has the advantage of
recharging EV batteries to 80 percent capacity in less than half an hour, transforming the charging experience and
aligning with modern EV users’ fast-paced lifestyles.

3.3.1. Architecture of a Three-phase EV DC charger

The power stage includes gate drivers for MOSFETs, current and voltage sensor blocks, and individual controllers
for processing analog data and providing fast control action. It also has temperature sensing blocks, interfaces for
CAN, Ethernet, and RS-485, and isolated and non-isolated DC/DC converters for powering auxiliary circuits like fans
8 Electric Vehicle Charging – A Comprehensive Guide

and amplifiers. The topology for AC/DC and DC/DC power conversion stages is a prime factor, as it determines the
system’s efficiency. Each power stage has its controller responsible for processing analog data and providing rapid
control reactions.

1200V SiC
Diodes

3-Phase Secondary Battery

DC-DC Rectification
Rectifier/PFC

Current
1200V FRD Sense Discrete IGBTs & HV FETs
BLDC Fan
with low RDS(on)/fast
Diodes Gate Drivers Gate Drivers Moter
switching ot PIMs providing
improved system reliability
High Current BLDC Motor
full protection Control
Gate Drivers
Voltage
µCU Isolation ADC
High Precision Sense
Op-Amps
Communications Touch Screen Wide Body
Controller Optocouplers
Auxiliary Display
LCD
RF PLC CAN Power
Backlighting

Figure 6: Three-phase EV DC charger outline (source : Onsemi)

Three−phase Power Factor Correction (PFC) topologies are critical for efficient and fast DC charging. By incorporating
Silicon Carbide (SiC) power semiconductors into your three−phase PFC topologies, you can address the usually
conflicting challenge of reducing power losses and increasing power density. Implementing the frontend three−phase
PFC boost stage in multiple topologies is possible; several may fulfill the exact electrical requirements.

The AC-DC converter in an offboard charger is a frontend rectifier before the DC-DC conversion stage in an EV fast
charging station. Various topologies convert AC power from the utility grid to DC power, handling high power fed
directly to the battery. Due to advancements in semiconductor technology, active PFCs are increasingly used in EV
charging stations. Single-phase and three-phase topologies are used depending on power levels, with single-phase
used for power levels less than 3.3 kW and three-phase used for higher power levels. The AC/DC converter in an EV
typically uses a three-phase high-power rectifier for fast charging. Topologies for AC-DC conversion include a
three-phase buck type rectifier, Swiss rectifier, Vienna rectifier, and three-phase boost type rectifier.

DC−DC conversion stages employ three main isolated topologies: the full−bridge LLC resonant converter, the full−
bridge phase−shift Dual Active Bridge (DAB) Zero Voltage Transition (ZVT) converter, and the full−bridge phase−shift
ZVT converter.

3.3.2. EV charger and their components

1) Input Protection
EV chargers have various protection mechanisms to ensure safety and prevent potential hazards. Overvoltage protection
disconnects the power if the voltage exceeds the maximum rating, averting damage to the charging system. Ground Fault
Circuit Interrupter monitors the current flow and disconnects the circuit in case of a ground fault, minimizing the risk
of electric shocks. Surge Protection Devices (SPDS) are needed for all new electrical circuits to protect against voltage
surges, protecting electronic components and Infrastructure from damage.
 Electric Vehicle Charging – A Comprehensive Guide 9

SM15T6V8A - TVS DIODE SMF05C - TVS DIODE SMBJ24A-E3/52 - TVS

DIODE

TVS Diode, SM15T, TVS Diode, TRANSZORB SMCJ, TVS Diode, Transil SMBJ,
Unidirectional, 5.8 V, 13.4 V, Unidirectional, 5 V, 12.5 V, Unidirectional, 24 V, 38.9 V,
DO-214AB (SMC), 2 Pins SOT-323, 6 Pins DO-214AA (SMB), 2 Pins

Order Code Order Code Order Code

9885820 2059033RL 9551026

PTVS15VS1UR,115 - TVS SMAJ30A-TR - TVS SMBJ43A - TVS DIODE
DIODE DIODE

TVS Diode, PTVS, TVS Diode, TRANSZORB SMAJ, TVS Diode, Transil SMBJ,
Unidirectional, 15 V, 24.4 V, Unidirectional, 30 V, 64.3 V, Unidirectional, 43 V, 69.4 V,
SOD-123, 2 Pins DO-214AC (SMA), 2 Pins DO-214AA (SMB), 2 Pins

Order Code Order Code Order Code

1829240RL 2252452 2295713

FLLD31K0APVI1 - FLLD3075AMHT5 - 6609048-1 - POWER
POWER LINE FILTER POWER LINE FILTER LINE FILTER

Power Line Filter, General Power Line Filter, General Power Line Filter, Installation,
Purpose, 520 VAC, one kA, Purpose, 530 VAC, 75 A, Three General Purpose, 250 VAC, 3
Three Phase, 2 Stage, Chassis Phase, 1 Stage, Chassis Mount A, Single Phase, 2 Stage
Mount

Order Code Order Code Order Code

2902085 2767080 9586210

BNX012-01 - POWER B84111F0000B060 - FN3258-30-33 -
LINE FILTER POWER LINE FILTER POWER LINE FILTER

Power Line Filter, 50 V, 15 A, 1 Power Line Filter, Chassis, Power Line Filter, Chassis,
Stage, Through Hole General Purpose, 250 VAC, 6 General Purpose, 480 VAC, 30
A, Single Phase, 1 Stage, Chassis A, Three Phase, 1 Stage, Chassis
Mount Mount

Order Code Order Code Order Code

1828968 1467059 2134571

5500.204 - POWER LINE TBU-CA065-200-WH - MPSM34S471P2NBA -
FILTER INPUT PROTECTION INPUT PROTECTION

Power Line Filter, Chassis, Surge Protector, High Speed, Surge Protector, Surge
General Purpose, 250 VAC, 3 Single, Bidirectional, 1 Pole, Protector, 20 kA, 300 VAC,
A, Single Phase, 1 Stage, Chassis 300 VAC, PCB - Surface Mount PCB - Through Hole
Mount

Order Code Order Code Order Code

1162772 1833393 4263740

OVR T1-T2 N 50- F202F-63/0.03 - INPUT 5SV3342-6 - INPUT
275S C QS - INPUT PROTECTION PROTECTION
PROTECTION
Surge Protector, 1 Pole, Mains Circuit Breaker, F200, 230 V, Circuit Breaker, SENTRON, 400
Surge Protector, 1 Pole, Type 1 63 A, 2 Pole V, 25 A, 4 Pole, 800 A
& 2, 80 kA, 275 VAC, DIN Rail

Order Code Order Code Order Code

2914202 2991162 3529834

10 Electric Vehicle Charging – A Comprehensive Guide

2) Current Sensing Transformer

Current transformers are instrument transformers designed to produce an alternating current in its secondary coil
proportional to the primary circuit or primary load. They reduce high voltage at lower levels, providing a safe and accurate
method to measure electrical current flow through alternating transmission lines. These transformers have low power
impedances, making them operate in short circuits. The current in the secondary turns winding depends on the current
flow in the primary generating winding rather than directionally dependent on loads. The primary side present relies on
the secondary current side circuit conditions in the potential transformer. Zero-phase current transformers are widely
used for the electrical safety module of EV charging devices, providing electrical utility safety for EV charging devices.
Various solutions using different current transformers are available to ensure safety in EV charging devices.

CST2010-040LD - LA12-50V21 - CURRENT B82801A1135A125 -

CURRENT SENSING SENSING TRANSFORMER CURRENT SENSING
TRANSFORMER TRANSFORMER
Current Sensing Transformer, Current Sensing Transformer, Current Sensing Transformer,
AEC-Q200, 1:40, 1.36 mH, 40 50 A 1:125, 1.28 mH, 7 A, 36 Vµs,
A, 101.6 Vµs, 5kHz to 1MHz, 50kHz to 1MHz, 15 ohm
0.56 ohm

Order Code Order Code Order Code

2836756 2985767 3414896RL

749252150 - CURRENT
SENSING TRANSFORMER

Current Sensing Transformer,

1:150, 1.8 mH, 7 A, 67.5 Vµs,
1MHz, 21 ohm

Order Code

3584457

For a complete list of product offerings, refer to the appendix.

3) Relay
Relays are crucial in EV charging stations, as they switch power to the EV and manage potential hazards like ground faults
or creepage currents. A control module within the EVSE controls the main relay, activated only after safety conditions are
met. The relay then switches power to the high-voltage terminals of the charging cable, initiating the charging cycle. When
disengaged, the control module deactivates the main relay to prevent terminal arcing. Relays must withstand high inrush
and short circuit currents and voltage spikes of 10kV or more, handling high currents for sustained periods and repeatedly
switching high voltages. Level 1 or 2 chargers need relays to take 16A at 250V AC.

AHES3193 - POWER T92S7D12-24. - POWER RPF2ABD - POWER

RELAY RELAY RELAY

Power Relay, DPST-NO, 48 General Purpose Relay, T92 Power Relay, DPST-NO, 24
VDC, 40 A, HE-S Series, Series, Power, Non-Latching, VDC, 30 A, Zelio RPF, DIN
Through Hole, Non-Latching DPST-NO, 24 VDC, 40 A Rail, Panel

Order Code Order Code Order Code

3881338 1608379 2780445

668290000000 - G7L-2A-X-SI-DC12 - MGN2A-AC120 - POWER
POWER RELAY POWER RELAY RELAY

Power Relay, DPST-NO, 24 Power Relay, DPST-NO, 12 RELAY, DPST-NO, 240VAC,

VDC, 30 A, 66 Series, Panel VDC, 30 A, G7L-X Series, 28VDC, 30A
Mount Through Hole, Non-Latching

Order Code Order Code Order Code

3050910 4216035 7270185

4) SiC MOSFET and driver

The choice of semiconductor devices is crucial for optimizing the efficiency of rectifier and PFC circuits. Silicon Carbide
(SiC) MOSFETs and Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) have advantages, such as high-speed switching and reduced
 Electric Vehicle Charging – A Comprehensive Guide 11

inductor size. SiC MOSFETs are voltage-controlled devices made with silicon carbide, offering conveniences such as
higher breakdown voltages, better cooling and temperature endurance, smaller size, 10x higher dielectric breakdown
field strength, 2x higher electron saturation velocity, 3x higher energy bandgap, and 3x higher thermal conductivity.
They are used in high-power and voltage devices, reducing the size of components like inductors, capacitors, filters, and
transformers.

A1F25M12W2-F1 - SIC FS45MR12W1M1B11BO- SCTH35N65G2V-7AG -

MOSFET MODULE MA1 - SIC MOSFET SIC MOSFET
MODULE
Silicon Carbide MOSFET, Silicon Carbide MOSFET, Full Silicon Carbide MOSFET,
FourPack, Four N Channel, Bridge, Six N Channel, 25 A, Single, N Channel, 45 A, 650
50 A, 1.2 kV, 0.025 ohm, 1.2 kV, 0.045 ohm, Module V, 0.045 ohm, H2PAK
ACEPACK 1

Order Code Order Code Order Code

4229252 2986380 3764233RL

SCTL35N65G2V - SIC SCT20N120 - SIC SCT3030KLGC11 - SIC
MOSFET MOSFET MOSFET

Silicon Carbide MOSFET, Silicon Carbide MOSFET, Silicon Carbide Power

Single, N Channel, 40 A, 650 Single, N Channel, 20 A, 1.2 MOSFET, N Channel, 72 A, 1.2
V, 0.045 ohm, PowerFLAT HV kV, 0.169 ohm, HiP247 kV, 0.03 ohm, 18 V, 5.6 V

Order Code Order Code Order Code

3764234RL 2807234 2678784

NTBG160N120SC1 - SIC IMBG120R350M1HXTMA1 LSIC1MO120G0040 -
MOSFET - SIC MOSFET SIC MOSFET

Silicon Carbide MOSFET, Silicon Carbide MOSFET, Silicon Carbide MOSFET,

EliteSiC, Single, N Channel, Single, N Channel, 4.7 A, Single, N Channel, 70 A, 1.2
19.5 A, 1.2 kV, 0.16 ohm, TO- 1.2 kV, 0.35 ohm, TO-263 kV, 0.04 ohm, TO-247
263HV (D2PAK) (D2PAK)

Order Code Order Code Order Code

3528497RL 3582467 3996617

LSIC1MO120G0025 - MSC040SMA120B - SIC MSC080SMA120S - SIC
SIC MOSFET MOSFET MOSFET

Silicon Carbide MOSFET, Silicon Carbide MOSFET, Silicon Carbide MOSFET,

Single, N Channel, 100 A, 1.2 Single, N Channel, 66 A, 1.2 Single, N Channel, 35 A,
kV, 0.025 ohms, TO-247 kV, 0.04 ohm, TO-247 1.2 kV, 0.08 ohm, TO-268
(D3PAK)

Order Code Order Code Order Code

3996616 3929950 3929951

5) MOSFET Driver
A MOSFET gate driver is a specialized circuit that efficiently drives the gate of power MOSFETs in high-speed switching
applications. It is a power amplifier that accepts a low-power input from a controller IC and produces a high-current
drive input for the gate of a high-power transistor, such as an IGBT or power MOSFET. Gate drivers can be provided on-
chip or as a discrete module. A voltage higher than the rated gate threshold must be applied to turn on a MOSFET. The
MOSFET gate drive consumes no power in a steady on or off state. Factors such as compatibility, isolation, protection,
and integration must be considered when selecting an appropriate gate driver. The gate driver should align with the
controller’s input signal characteristics, the circuit’s supply voltage, and the specific MOSFET gate voltage and current
requirements.

STGAP2HSMTR - HIP4082IBZ - MOSFET IRS2453DSTRPBF -

MOSFET DRIVER DRIVER MOSFET DRIVER

MOSFET Driver, Half Bridge, MOSFET Driver IC, Full MOSFET Driver, Full Bridge,
9.6 V to 26 V Supply, -40 Bridge, 8.5V-15V Supply, 1.4A 10 V to 16.6 V supply, 180 mA
°C to 125 °C, 75 ns Delay, Out, 25ns Delay, SOIC-16 /260 mA out, 15.6 V Clamp,
WSOIC-8 NSOIC-14

Order Code Order Code Order Code

3581054 1561948 2780833

12 Electric Vehicle Charging – A Comprehensive Guide

LT1162CSW#PBF - NCP81062MNTWG -
MOSFET DRIVER MOSFET DRIVER

Gate Driver, 4 Channels, Full MOSFET Driver, High Side,

Bridge, MOSFET, 24 Pins, and Low Side, 4.5 V to 13.2
WSOIC V supply, 25 ns Propagation
delay, DFN-8

Order Code Order Code

4018519 2724059

6) Power MOSFET
A power MOSFET is a three-terminal silicon device that switches large amounts of current due to its low gate drive power,
fast charging speed, and superior paralleling capability. It is widely used due to its ability to operate at low voltages, offer
high switching speed, and optimize efficiency.

STB45N30M5 - POWER SPA11N65C3XKSA1 - NTHL125N65S3H -

MOSFET POWER MOSFET POWER MOSFET

Power MOSFET, N Channel, Power MOSFET, N Channel, Power MOSFET, N Channel,

300 V, 53 A, 0.037 ohms, 650 V, 11 A, 0.34 ohm, TO- 650 V, 24 A, 0.108 ohms,
TO-263 (D2PAK), Surface 220F, Through Hole TO-247, Through Hole
Mount

Order Code Order Code Order Code

2984364 1471771 3677723

IXTP4N65X2 - POWER R6511ENJTL - POWER IXFP12N65X2 - POWER
MOSFET MOSFET MOSFET

Power MOSFET, X2-Class, N Power MOSFET, N Channel, Power MOSFET, X2 Cls, N

Channel, 650 V, 4 A, 0.85 650 V, 11 A, 0.36 ohm, TO- Channel, 650 V, 12 A, 0.31
ohms, TO-220, Through Hole 263S, Surface Mount ohm, TO-220, Through Hole

Order Code Order Code Order Code

2674789 3213692 3438390

SIHG73N60E-GE3 - IXTP6N100D2 - POWER TK14G65W,RQ(S -
POWER MOSFET MOSFET POWER MOSFET

Power MOSFET, N Channel, Power MOSFET, N Channel, 1 Power MOSFET, N Channel,

650 V, 73 A, 0.032 ohms, kV, 6 A, 2.2 ohm, TO-220AB, 650 V, 13.7 A, 0.22 ohm,
TO-247AC, Through Hole Through Hole D2PAK, Surface Mount

Order Code Order Code Order Code

2283634 3930296 4173015

TK065U65Z,RQ(S -
POWER MOSFET

Power MOSFET, N Channel,

650 V, 38 A, 0.051 ohm, TO-
LL, Surface Mount

Order Code

3977662

7) IGBT
Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) are essential components in EV charging systems. They are semiconductor-
switching devices that convert DC and AC in the charging process. IGBTs are known for their high efficiency, ensuring
minimal energy losses during the charging cycle. They are robust and reliable, contributing to the longevity and stability
of EV charging systems. Their fast-switching capabilities enable precise control over the flow of electrical currents,
optimizing the charging process.
 Electric Vehicle Charging – A Comprehensive Guide 13

STGYA50H120DF2 - IXGH32N120A3 - IGBT IXYK120N120C3 - IGBT

IGBT

IGBT, 100 A, 2.1 V, 535 W, 1.2 IGBT, 75 A, 2.35 V, 300 W, TRANSISTOR, IGBT, 1.2KV,
kV, MAX-247, 3 Pins 1.2 kV, TO-247, 3 Pins 240A, TO-264

Order Code Order Code Order Code

3972507 3930552 3775981

HGTG11N120CND - IGBT STGWA30M65DF2 - RGTH00TK65GC11 -
IGBT IGBT

IGBT, 43 A, 2.4 V, 298 W, 1.2 IGBT, 60 A, 1.55 V, 258 W, IGBT, 35 A, 1.6 V, 72 W, 650
kV, TO-247, 3 Pins 650 V, TO-247, 3 Pins V, TO-3PFM, 3 Pins

Order Code Order Code Order Code

1611490 2490225 3132336

DG50X07T2 - IGBT

IGBT, 100 A, 1.45 V, 714 W,

650 V, TO-247, 3 Pins

Order Code

3790235

8) Bridge rectifier and rectifier diodes

Bridge rectifiers transform incoming AC voltage into DC form in EV chargers. The selection criteria include packaging,
inrush current ratings, quality and reliability, voltage drop, recovery options, and voltage withstanding. High conduction,
switching losses, and heating issues are common during rectification. The rectifier’s ability to handle inrush currents during
initial power-up is essential for sustained and stable operation.

SMT5012GW - BRIDGE GUO40-12NO1 - BRIDGE STTH30RQ06G2-TR - FAST

RECTIFIER RECTIFIER & ULTRAFAST RECOVERY
RECTIFIER DIODES
Bridge Rectifier, Three Bridge Rectifier, Three Fast / Ultrafast Diode, 600
Phase, 1.2 kV, 50 A, Module, Phase, 1.2 kV, 40 A, GUFP, 5 V, 30 A, Single, 2.95 V, 55
5 Pins, 1.1 V Pins, 1.28 V ns, 180 A

Order Code Order Code Order Code

2750976 3438360 3105991

VS-E5TX3012-M3 - FAST DSEP29-12A - FAST & IDW30C65D1XKSA1 - FAST
& ULTRAFAST RECOVERY ULTRAFAST RECOVERY & ULTRAFAST RECOVERY
RECTIFIER DIODES RECTIFIER DIODES RECTIFIER DIODES
Fast / Ultrafast Diode, 1.2 Fast / Ultrafast Diode, 1.2 Fast / Ultrafast Diode, 650
kV, 30 A, Single, 3.3 V, 80 kV, 30 A, Single, 1.81 V, 40 V, 30 A, Dual Common
ns, 190 A ns, 200 A Cathode, 1.7 V, 71 ns, 120 A

Order Code Order Code Order Code

3639221 1427266 2780783

RURG3060 - FAST & IDW80C65D2XKSA1 - FAST FERD40H100SG-TR -
ULTRAFAST RECOVERY & ULTRAFAST RECOVERY RECTIFIER DIODES
RECTIFIER DIODES RECTIFIER DIODES
Fast / Ultrafast Diode, Soft, Fast / Ultrafast Diode, 650 Standard Recovery Diode,
600 V, 30 A, Single, 1.5 V, 60 V, 80 A, Dual Common 100 V, 40 A, Single, 675 mV,
ns, 325 A Cathode, 2.2 V, 36 ns, 250 A 440 A

Order Code Order Code Order Code

1076353 2780786 2579641

14 Electric Vehicle Charging – A Comprehensive Guide

DNA30EM2200PZ-TRL - DSI30-12AS-TRL - IDB30E120ATMA1 -

RECTIFIER DIODES RECTIFIER DIODES RECTIFIER DIODES

RECTIFIER, 2.2KV, 30A, Standard Recovery Diode, 1.2 Standard Recovery Diode,
TO-263 kV, 30 A, Single Dual Anode, 1.2 kV, 50 A, Single, 2.15 V,
1.29 V, 325 A 243 ns, 102 A

Order Code Order Code Order Code

3771219 4060190RL 2212799

STTH30L06GY-TR -
RECTIFIER DIODES

Standard Recovery Diode,

600 V, 30 A, Single, 1.55 V,
90 ns, 300 A

Order Code

2806744RL

9) SiC Schottky diode

Silicon carbide (SiC) Schottky diodes play an essential role in EVs and hybrid vehicles (HEVs), improving efficiency and
extending range. They have low turn-on voltage, fast recovery time, low-loss energy, high voltage tolerance, high power
density, low on-state resistance, and excellent thermal conductivity. SiC Schottky diodes can increase efficiency, reduce
DC-DC converter size and cost, improve operating temperature, provide better conduction losses, lower leakage
currents, and offer higher surge capacity and max voltage ratings.

STPSC20H12G2-TR - STPSC15H12G2-TR - SIC LSIC2SD065D20A - SIC

SIC SCHOTTKY DIODE SCHOTTKY DIODE SCHOTTKY DIODE

Silicon Carbide Schottky Silicon Carbide Schottky Silicon Carbide Schottky

Diode, Single, 1.2 kV, 20 A, Diode, Single, 1.2 kV, 15 A, 94 Diode, Single, 650 V, 48 A,
129 nC, D2PAK-HV nC, D2PAK-HV 63 nC, TO-263

Order Code Order Code Order Code

3766511 3748726RL 3996577

IDWD30G120C5XKSA1 - AIDW30S65C5XKSA1 -
SIC SCHOTTKY DIODE SIC SCHOTTKY DIODE

Silicon Carbide Schottky Silicon Carbide Schottky

Diode, CoolSiC 5G 1200V, Diode, CoolSiC 5G 650V,
Single, 1.2 kV, 87 A, 154 nC, Single, 650 V, 30 A, 43 nC,
TO-247 TO-247

Order Code Order Code

3051958 3014238

10) Thyristor SCR

Thyristors, also known as SCRs, are crucial in electric vehicle chargers for their variable DC output, which can be adjusted
by changing the pulse on their gates. They are particularly useful in applications involving high currents and voltages,
controlling alternating currents, and automatically switching off.

TN4050HP-12G2YTR - STTD6050H-12M2Y - CS19-12HO1S-TRL -

THYRISTOR SCR THYRISTOR SCR THYRISTOR SCR

1200 V, 40 A Automotive 60 A 1200 V half-controlled Thyristor, 1.2 kV, 28 mA, 20

Grade AEC-Q101 SCR bridge rectifier in ACEPACK A, 31 A, TO-263 (D2PAK),
Thyristor in D2PAK HV SMIT module 3 Pins
package

Order Code Order Code Order Code

3993616 3775638 3930319

 Electric Vehicle Charging – A Comprehensive Guide 15

16TTS12SPBF - PGH100N16 -
THYRISTOR SCR THYRISTOR SCR

Thyristor, 1.2 kV, 35 mA, 10 A, Thyristor Diode Module,

16 A, TO-220AB, 3 Pins Three Phase - SCR / Diode,
100A Itav, 1.6kV Vdrm, 1.2kA
Itsm

Order Code Order Code

9104380 4036911

11) DC-DC controller

DC-DC converters in electric vehicle systems have diverse topologies, including isolated and non-isolated configurations.
The bidirectional non-isolated topologies emerge as especially well-suited for interfacing with battery electric cars.
These topologies exhibit a variety of benefits that make them beneficial compared to other solutions. The following table
mentions a few components.

L3751PUR - DC/DC LT3748IMS#PBF - DC/ TLE63893GV50XUMA2 -

CONTROLLER DC CONTROLLER DC/DC CONTROLLER

DC/DC Controller, DC/DC Controller, Isolated DC/DC Controller, Buck, 5

Synchronous Buck, 6 V to Flyback, 5V to 100V Supply, 1 V to 60 V Supply, 1 Output,
75 V in, 1 Output, 99% Duty Output, MSOP-16 360 kHz, SOIC-14
Cycle, 1 MHz, QFN-EP-20

Order Code Order Code Order Code

4067513RL 4026242 3703518

MCP1650S-E/MS - DC/ MP6005GK-P - DC/DC ISL95870AHRUZ-T - DC/
DC CONTROLLER CONTROLLER DC CONTROLLER

DC/DC Controller, 2.7V DC/DC Controller, Flyback, DC/DC Controller,

to 5.5V, 1 Output, Boost, 8V to 80V Supply, 1 Output, Synchronous Buck (Step
850kHz, MSOP-8 70% Duty Cycle, 250 kHz, Down), 3.3V to 25V Supply, 1
MSOP-10 Output, 1MHz, µTQFN-20

Order Code Order Code Order Code

1863920 3869183RL 2983665

12) EV Charging controller module (PLC)

The EV charging controllers are a vital component of a sustainable and intelligent mode in electric car charging
Infrastructure, featuring comprehensive features and interfaces in a compact, modular housing and equipped with an

Figure 7: PLC-based EV controller

16 Electric Vehicle Charging – A Comprehensive Guide

open Linux platform. Higher-power DC chargers are typically built modularly, stacking power blocks of 15 to 75 kW (and
above) in a single cabinet. They are programmable charging controller for DC and AC charging of EVs in accordance with
IEC 61851-1,-23, DIN SPEC 70121, and CHAdeMO, with an integrated cellular modem.

1622452 - CHARGE 1622453 - CHARGE 1622460 - CHARGE

CONTROLLER CONTROLLER CONTROLLER

AC CHARGER, EV-CC-AC1- AC CHARGER, EV-CC-AC1- AC CHARGER, EV-CC-AC1-

M3-CBC-SER-HS M3-CBC-SER-PCB M3-CC-SER-PCB

Order Code Order Code Order Code

2926901 2926902 2926904

1018701 - CHARGE 1622459 - CHARGE
CONTROLLER CONTROLLER

AC CHARGER, EV-CC-AC1- AC CHARGER, EV-CC-AC1-

M3-CBC-RCM-ETH M3-CC-SER-HS

Order Code Order Code

2926900 2926903

13) EV charging connectors

Charging cables have two connectors - one for the charge point socket and the other for the electric car. EVs have a type
1 or, more commonly, type 2 socket for slow/fast charging and CHAdeMO or CCS for DC rapid charging.

CHAdeMO, or “Charge de Move,” is a standard used by carmakers, primarily in Japan, for charging EVs. The Combined
Charging System (CCS) connector is an open industry standard commonly associated with North American and
European automakers. All newly manufactured passenger EVs (except Tesla) in North America use the CCS connector.
Tesla connectors are exclusively found in Tesla cars, and EVgo is the first public fast-charging network to offer native
compatibility with Tesla vehicles. Tesla also designs its connectors, including adaptors for AC Level 1 and 2 (J1772) and
a CHAdeMO to Tesla Adaptor for DC charging. The SAE J1772 connector, or “J Plug,” is used for Level 1 and Level 2 AC
charging, which are slower than DC Fast Charging and primarily for short-term use.

Figure 8: EV charging connector types

 Electric Vehicle Charging – A Comprehensive Guide 17

MP006852 - EV 08914090301A0 EV-T1G3K-1AC20A-

CHARGING CONNECTORS - EV CHARGING 5,0M2,5ESBK01 - EV
& CABLES CONNECTORS & CABLES CHARGING CONNECTORS
& CABLES
EV Charging Cable, IEC CHARGING CBLE, IEC 62196- AC CHARGING CABLE, 5M,
62196-2 Type 2 to IEC 62196- 2 RCPT-PLUG, 5M 250VAC, 20A, BLK
2 Type 2, 5 m (16.4 ft), 250
VAC/32 A, Black
Order Code Order Code Order Code

3650596 3780083 3293131

35622691 - EV CHARGING AU10169534-J24CBLF 2-2208877-5 -
CONNECTORS & CABLES - EV CHARGING EV CHARGING
CONNECTORS & CABLES CONNECTORS & CABLES
EV Charging Cable, IEC EV Charging Cable, Plug to EV Charging Cable, IEC
62196-2 Type 2 Plug to Free Free End, 3 Signal + 2 Power, 62196-2 Type 1 Receptacle
End, 3 Positions, 250 VAC, 120 VDC, 200 mm to Free End, 5 Positions, 250
5m VAC, 5 m, HV Series

Order Code Order Code Order Code

4062674 4149923 4142161

14) Energy Measurement

Energy measurement in EV charging manages and optimizes energy usage. It helps determine the percentage of total
energy usage derived from EV chargers by measuring the amount of energy transferred from the charging station to the
EV during a charging session. The standard procedure involves using a meter installed within the charging station. The
meter records the amount of electrical energy consumed during the charging session in kilowatt-hours (kWh), which is
then used to calculate the charging session cost based on the charging station operator’s rate per kWh.

Figure 9: Energy meter for EV charging

EM340DINAV23XO1X - A44 213-100 - ENERGY METSEPM5560 -

ENERGY METER METER ENERGY METER

Energy Meter, EM340 Series, Energy Meter, Modular, DIN Power Meter, PowerLogic
DIN Rail, Three Phase, Pulse Rail, Three Phase, 6 A, 57.7 PM5000 Series, Three Phase,
Output, 400 Vac to 500 Vac, Class B, Pulse 100Vac to 480Vac, Serial,
Output, Modbus Ethernet, Modbus, TCP

Order Code Order Code Order Code

2672861 2829460 2835418

18 Electric Vehicle Charging – A Comprehensive Guide

MCP3905A-I/SS - STPM33TR - ENERGY ATM90E26-YU-R -

ENERGY METERING METERING ENERGY METERING

AEC-Q100, Single Phase Single Phase Energy Single-Phase Active and

Energy Metering, 4.5 V to 5.5 Metering, 2.95 V to 3.65 V in, Apparent Energy Metering
V, SSOP-24 QFN-32 IC, 2.8 V to 3.6 V, SSOP-28,
-40 °C to 85 °C

Order Code Order Code Order Code

1439398 2435571 2851658

STPM34TR - ENERGY
METERING

Three Phase Energy

Metering, 2.95 V to 3.65 V in,
QFN-32

Order Code

2435572

15) Microcontroller
The MCU/MPU will play a key role in enabling a scalable future for EV charging, acting as a combination of system monitors
for data quality and charging levels while providing a secure gateway for insights into payment and vehicle data. The EV
charging station controller ensures high efficiency, accuracy, and security by connecting a simulated EVSE to a cloud-
based application. The controller supports device-to-cloud and cloud-to-device communications, accurate energy billing,
and one-tap NFC authentication. It connects to the cloud over Ethernet or WiFi. The controller board uses security
and external communications blocks for high-level communications and protocol stacks. It may also include contactless
communication for cashless payments and installation, commissioning, and maintenance.

TC377TX96F300SABKX- TC332LP32F300FAAKXU- TC365DP64F300WAAKX-

UMA1 - MCU/MPU MA1 - MCU/MPU UMA1 - MCU/MPU

32 Bit Microcontroller, 32 Bit Microcontroller, 32 Bit Microcontroller,

AURIX Family TC3xx Series AURIX Family TC33X Series AURIX Family TC3xx Series
Microcontrollers, TriCore, Microcontrollers, TriCore, Microcontrollers, TriCore,
32-bit, 300 MHz 32-bit, 300 MHz 32-bit, 300 MHz

Order Code Order Code Order Code

3625283 3779678RL 3625287

NCH-RSL15-512-101Q40- NCH-RSL15-284- K32W041AZ - MCU/MPU
ACG - MCU/MPU 101Q40-ACG - MCU/
MPU
32 Bit Microcontroller, RSL15 32 Bit Microcontroller, RSL15 MCU, 32BIT, 48MHZ,
Series Microcontrollers, ARM Series Microcontrollers, ARM HVQFN-40 ROHS
Cortex-M33, 32 bit, 48 MHz, Cortex-M33, 32 bit, 48 MHz, COMPLIANT: YES
512 KB 284 KB

Order Code Order Code Order Code

3879388 3879387 40AJ7313

SE050E2HQ1/Z01Z3Z - SE050C2HQ1/Z01SDZ -
MCU/MPU MCU/MPU

IOT Plug and Trust Secure IOT Plug & Trust Secure
Element, 1.62 to 3.6V Supply, Element, 1.62 V to 3.6 V, -40
HX2QFN-20, -40 to 105°C to 105 °C, HX2QFN-20

Order Code Order Code

4235985 3955231RL
 Electric Vehicle Charging – A Comprehensive Guide 19

3.4. Charger Connectivity Modules

Charging connectivity is crucial for an emission-free

future, enabling efficient electricity distribution between
vehicles and the power grid. This requires communication
between the vehicle, charging unit, and the power grid,
and connecting the vehicle to a smart home for comfort.
Bi-directional charging requires deeper interaction
within the vehicle, consumer, and energy provider. The
current battery state, user, or smart home requirements
must align with the available energy source and energy
provider, possibly including automated billing features.

Figure 10 depicts Infineon’s charging connectivity

solution; its product portfolio enables customers to
develop solutions that meet ISO15118 requirements
and beyond. Critical elements for creating a Charging
Connectivity module include the TPM module,
AURIX Microcontrollers family, WiFi/BT module, and
CAN transceiver. These elements ensure secure
communication, local storage and memory data updating,
and vehicle network connection.
Figure 10: EV charging gun

Charging Connectivity Cable Monitoring

+12V

Connector
Lock
Fast-Charger, Wallbox,

PLC/ETH
OPTIREG™ PMIC
Smarthome

Flap Lock

WiFi/BT

Status Indicator
Microcontroller LED LITIX™

CAN
Transceiver
Vehicle

WiFi/BT
Connection
Ethernet TPM OPTIGA™

Touch Screen
Interface
Interfacing Options

Figure 11: Charging connectivity block diagram

20 Electric Vehicle Charging – A Comprehensive Guide

The charger cable is a critical component in e-mobility, serving as a core element of the charging infrastructure,
forming the physical link between the charging station or wall box and the electric vehicle. It directly impacts EV
owners’ user experience and satisfaction with its ease of use, durability, and performance. The charger cables are
engineered with safety features to mitigate risks associated with charging. These cables are designed to withstand
diverse environmental conditions, including temperature variations and exposure to elements, ensuring the reliability
of assessing operations in different scenarios. Compatibility and standards are essential for charging cables, as they
adhere to specific standards, promoting interoperability and broadening the accessibility of charging Infrastructure.

3.5. Charger Communication Protocol

All DC chargers extensively communicate using the pilot connection between the EV and charger. Such communication
is needed for correct and complete mating, the initial state of charge, appropriate charge rate, and a cut-off when
completed or if a fault occurs, such as battery temperature becoming too high.

1) Wired communication

ST3222BTR - WIRED MAX3075EAPA+ - WIRED MAX3462ESA+ - WIRED

CONNECTIVITY CONNECTIVITY CONNECTIVITY

RS232 Transceiver, 2 Drivers, Transceiver, RS422, RS485, Transceiver RS422, RS485,

2 Receivers, 3V to 3.6V 1 Driver, 3 V to 3.6 V Supply, 4.75V-5.25V supply, 1 Driver,
Supply, TSSOP-20 DIP-8 NSOIC-8

Order Code Order Code Order Code

2849903 2765038 2511457

MC1489ADG - WIRED FT311D-32L1C-R - FT231XQ-R - WIRED
CONNECTIVITY WIRED CONNECTIVITY CONNECTIVITY

QUAD RECEIVER RS-232 14- USB Interface, USB Host USB Interface, USB-UART
PIN SOIC N RAIL Controller / Android Host, Converter, USB 2.0, 2.97 V,
USB 1.1, 2.0, 2.97 V, 3.63 V, 5.5 V, QFN, 20 Pins
LQFP, 32 Pins

Order Code Order Code Order Code

4185843 2285511 2081330

UPD720202K8- L9616 - WIRED BD41041FJ-CE2 - WIRED
701-BAA-A - WIRED CONNECTIVITY CONNECTIVITY
CONNECTIVITY
USB Interface, USB Host CAN Interface, CAN CAN Interface, CAN
Controller, USB 3.0, 3 V, 3.6 Transceiver, 1 Mbaud, 4.5 V, Transceiver, 1 Mbps, 4.75 V,
V, QFN, 48 Pins 5.5 V, SOIC, 8 Pins 5.25 V, SOP-J, 8 Pins

Order Code Order Code Order Code

3213721 2807108 3011368

BD41044FJ-CE2 - NCV7356D1R2G - MAX3100EPD+ - WIRED
WIRED CONNECTIVITY WIRED CONNECTIVITY CONNECTIVITY

CAN Interface, CAN FD CAN Interface, J2411, CAN UART Interface, Serial UART,
Transceiver, 5 Mbps, 4.75 V, Transceiver, 100 Kbps, 5 V, 1 Channels, 230 Kbaud, 2.7
5.25 V, SOP-J, 8 Pins 27 V, SOIC, 8 Pins V, 5.5 V, DIP

Order Code Order Code Order Code

3010877RL 2531204 2518788

 Electric Vehicle Charging – A Comprehensive Guide 21

SC16IS741AIPWJ - FT2232HQ-REEL - IS82C52Z - WIRED

WIRED CONNECTIVITY WIRED CONNECTIVITY CONNECTIVITY

UART Interface, Serial UART, UART Interface, Serial to UART Interface, Serial UART,
1 Channels, 5 Mbps, 3 V, 3.6 Parallel UART, 2 Channels, 1 Channels, 1 Mbaud, 4.5 V,
V, TSSOP 480 Mbps, 1.62 V, 1.98 V, 5.5 V, LCC
QFN

Order Code Order Code Order Code

2776220 1697462 3381528

L99PM62GXPTR - MAX20340EWL+ -
WIRED CONNECTIVITY WIRED CONNECTIVITY

POWER MANAGEMENT IC W/ Bidirectional DC Powerline

LIN/CAN, 150DEG C Communication Management
IC, 3.4 V to 5.5 V Supply,
WLP-9

Order Code Order Code

3367206 3291111

2) Wireless communication

BLUENRG-232 BLUENRG-345AT BLUENRG-M2SP

- WIRELESS - WIRELESS - WIRELESS
COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION
RF Transceiver, Bluetooth, RF Transceiver, 2.4 to 2.4835 BLUETOOTH MODULE, BLE
2400 MHz to 2483.5 MHz, GHz, 2 Mbps, -97 dBm, QFN- 5.0, 2.4835GHZ
GFSK, 2Mbps, 8dBm out, 32, -40 °C to 105 °C
1.7V to 3.6V, VFQFPN-32

Order Code Order Code Order Code

2771347 3678915 3387323

BGM210PB32JIA2 BGM111A256V2 BGM220SC22HNA2
- WIRELESS - WIRELESS - WIRELESS
COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION
Bluetooth Module, BLE 5.1, Blue Gecko Bluetooth® Bluetooth Module, V5.2,
2 Mbps, -94.1 dBm, 1.71 V to v4.2 Module, 2.4GHz, 1MBPS, 2Mbps, -98.6dBm, 1.8 V to
3.8 V, -40 °C to 125 °C 200M 3.8 V, -40 °C to 105 °C

Order Code Order Code Order Code

3625368 2687541 3566128

ENW89854A1KF 2611011024000 2608011024010
- WIRELESS - WIRELESS - WIRELESS
COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION
Bluetooth Module, Bluetooth Bluetooth Module, Proteus- Bluetooth Module, V5.0,
LE 5.1, 2.45Ghz, IEEE III, V5.1, 2.402 GHz to 2.48 Proteus-II, 2.402 GHz to
802.15.4, 1.7V to 5.5V GHz, 2 Mbps, -92 dBm, 1.8 2.48 GHz, 2 Mbps, -91 dBm,
V to 3.6 V 1.8 V to 3.6 V

Order Code Order Code Order Code

3359898 3499988 3499950

2611011024000 ZETA-NEP-LTE4 (EU) GSM2C2R - WIRELESS
- WIRELESS STARTER KIT - WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION
Bluetooth Module, Proteus- Modem, EDGE, GPRS, GSM, GSM Monitoring Module,
III, V5.1, 2.402 GHz to 2.48 LTE, UMTS, WCDMA, RS232/ Compact, Quad Band
GHz, 2 Mbps, -92 dBm, 1.8 USB, 150 Mbps, 33 dBm
V to 3.6 V

Order Code Order Code Order Code

3499988RL 3497812 3287165

22 Electric Vehicle Charging – A Comprehensive Guide

2615011136000 ENW49C02A3KF 453-00047C

- WIRELESS - WIRELESS - WIRELESS
COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION
GPS Receiver, ADC/I2C/SPI/ Wi-Fi Embedded b/g/n WLAN Module, Wi-
UART, 1.5 m, 2.3 V to 4.3 V, Module, 2x UART, 3V to 3.6V Fi+Bluetooth, Dual-Band
WIRL-CLTI Adrastea-I Series Supply, 1Mbps, -97dBm 2.4GHz & 5GHz, SDIO, UART,
Sensitivity Sterling LWB5+, Trace Pin

Order Code Order Code Order Code

4009257RL 2783826 3577641

DA16600MOD- RN171XVW-I/ ST25DV04K-
AAC4WA32 - WIRELESS RM - WIRELESS JFR8D3 - WIRELESS
COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION
WLAN Module, Wi- Wireless LAN Module, 802.11 RFID, READ/WRITE,
Fi+Bluetooth, RF 2.4GHz, b/g, Onboard TCP/IP Stack, 13.567MHZ, UFDFPN-12
I2C, SPI, UART, -40 °C to Wire Antenna
85 °C

Order Code Order Code Order Code

3703742 2144011 3364972

PN7150B0HN/ NLM0010XTSA1 N24RF04DTPT3G
C11002Y - WIRELESS - WIRELESS - WIRELESS
COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION
RFID, NFC Controller, Read, RFID, Read, Write, 13.56 RFID, Read, Write,
Write, 13.56 MHz, 1.65 V to MHz, 3 V to 5.5 V, SOT-23-5 13.553MHz to 13.567MHz,
1.95 V, HVQFN-40 4Kbit Memory, 1.8V to 5.5V
Supply, TSSOP-8

Order Code Order Code Order Code

2663167 3226924 2981117RL

CLRC66302HN,151 M24LR64E-
- WIRELESS RMC6T/2 - WIRELESS
COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION
RFID, NFC Frontend, Multi- RFID, Dynamic NFC Tag,
Protocol, Read, Write, 13.56 Read, Write, 13.567 MHz,
MHz, 8 KB, 3 V to 5.5 V, 64 Kbit, 1.8 V to 5.5 V,
HVQFN-32 UFDFPN-8

Order Code Order Code

2400511 2762693

3.6. Charger User Interface

The user interface is a crucial part of an EV charging

station, allowing users to input information and
control the charging process. Common types include
touchscreen interfaces, that display charging status,
time remaining, and cost; mobile app interfaces, that
allow users to control the charging process using a
smartphone or tablet; and RFID card reader interfaces,
that enable users to initiate a charging session by
swiping an RFID card or fob. These interfaces can be
integrated or connected to a separate device, providing
real-time information about the charging process. EV
charging stations can also incorporate or connect the
user interface to a different device, providing flexibility
in design and functionality.

Figure 12: User interface touchscreen panel

 Electric Vehicle Charging – A Comprehensive Guide 23

1) Display Interface

MAX7219EWG+T - MAX25221ATJ/V+ - AY0438-I/L - DISPLAY

DISPLAY INTERFACE DISPLAY INTERFACE INTERFACE

Display Driver, LED, 8 Digits, TFT-LCD Power Supply w/ Display Driver, LCD, 32
7 Segment, 4 to 5.5 V, 4 VCOM Buffer, 4-Channel, Segments, 3 V to 8.5 V,
Wire, Serial, -40 to 85 °C, 2.65 V to 5.5 V Supply, CMOS & TTL, Serial Interface,
WSOIC-24 TQFN-EP-32 LCC-44

Order Code Order Code Order Code

3404632 3501511 1467690

LC75874EHS-E - BU9797FUV-ME2 - PTN3816EWY - DISPLAY
DISPLAY INTERFACE DISPLAY INTERFACE INTERFACE

Display Driver, LCD, Serial, Display Driver, LCD 144 Interface, HDMI, I2C, Linear
264 Segments, 2.7 to 6 V, Segment, Multi-function, 2.5 Redriver, HWFLGA-36, -20
-40 to 85 °C, QFP-80 V to 5.5 V, Serial Interface, °C to 85 °C
TSSOP-48

Order Code Order Code Order Code

4193569 2546589 3912102
MAX3814CHJ+T - PI3HDX412BDZBE -
DISPLAY INTERFACE DISPLAY INTERFACE

Display Interface, FR-4 & Interface, HDMI, 1:2 Splitter/

Cable Equalizer/Driver, DVI, Demux, I2C, TQFN-56, -40
HDMI, 3 V to 3.6 V Supply, °C to 85 °C
TQFP-32

Order Code Order Code

2517394 3755386

2) Touchscreen controller

AD7879-1ACPZ-500R7 AD7843ARUZ-REEL7 CY8CMBR2016-24LQXI

- TOUCH SCREEN - TOUCH SCREEN - TOUCH SCREEN
CONTROLLER CONTROLLER CONTROLLER
Touch Screen Controller, I2C Touch Screen Digitizer, Touch Screen Controller
Interface, 12 Bit, 2 Channel, Serial, 12 Bit, 4 Channel, IC, 16 Buttons, CapSense
3.6 V, -40 to 85 °C, LFCSP- 2.2 to 5.25 V, -40 to 85 °C, Express, Serial Interface, 1.71
EP-16 TSSOP-16 V to 5.5 V, QFN-48

Order Code Order Code Order Code

4026118 4026115RL 2630767

CAP1298-1-A4-TR
- TOUCH SCREEN
CONTROLLER
Touch Screen/Proximity
Controller, 8-CH Capacitive,
I2C, SMBus Interface, 3V or
5.5V Supply, QFN-16

Order Code

2373292

4. CONCLUSION
This EV charging solution e-book is an in-depth resource for understanding EV charging systems. It covers various
charging technologies, from slow to fast, and offers insights into planning and deployment. The e-book explores key
components like EMI filters, power factor correction stages, and DC-DC converters. It also presents a curated product
selection from element14 and its channel partners, addressing current needs and paving the way for clean, efficient
mobility.
24 Electric Vehicle Charging – A Comprehensive Guide

For more resources on EV charging from element14, click on the below links:

e-techjournal ev-charging

Communication network Design Considerations EV Charging and Battery EV charging and

for electric vehicle for High-Efficiency EV Management System renewable energy for
charging Chargers sustainable transportation

EV Charging Standards: How SPI isolated How to boost Level-3 EV How to design a
Ensuring Compatibility communication helps charging with the proper Bidirectional Buck-
and Safety in the Charging BMS in EVs connectivity Boost Converter for EV
Process Application

Implementing Inter- Powering Up with Safety The benefits and Wireless Power Transfer:
Module Communications and Ease: The Art of EV challenges of electric A Convenient and
in EV Battery Systems Charger Design vehicles Efficient Solution for EV
Charging
 Electric Vehicle Charging – A Comprehensive Guide 25

Appendix – Associated Product Categories: element14 - EV Charging

Solution Product Portfolio Offering

Silicon Carbide Schottky Diodes Human Machine Interface - HMI

Electronic Circuit Breakers Touch Screen Controllers
Thermal Magnetic Circuit Breakers Bluetooth Modules & Adaptors
RCBO, RCD, GFCI, AFDD Circuit Breakers WLAN Modules & USB Adaptors
Silicon Carbide (SiC) MOSFET GSM, GPRS, CDMA & HSPA Modules & Modems
Fast & Ultrafast Recovery Rectifier Diodes Ethernet Modules & POE
Standard Recovery Rectifier Diodes RFID
DC / DC Controllers Motor Drivers / Controllers
MOSFET Solid State Relays EMC / RFI Suppression
Isolated Gate Drive Power Line Filters
Current sensing transformer EV charging connectors & cables
Power Relay Energy Meters
Single IGBTs Digital Panel Meters
TVS Diode EV Charging Stations
TVS Thyristors Charging Technology Sets
TVS Varistors Fans & Blowers
Surge Protectors Safety switches
Gate Drivers Enclosures, Rack & cabinet accessories
CAN Interfaces Microcontroller
Special function interface IC Microprocessors
Serial Communications RS232, RS485, RS422 Single Board Computer
USB Interfaces Programmable Logic Controller
UART Interfaces
HDMI / DVI / Display Port Interfaces
Display Drivers