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Plant Structure

The document discusses plant structure and describes the main plant organs: 1. Roots absorb water and minerals, come in two types (tap or fibrous), and have four layers - outer root hairs, root cap, cortex, and stele. 2. Stems transport water and minerals, come in woody or herbaceous, and also have four layers - epidermis, cortex, endodermis, and stele. Dicots and monocots differ in vascular bundle arrangement. 3. Leaves perform photosynthesis and gas exchange, have upper and lower epidermis and palisade and spongy mesophyll layers. 4. Flowers are reproductive,

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Yoga Trista Majid
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176 views

Plant Structure

The document discusses plant structure and describes the main plant organs: 1. Roots absorb water and minerals, come in two types (tap or fibrous), and have four layers - outer root hairs, root cap, cortex, and stele. 2. Stems transport water and minerals, come in woody or herbaceous, and also have four layers - epidermis, cortex, endodermis, and stele. Dicots and monocots differ in vascular bundle arrangement. 3. Leaves perform photosynthesis and gas exchange, have upper and lower epidermis and palisade and spongy mesophyll layers. 4. Flowers are reproductive,

Uploaded by

Yoga Trista Majid
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PLANT STRUCTURE

Plant has structure like animal and human. The plant has organ:

1. Root

The function or root: Absorbing water and mineral salt Supporting plant body Storage of food Helping respiration Generally root has structure like this figure:

Root hair

Root cap

Dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous have different root type. Dicotyledonous has tap rot but monocotyledonous has fibrous root. Tap root has mainly roots but fibrous root does not have mainly roots, all of roots are fibrous.
Mainly root

Tap root

Fibrous root

OUTER MOST STRUCTURE a. Root hairs, absorbs mineral and water. b. Root cap, keeps cap of root. It has soft and damaged easily. It produces enzyme to help root penetrates soil so the roots can enter easily.

INNER MOST STRUCTURE

From outer into inner layer


a. b. c. d. Epidermis, outer layer. It keeps tissues under this layer. It consists of one layer, thin wall and semipermiable. Cortex, is composed many layers, inter cell gaps for exchanging gas. It also consists parenchyma tissues for storing food and water. Endodermis, one layer under cortex. it controls mineral and water. It has casparian strip. This part blocks fluid passed from soil by passing cell wall, so it flows by passing cytoplasm. Stele, it consists pericycle and vascular bundles (phloem and xylem). The pericycle is composed parenchyma tissue. In dicotyledonous regular vascular bundles but monocotyledonous has spread vascular bundles. Between phloem and xylem it has cambium. The function of phloem carries the product of photosynthesis and xylem carries mineral and water.

The structure of root

The function of stem: Transporting mineral and water to leave Storing food The structure of stem: a. OUTER MOST STRUCTURE Woody stem has characters like woody, brown, hard. It has lenticels. The function of lenticels is changing gas in plant. Herbaceous plant, softly, has chlorophyll. b. INNER MOST STRUCTURE The structure likes root The layer from outer into inner: Epidermis cortex endodermis stele Dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous have different stem structure The character dicotyledonous Monocotyledonous Location of vascular bundles regular Spread cambium presence Nothing Growth lengthen and enlargement lengthen

2. Stem

Dicotyledonous stem

Monocotyledonous stem

3. Leaf

The function of leaf Having photosynthesis Exchanging gas The structure of leave a. OUTER MOST STUCTURE

The outermost structure of leaf

Generally leaf has characters like flat, width, and green. Many of plant has leaf like needle (pine and cactus)

The morphology of leaf:

According to its amount of leave a. Simple leaf, one leaf in one petiole b. Compound leaf, many leave in one petiole

Simple leaf

Compound leaf

According to shape According to vein According to margin

The morphology of leaf

b.

INNER MOST STUCTURE

The structure of leaf

The structure of innermost leaf

a. Epidermis, the outer layer. The epidermis has upper epidermis and lower epidermis. It has stomata for place that exchanged gas from environment and its body. b. Palisade, the cell is long. It contains of chloroplast so it can get photosynthesis. c. Spongy tissue, the shape likes spongy and it is happen photosynthesis. d. Vascular bundles, it is located in spongy tissue.

4. FLOWER

The function of flower Reproductive organ The structure of flower

The structure of flower

a. Sepal, one circle of sepal is called calyx The function keeps flower still bud and its organs b. Petal, one circle of petal is called corolla The function interests insects. c. Stamen, male organ reproductive. It consists of filament and anther d. Pistil, female organ reproductive. It consists style, ovarian, and ovule.

5. FRUIT

The function is being embryo for plant The type of fruit: a. Right fruit, is formed by all of ovary. Ex: papaya, durian b. False fruit, is formed not only ovary but also other organ. Ex: pineapple (is formed by ovary and sepal), apple (is formed ovary and sepal). The inner structure of fruit contains of three layer: a. Epicarp (outer layer), it is hard b. Mesocarp (middle layer), thick, many fibrous c. Endocarp (inner layer), thin layer

6. SEED

The function seed: organ reproductive. It comes from fertilization. The structure of seed:

The structure of seed consists of two layers: a. Outer layer, seed coat. Generally dry and hard b. Inner layer, endosperm TRANSPORTATION IN PLANT 1. Transpiration is less of water vapour from the leaves and other aerial parts of plant 2. The three sites of transpiration, stomata, cuticle, and lenticels 3. External condition, air movement, light intensity, and relative humidity 4. If a stem is cut it will be amount of water exude from it cut. It is caused by root pressure.

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