International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Volume 9 Issue 3, May-Jun 2025 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470

Drones in Media and Entertainment

Matthew N. O. Sadiku1, Paul A. Adekunte2, Janet O. Sadiku3
1
Roy G. Perry College of Engineering, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, USA
2
International Institute of Professional Security, Lagos, Nigeria
3
Juliana King University, Houston, TX, USA

ABSTRACT How to cite this paper: Matthew N. O.

Drones are bringing about radical change in the worlds of agriculture, Sadiku | Paul A. Adekunte | Janet O.
inspection, real estate, and beyond. They have revolutionized the Sadiku "Drones in Media and
media and entertainment industry, offering new perspectives, Entertainment"
Published in
increased efficiency, and innovative storytelling possibilities. They
International Journal
have brought new creative ways, given cheaper choices, improved of Trend in
safety and ease of access, and made the overall quality of movies and Scientific Research
media projects better. The advent of drone cinematography has and Development
revolutionized filmmaking and video production, opening up new (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456- IJTSRD81054
creative possibilities. Drones are taking unmanned aerial 6470, Volume-9 |
photography services to new heights, making it an accessible hobby Issue-3, June 2025, pp.575-583, URL:
that anyone can get started in. In this paper, we will explore the role www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd81054.pdf
of drones in the media and entertainment industry.
Copyright © 2025 by author (s) and
KEYWORDS: drones, unmanned aircrafts, unmanned aerial vehicles International Journal of Trend in
(UAVs), unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), media and entertainment, Scientific Research and Development
M&E, M&E industry Journal. This is an
Open Access article
distributed under the
terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)

INTRODUCTION
The media and entertainment (M&E) industry use of drones to enhance the visual effects for the
encompasses a diverse range of businesses involved audience. Drones provide a unique perspective that
in the creation, production, distribution, and captures the energy and excitement of these events in
monetization of content across various platforms. a way that was not possible before. They bring a new
This includes film, television, music, gaming, sports, dimension to the viewing experience by offering
publishing, and digital media. With rapid dynamic shots that traditional cameras cannot
technological advancements and shifting consumer achieve. We have since witnessed drones playing
preferences, the industry continually evolves, increasingly vital roles in the production of many of
presenting both challenges and opportunities for Hollywood’s biggest film blockbusters [2]. Figure 1
professionals engaged in content creation, shows a typical use of drones [3].
distribution, and digital transformation strategies [1]. WHAT IS A DRONE?
One innovative tool that has revolutionized the At least three terms are used to describe drones,
industry is drone technology. High demand for drones
depending on how they are operated. The terms
has recently developed in a slightly unexpected include Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs),
market, the entertainment industry, where the purpose Unpiloted Aircraft System (UAS), and Remote
of drones is to enhance performance. Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS). The FAA defines
Drones offer a unique perspective and versatility that drones, also known as unmanned aerial vehicles
traditional filming methods cannot match. They have (UAVs), as any aircraft system without a flight crew
become a game-changer in various industries. These onboard. Drones include flying, floating, and other
flying marvels have made a significant impact on the devices, including unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs),
entertainment industry, particularly in ways that that can fly independently along set routes using an
might surprise you. Major live events such as onboard computer or follow commands transmitted
concerts and sports broadcasting have embraced the remotely by a pilot on the ground. A typical drone is

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
shown in Figure 2 [4]. A drone is usually controlled technology has opened up opportunities for better
remotely by a human pilot on the ground, as typically predictive maintenance, reduction in inspection times,
shown in Figure 3 [4]. Drones can range in size from and overall cost savings [7].
large military drones to smaller drones. Drones, DRONES IN MEDIA AND ENTERTAINMENT
previously used for military purposes, have started to Drones are no longer confined to construction sites or
be used for civilian purposes since the 2000s. Since technical projects. They have evolved into essential
then, drones have continued to be used in intelligence, tools for filmmakers, event organizers, and even
aerial surveillance, search and rescue, reconnaissance, theme parks. These unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)
and offensive missions as part of the military Internet are opening new creative possibilities in
of things (IoT). Today, drones are used for different
entertainment. They have revolutionized the
purposes such as aerial photography, surveillance, entertainment industry, changing the rules of the
agriculture, entertainment, healthcare, transportation, game as we knew it. Their ability to fly with
law enforcement, etc. precision, and capture images from impossible
Drones work much like other modes of air perspectives has transformed the way certain events
transportation, such as helicopters and airplanes. and audiovisual productions can be enjoyed.
When the engine is turned on, it starts up, and the The origins of drones can be traced back to World
propellers rotate to enable flight. The motors spin the War I. For many decades since then, drones have
propellers and the propellers push against the air
been extensively used for military purposes. Drones
molecules downward, which pulls the drone upwards.
were initially developed as military tools for
Once the drone is flying, it is able to move forward, surveillance and targeted air strikes. That history
back, left, and right by spinning each of the propellers makes many people around the world uncomfortable
at a different speed. Then, the pilot uses the remote
with their use in civilian settings. The US military
control to direct its flight from the ground [5],
first began developing and flying unmanned drones in
Drone laws exist to ensure a high level of safety in Afghanistan in 2000. In recent years, however, drones
the skies, especially near sensitive areas like airports. have also become increasingly popular in the
They also aim to address privacy concerns that arise entertainment industry. Drone technology is changing
when camera drones fly in residential areas. These the way movie makers operate, and it is literally
include the requirement to keep your drone within changing how Hollywood, the Mecca of movie-
sight at all times when airborne. In the United States, making, produces films for public consumption.
drones weighing less than 250g are exempt from Drones have become a hot commodity now, after
registration with civil aviation authorities. If your finally hitting the market and becoming accessible for
drone exceeds 250g in weight, you will also require a the average consumer to purchase [8].
Flyer ID, which requires passing a test [6]. It is APPLICATIONS OF DRONES IN MEDIA AND
necessary to register as an operator, be trained as a ENTERTAINMENT
pilot, and have civil liability insurance, in addition to Drones are used in filmmaking, advertising, news
complying with various flight regulations, and those coverage, and live events, enhancing visual
of the places where their use is permitted. experiences and capturing content that would be
Most drones have a limited payload, usually under 11 difficult or impossible with traditional methods.
pounds. Drones are classified according to their size. Common areas of application of drones in the M&E
Here are the different drone types: industry include the following [9-11]:
 Nano Drone: 80-100 mm  Aerial Photography and Cinematography:
 Micro Drone: 100-150 mm Photography and cinematography have reached
 Small Drone: 150-250 mm great new heights thanks to drone technology.
 Medium Drone: 250-400 mm Perhaps more than any other technological
 Large Drone: 400+ mm development of the past decade or two, the aerial
One of the emerging trends in drone use for factories photography provided by drone technology is
is the utilization of LiDAR technology. LiDAR stands having a massive impact on the way movies are
for Light Detection and Ranging. This technology made. Drones can go places that no other devices
provides accurate depth information essential for can, and in ways that even the most sophisticated
understanding the three-dimensional structure of the photography equipment simply cannot match. The
environment. LiDAR sensors emit laser beams to only thing even close to that would have been a
measure distances to objects, creating high-resolution helicopter shot, and helicopters are so big and
3D maps of the surrounding terrain and objects. The bulky that they simply cannot get into all the
ability to capture detailed data through LiDAR places that drones can, nor can they fly as low.

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Aerial cinematography involves the skill of shows. An example is the spectacle during the
capturing video or film footage from an elevated Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games, where more than
position using specialized equipment like 1,800 drones formed a dazzling floating globe
helicopters, balloons, or other aerial platforms, VIDEO. Figure 6 shows an example of light show
which may include drones. Equipped with using drones [13].
advanced cameras and stabilized gimbal systems,
 Live Broadcasts: Live broadcasts have reached
these drones enable filmmakers to achieve
new heights thanks to drones. Whether it is
cinematic shots from unique perspectives that
covering sports events, concerts, or even award
were previously inaccessible or prohibitively
shows, drones are revolutionizing how audiences
expensive. This technology has revolutionized
experience live entertainment. For example, in
cinematography by offering versatile tools for
sports like surfing, skiing, or motorsports, drones
creating visually stunning sequences and
can follow athletes in real-time, offering an up-
enhancing storytelling with dynamic aerial
close and personal view of the action without
perspectives. A typical drone used for aerial
being intrusive. Broadcasters are now able to
photography is shown in Figure 4 [12].
bring the audience right into the heart of the
 Film and Television: The film and TV industry action, capturing the intensity of a game or race
has changed much because of drone technology. from never-before-seen angles.
Using drones has become very important in
 Sports Broadcasting: Sports broadcasting has
making films and TV today because of the new
been revolutionized by the integration of drones,
creative chances they bring. Since the
offering a dynamic perspective that enhances the
establishment of the film industry, storytellers,
viewing experience. In outdoor recreation events
screenwriters, and producers have always looked
such as marathons and cycling races, drones
for ways to make movies all the more enjoyable.
provide stunning aerial shots that capture the
Filmmakers are increasingly relying on drones to
essence of the competition. Drones are now a
capture shots that would be difficult or dangerous
staple in advertising campaigns for sports events,
with traditional cameras. Before drones,
enabling brands to reach a vast audience through
achieving dramatic aerial views often required
captivating aerial footage. The ability to deliver
expensive helicopter rentals and extensive safety
real-time action from unique vantage points adds
measures. Drones have changed the game by
a new dimension to sports coverage, engaging
making it easier, safer, and more affordable to
audiences in ways previously unattainable.
capture breathtaking aerial footage. Drones allow
filmmakers to capture stunning aerial shots,  Theme Parks: Beyond live performances, drones
dynamic angles, and fluid camera movements, are being used in virtual reality (VR) experiences
creating more immersive and visually impactful within theme parks. Drones are increasingly
scenes. They enable filmmakers to access tight becoming a staple in the magical world of theme
spaces or tricky environments where traditional parks. Behind the scenes, skilled drone pilots
cameras cannot go. An example of film work tirelessly to capture breathtaking aerial shots
production using drones is shown in Figure 5 [2]. that seamlessly blend into the park's multimedia
 Live Shows: When you think of live content. Theme parks have always been about
entertainment, you might imagine traditional creating immersive experiences, and drones are
elements like lights, pyrotechnics, or dancers. now playing a vital role in enhancing that magic.
However, drones are now being used as actual Some theme parks are incorporating drones into
performers, choreographed to move in sync and their live-action stunt shows, using them to
create mesmerising visual spectacles. Drone light simulate flying objects, spaceships, or magical
shows, in particular, are taking the entertainment creatures. These drones are carefully
world by storm. They are often used during major synchronized with other effects, like sound and
events, such as sports games, music festivals, lighting, to create realistic and thrilling moments
New Year’s Eve celebrations or corporate for park visitors. From creating mesmerizing
celebrations, adding a new level of excitement. music videos to capturing behind-the-scenes
Drones equipped with LED lights create footage for virtual reality experiences, the
mesmerizing aerial displays and light shows, versatility of drones in theme parks is truly
enhancing live performances and creating remarkable.
unforgettable experiences. One of the most  Music Videos: Music videos have evolved
impressive developments in the world of significantly over the years, incorporating cutting-
entertainment is the use of drones to create light edge technology to enhance their visual appeal.

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With the advent of drones in photography, artists and conflict zones. Figure 7 show a quadcopter
are now able to capture stunning aerial shots that drone with a camera for new coverage [14].
were once only possible with expensive  Tourism and Hospitality: Drones have become a
helicopters or cranes. Incorporating drones into staple in travel and hospitality marketing, playing
music videos also allows for the creation of a crucial role in enticing travelers with visually
cinematic shots that rival those seen in appealing content. They capture stunning aerial
blockbuster films. The ability to soar above shots of destinations, resorts, and attractions,
cityscapes or natural landscapes adds a sense of offering potential tourists a sneak peek into the
grandeur and scale to the videos, immersing experiences that await them. These captivating
viewers in a virtual reality experience that feels visuals inspire travelers to plan their trips and
both intimate and expansive. The dynamic explore the world.
movements and sweeping panoramas captured by
drones add a sense of drama and excitement to the BENEFITS
visuals, elevating the overall production value of Drones bring a new dimension to the viewing
the video. experience by offering dynamic shots that traditional
cameras cannot achieve. They improve safety by
 Advertising: Drones have emerged as powerful reducing the need for human presence in hazardous
instruments for advertisers and marketers. Film filming locations. They offer flexibility and
and advertising have not been left behind in the accessibility, allowing for filming in hard-to-reach
adoption of drones. Their ability to capture places. With advancements in drone technology, live
images from previously impossible heights and event organizers can now create stunning aerial shots
angles has allowed filmmakers to create stunning, that add a dynamic element to the overall experience
dynamic shots without the need for expensive for viewers. One of the primary benefits of
helicopters or cranes. In advertising, drones are incorporating drones into film production is the cost-
used for creative on-location shoots, capturing effectiveness they offer compared to traditional aerial
footage in an innovative and aesthetically cinematography methods. Other benefits of drones in
appealing way. These advances have not only media and entertainment include the following [15-
reduced production costs but have opened up new 17]:
storytelling possibilities for content creators.
 Cost Savings: The low cost of using drones is a
 Journalism: In the United States, the unfiltered major benefit that makes them liked in the film
information that journalists provide to the public and media industry. Instead of having to rent out
serves as an important check on the country's expensive cranes or pay for high-cost helicopter
three branches of government: executive, rentals, a production crew can now use a
legislative, and judicial. Journalism has rapidly relatively low-cost drone to capture a higher-
evolved over the years thanks to advancements in quality shot on film and save a ton of money in
technology that have produced new tools and the process. The cost for renting a very capable
techniques for news gathering and dissemination. drone might only be 25% of the cost of renting
To date, data journalism and artificial intelligence other more expensive equipment, and the
have taken center stage in discussions on the resulting film would not be as good.
impact of technology on journalism. Drones have
proven to be powerful investigative journalism  Time Savings: In another big savings bonanza, the
tools. Drone journalism, which is the use of time needed to set up a shot with drones is
drones or unmanned aerial vehicles for news considerably less than it would be with any other
gathering, is on the rise across the African type of equipment, which is a godsend to
continent. Drone journalism provides a safer and independent filmmakers with limited resources.
more cost-effective way for journalists to capture Scenes that used to require 5 to 10 cameras and an
footage in dangerous or remote locations. Drones entire filming crew, can now be captured with
can be used to monitor natural disasters, capture less than 30 minutes of setup time, and only three
footage of conflict zones, and report on other crew members to pull it off.
events that require aerial coverage. Drone  Enhanced Aerial Perspectives: Incorporating
technology allows journalists to take footage of drones into corporate video production offers a
news events such as volcanic eruptions, war-torn revolutionary way to capture stunning aerial
villages, and natural disasters. Drones can be shots. Unlike traditional filming methods that rely
useful tools for obtaining aerial images and news on cranes or helicopters, drones can effortlessly
footage of areas that would otherwise be difficult glide through the air, providing unparalleled
to cover, such as those struck by natural disasters access to various altitudes and angles. This

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flexibility allows for the creation of dynamic and benefits, and are incorporating them as part of the
engaging visuals that were previously difficult or production process.
impossible to achieve.
CHALLENGES
 Real-Time Monitoring: Another important benefit While drones have opened up new creative
of using drones in making films and media is that possibilities in filmmaking and video production, they
they can show video while recording. Drones also present a unique set of challenges and limitations
have live feeds so directors and camera operators that must be addressed. Although drones are a
can watch what the drone sees instantly. This relatively cost-effective method of obtaining aerial
helps them to change the shots immediately as footage, they can still be prohibitively expensive for
needed. This real-time watching makes sure the smaller newsrooms, particularly the high cost of
right angles and compositions are achieved, training journalists on how to use them safely. As
lessening the need for reshooting and saving drones continue to shape the entertainment industry,
important production time. the demand for skilled pilots is on the rise. Other
 Flexibility and Accessibility: One of the most challenges of drones in media and entertainment
significant advantages of using drones in include the following [18,19]:
corporate video production is their remarkable  Privacy: Privacy is a fundamental human right
flexibility. Drones can effortlessly navigate and its protection is crucial to the preservation of
various environments, from urban landscapes to other rights, like freedom of expression and the
rugged terrains, enabling filmmakers to capture right to personal security. Despite the risk of these
footage from virtually any location. Unlike regulations being weaponized against journalists,
traditional camera setups that are often limited by there are key questions around the need to protect
ground-based constraints, drones can soar above privacy when promoting the use of drones.
obstacles and provide unique perspectives that Although there might be legitimate newsgathering
enhance the visual appeal of corporate videos. interests, citizens do have a reasonable
 Engaging Storytelling: Drones have expectation of privacy. There are concerns that, in
revolutionized corporate video production by the absence of adequate legal protections, drones
adding dynamic elements that were previously could be used to surveil citizens.
hard to achieve. Their ability to capture smooth,  Safety: Drones can be dangerous. There have
sweeping shots from various angles introduces a been a rash of incidents, mostly involving drones
new level of cinematic quality to corporate operated by hobbyists. It is crucial for filmmakers
videos. This dynamic range of motion helps in and video production teams to prioritize legal and
creating more engaging and visually appealing safety considerations. Safety concerns are
content. paramount when operating drones on film sets or
 Advertising: Drones offer a unique perspective for during live-streaming events. These unmanned
showcasing products and locations, making ads aerial vehicles can pose risks to crew members,
more engaging and visually appealing. Drones in actors, and bystanders if not operated properly.
the cinema and advertising industry have not been Comprehensive safety protocols, risk
left behind in the adoption of drones. assessments, and experienced pilots are crucial to
 Drone Pilot: The secret to succeeding as a drone mitigating potential hazards and ensuring a safe
pilot for film and video production stems from working environment. Filmmakers must ensure
one thing: a passion for aviation, technology, and that their drone pilots are properly certified and
photography. Becoming a drone pilot is the trained to operate drones safely and legally,
perfect way to combine all of these interests. mitigating potential risks.
Pilots must acquire numerous flight hours,  Ethics: Journalism ethics require that a balance be
advanced operating and flying skills, familiarity struck between the right to privacy and
with given equipment and obtain relevant FAA journalists’ duty to inform the public. Provision to
certifications. laws regulating drone use would help strike the
 Ubiquitous Utilization: As with any new necessary balance between safeguarding citizens’
technology, it has taken a little while for drone privacy and allowing journalists to pursue their
usage to catch on, but now that it has; it is investigations freely. This potentially prevents
seemingly everywhere, both in television and in journalists from reporting on public interest
movie scenes. Because the potential applications stories that take place on private property.
for drone videography is virtually limitless, more Journalists should be trained to use drones safely
and more studios are becoming aware of the and to apply ethical standards.

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 Regulations: Legal restrictions and regulations audience. As drone technology keeps getting better,
play a vital role in the use of drones for film we can look forward to more creative and amazing
production and content creation. Regulation can uses of drones in film and media.
also be used to shut down access to this With advancements in drone technology, live event
technology entirely. In many countries and organizers can now create stunning aerial shots that
jurisdictions, there are strict rules governing add a dynamic element to the overall experience for
where drones can fly. In Kenya, for example, viewers. Only time will tell how drones will continue
civilian drone use was banned between March to change media and entertainment as we know it.
2019 and November 2020, due to privacy The future of drone cinematography holds exciting
concerns. Now that the ban has been lifted, drone possibilities as technology continues to evolve and
use remains impeded by a lengthy and expensive push boundaries. Advancements in camera
registration process, which can cost thousands of technology, such as higher resolution sensors,
dollars. Similarly, in Nigeria, drone licensing improved dynamic range, and better low-light
costs can be prohibitively expensive for smaller performance, will further enhance the quality of drone
newsrooms. footage. More information about drones in the media
 Weather: One of the most significant challenges and entertainment industry can be found in the books
is the impact of weather conditions. Drones are in [20-23].
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Figure 1 A typical use of drones [3].

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Figure 2 A typical drone [4].

Figure 3 A drone is usually controlled by operators on the ground [4].

Figure 4 A typical drone used for aerial photography [12].

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD81054 | Volume – 9 | Issue – 3 | May-Jun 2025 Page 582
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Figure 5 An example of film production using drones [2].

Figure 6 An example of light show using drones [13].

Figure 7 A quadcopter drone with a camera for new coverage [14].

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD81054 | Volume – 9 | Issue – 3 | May-Jun 2025 Page 583