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Modals of Necessity: Must, Have Got To, Have To: Sometimes Plural Necessities of Life

The document discusses modal verbs that express necessity or obligation - must, have to, and have got to. It provides examples of how to use each modal verb to talk about present and past necessity. Must is the strongest and most serious, while have got to is most common in informal speech. Have to is the most flexible and can be used to form questions and negatives. The past tense is always expressed as "had to". Examples are given to illustrate the different meanings and uses of these modal verbs of necessity.

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189 views

Modals of Necessity: Must, Have Got To, Have To: Sometimes Plural Necessities of Life

The document discusses modal verbs that express necessity or obligation - must, have to, and have got to. It provides examples of how to use each modal verb to talk about present and past necessity. Must is the strongest and most serious, while have got to is most common in informal speech. Have to is the most flexible and can be used to form questions and negatives. The past tense is always expressed as "had to". Examples are given to illustrate the different meanings and uses of these modal verbs of necessity.

Uploaded by

Maudy Rusyda
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NECESSITY ( sometimes plural ) something needed for a desired result; prerequisite: necessities of life (Terkadang jamak) sesuatu yang

diperlukan untuk hasil yang diinginkan; prasyarat: kebutuhan hidup OBLIGATION something by which a person is bound or obliged to do certain things, and which arises out of a sense of duty or results from custom, law, etc. sesuatu dimana seseorang terikat atau berkewajiban untuk melakukan hal-hal tertentu, dan yang muncul dari rasa tugas atau hasil dari kebiasaan, hukum, dll

Modals of Necessity: Must, Have got to, Have to


Introduction
These three verbs are modal verbs.

must have got to have to

Modal verbs are helping/auxiliary verbs that express ideas like ability, necessity, and prohibition. Many modal verbs have more than one meaning. They are always followed by the simple form of a verb. For example: Andrew has to pay his rent every month. This shows that Andrew has no choice. He has an obligation to pay his rent. He will be in trouble if he does not pay his rent.

Modals of Necessity
Let's read about how to express necessity or obligation. The modal verbs must, have to and have got to show that something is not optional; it is necessary. Must is the strongest and most serious modal verb of the three and is most common in writing. It is unusual to use must in questions.

I must study tonight. Have got to is most common in informal speech. It is not used in questions. I have got to study tonight. = I must study tonight. Have to is the most commonly used modal of obligation. It is useful for forming questions and negatives. Be careful! The subject and verb must agree for he/she/it subjects AND the question form requires Do/Does/Did. Example Question Answer I have to study tonight. Do I have to study tonight? Yes, I do. She has to study tonight. Does she have to study tonight? No, she doesn't. Remember: have got to and have to are modal verbs and require a simple verb to follow them. The to is part of the modal; it is not an infinitive to. There is only one way to express past time with these modal verbs: HAD TO. (There is no past tense of must/have got to.) For example: Present Time We must show our passport at the airport. I have got to pay my phone bill soon. They have to go to the meeting today. Pronunciation notes: The modal verb have got to is often contracted as: I've got to and sounds like I've gotta... The modal verb have to often sounds like: I hafta... or She hasta... gotta, hafta, and hasta cannot be used in written English. They are only used in speaking. When you are sure that you understand the lesson, you can continue with the exercises.
http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/330-modals-necessity.htm http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uPXuLoBQwsQ&feature=related

Past Time Last night, we had to show our passport at the airport. I had to pay my phone bill this morning. They had to go to the meeting yesterday.

Modal Verbs of Obligation


Click here for all the exercises about modal verbs We can use have to + infinitive, must + infinitive and should + infinitive to express obligation (something you have to do).
Present have to / dont have to Positive Negative

strong obligation (possibly from outside) no obligation

Children have to go to school.

I dont have to work on Sundays.

(sometimes have got to)

You dont have to eat anything you dont like.

must / mustnt

strong obligation (possibly based on the speakers opinion)

negative obligation

You mustnt smoke here.

I must study today. mild negative obligation or advice

should / shouldnt

mild obligation or advice

You should save some money.

You shouldnt smoke so much.

Be careful about the difference between mustn't and don't have to! Mustn't means it's not allowed, or it's a bad idea:

You mustn't eat so much chocolate, you'll be sick

Don't have to means you don't need to do something, but it's fine if you want to do it:

I don't have to get up early at the weekend (of course, if I want to get up early, that's fine, but I can stay in bed if I want Positive Negative

Past

had to / didnt have to

obligation in the past

no obligation in the past

I had to go to wear a school uniform when I was a child. -

We didnt have to go to school on Saturdays.

must* should have + pp / shouldnt have + pp

changes to 'had to' a past action which didnt happen: the advice / regret is too late

a past action which didnt happen: the advice / regret is too late

You should have gone to bed earlier, now you have missed the train.

You shouldnt have taken that job., it was a bad idea.

* Remember must have done is a modal verb of deduction or speculation, not obligation in the past. For example: Julie must have left. Her coats not here. See modals of probabilty for more information.
http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/modal-verbs-of-obligation.html

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