Two weeks Industrial Training Report Submitted to

Regional Institute of e-Learning & Information Technology,(RIELIT) Agartala

Submitted by Your Name & Department Of

Women's Polytechnic Hapania, P.O. Amtali via Shekerkote Agartala, Tripura (West) Pin:-799130 Phone/Fax:- 0381-2376814

On Website Designing, Hosting &Maintenance

Contents

Abstract
This report consists of my experiences, what I have gained and what I have learnedduring this industrial training at Regional Institute of e-Learning & Information Technology (RIELIT), Agartala for 2 (two) weeks since October10th, 2011 until October21st, 2011.This report consists of three main parts: 1. 2. 3. Institute Profile Industrial Training Activities Summary & Conclusion

These parts of report is based exactly on what I have learned during this period and itwill consists of skill, techniques, knowledge what I gained and I applied in thisinstitute towards completion of my task assigned during the training .

Declaration
I hereby declare that all the material in this report is from my own effort, knowledge,skill, learn and experienced during two weeks I had my industrial training at RIELIT, Agartala.

SIGNATURE: NAME:

DATE:

APPROVED BY:

SIGNATURE: ABHIJIT DEBNATH Scientist B

SIGNATURE: NILADRI DAS Scientist C

Acknowledgement

CHAPTER 1 INSTITUTE PROFILE

The Regional Institute of e-Learning & Information Technology (RIELIT), Agartala is a unit of the DOEACC Society, an autonomous Scientific Society of the Dept. of Information Technology, Ministry of Communications and th Information Technology, Govt. of India.RIELIT, Agartala is the 11 Centre of the DOEACC Society in the country and th the 5 in the North Eastern Region. The other Centers of the DOEACC Society are located at (1) Aizawl, (2) Aurangabad, (3) Calicut, (4) Chandigarh, (5) Jammu/ Srinagar, (6) Gorakhpur, (7) Guwahati/ Tezpur, (8) Imphal, (9) Kohima (RIELIT), and (10) Kolkata. The DOEACC Society also has a Southern Regional Office at Pudukottai in Tamil Nadu. The Initial Training Facility of RIELIT, Agartala at the Directorate of IT Campus, Indranagar, ITI Road, Agartala 799 006, has been inaugurated on 10th February2009 and is operational with various training programs like ITES (Customer Care) training, w.e.f. December2008 and DOEACC O & A level training programs in IT Software and Hardware w.e.f. February2009, Various Short term courses w.e.f.May2010and BCA (affiliated to Tripura University) w.e.f July 2011. The temporary training facility of RIELIT, Agartala already commissioned in the nearly 7,000 sq. ft. of built up area located at two buildings namely, (1) 2nd Floor of Directorate of Information Technology Building and (2) the adjacent SEPT building have the following infrastructure. It has the capacity to train about 200+ trainees annually.

CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION TO TRAINING PROGRAM

2.1PURPOSE OF TRAINING The key objective of this course Industrial Training is for the student to getexposure to familiarize oneself with and ultimately prepare the student for theengineering market. As such, it is hoped that the student would be more matureand prepared to work in the engineering field upon award of diploma from theuniversity. Moreover, this course is aimed at also giving the student sufficientconfidence to cope with the pressures of accomplishing a task within a limited period of two weeks. This isachieved by positive interaction by the student with the training mentor & the domain knowledge they already possess. Also, the student will also learn many hiddenaspects of engineering which was not covered during lectures but rather learntthrough hands on experience. The scope of work covered during this tenurewas to gather extensive knowledge inwebsite domain registration process, web hosting and website designing.

1.2 Definitions of some technical terms - terms like website, hosting, domain name registration process ,etc

A website, also written as Web site, website, or simply site, is a set of related web pages containing content (media), including text, video, music, audio, images, etc. A website is hosted on at least one web server, accessible via a network such as the Internet or a private local area network through an Internet address known as a Uniform Resource Locator. All publicly accessible websites collectively constitute the World Wide Web. A webpage is a document, typically written in plain text interspersed with formatting instructions of Hypertext Markup Language (HTML, XHTML). A webpage may incorporate elements from other websites with suitable markup anchors. Webpages are accessed and transported with the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which may optionally employ encryption (HTTP Secure, HTTPS) to provide security and privacy for the user of the webpage content. The user's application, often a web browser, renders the page content according to its HTML markup instructions onto a display terminal. The pages of a website can usually be accessed from a simple Uniform Resource Locator (URL) called the homepage. The URLs of the pages organize them into a hierarchy, although hyperlinking between them conveys the reader's perceived site structure and guides the reader's navigation of the site. Some websites require a subscription to access some or all of their content. Examples of subscription websites include many business sites, parts of news websites, academic journal websites, gaming websites, file-sharing websites, message boards, web-based email, social networking websites, websites providing real-time stock market data, and websites providing various other services (e.g., websites offering storing and/or sharing of images, files and so forth).

A web hsting service is a type of Internet hosting service that allows individuals and organizations to make their own website accessible via the World Wide Web. Web hosts are companies that provide space on a server they own or lease for use by their clients as well as providing Internet connectivity, typically in a data center. Web hosts can also provide data center space and connectivity to the Internet for servers they do not own to be located in their data center, called collocation or Housing as it is commonly called in Latin America or France. The scope of web hosting services varies greatly. The most basic is web page and small-scale file hosting, where files can be uploaded via File Transfer Protocol (FTP) or a Web interface. The files are usually delivered to the Web "as is" or with little processing. Many Internet service providers (ISPs) offer this service free to their subscribers. People can also obtain Web page

hosting from other, alternative service providers. Personal web site hosting is typically free, advertisement-sponsored, or inexpensive. Business web site hosting often has a higher expense. Single page hosting is generally sufficient only for personal web pages. A complex site calls for a more comprehensive package that provides database support and application development platforms (e.g. PHP, Java, Ruby on Rails, ColdFusion, and ASP.NET). These facilities allow the customers to write or install scripts for applications like forums and content management. For ecommerce, SSL is also highly recommended. The host may also provide an interface or control panel for managing the Web server and installing scripts as well as other modules and service applications like e-mail. Some hosts specialize in certain software or services (e.g. e-commerce). They are commonly used by larger companies to outsource network infrastructure to a hosting company.

A domain name registry is a database of all domain names registered in a top-level domain. A registry operator, also called a network information center (NIC), is the part of the Domain Name System (DNS) of the Internet that keeps the database of domain names, and generates the zone files which convert domain names to IP addresses. Each NIC is an organization that manages the registration of Domain names within the top-level domains for which it is responsible, controls the policies of domain name allocation, and technically operates its toplevel domain. It is potentially distinct from a domain name registrar. Domain names are managed under a hierarchy headed by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), which manages the top of the DNS tree by administrating the data in the root name servers. IANA also operates the .int registry for intergovernmental organizations, the .arpa zone for protocol administration purposes, and other critical zones such as root-servers.net. IANA delegates all other domain name authority to other domain name registries such as Afilias and VeriSign. Country code top-level domains (ccTLD) are delegated by IANA to national registries such as DENIC in Germany and Nominet in the United Kingdom.

Web design is the process of planning and creating a website. Text, images, digital media and interactive elements are used by web designers to produce the page seen on the web browser. Web designers utilize markup language, most notably HTML for structure and CSS for presentation as well as JavaScript to add interactivity to develop pages that can be read by web browsers.

As a whole, the process of web design can include conceptualization, planning, producing, postproduction, research, and advertising. The site itself can be divided up into pages. The site is navigated by using hyperlinks, which are commonly blue and underlined but can be made to look like anything the designer wishes. Images can also be hyperlinks.

Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) is the main markup language for web pages. HTML elements are the basic building-blocks of webpages. HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags enclosed in angle brackets (like <html>), within the web page content. HTML tags most commonly come in pairs like <h1> and </h1>, although some tags, known as empty elements, are unpaired, for example <img>. The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag (they are also called opening tags and closing tags). In between these tags web designers can add text, tags, comments and other types of text-based content. The purpose of a web browser is to read HTML documents and compose them into visible or audible web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page. HTML elements form the building blocks of all websites. HTML allows images and objects to be embedded and can be used to create interactive forms. It provides a means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items. It can embed scripts in languages such as JavaScript which affect the behavior of HTML webpages. Web browsers can also refer to Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) to define the appearance and layout of text and other material. The W3C, maintainer of both the HTML and the CSS standards, encourages the use of CSS over explicitly presentational HTML markup.

XHTML (eXtensible HyperText Markup Language) is a family of XML markup languages that mirror or extend versions of the widely-used Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), the language in which web pages are written. While HTML (prior to HTML5) was defined as an application of Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), a very flexible markup language framework, XHTML is an application of XML, a more restrictive subset of SGML. Because XHTML documents need to be well-formed, they can be parsed using standard XML parsersunlike HTML, which requires a lenient HTML-specific parser. XHTML 1.0 became a World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Recommendation on January 26, 2000. XHTML 1.1 became a W3C Recommendation on May 31, 2001. XHTML5 is undergoing development as of September 2009, as part of the HTML5 specification.

Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable. It is defined in the XML 1.0 Specification produced by the W3C, and several other related specifications, all gratis open standards. The design goals of XML emphasize simplicity, generality, and usability over the Internet. It is a textual data format with strong support via Unicode for the languages of the world. Although the design of XML focuses on documents, it is widely used for the representation of arbitrary data structures, for example in web services. Many application programming interfaces (APIs) have been developed for software developers to use to process XML data, and several schema systems exist to aid in the definition of XMLbased languages. As of 2009, hundreds of XML-based languages have been developed, including RSS, Atom, SOAP, and XHTML. XML-based formats have become the default for many office-productivity tools, including Microsoft Office (Office Open XML), OpenOffice.org (Open Document), and Apple's iWork. XML has also been employed as the base language for communication protocols, such as XMPP.

PHP is a general-purpose server-side scripting language originally designed for web development to produce dynamic web pages. It is among one of the first developed server-side scripting languages to be embedded into an HTML source document, rather than calling an external file to process data. Ultimately, the code is interpreted by a web server with a PHP processor module which generates the resulting web page. It also has evolved to include a command-line interface capability and can be used in standalone graphical applications. PHP can be deployed on most web servers and also as a standalone shell on almost every operating system and platform free of charge. A competitor to Microsoft's Active Server Pages (ASP) server-side script engine and similar languages, PHP is installed on more than 20 million websites and 1 million web servers. PHP was originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995. The main implementation of PHP is now produced by The PHP Group and serves as the formal reference to the PHP language. PHP is free software released under the PHP License, which is incompatible with the GNU General Public License (GPL) due to restrictions on the usage of the term PHP. While PHP originally stood for "Personal Home Page", it is now said to stand for "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor", a recursive acronym.

JavaScript is a prototype-based scripting language that is dynamic, weakly typed and has firstclass functions. It is a multi-paradigm language, supporting object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming styles.

JavaScript was formalized in the ECMAScript language standard and is primarily used in the form of client-side JavaScript, implemented as part of a Web browser in order to provide enhanced user interfaces and dynamic websites. This enables programmatic access to computational objects within a host environment. JavaScript's use in applications outside Web pages for example in PDF documents, sitespecific browsers, and desktop widgets is also significant. Newer and faster JavaScript VMs and frameworks built upon them (notably Node.js) have also increased the popularity of JavaScript for server-side web applications. JavaScript uses syntax influenced by that of C. JavaScript copies many names and naming conventions from Java, but the two languages are otherwise unrelated and have very different semantics. The key design principles within JavaScript are taken from the Self and Scheme programming languages.

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used to describe the presentation semantics (the look and formatting) of a document written in a markup language. Its most common application is to style web pages written in HTML and XHTML, but the language can also be applied to any kind of XML document, including plain XML, SVG and XUL. CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content (written in HTML or a similar markup language) from document presentation, including elements such as the layout, colors, and fonts. This separation can improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification of presentation characteristics, enable multiple pages to share formatting, and reduce complexity and repetition in the structural content (such as by allowing for tableless web design). CSS can also allow the same markup page to be presented in different styles for different rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice (when read out by a speech-based browser or screen reader) and on Braille-based, tactile devices. It can also be used to allow the web page to display differently depending on the screen size or device on which it is being viewed. While the author of a document typically links that document to a CSS style sheet, readers can use a different style sheet, perhaps one on their own computer, to override the one the author has specified. CSS specifies a priority scheme to determine which style rules apply if more than one rule matches against a particular element. In this so-called cascade, priorities or weights are calculated and assigned to rules, so that the results are predictable. The CSS specifications are maintained by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Internet media type (MIME type) text/css is registered for use with CSS by RFC 2318 (March 1998).

Active Server Pages (ASP), also known as Classic ASP or ASP Classic, was Microsoft's first server-side script engine for dynamically-generated Web pages. Initially released as an add-on to

Internet Information Services (IIS) via the Windows NT 4.0 Option Pack (ca. 1998), it was subsequently included as a free component of Windows Server (since the initial release of Windows 2000 Server). ASP.NET has superseded ASP. ASP 2.0 provided six built-in objects: Application, ASP Error, Request, Response, Server, and Session. Session, for example, represents a cookie-based session that maintains the state of variables from page to page. The Active Scripting engine's support of the Component Object Model (COM) enables ASP Websites to access functionality in compiled libraries such as DLLs.

The clientserver model is a computing model that acts as distributed application which partitions tasks or workloads between the providers of a resource or service, called servers, and service requesters, called clients.[1] Often clients and servers communicate over a computer network on separate hardware, but both client and server may reside in the same system. A server machine is a host that is running one or more server programs which share their resources with clients. A client does not share any of its resources, but requests a server's content or service function. Clients therefore initiate communication sessions with servers which await incoming requests.

Schematic clients-server interaction. The clientserver characteristic describes the relationship of cooperating programs in an application. The server component provides a function or service to one or many clients, which initiate requests for such services. Functions such as email exchange, web access and database access, are built on the clientserver model. Users accessing banking services from their computer use a web browser client to send a request to a web server at a bank. That program may in turn forward the request to its own database client program that sends a request to a database server at another bank computer to retrieve the account information. The balance is returned to the bank database client, which in turn serves it back to the web browser client displaying the results to the user. The clientserver model has become one of the central ideas of network computing. Many business applications being written today use the clientserver model. So do the Internet's main application protocols, such as HTTP, SMTP, Telnet, and DNS. The interaction between client and server is often described using sequence diagrams. The Unified Modeling Language has support for sequence diagrams.

Specific types of clients include web browsers, email clients, and online chat clients. Specific types of servers include web servers, ftp servers, application servers, database servers, name servers, mail servers, file servers, print servers, and terminal servers. Most web services are also types of servers.

In the context of client-server architecture, a server is a computer program running to serve the requests of other programs, the "clients". Thus, the "server" performs some computational task on behalf of "clients". The clients either run on the same computer or connect through the network. In most common use, server is a physical computer (a computer hardware system) dedicated to running one or more such services (as a host),[1] to serve the needs of users of the other computers on the network. Depending on the computing service that it offers it could be a database server, file server, mail server, print server, web server, or other. In the context of Internet Protocol (IP) networking, a server is a program that operates as a socket listener.[2] Servers often provide essential services across a network, either to private users inside a large organization or to public users via the Internet. For example, when you enter a query in a search engine, the query is sent from your computer over the internet to the servers that store all the relevant web pages. The results are sent back by the server to your computer.

1.3 Training Activities - Mention about the various controls included in webs account towards creation of your website at webs.com - Mention separately about blog created at wordpress

CHAPTER THREE CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION - Mention the outcome of your training & the address of your live websites & blog - Knowledge gained during this period -overall benefit of having a website & blog -Future work & promise towards work done

http://subhrajit2majumder.webs.com/apps/blog/