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Water Engineering Course Work

The document summarizes several main and auxiliary water treatment unit operations: Sedimentation, flotation, and filtration are physical processes that remove solids from water through settling or floating of particles. Disinfection uses chemical or non-chemical agents to inactivate pathogenic microorganisms through a biological process. Screening removes large particles early in treatment through a physical screening process. Coagulation and flocculation are chemical auxiliary processes that enable smaller particles to be removed by sedimentation by binding particles together.

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93 views

Water Engineering Course Work

The document summarizes several main and auxiliary water treatment unit operations: Sedimentation, flotation, and filtration are physical processes that remove solids from water through settling or floating of particles. Disinfection uses chemical or non-chemical agents to inactivate pathogenic microorganisms through a biological process. Screening removes large particles early in treatment through a physical screening process. Coagulation and flocculation are chemical auxiliary processes that enable smaller particles to be removed by sedimentation by binding particles together.

Uploaded by

Necmi Hoca
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A Main unit operations Sedimentation or Flotation Filtration Disinfection Auxiliary unit operations Coagulation, Flocculation Screening Mixing Aeration

Sedimentation Settlement of suspended solids under gravity is sedimentation. There might not be suitable conditions for the settlement of the solids. The process of sedimentation is therefore means to produce suitable conditions for the settlement. This process is a physical action of water treatment processes. According to the particle sizes there are 3 main categories of settling in the sedimentation process. These are; Discrete settling, Flocculent settling and Hindered settling. This process is related with supplementary processes which are coagulation and flocculation processes. These processes are used to group particles into flocs of a bigger size in order to make sedimentation feasible by increasing the settling speed of particles. Flotation By using fine air bubbles, the particles are made to come to surface of the water and float at the surface. Thus they can be removed by the process called flotation which is also a physical action. Flotation is an alternative method of sedimentation. Filtration There is a filter medium used in this process. This medium is the place where the particles are collected. This process is effective for removing particulates such as algae and colloidal clay materials, provided that proper design parameters are used. This process is generally applied immediately after the sedimentation process in order to filter the unsettled flocs from the sedimentation. This type of treatment is a physical action. Disinfection By using either chemical or non-chemical agents, the pathogenic micro-organisms can be inactivated. This process is called disinfection and it is a biological action of water treatments. Screening This is the initial operation of the water treatment. This process aims to remove relatively large particles to prevent clogging of pipes. This process is completely a physical action.

Coagulation-Flocculation Sedimentation is possible for particle sizes of minimum 50 m. The smaller particles have lower settling velocities therefore sedimentation is not possible. Coagulation and flocculation process aims to enable small particles to be collected by sedimentation. Flocculation process increases the rate of particles so they become settleable solids. Coagulation process produces bulky solid particles which are also for sedimentation. These processes are chemical processes and are auxiliary unit operations. Mixing This process is applied before coagulation process in order to increase the efficiency of chemicals added for coagulation. Aeration This process aims to increase the dissolved oxygen content of the water and to reduce carbon dioxide content. Therefore this process is essential especially for the treatment of acidic water sources B Key water quality parameters influenced by the process of; Sedimentation or flotation: Filtration: Disinfection: Turbidity, pH, Temperature (Physical). Organics and Inorganics (Chemical). However the main influent characteristic by this process is microbial component of the water. (ie. Biological). Coagulation-Flocculation: Flocculation process mainly aims to make water clear therefore primarily influenced quality parameter is turbidity. Aeration: Mixing: Screening:

C i) openlearn.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=399252&section=4.7

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