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Binary Tree

A binary tree is a data structure made up of nodes connected in a hierarchical manner. Each node contains data and pointers to its left and right child nodes. A binary search tree is a type of binary tree where nodes are arranged in a sorted order, allowing for fast lookup. Heaps are binary trees where each node's value is greater than or equal to its children, allowing for fast maximum value retrieval.

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Mohit Jain
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218 views

Binary Tree

A binary tree is a data structure made up of nodes connected in a hierarchical manner. Each node contains data and pointers to its left and right child nodes. A binary search tree is a type of binary tree where nodes are arranged in a sorted order, allowing for fast lookup. Heaps are binary trees where each node's value is greater than or equal to its children, allowing for fast maximum value retrieval.

Uploaded by

Mohit Jain
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Binary Tree

Definition: A binary tree is a finite set of nodes which is either empty or consists of a root and two disjoint binary trees called the left subtree and the right subtree. A binary tree is made of nodes, where each node contains a left pointer, a right pointer, and a data element. The root pointer points to the topmost node in the tree. The left and right pointers recursively point to smaller subtrees on either side. A null pointer represents a binary tree with no elements -- the empty tree The formal recursive definition is: a binary tree is either empty (represented by a null pointer), or is made of a single node, where the left and right pointers (recursive definition ahead) each point to a binary tree. A binary search tree (BST) or ordered binary tree is a type of binary tree where the nodes are arranged in order: for each node, all elements in its left subtree are less-or-equal to the node (<=), and all the elements in its right subtree are greater than the node (>). Basically, binary search trees are fast at insert and lookup. On average, a binary search tree algorithm can locate a node in an N node tree in order log(n) time (log base 2). Therefore, binary search trees are good for dictionary problems where the code inserts and looks up information indexed by some key. The log(n) behavior is the average case -- it's possible for a particular tree to be much slower depending on its shape. The last tree out of major kinds of trees is a heap. A heap is a tree in which each node's children have values less than or equal to node's value. Consequently, the root node always has the largest value in the tree, which means that it's possible to find the maximum value in constant time: Simply return the root value. So, if extraction the max value needs to be fast, we should use a heap.

A full binary tree.is a binary tree in which each node has exactly zero or two children.

A complete binary tree is a binary tree, which is completely filled, with the possible exception of the bottom level, which is filled from left to right.

complete binary tree A complete binary tree is a binary tree with the additional property that every node must have exactly two ``children'' if an internal node, and zero children if a leaf node. More precisely: for our base case, the complete binary tree of exactly one node is simply the tree consisting of that node by itself. The property of being ``complete'' is preserved if, at each step, we expand the tree by connecting exactly zero or two individual nodes (or complete binary trees) to any node in the tree (but both must be connected to the same node.)

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