Ml NSELL, JOEL, an American printer, was born

at .Ncrthfield, Mass., April He settled at

14, 1808.
Albany m 1827, and published the Albany Minerva in
28. He afterwards published various papers,
and daily. He thoroughly studied the art of weekly
printing,
practically and historically. A large part of his valul
able collection of works
relating to the history of print-
ing was purchased for the New York State Li&ary
He has edited and published Annals of (kfeST(tO
vok, 1850-58),
>
- ~ v / and
*
J ^ ^J, IVi other
several V/UH^i. works o^-fcVhis-
:
Chronology of Paper and Pa #857);
Every- Day Rook of History and ,,.
H<- published (1858).
many antiquarian works societies
and individuals. He died Jan. 15. 1880

Presented to the

LIBRARY of the
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO

by

3ITTA.7.IO LEGISLATIVE LI3PJL1Y

^L I
ANNALS OF ALBANY.

BY JOEIvMUNSELL.

VOL. I.

SEEN BY
PRESERVATION
SERVICES
DATE
ALBANY;
J. MUNSELL, 58 STATE STREET.
1850.
LA
 PEEFACE.

This work was begun as an annual publication, in the

year 1849, and the contents of this volume were principally
comprised in the Albany Annual Register of the years
1849 and 1850. In this edition a part of the ephemeral
have been omitted, and historical and
articles of the first

antiquarian matter substituted. The principal aim of the

work was to preserve the memory of the time-honored
institutions of the city. The form of a periodical was
adopted for the convenience of continuing the publication
from time to time as facts should be collected, and in the
hope of enlisting others to collect materials. The coopera-
tion of all who may take an interest in such matters is
still solicited, in collecting whatever may tend to throw
light upon the past, as well as to preserve authentic memo-
rials of the present. Ancestral papers, of an historical,
genealogical or statistical character memoirs of eminent
;

citizens deceased historical accounts of religious, literary,

;

charitable and benevolent institutions also of public and

;

private corporations maps and charts of the city at dif-

;

ferent periods, or of portions of it descriptions of antiqui-

;

ties, and rare and curious relics in short, whatever, con-

;

nected with the ancient or modern history of Albany, shall

tend to illumine the path or lighten the labors of the future
historian, will be duly appreciated. These are the main
6 Preface.

objects of the work, although other departments have been

introduced, in keeping with the original plan, which will
be omitted in the future volumes. A synopsis of the events
of each year is given, descending sometimes to particulars
which may, perhaps, be considered trivial by some readers.
Undoubtedly many omissions will be observed of matters
necessary to give completeness to the articles introduced ;
we shall be glad to receive from those who may notice
errors or omissions, the sum of their knowledge, for future
use. Above all, we crave a liberal share of patience at
the public offices, and of the oldest inhabitant, to whom we
are already indebted formany favors, and much valuable
information. We hope to be instrumental in arresting
much that is perishable from entire oblivion, and out of
the abundance of material at hand propose to compile a
volume annually.
 CONTENTS.

Discovery and first voyage up Hudson's River, 1609, 9

Names of settlers in Rensselaerswyck, from 1630 to 1646, 15
Sentence of Willem Juriansen Bakker, 24
Mayors of Albany from 1684 to 1849, 25
Streets, lanes, alleys, $c., 1849, 26
An act for the division and equalization of the wards, 28
Banks, with historical reminiscences, 31
Insurance companies, 34
Clergy, 1848, 35
Practicing attorneys, 1848, 36
Practicing Physicians, 1848, 37
Albany charter officers, 1686, 37
Officers of the city of Albany, 1848-9, 38
Officers of companies and
societies, 1848-9, 39 45
Custom House, 46
Mohawk and Hudson Rail Road, 46
Income and expenditures of the city, 1842 to 1848, 48
County officers, 1848, 49
Alphabetical list of counties, towns and post-offices, 50
Stage and mail routes in olden time, 56
Principal routes of travel diverging from Albany, 61
Public offices, buildings, c.,
. .71 226
Albany Academy, 75
Albany Female Academy, 80
State Normal School. 84 297
Houses in Albany, 1786, 85
Reformed Protestant Dutch Church in Albany, 86
Evangelical Lutheran Ebenezer Church, 122
German Evangelical Lutheran Church, 129 293
First Presbyterian Church, 130
Bethel for Watermen, 133
Jewish Synagogues, 134
Universalist Church, 135
Ancient Albany, 137
City of Albany, 138
County of Albany, 142
Albany County Penitentiary, 149
Commission of John Abeel, 152
Lights and shadows of travelling in New York fifty years ago, 153
8 Contents.

Chronicle of events in 159

Albany, 1847-8,
183
Colony of Rensselaerswyck, from 1614 to 1646,
van 203
Kiliaen Rensselaer,
Executors of Jeremias van Rensselaer, 204
Arent van 205
Curler,
Correctors of Rensselaerswyck, 1630, 206
Business directory, 1849, 209
229
Albany County Bible Society, . , ,

List of freeholders of the city and county of Albany, 1720, 231

Dutch church burials, 1722 to 1757, 235
249
Family record from Groesbeck Bible,
Biographical sketch of Gen. Philip Schuyler,
250
Ancient commerce of Albany, 258
Voyage of an Albany sloop to China, 261
Visit of Peter Kalm to Albany, 1749, , ^62
Harmanus Bleecker, 276
Vanderheyden Palace, 278
The Wendell House, 280
The Stevenson House, 283
State Street in 1792, 285
A Canadian invasion, 288
A scene of the Revolution in Albany, 289
Births, marriages and deaths, 1848, 295
Civil officers of the city of Albany, 1693, 302
Operation of the cheap postage system in Albany, 1845, 303
Barlow's prediction of the Erie Canal, 1787, 304
Description of Albany in 1823, , , . . , 305
Distances of county towns from Albany, 313
Dr. Morse's description of Albany, 1789, 314
Albany in 1796, 316
Corporations and associations, 1849, 31 7
An Albany merchant's stock in 1790, 322
Hudson River, .... 324
Books in 1772, ,.,... 325
Closing and opening of the river since 1785, 326
Incidents of a northern winter. . , 328
Opening and closing of canal, 1824 to 1849, ,..'.. 329
Celebration of the adoption of the constitution, 1788, 330
Cold days sixty years ago, 329
Centennial anniversary, 335
Memoranda of 1784-5, , , , 336
Conditions and prospects of the 338
city in 1789,
A Tobacco establishment of 1790, 339.
Annals of Albany for 1 849, 341
Schedule of real and personal estate, 367
1847,
Bond of the aldermen of Schenectady, 1766, 368
Index , ,, ', . . , , 3
 ANNALS OF ALBANY.

DISCOVERY AND FIRST VOYAGE UP HUDSON RIVER.

The third Voyage of Master HENRY HVDSON toward Noua Zembla, and
at his returne, his passing from Farre I lands, to New-found Land,
and along to fortie four degrees and ten minutes, and thence to Cape
Cod, and so to thirtie three degrees; and along the Coast to the North-
ward, to fortie two degrees and an halfe, and vp the Riuere neere to
fortie three degrees. Written by ROBERT IVET, of Lime-house.

Henry Hudson sailed from Amsterdam on the 20th March, 1609, o. s.,
in the yacht Half-Moon, with a crew of about twenty Dutch and English
sailors, on a voyage for the discovery of a north-west passage to India.
He encountered ice and storms, which disabled his vessel, and about the
middle of July ran into Penobscot bay, on the coast of Maine. From
thence he proceeded along the coast southerly till he arrived at Chesapeake
bay about the middle of August, when he tacked about and coasted north-
ward until, on the third of September, at three o clock in the afternoon,
:

he came to three great rivers, and stood for the northernmost. Proceeding
leisurely, on the sixth he passed through the Narrows, and was attacked
by the Indians, who killed John Coleman, one of his men, who was buried
at Coleman's point, at Sandy hook. On the ninth the vessel arrived in
New York harbor, which they perceived to be a very good one for all
winds, and rode all night. 4
On the twelfth of September, at two o'clock in the afternoon, Hudson
weighed anchor, and began the memorable ascent of the great river which
perpetuates his name. He proceeded two leagues against the wind, and
came to anchor. Twenty-eisrht canoes full of men, women and children
came out from the shore, of whom the mariners were wary. They brought
oysters and beans, and had "great tabacco pipes of yellow copper, and
r

pots of earth to dresse their meate in." The remainder of the narrative
is copied verbatim from the edition published by the New York Historical

Society, Transactions, i, 138, et seq.

The thirteenth, faire weather, the wind northerly. At seuen of the
clocke in the morning, as the floud came we weighed, and turned foure
miles into the Riuer. The tide being done wee anchored. Then there
came foure canoes aboord but we suffered none of them to come into our
:

ship. They brought great store of very good oysters aboord, which wee
bought for trifles. In the night I set the variation of the compasse, and
found it to be 13 degrees. In the afternoone we weighed, and turned in
with the floud two leagues and a halfe further, and anchored all night,
and had fiue fathoms soft ozie ground, and had an high point of land,
which shewed out to us bearing north by east fiue leagues off vs.
10 Voyage of Henry Hudson, 1609.
The fourteenth, in the morning being very faire weather, the wind
south-east, we sayled vp the Riuer twelue leagues, and had fiue fathoms
and fme fathoms and a quarter lesse; and came to a streight between two
points, and had eight, nine, and ten fathoms: and it trended north-east
by north, one league, and we had twelue, thirteene and fourteene fa-
thomes. The Riuer is a mile broad there is very high land on both
:

sides. Then wee went vp north-west, a league and an halfe deepe water.
Then north-east by north fiue miles, then north-west by north two leagues,
and anchored. The land grew very high and mountainous. The river is
full of fish.
The morning was misty vntil the Sunne arose: then it
fifteenth, in the
cleered. So wee weighed with the wind at south, and ran vp into the
Riuer twentie leagues, passing by high Mountaines. Wee had a very good
depth, as six, seuen, eight, nine, ten, twelue and thirteen fathoms, and
great store of Salmons in the Riuer. This morning our two Sauages got
out of a port and swam away. After we were vnder sayle they called to
vs in scorne. At night we came to other Mountaines, which lie from
the Riuers side. There we found very louing people, and very old men:
where wee were well vsed. Our Boat went to fish, and caught great store
of very good fish.
The sixteenth, faire and very hot weather. In the morning our Boat
went againe to fishing, but could catch but few, by reason their Canoes
had beene there all night. This morning the people came aboord, and
brought vs eares of Indian Corne, and Pompions, and Tabacco: which wee
bought for trifles. Wee rode still all day, and filled fresh water; at night
wee weighed and went two leagues higher, and had shoald water so wee
:

anchored till
day.
The seuenteenth, faire Sun-shining weather, and very hot. In the
morning as soon as the Sun was vp, we set sayle, and ran vp six leagues
higher, and found shoalds in the middle of the channell, and small Hands,
but seuen fathoms water on both sides. Toward night we borrowed so
neere the shoare, that we grounded so we layed out our small anchor,
:

and heaued off againe. Then we borrowed on the banke in the channell,
1

and came aground againe while the floud ran we heaued off againe, and
;

anchored all night.

The eighteenth, in the morning was faire weather, and we rode still.
In the after-noone our Master's Mate went on land with an old Sauage, a
Gouernor of the Countrey; who carried him to his house and made him
good cheere.
The nineteenth, was faire and hot weather at the floud, being neere
:

eleuen of the clocke, wee

weighed, and ran higher vp two leagues aboue
the shoalds, and had no lesse water than fiue fathoms: wee
anchored, and
rode in eight fathomes. The people of the countrie came flocking aboord,
and brought vs Grapes, and
Pompions, which we bought for trifles. And
many brought vs Beuers skinnes, and Otters skinnes, which wee bought
for Beades,
Kniues, and Hatchets. So we rode there all night.
The twentieth, in the morning was faire weather. Our Masters Mate
with foure men more went vp with our Boat to sound the
Riuer, and
found two leagues aboue vs but two fathoms
water, and the channell very
narrow; and aboue that place seuen or eight fathomes. Toward night
they returned; and we rode still all night.
 Voyage of Henry Hudson, 1609. II

The one and twentieth was faire weather, and the wind all southerly:
we determined yet once more to goe farther up into the Riuer, to trie
what depth and breadth it did beare but much people resorted aboord, so
;

we went not this day. Our carpenter went on land and made a fore-yard.
And our Master and his Mate determined to trie some of the chiefe men of the
countrey, whether they had any treacherie in them. So they took them
down into the cabbin, and gave them so much wine and aqua vitae, that
they were all merrie; and one of them had his wife with him, which sat
so modestly, as any of our countrey women would do in a strange place.
In the end one of them was drunke, which had been aboord of our ship all
the time that we had been there and that was strange to them for they
:
,

could not tell how to take it. The canoes and folke went all on shoare ;

but some of them came againe, and brought stropes of Beades some had
:

six, seven, eight, nine, ten; and gaue him. So he slept all night quietly.
The two and twentieth was faire weather in the morning our Masters
:

Mate and foure more of the companie went vp with our Boat to
sound the Riuer higher vp. The people of the countrey came not aboord
till noone: but when they came, and saw the Sauages well, they were
glad. So at three of the elocke in the after-noone they came aboord, and
brought Tabacco, and more Beades, and gaue them to our Master, and
made an Oration, and shewed him all the countrey round about. Then
they sent one of their companie on land, who presently returned, and
brought a great Platter full of Venison, dressed by themselues; and they
caused him to eate with them then they made him reuerence, and de-
:

parted all saue the old man that lay aboord. This night at ten of the
elocke, our Boate returned in a showre of raine from sounding of the Riuer;
and found it to bee at an end for shipping to goe in. For they had beene
vp eight or nine leagues, and found but seuen foot water, and vnconstant
soundings.
The three and twentieth faire weather. At twelue of the elocke wee
weighed, and went downe two leagues to a shoald that had two channels,
one on the one side, and another on the other, and had little wind, whereby
the tide layed vs upon it. So, there wee sate on the ground the space of
an houre till the floud came. Then we had a little gale of wind at the
west. So wee got our ship into deepe water, and rode all night very
well.
The foure and twentieth was faire weather: the winde at the north-
west, wee weighed and went downe the Riuer seuen or eight leagues;
and at halfe ebbe wee came on ground on a bank of oze in the middle of
the Riuer, and sate there till the floud. Then wee went on land, and ga-
thered good store of chestnuts. At ten of the elocke wee came off into
deepe water, and anchored.
The five and twentieth was faire weather, and the wind at south a stiffe
gale. We rode still, and went on land to walke on the west side of the
Riuer, and found good ground for Corne, and other garden herbs, with
great store of goodly oakes, and walnut trees, and chestnut trees, ewe
trees, and trees of sweet wood in great abundance, and great store of slate
for houses, and other good stones.
The sixe and twentieth was faire weather, and the wind at south a stiffe
gale, we rode still. In the morning our carpenter went on land with our
Masters Mate, and foure more of our companie to cut wood. This morn.-*
12 Voyage of Henry Hudson, 1609.
ing, two canoes came vp the Riuer from the place where we first found
louing people, and in one of them was the old man that had lyen aboord
of vs at the other place. He brought another old man with him, which
brought more stropes of beades, and gave them to our Master, and shewed
him all the countrey there about, as though it were at his command. So
he made the two old men dine with him, and the old mans wife for they,

brought two old women, and two young maidens of the age of sixteene or
seuenteene yeeres with them, who behaued themselues very modestly.
Our Master gaue one of the old men a Knife, and they gaue him and vs
Tabacco. And at one of the clocke they departed down the Riuer, making
signes that wee should come down to them 5 for wee were within two
leagues of the place where they dwelt.
The seuen and tweniieth, in the morning was faire weather, but much
wind at the north, we weighed and set our fore top-sayle, and our ship
would not flat, but ran on the ozie bank at halfe ebbe. Wee layed out
anchor to heaue her off, but could not. ,. So we sate from halfe ebbe to halfe
floud: then wee set our fore-sayle and mayne top-sayle, and got downe
sixe leagues. The old man came aboord and would have had vs anchor,
and goe on land to eate with him: but the wind being faire, wee would
not yeeld to his request. So hee left vs, being very sorrowful for our de-
parture. At flue of the clocke in the afternoone, the wind came to the
south-south-west. So wee made a boord or two, and anchored in fourteene
fathomes water. Then our Boat went on shoare to fish, right against the
ship. Our Masters Mate and Boat-swaine, and three more of the com-
panie went on land to fish, but could not finde a good place. They tooke
foure or five and twenty Mullets, Breames, Bases, and Barbils; and re-
turned in an houre. We rode still all night.
The eight and twentieth, being faire weather, as soon as the day was
light, we weighed at halfe ebbe, and turned downe two leagues belowe
water for the streame doth runne the last quarter ebbe : then we anchored
;

till high water.. At three of the clocke in the afternoone we weighed,

and turned downe three leagues, vntill it was darke-, then wee anchored.
The nine and twentieth was drie close weather: the wind at south, and
south by west, wee weighed early in the morning, and turned downe three
leagues by a lowe water, and anchored at the lower end of the long Reach ,

for it is sixe leagues long. Then there came certaine Indians in a canoe
to vs, but would not come aboord. After dinner there came the canoe
with other men, whereof three came aboord vs. They brought Indian
wheat, which we bought for trifles. At three of the clocke in the after-
noone we weighed, as soone as the ebbe came, and turned downe to the
edge of the Mountaines, or the northermost of the Mountaines, and an-
chored because the high land hath many points, and a narrow channell,
:

and hath many eddie winds. So we rode quietly all night in seuen fathoms
water.
The thirtieth was faire weather, and the wind at south-east a stifFe gale
between the Mountaynes. We rode still the afternoone. The people of
the countrey came aboord vs, and brought some small skinnes with them,
which we bought for kniues and trifles. This a very pleasant place to
build a towne on. The road is very neere, and very good for all winds,
saue an east-north-east wind. The Mountaynes look as if some metall
or minerall were in them. For the trees that grow on them were all
 Voyage of Henry Hudson, 1609. 13

blasted, and some of them barren, with few or no trees on them. The
people brought a stone aboord like to emery (a stone vsed by glasiers to
cut glasse), it would cut iron or steele. Yet being bruised small, and
water put to it. it made a colour like blacke lead glistering; it is also good
for painters colours. At three of the clocke they departed, and we rode
still all night.
The first of October, faire weather, tha winde variable betweene the
west and the north. In ihe morning we weighed at seuen of the clocke
with the ebbe, and got downe below the Mountaynes, which was seuen
leagues. Then it fellcalme and the flood was come,, and wee anchored at
twelue of the clocke. The people of the Mountaynes came aboord vs,
wondering at our ship and weapons. We bought some small skinnes of
them for trifles. This afternoone, one canoe kept hanging vnder our
sterne with one man in it, which we could not keepe from thence, who
got vp by our rudder to the cabin window, and stole out my pillow and
two shirts, and two bandeleeres. Our Masters Mate shot at him, and
strooke him on the brest, and killed him. Whereupon all the rest fled
away, some in their canoes, and some leapt out of them into the water.
We manned our boat, and got our things againe. Then one of them that
swamme got hold of our boat, thinking to ouerthrow it. But our cooke
took a sword, and cut off one of his hands, and he was drowned. By this
time the ebbe wr as come, and we weighed and got downe two leagues, by
that time it was darke. So we anchored in foure fathomes water, and
rode well.
The seconde, faire weather. At break of day wee weighed, the wind
being at north-west, and got downe seuen leagues-, then the floud was
come strong, so we anchored. Then came one of the Sauages that
swamme away from vs at our going vp the Riuer with many other, think-
ing to betray vs. But we perceived their intent, and svffered none of
them to enter our ship. Whereupon two canoes full of men, with their
bowes and arrowes shot at vs after our sterne in recompence whereof we
:

discharged sixe muskets, and killed two or three of them. Then aboue
an hundred of them came to a point of land to shoot at vs. There I shot
a falcon at them, and killed two of them: whereupon the rest fle'd into
the woods. Yet they manned off another canoe with nine or ten men,
which came to meet vs. So I shot at it also a falcon, and shot it through
and killed one of them. . Then our men with their muskets- killed three
or four more of them. So they went their way; within a while after, wee
got downe two leagues beyond that place, and anchored in a bay, cleere
from all danger of them on the other side of the Riuer, where we saw a
very good piece of ground and hard by it there was a cliffe, that looked
:

of the colour of a white greene, as though it were either copper, or siluer

myne: and I think it to be one of them by the trees that grow vpon it.
For they be all burned, and the other places are greene as grasse, it is on
that side of the Riuer that is called Manna -hatta. There we saw no
people to trouble vs and rode quietly all night but had much wind and
:
;

raine.
The third, was very stormie; the wind at east-north-east. In the
morning, in a gust of wind and raine, our anchor came home, and we
droue on ground, but it was ozie. Then as we were about to haue out an
anchor, the wind came to the north-north-west, and droue vs off againe.
14 Voyage of Henry Hudson, 1609.
Then we shot an anchor, and let it fall in foure fathomes
water, and
weighed the other. Wee had much wind and raine, with thicke weather,
so we rode still all night.
The was faire weather, and the wind at north-north-west, wee
fourth,
weighed and came out of the Riuer, into which we had runne so farre.
Within a while after, wee came out also of The great mouth of the great
Riuer, that runneth vp to the north-west, borrowing vpon the norther
side of the same, thinking to haue deepe water: for wee had sounded a
great way with our boat at our first going in, and found seuen, six, and fiue
fathomes. So we came out that way, but we were deceiued, for we had
but eight foot and an halfe water: and so to three, fiue, three, and two
fathomes and an halfe. And then three, foure, fiue, sixe, seven, eight,
nine and ten fathomes. And by twelue of the clocke we were cleere of
all the inlet. Then we took in our boat, and set our mayne-sayle and
sprit-sayle, and our top-sayles, and steered away east-south-east, and south-
east by east, off into the mayne sea: and the land on the souther side of the
bay or inlet, did beare at noone west and by south foure leagues from vs.
The fift, was faire weather, and the wind variable between the north
and the east. Wee held on our course south-east by east. At noone I
obserued and found our height to bee 39 degrees 30 minutes. Our com-
passe varied sixe degrees to the west.
Wecontinued our course toward England, without seeing any land by
the way, all the rest of this moneth of October. And on the seuenth day
of Nouember, stilo nouo, being Saturday, by the Grace of God, we safely
arriued in the Range of Dartmouth, in Deuonshire, in the yeere 1609.
 Settlers of Rensstlaerswyck from 1630 to 1646. 15

NAMES OF SETTLERS IN RENSSELAERSWYCK.

1630 TO 1646.
'Compiled from the books of Monthly Wages and other MSS. See O'Callaghan's Hist.
ofN. Netlierland, i
;
433.

1630.
Wolfert Gerritsen, superintendent of farms.
Rutger Hendricksen van Soest, superintendent of the brewery.
Seger Hejidricksen van Soest, shepherd and ploughman.
Brandt Peelen van Nieukerke, schepen; had two daughters, Lisbet and
Gerritje. The latter married Goosen Gerritsen van Schaick. The
father died in 1644. He is mentioned by the Rev. Mr. Megapolensis -

in his tract on the Maquaa Indians, and by Van der Donck in his
Beschryvinge van N. N., as having raised wheat off one field in
Rensselaerswyck eleven years in succession. The land was ploughed
twelve times in that period twice the first and once every succeed-
;

ing lyear, when the stubble was ploughed and the wheat sown and
harrowed under. Van der Donck adds: "There are many thous-
and morgens of as good land there as that of which we have spoken."
Several descendants of this individual reside in Albany county,
where they go by the name of Brandt.
Simon Dircksen Pos, was one of Minuet's council in 1624; died in 1645.
Jan Tyssen, trumpeter, Fort Orange.
Andries Carstenssen, millwright.
Laurens Laurenssen, \
Barent Tomassen, sawyers.
{
Arendt van Curler, was a magistrate of the colony until the time of his
death, and one of the leaders of the settlement at Schenectady, 1641.
Jacob Jansen Stol, succeeded Hendrick Albertzsen as ferry-master at
Beverwyck.
Mertin Gerrittsen van Bergen, married Neeltje Meynderts; his oldest
son was Gerrit; his second, Myndert van Bergen. In the year 1668,
he had a lease of Castle Island, called after him, Martin Gerritsen's
Island, and in 1690 he lived south of that island, on the west side of
the river. He had property in Katskili, Coxsackie,, and Albany, of
which place he was magistrate for a long time.
Claes Arissen.
Roeloff Jansen van Maesterlandt, wife and family; came out as farmer
to the Patroon, at $72 a year. The Rev. Ev. Bogardus,, of New
Amsterdam, married his widow.
Claes Claessen, his servant. Jacques Spierinck.
Jacob Govertsen. Raynert Harmensen*
Bastiaen Jansen Krol, Fort Orange.
Albert Andriessen Bradt, de Noorman, married Annetje Barents, by
whom he had eight children, viz. Barent-, Eva, (who m. Roeloff
Swartwout;) Storm; Engeltje, (who m. Teunis Slingerland. of
Onisquathaw;) Gisseltje, (who m. Jan van EecheleH;) Andries, Jan,
and Dirck. The tradition is, that one of the above children was
16 Settlers of Remselaerswyck from 1630 to 1646.

born on ship-board, on the passage out, in the midst of a heavy

storm, in consequence of which he was called Storm van der Zee.
Barent Albertsen succeeded his father, in 1672, as lessee of the water
privileges on the Normans Kill, for which he was to pay $ 150
a
year; and Slingerland succeeded, in 1677, as lessee of the farm which
his father had occupied until then on the above stream. Albert de
Noorman died 7th June, 1686, and Swartwout, mentioning the oc-
curence, says: he was "een van de oudste en eerste inwoonders
der colonie Rensselaerswyck." At the time of his decease, he was
proprietor of some lots arid houses on the island of Manhattans. It
was after this man that the creek south of Albany was called the
Noormans Kill. Many of his descendants are still met with in and
around the latter city.
1631.

Maryn Adriaensen van Veere. This was the freebooter who afterwards
played so prominent a figure in Kieft's time.
Thomas Witsent.
Gerrit Teunissen de Reus, schepen, had a well-stocked farm in Greenbush.
Cornells Teunissen van Westbroek.
Cornells Teunissen van Breukelen, Raedts persoon; the descendants of
this man now call themselves van Brackelen.
Johan Tiers.
Jasper Ferlyn.
Gerrit Willems Oosterum.
Cornelis Maessen van Buren Maassen (in Galderland) and Catalyntje
Martensen, his wife, came out in the ship Rensselaerswyck. In the
passage out was born their first child, Hendrick; had besides him,
four other children, viz. Martin, Maas, Steyntje, and Tobias, all of
whom were living in the colonie in 1662. Steyntje married, 1663,
Dirck Wessels, "free merchant here." The father had a farm at
Papskenea. He and his wife died in 1648, and were both buried on
the same day! (Beyde op eenen dagh zyn begraaven. MS.)
Cornelis Teunissen Bos, bouwknecht to Cornelis Maassen, was commis-
sary at Fort Orange previous to 1662.
1634.
Jan Labbadie, carpenter, native of France, was subsequently commissary
to the Patroon, and after that held a like office at Fort Orange,
under the company. He married the widow of Mr. Harman van der
Bogaert. He came out previous to this year, and was part owner
of the Garce.
Robert Hendricksen. Adriaen Gerritsen.
Lubert Gysbertsen, wheelwright. Jan Jacobsen.
Jacob Albertzen Planck, officier, sheriff. Joris Houten, Fort Orange.
Hendrick Cornelissen.
Jan Jansen Dam, or Damen; married Ariaentje Cuvel. He removed
subsequently to New Amsterdam, where he was elected one of the
Eight Men-, amassed considerable wealth, and was one of the owners
of the privateer La Garce. In 1649-50 he went to Holland with C.
 Settlers of Rensselaerswyck from 1630 to 1646. 17

van Tienhoven, to defend Stuyvesant against the complaints of Van

der Donck and others, and died on his return, 18th June, 1651. He
does not seem to have had any children. He had three brothers,
Cornells Jansen, Cuyper; Cornelis Jansen Damen-, and Willem
Jansen Damen; and two sisters, Neiltje, and Hendrickje. He adopted
the son of the last-named sister Jan Cornelis Buys who assumed
his name, having been left 600 Car. guilders. Jan Damen, at his
death, willed 400 Car. guilders to the poor of Bunick, province of
Utrecht. The inventory of his personal property fills ten folio pages
in the records.

1635.
Jan Terssen van Franiker. Juriaen Bylvelt.
Jan Cornelissen, Carpenter. Johannes Verbeeck ;
Raedt Persoon,
1658, 1661.
1636.
Barent Pieterse Koyemans, aliasBarent the Miller, entered the service
of the Patroon, at 30 guilders a year.
first Three brothers accom-
panied him to Rensselaerswyck in 1636 viz. David, Jacob, and Arent,
:

who was a lad. It is presumed that they came originally from

Utrecht. Barent worked in the Patroon's grist-mill until 1645, in
the fall of which year he took charge, with Jan Gerritsen, his part-
ner, (who came out with him,) of the Patroon's saw-mills, being al-
lowed 150 gl. each a year for board, and 3 stivers a cut for every
plank they sawed. He remained in this employment until 1647,
having cut between three and four thousand boards in that time.
Previous to 1650, he lived a little south of the 5th or Patroon's creek,
and in 1655 took a nineteen years' lease of a farm of maize-land at
24 gl. per annum. In 1657 he rented, in company with Cornelis
Theunis van Breukelen, for three years, the Upper Mills, (as the
mills on the Patroon's creek were called, in contradistinction to those
on the Norman's kill.) which he leased on his own account in 1660
for 13 years. This lease expired in 1673, about which time he
purchased, by consent of the Commissioners at Albany, from the
Katskill Indians, a large tract of land, some twelve or fifteen miles
south of that city, on the west side of the river. The place had been
known, for many years previous, as offering peculiar advantages for
the erection of saw-mills, Cryn Cornelissen and Hans Jansen having
erected saw-mills on the creek immediately north of Beeren Island
as early as 1651. Coeymans had, no doubt, these advantages in
view when he made his purchase, which began at a point on the
shore called Sieskasin, opposite the middle of Jan Ryersens island
called by the Indians Sapanakock, and ran south to the mouth of
Pieter Bronck's kill, as Coxsackie creek was then called. Following
up this creek to its head, the line then went west until it struck the
head of the waters falling into the Hudson, all,the land on which be-
longed to the Katskill Indians, the waters flowing west to the Scho-
harie creek being the property of the Mohawks. The line then went
18 Settlers of Rensselaerswyck from 1630 to 1646.

northerly to the bounds of Rensselaerswyck, and thence returned to

the Hudson River. A patent was obtained for this tract, twelve miles
deep and some eight or ten front, from Gov. Lovelace, on 7th April,
1673. But falling as it did within the original bounds of Van Rens-
selaer's colonie, Coeymans purchased out the Patroon's claims, 22d
Oct., 170G, agreeing to pay a quit-rent of nine shillings a year, and
he finally obtained letters patent from Queen Anne, confirming the
whole to him and his heirs forever, 6th Aug., 1714. This purchase
now constitutes the ancient town of Coeymans, in the county of
Albany. Barent Pietersen had five children Andreas, Samuel,
Peter, Ariantje, and Jannitje. Andreas moved to the Raritans, New
Jersey, where he purchased a considerable tract of land, and where
some of the Coeymans still reside. Peter married twice by his first
:

wife he had Mayica, who married Andreas Witbeck; and Elizabeth,

the wife of Jacob van Allen. By his second wife, Charlotte Amelia
Drawyer, he had Gerritje, who married John Barclay, mayor of
Albany; Anne Margaret, who married Peter Ten Eyck, and Char-
lotte A., who married John Bronck. Mrs. Abraham Verplanck of
Coeymans is grand-daughter to this Mrs. Bronck. All the descend-
ants of Barent Coeymans, after the first generation in a direct line,
were females. Owing to this singular circumstance, the family
name is now
extinct in this state.
Pieter Cornelissen van Munnichendam, millwright.
Dirck Jansen van Edam. Mauritz Jansen,) -p
,,
^
Arent Andriessen van Frederickstad, Michel Jansen , f
This Michel brought out his wife and two children. Van Tienhoven
says he came out as a "boereknecht," or servant. He amassed a
fortune in a few years, in the fur-trade, but not being able to agree
with the head men of the colonie, he removed, in 1646, to the island
of Manhattans. He purchased Eversten Bout's farm in Pavonia,
with some stock, for 8,000 gl., and was appointed one of the delegates
to Holland in 1649, against the colonial administration, but owing to
the unsettled state of his private affairs he could not accept that
appointment. It was in a room in this man's house, in New Am-
"
sterdam, that Van der Donk wrote his celebrated Vertoogh," or
Remonstrance against the maladministration of affairs in New
Nether land.
Jacob Jansen van Amsterdam.
Simon Walings van der Belt; was killed at Pavonia, in 1648, by some
savages from the south.
Gysbert Claessen van Amsterdam. Hans Zevenhuyzen.
Cristen Cristyssen Noorman van Adriaen Hubertsen.
Vlecburgh and wife. Rynier Tymanssen van Edam.
Tys Barentsen Schoonmaker van Ed:im. Thomas Jansen van Bunick.
Cornelis Tomassen, smith, and wife.
Arent Steveniersen, wife and two. children he married,, anno 1637, the
;

widow of Cornelis Tomassen, by whom he had two, other children*

Johan Latyn van Verduym. Claes Jansen van Nykerk;.
 Settlers of Rensselaerswyck from 1630 to 1646. 19

Rutger Jacobsen van Schoenderwoerdt married in New Amsterdam,

;

anno 1646, Tryntje Jansen van Briestede, (who died at her son's in
Rosendal, in 1711). By her he had two daughters and one son.
Margaret, one of the daughters, married, in 1667, Jan Jansen Bleeck-
er, who came from Meppel, province of Overyssel, to America,
In 1658, and was the ancestor of the present highly respectable
Bleecker family in this state. Rutger Jacobson was a magistrate in
Rensselaerswyck as early as 1648, and continued to fill that office
as late as 1662, and perhaps later. He owned a vessel on the river
in 1649, in which year he rented, in partnership with Goosen Ger-
rittsen., the Patroon's brewery, at 450 gl. a year, payable in addition
one guilder for every ton of beer which they brewed. This duty
amounted in the first year to 230 gl., and in the following season
they worked up 1,500 schepels of malt. On the 3d of June, 1656,
he laid the corner-stone of the "new church," in Beverswyck, and
we find him subsequently part proprietor of
Pachonakelick, called
by the Dutch Mohican's, or Long Island, below Bethlehem. He had
the character of an upright citizen, and to his credit it must be add-
ed, he rose by his honest industry from small beginnings.
Ryckert Rutgerson-, was engaged, when he first came out, at 130 gl. per
annum for a term of 6 years. In 1648 he took a 6 years' lease of
Bethlehem Island, at 300 gl. per annum, besides the tenths. He re-
ceived three horses, and two or three cows on halves, and the Pa-
troon was to build him a barn and dwelling-house, he cutting and
drawing the timber, and boarding the carpenters. He was exempt
from rent and tithes for the first year. In 1652 he surrendered his
lease to Jan Ryersen, after whom this island has since been named.
N. B. The Settlers of 1636 came out in the ship Rensselaerswyck, hav-
ing sailed from Holland on the 1st October of that year.
1637.
Jan Michaelsen van Edam, tailor, and his boy.
Pieter Nicolaussen van Nordinge.
Teunis Cornelissen van Vechten, succeeded Michel Jansen on his farm
in 1646, and lived in 1648 in the south end of Greenbush.
Burger Joris, smith,
Jan Ryersen; the island situate opposite the junction of the towns of
Bethlehem and Coeymans, on the Hudson, was called Jan Ryersen's
island, in consequence of this man having lived there in 1652.
Abraham Stevensen, surnamed Croaet, a boy.
Cornells Teunissen van Merkerk.
Goosen Gerritsen van Schaick; married, 1st, Gerritje Brants, daughter
of Brant Peelen^, 2d, in July,, 1657, Annetje Lievens. He was a
brewer in the colonie in 1649, in which year he accepted, after a
good deal of solicitation, the office of magistrate, or Gerechts per-
soon. Was afterwards one of the part owners of Nachtenack, the
Indian name for the site of the present village of Waterford, Saratoga
county.
Willem Juriaeaen Bakker, was banished from the colonie in 1650, at
the age af seventy years, in consequence ,of his repeated misdeeds.
20 Settlers of Rensselaerswyck from 1630 to 1646.

1638.
Jan Dircksen van Amersfoort. Gerrit Hendricksen.
Wybrant Pietersen. Cornells Leendertsen.
Willem Meynten. Francis Allertsen, cooper.
Martin Hendricksen van Hamelwaard. RoeloffCornelissenvanHouten.
Adriaen Berghoorn. Volckert Jansen.
Hendrick Fredricksen. Jacob Jansen Nostrandt.
Christoffel Davits-, lived in 1650 on a farm at Dominie's Hoeck, now
called Van Wie's Point.
Claes Jansen Ruyter. Jacob Flodder, his man.
Gysbert Adriaensen van Bunick; came out in the Key of Calmar.
Teunis Dircksen van Vechten; came out with wife, child, and two ser-
vants, in the "Arms of Norway," and had a farm in 1648 at Green-
bush, north of that occupied by Teunis Cornelissen van Vechten.
He is referred to in 1663 as "an old inhabitant here."
1639.
Jacob Adriaensen van Utrecht. Ryer Stoffelsen.
Cryn Cornelissen; obtained a license in 1651 to erect a sawmill in com-
pany with Hans Jansen van Rotterdam, on what is now Coeyman's
Creek.
Adam Roelantsen van Hamelwaard ; previously a schoolmaster in New
Amsterdam.
Sander Leendertsen Glen; married Catalyn Doncassen. He was one of
the Indian traders at Beverswyck, and finally moved to Scotia, near
Schenectada, of which tract he obtained a patent from Gov. Nicolls,
in 1665. Reference is made probably to this gentleman by the
French in their account of the burning of Schenectady, anno 1690,
in the following terms: "At daybreak some men were sent to the
dwelling of Mr. Sander, who was Major of the place at the other
side of the river. He was not willing to surrender, and began to
put himself on the defensive, with his servants and some Indians.
But as it was resolved not to do him any harm, in consequence of
the good treatment which the French had formerly experienced at
his hands, M. d'Iberville and the great Agniez proceeded thither
alone, promised him quarter for himself, his people and property,
whereupon he laid down his arms on parole."
Pieter Jacobsen and wife. Johan Poog.
Gilles Barentsen. Claes Jansen van Breda.
Cornelis Spierinck. Class Tyssen.
1640.
Nys Jacobsen. Jannitje Teunissen.
Jan Teunissen, carpenter.
Teunis Jacobsen van Schoenderwordt, brother to Rutger Jacobsen had ;

90 a year salary for the first three years, and 100 for the next
gl.
three.He became a trader in 1651.
Andries Hubertsen Constapel van derBlaes; married Annetje Juriaen-
sen; owned a tile kiln in
Beverswyck, and died in 1662.
 Settlers of Rensselaerswyck from 1630 to 1646. 21

Andries de Vos, brother-in-law to Barent Pieterse Coeymans-, was

Gerechts persoon, or magistrate, in 1648.
Adriaen Teunissen van der Belt. Jan Creynen.
Jan Jansen van Rotterdam; was killed in the Indian war, 1644.
Jacob Jansen van Campen. Cornells Keyne van Houtten.
Jan Cornelissen van Houtten. Claes Gerritsen.
1641.
Adriaen van der Donck, officier, or Sheriff.
Cornells Antonissen van Slyck, alias Broer Cornelissen, was the first
patentee of Katskill, anno 1646. Van Slyck's Island, opposite Sche-
nectada, was so called after one of his sons, Jacques, to whom it
was granted, 13th Nov., 1662, by Director Stuyvesant.
Claes Gysbertsen. Joris Borrelingen, Engelsman.
Jacob Wolfertsen, Claes Jansen van Ruth.
Tennis de Metselaer.
Cornelis Cornelissen van Schoonderwoerdt, alias " Vosje."
1642.
Dominie Johannes Megapolensis, Jun.,
Matheld Willemsen, his wife,
Hellegond, Dirck, Jan, and Samuel, their children. Samuel M.,
the last named son, was sent to Harvard;College in 1657 ; spent three
years there, and then proceeded to the University of Leyden, where
he was licensed, in 1662, as a minister, and obtained the degree of
M. D. On his return, he became Collegiate pastor of the church
at New Amsterdam, and was appointed by Gev. Stuyvesant one of
the commissioners to negotiate with the British the articles relating
to the capitulation of the Province. Rev. Dr. De Witt.
Abraham Staes, surgeon.
Evert Pels van Steltyn, brewer, and wife; lived at the Mill Creek,
Greenbush.
Cornelis Lambertsen van Doom. Joachim Kuttelhuys van Cremyn.
Johan Helms van Baasle.
Juriaen Bestval van Luyderdorp, (near Leyden).
Claes Jansen van Waalwyck. Paulus Jansen van Gertruydenburgh.
Hans Vos van Baden, court messenger; was sheriff's constable in New
Amsterdam in 1661.
Lucas Smith van Ickemsburgh left the colonie in the spring of 1646, with
;

the character of "een eerlyk ende vroom Jongman" an honorable

and virtuous young man.
Cornelis Crynnesen.
Cornelis Hendricksen van Es, Gerechts persoon or magistrate. His
"
daughter, Elizabeth, married one Banckers. Cryn Cornelissen
declares that, in the spring of 1643, while conveying some of the
guests, on the ice, to the wedding of Van Es's daughter, a mare be-
longing to him, (Cryn), and a stud belonging to Van der Donk, were
drowned in the neighborhood of Black, or Horse's point (omtrent
de Swarte, ofte Paerde Hoeck) for which he understands Van der
Donck received 150 guilders ($60) from the wedding party." MS.
22 Settlers of Rensselaerswyck from 1630 to 1646,

Cornells Gerritsen van Schoonderwoerdt.

Wm. Fredericksen van Leyden, free carpenter.
Antonie de Hooges M commis, afterwards Secretary of the Colonie. His
daughter, and only child, says Bensen, "married Herman Rutgers,
the ancestor of the respectable family of the name among us." De
Hooges died 1658. The well-known promontory in the Highlands
was called Anthony's Nose, after him.
Johan Holmes.
Juriaen van Sleswyck.
Johan Corstiaenssen, mariner.
Hendrick Albertsen; second time of <his coming out. He was the first

ferrymaster in Beverwyck; died in 1648 or 1649,

Gertrude Dries van Driesbergen, Hendrick Dries, her brother,
his wife.
Albert Jansen, van Amsterdam. Jan Jansen Flodder, carpenter.
Geertje Mannix, widow, and two Pieter Wyncoop, commis.
children.
Nicolaus Koorn, sergeant or wachtmeester; succeeded Van der Donck
as Sheriff.
Adriaen Cornelissen van Bersingeren. Arendt Teunissen van Luyten.
Cornelis Segers van Voorhoudt succeeded Van der Donck on the farm
;

called Weelysburgh, on Castle island-, married Bregje Jacobsen, by

whom he had six children-, Cornelis, Claes, Seger, Jannitje, Neltje,
and Lysbeth. The last named married Francois Boon, without her
parents' consent, and was disinherited, having been left by will only
1 Flemish. Seger married Jannitje Teunissen van Vecthen, and
was killed, anno 1662, by Andries Hubertsen in a brawl Many of
the Segers family are still residents of the county of Albany.
Jacob Aertsen Wagenaar.
Jan Creyne van Houtten.
Jan Dircksen, Engelsman, van Amersfoort.
" I have known a
Kerry de Backer. gunner, named Harry de Backer,
who killed at one shot from his gun, eleven gray geese out of a large
flock." Van der Donck.
Adrian Willemsen; banished for theft in 1644.

1643, 1644, 1645.

Pieter Hertgers van Vee, was one of the commissaries of the court at
Fort Orange in 1654; died in Holland, 1670.
Abraham Clock.
Jan Barentsen Wemp, removed subsequently to Schenectady, where he
became proprietor of some land* His widow married Sweer Teu-
nissen van Velde..
Richard Brigham.
Lambert van Valckenburg.
Jacob Jansen Schermerhorn, married Jannitje, daughter of Cornelis Se-
gers. He was a prominent trader in Beverwyck in 1648, when he
was arrested, by Stuyvesant, on a charge of selling fire-arms and
ammunition to the Indians. His books and papers were seized, and
 Settlers of Rensselaerswyck from 1630 to 1646. 23
himself removed a prisoner to Fort Amsterdam, where he was sen-
tenced to banishment for five years, and the confiscation of all his
property. By the interference of some leading citizens the first part
of the sentence was struck out, but his property was totally lost.
These proceedings against Schermerhorn formed, subsequently, a
ground of complaint against Stuyvesant to the States General.
Claes Teunissen, alias " Uylenspiegel."
Gysbert Cornelissen van Wesepe called also Gysbert op de Berg, from
;

the fact of his having lived on a farm called the

"
Hooge Berg,"
situate on the east side of the river, a little below Albany, which
he rented in 1649 at 300 gl. a year. This farm still retains its origin-
al Dutch name, and is now owned by Joachim Staats, Esq.

1646.
Jan Jansen van Bremen; lived in Bethlehem, and moved, anno 1540,
to Katskill.
Harman Mynderts van der Bogaert, arrived in New Neterland, anno
1631, as surgeon of the company's ship the Eendracht; he continued
in the company's service to 1633, after which he resided in New
Amsterdam until appointed commissary to Fort Orange. He was
highly respected, though from all accounts he appears to have been
of an irascible temper, An instance is mentioned of his having at-
tempted, in the excitement of a high quarrel, when both appear to
have been in a violent passion, to throw the Director-general out of
a boat in which they were sailing on the river; he was, it is added,
with difficulty prevented from accomplishing his purpose. He oc-
casionally wrote his name Harmanus & Boghardij. He came, I be-
lieve, to a violent death in 1649. Carl van Brugge succeeded him
as commissary at Fort Orange.
Jan van Hoosem. Hendrick Westercamp.
Jacob Herrick.
Jan Andriessen van Dublin, leased abouwerie in 1649, described as lying-
"north of Stoney point, being the north half of the Flatt."
Tomas Higgens. Jan Willemsen Scuth.
Wolf Nyssen executed.
;
Willem Leendertsen, brass-founder.
Pieter Bronck; built a tavern in Beverwyck, in 1651, which was then
the third at that place afterwards lived at Coxackie, the creek at
;

which place was called by the Dutch, Peter Bronck's kill.

Tomas Kenningh. Jacob Jansen van Stoutenburgh.
Jan de Neger; Scherprechter, or hangman to the colonie.
 24 Sentence of Willem Juriaensen Bakker.

SENTENCE OF WILLEM JURIAENSEN BAKKER.

As the minute in the Gerechts rolle, or court register, of the sentence
pronounced against this public disturber will afford some idea of the
strictness of the police in those days, we are tempted to translate it.
CTCallaghan's Hist, of N. Netherland, p. 437.
"Their worships, the Commissioners and Council of the colonie of
Rensselaerswyck, having duly considered and weighed the demand of the
Honorable Director, as prosecutor against Willem Juriaensen Bakker, and
finding that he was already banished out the colonie by their Worshipful
Court, on the 4th February, 1644; and afterwards because that he at-
tempted on the Lord's highway with a knife to stab the person of Antonie
de Hooges, then commis to the Noble Patroon, whereby he, in as much
as in him lay, did commit a murder, for which he, on the 28th August,
1647, was banished from the colonie; and he having by petition prayed
for a respite, which was granted to him, he pledged all his goods, and
also subjected himself to the banishment of his person, should he happen
to insult any person within or without the court, or to do any thing that
should be displeasing, or worthy of punishment. Therefore, the Honora-
ble Prosecutor, recapitulating the same, has set forth, to wit, that he,
the Delinquent, hath .so frightened and shocked a certain woman, [Saertje
Cornelis, wife of Thomas Sanderssen Smith], hat according to her com-
plaint, she hath miscarried; Secondly, that he hath unjustly censured
some honorable people, among others some of the Worshipful Court here,
asserting, as relates to the agreement between him and Jan van Hoesem,
that they had written a falsehood Thirdly, having been quietly spoken
;

to about the purchase of two beasts, he entering the house, called out
that he had a knife in his sleeve, and that, if he were meddled -with, he
should pay the Honorable Prosecutor with it. Besides, being summoned
on account of these enormities, he did openly insult the Honorable Prose-
cutor here, saying, 'I must bury you; I am summoned before the court;
I must hang.' Moreover have we been assured by trustworthy persons,
'that he hath said to certain females who were proceeding to partake of
the Lord's Supper, 'Is it a bit of bread you want? Come to my house
and I'll give you a whole loaf;' and divers other things. [On being
asked his age, to the contempt of the court, he said he was about twenty-
'

one, though it is known to us that he is at least seventy years of age.]

WHEREFORE, he being a blasphemer, a street-scold, a murderer as far as
his intentions are concerned, a defamer, a contemner of law and justice,
and a disturber of the public peace, their Worships of the court aforesaid
have adjudged and sentenced, as they do hereby sentence and adjudge,
that the aforesaid sentence of banishment shall stand fast, and he Willem
Juriaensen, is hereby banished out the district and jurisdiction of this
colonie, from now henceforth and forever, to leave by the first vessel, and
never more to return, on pain of corporal punishment: all with costs of
court. Thus sentenced, c., in College, this 18th July, 1650, to the
knowledge of me, "A. DE HOOGES, Secretary.
"27th July, 1650. Resolved, that Willem Juriaensen shall be con-
veyed on board of Rutger Jacobsen, and then released, Rutger Jacobsen
promising to give him a passage in his yacht to the Manhattans."
 Streets, Lanes, Alleys, fyc. 27
Franklin St., from Lydius to southern boundary, 1st east South Pearl.
Fulton street, from Lydius to Plain, 1st west South Pearl.
Gansevoort St., from river to western boundary, southernmost street.
Grand street, from Beaver to Arch.
Hawk street, from northern to southern boundary, 1st west Eagle.
Hamilton street, from river to western boundary, 1st north Lydius.
Hare street, from head of Orange to western boundary.
Herkimer street, from river to South Pearl.
Howard street, from South Pearl to Eagle, 1st south State.
Hudson street, from river to western boundary.
Hudson Square, fronts on Washington, Partridge and Ontario.
High street, from State to Lydius, 2d west Eagle.
Jackson street, from Colonie to Spencer, 1st east Broadway.
James street, from State to Columbia, 1st west do.
Jay street, from Eagle to Lark, 3d south Stale.
John street, from river to Franklin, 1st north Ferry.
Jefferson street, from Eagle to Delaware Square, 1st south Lydius.
Knox street, from Elk to southern boundary, 1st west Lark.
Lark street, from southern boundary to Patroon,4th west Eagle.
Lawrence street, from river to Broadway, 1st north canal basin.
Lewis Alley, from Grand west.
Lumber street, from river to western boundary, 3d south canal basin.
Lydius street, from river to western boundary.
Lancaster street, from Eagle to western boundary, 2d south State.
Lodge street, from Beaver to Columbia, 2d west North Pearl.
Liberty street, from Hudson to Lydius, 1st west Broadway.
Maiden Lane, from river to Eagle, 1st north State.
Mercer street, from Delaware turnpike to Alms House Square.
Montgomery street, from Steuben to northern boundary.
Morris street, from Delaware Square to northern boundary.
Morton street, from Clinton to Dove.
Mulberry street, from river to Franklin, 3d south Lydius.
North Ferry street, from Bath ferry to Broadway.
North Lansing street, from river to Broadway, 2d south canal basin.
North Pearl street, from Slate to northern boundary.
North Square, fronts on Lark, Canal, Knox and Elk.
Norton street, (late Store Lane,) from Green to South Pearl.
Nucella street, from river to Gansevoort.
Ontario street, northern to southern boundary, 2d west Alms House.
Orange street, from river to Hare, 4lh north State.
Park street, from State to Lancaster, 1st west Eagle.
Partridge street, from southern boundary to Schenectady turnpike.
Patroon street, from Broadway to western boundary, 6th north State.
Perry street, beginning at Alms House Square, southern to northern
boundary.
Pier, runs from foot of Hamilton, north 4323 feet, and 80 feet broad
to the foot of Lawrence street, forming a basin of an area of 32 and
1-lOth acres.
Pine street, from Chapel to Eagle, 2d north of State.
Philip street, from Lydius to Hudson, 3d west South Pearl.
Plain street, from South Pearl to Philip, 1st south Hudson.
Pleasant street, from Western to Schenectady turnpike.
Plumb street, from river to Franklin, 1st south Bassett.
28 Wards.
Providence street, from Delaware turnpike to Alms House Square.
Quackenbush street, from river to Broadway.
Quail street, from northern to southern boundary, 1st west Alms House.
"
Quay street, along the dock, from to Orange street.
Kensselaer street, from river to South Pearl, 2d south Ferry.
Robin street, from Alms House Square to Washington, 1st west Snipe.
Rose street, from Hamilton to Lydius, 1st west Green.
Sand street, from Lark to western boundary.
Schuyler street, from river to Clinton, 4th south Ferry.
Second street, from Ten Broeck to western boundary.
South Lansing street, from river to Franklin, 1st south Herkimer.
South Pearl street, from State to Gansevoort.
Spencer street, from river to Broadway, 1st south Lumber.
Spruce street, from Eagle to Lark, 1st north Elk.
State street, from river to western boundary.
Steuben street, from river to Eagle, 2d north State.
Snipe street, beginning at Alms House, to northern boundary.
Swan street, from southern to northern boundary, 2d west Eagle.
Ten Broeck street, from Patroon to Colonie, 1st west North Pearl.
Third street, from Ten Broeck to western boundary.
Union street, from Lydius to Hudson, 2d west Broadway.
Van Tromp street, from Broadway to North Pearl, 1st n. Columbia.
Van Schaack street, from North Pearl to Cross, 1st west Canal.
Van Woert street, from Broadway to western boundary.
Van Zandt street, from South Pearl to Philip, 1st north Lydius.
Vine street, from river to Franklin, south Nucella.
"Warren street, from Eagle to Alms House Square, 2d south Ferry.
Washington St., from Academy and Capitol Parks to western boundary.
Washington Square, fronts on Stale. Knox, Lydius and Willett.
Water street, from northern boundary to Steubea, 1st west Quay.
Westerlo street, from river to Delaware Square, 2d south Lydius.
William street, from Hudson to Howard, 1st west South Pearl.
Wilson street, from Broadway to Ten Broeck, 1st south Lumber.
Willett street, from State to Lydius, 1st west Lark.
Yates street, from Delaware Square to western boundary.

AN ACT
For and Equalization of the Wards of the City of Al-
the Division
bany and for other purposes. Passed March 3Qth, 1841.
,

FIRST WARD. Beginning at a point where the south bounds of the

city intersect the west line of Rensselaer street; thence running north
along the east bounds of the city to a point opposite the centre of Arch
street; thence westerly through the centre of Arch street to the cen.
tre of Hallenbake street; thence northerly through the centre of Hal-
lenbake street to the centre of ^rch street from the west; thence westerly
through the centre of Arch street to the centre of Eagle street; thence
southerly through the centre of Eagle street to the south bounds of the
city; thence easterly along said south bounds to the place of beginning.
 Wards. 29
SECOND WARD. Beginning at the intersection of the centre of Arch
street with the east bounds of the city, and running thence northerly
along the said bounds of the city to a point opposite the centre of Her-
kiraer street; thence westerly along the centre of Herkimer street to the
centre of Pearl street: thence southerly along the centre of Pearl street
to the centre of Westerlo street; thence westerly along the centre of
Westerlo street to the centre of Hallenbake street; thence northerly
along the centre of Hallenbake street to the centre of Westerlo street
from the west; thence westerly along the centre of Westerlo street to
the centre of Eagle street; thence southerly along the centre of Eagle
street to the centre of Arch street; thence easterly along the centre of
Arch street to the centre of Hallenbake street; thence southerly along
the centre of Hallenbake street to the centre of Arch street from the
east; thence easterly along the centre of Arch street to the east bounds
of the city and place of beginning.
THIRD WARD. Beginning at a point in the easterly bounds of the
city opposite the centre of Herkimer street, and running thence northerly
along said east bounds to a point opposite the centre of Hamilton street;
thence westerly along the centre of Hamilton street to the centre of Eagle
street; thence southerly along the centre of Eagle street to the centre of
Westerlo street; thence easterly along the centre of Westerlo street to
the centre of Hallenbake street; thence southerly along the centre of
Hallenbake street to the centre of Westerlo street from the east; thence
easterly through the centre of Weslerlo street to the centre of Pearl
street; thence northerly through the centre of Pearl street to the centre
of Herkimer street; thence easterly along the centre of Herkimer street
to the place of beginning.
FOURTH WARD,'Beginning at a point in the east bounds of the city
opposite the centre of Hamilton street, and running thence northerly
along said east bounds to a point opposite the centre of State street
bridge; thence westerly through the centre of State street bridge and
State street to the centre of Eagle street; thence southerly along the cen-
tre of Eagle street to the centre of Hamilton street; thence easterly along
the centre of Hamilton street to the east bounds of the city and place of
beginning.
FIFTH WARD. Beginning at a point in the east bounds of the city
opposite the centre of State street bridge; thence running northerly along
said east bounds to a point opposite the centre of Columbia street bridge;
thence westerly along the centre of said bridge and of Columbia street
to the centre of Pearl street; thence northerly along the centre of Pearl
street to the centre of Fox street; thence westerly along the centre of
Fox street to the centre of a street thirty-six Ryland feet in width, and
leading from Fox to Spruce streets; thence southerly through the cen-
tre of said street to the centre of Spruce street; thence easterly through
the centre of Spruce street to the centre of Eagle street; thence southerly
through the centre of Eagle street to the centre of State street; thence
easterly along the centre of State street and of the State street bridge to
the east bounds of the city and place of beginning.
SIXTH WARD. Beginning at a point in the east bounds of the city
opposite the centre of the Columbia street bridge, and running thence
northerly along said east bounds to a point opposite the centre of Lum-
ber street; thence westerly along the centre of Lumber street to the cen-
tre of Ten Broeck street; thence southerly along the centre of Ten Broeck
30 Wards.
street to the centre of Patroon street; thence easterly along the centre of
Patroon street to the centre of Chapel street; thence southerly along the
centre of Chape! street to the centre of Canal street; thence easterly along
the centre of Canal street to the centre of Pearl street; thence southerly
along the centre of Pearl street to the centre of Columbia street; thence
easterly along the centre of Columbia street and the Columbia street
bridge to the east bounds of the city and place of beginning.
SEVENTH WARD. Beginning at a point in the east bounds of the city
opposite the centre of Lumber street, and running thence northerly along
the east bounds of the city until it strikes a point opposite a red cedar
post with brick around it, standing on the west bank of the Hudson river,
which post is distant twenty-two chains and thirty-six links from the
south-east corner of the storehouse of Stephen Van Rensselaer, on a
course, north forty degrees and twenty minutes west; thence westerly to
the said cedar post; thence north forty-eight degrees west to the west
bounds of the late town of Colonie; thence southerly along said west
bounds to the centre of Lumber street; thence easterly along the centre
of Lumber street to the east bounds of the city and place of beginning.
EIGHTH WARD. Beginning at the intersection of the centre of Canal
and Chapel streets; thence running northerly along the centre of Chapel
to the centre of Patroon street; thence westerly along the centre of Pa-
troon street to the centre of Ten Broeck street; thence northerly along
the centre of Ten Broeck street to the centre of Lumber street; thence
westerly along the centre of Lumber street to the west bounds of the
late town of Colonie; thence southerly along said west bounds to the
centre of Patroon street; thence easterly along the centre of Patroon
street to the centre of Lark street; thence southerly along the centre of
Lark street to the centre of Spruce street; thence easterly along the cen-
tre of Spruce street to the centre of a street leading from Spruce to Canal
streets, of thirty-six Ryland feet in width; thence northerly along the
centre of said street to the centre of Canal street; thence easterly along
the centre of Canal street to the place of beginning.
NINTH WARD. Beginning at the intersection of Eagle and State
streets, and running thence northerly along the centre of Eagle street to
the centre of Spruce street; thence westerly along the centre of Spruce
street to the centre of Lark street; thence northerly along the centre of
Lark street to the centre of Patroon street; thence westerly along the
centre of Patroon street to the west bounds of the late town of Colonie;
thence southerly to the south side of Patroon street; thence westerly
along the north range of the city to the west bounds thereof; thence
southerly along said west bounds to the centre of Lydius street; thence
easterly along the centre of Lydius street to the centre of Main Avenue;
thence northerly through the centre thereof to the centre of State street;
thence easterly along the centre of State street to the place of beginning.
TENTH WARD. Beginning at the intersection of the centre of Eagle
street with the south bounds of the city, and running thence north through
the centre of Eagle street to the centre of State street; thence westerly
through the centre of State street to the centre of Main avenue; thence
southerly through the centre of Main avenue to the centre of Lydius
street; thence westerly along the centre of Lydius street to the west
bounds of the city; thence southerly along said west bounds to the south
bounds of the city; thence easterly along said south bounds to the place
of beginning.
 Banks. 31

BANKS.
The banks are open every day in the year, from ten A. M. to two p.
M., except Sundays and holidays. The interest for discount in the banks
in this city, is fixed at 7 per centum per annum. Three days of grace
are allowed, and the discount taken for the same. Every bill or note
offered for discount, must be delivered the day preceding: the day of dis-
count. Bills or notes lodged at the banks for collection, when protested
for non-payment, the person lodging the same pays the charge of pro-
test. Deposits of money, or notes for collection, must be entered in
dealer's book at the time of deposit. No interest allowed on deposits.
BANK OF ALBANY, No. 42 State street: incorporated April 10, 1792;
charter expires in 1855; capital, $240,000; shares, $30 each; dividends,
May and November; discount day, Thursday. Jacob H. Ten Eyck, pre-
sident; Jellis Winne, jr., cashier; J. H. Ten Eyck, Teunis Van Vechten,
Harmon Pumpelly. Henry Bleecker, Volkert P. Douw, William Walch,
Benjamin Tibbitts. David Newland. J. Winne, jr., Andrew D. Lansing,
Daniel Cady, directors; E. R. Phelps, teller; N. Bleecker, jr., book-
keeper; John Sill, discount clerk; Charles Lansing and Henry Wilkin-
son, clerks.
Reminiscences. A great many projects were on foot in the year 1792. The capi-
talistswere eager for a bank, and a meeting: was called on the 3d of February, at Lewis's
Tavern, (south side of State street, corner Pearl,) to discuss the subject. There was at
this time, it is believed, but one bank in the state, the Bank of Few York, the stock of
which was fifty per cent, above par. It was decided that the interests of the northern
part of the state required the location of a bank at Albany. Some one writing for the
newspapers, confidently asserted that a hundred thousand dollars would be Kubscribed in
a few hours in the city alone; but it was libernlly resolved that the neighboring places
should be permitted to share in the honors and emoluments of the enterprise. At a subse-
quent meeting, the outlines of a plan for the establishment of a bank were piesented. The
name of the institution to be The Albany Bank; the capital, $75,f>00, to be divided into
500 shares, of 8150 each: $15 to be paid on subscribing, and the remainder in three in-
stalments ; 13 directors to constitute the board, 9 of whom to be residents of the city.
Jeremiah Van Ren*selaer, Jacob Vanderheyden, and Barent Bleecker, were to open the
books for subscriptions in the week following, and to close them as soon as five hundred
shares should be subscribed. Accordingly the committee opened the books on the 17th
of February, and the stock was overrun in amount in less than three hours Alter the
books were closed, offers of 10 per cent, advance were made on the stock, and on Satur-
day, the day following, it rose to one hundred per cent. cash. Application was immedi-
ately made to the legislature for a charter, and as the prospect of its being granted was
more or less doubtful during the progress of the bill, the price of the stock rose r,r fell,
creating no excitement and speculation in this quiet region, where stock transac-
little
tions were quite a novelty. At one lime it is said to have stood at $100 premium on a
share upon which only $15 had been paid. Sit-phen Van Rensselaer was elected presi-
dent. Towards the close of the session the act of incorporation became a law. The
first election of directors was held on the 12th of June, at the
City Tavern, and resulted
as follows: Abraham Ten Broeck, Cornelius Glen, Stephen Van Kensselaer, Jeremiah
Van Rensselaer, John Maley, Abraham \ an Vechten, Henry Cuyler, John Stevenson,
James Caldwell, Jacob Vandei heyden, Goldsbrow Banvar, Daniel Hale, Elkanah W at-
son. At a meeting of the directors thus chosen, Abraham Ten Hroeck was elected pre-
sident. The bank was opened for deposits on the 16th of July, and began to discount on
the 17th. The rate of interest was 6 per cent. In September notice was given that notes
of 45 davs only would be discounted. 'I he act of incorporation limited the capital stock
to S'260,000; each share to be 400 Spanish milled dollars, or its equivalent This did not
exhaust the idle capital, and those who were unable to get bank stock, proposed to build
an aqueduct. Whether they designed to throw cold water on the farmer project does not
appear, but it will be allowed that their scheme promised to furnish an equally useful
circulating medium.
In 1797 a report was published in the New Vork papers that the Albany Bank had fail-
ed, on account of the great influx of counterfeits of its own bills. The bank had now
been in operation five years, aiid there bad not yet been a counterfeit discovered. Its af-
32 Banks.
fairs appear to have been managed with great prudence and considerable ability, and in
proportion to its capita], possessed more specie than any other bank in the country. The
current price of its stock was from 45 to 50 per cent, above par. The banking house was
originally located in Pearl street, and afterwards removed to the building next to the
Mansion House on the south; in February, 1S10, it was removed to the north rast corner
of State and Court streets, the present *ite of the Exchange; and when the latter building
was erected, the bank was removed to No. 42 State street, where it now remains.
NEW YORK STATE BANK, No. 69 State street: incorporated in 1803 ;
charter expires in 1851 ; capital, $369,000; shares, $28; dividends, 5 per
cent, serni-annually, in March and September; discount day, Monday.
Rufus H. Kins:, president; J. B. Plumb, cashier; Rufus H. King, G. Y.
Lansing, JoefRathbone, M. T. Reynolds, William Adams, R. Boyd, P.
Gansevoort, W. E. Bleecker, W. C. Miller, L. Chapin, J. B. Plumb, A.
Mclntyre, directors; H. A. Allen, teller; John S. Leake and H. S. Lan-
sing, book-keepers; John H. Van Antwerp, corresponding clerk; William
McHarg and John Strother, clerks; Isaac Fondey and James A. Chest-
ney, western department.
Reminiscences, This bank was incorporated with a capital of $460,000. At a meeting
of the directors on the 25th of March, 1803, John Taylor was chosen president, and John
W. Yales cashier. It commenced business on Wednesday, Sept. 7; banking hours from
9 to 12, and from 2 to 4. Notes offered for discount were to be drawn payable at the bank,
unless the drawer resided in the city of Albany or New York. Discounts were made for
86 days. In December the bank altered its hours of business, opening at 9, and closing
at 2. On the 10th of May, 1904, they commenced business in their new banking house,
where they have ever since continued. By the act of incorporation, the comptroller, to-
gether with John Taylor, Thomas Tillotson, Abraham G. Lansing, Peter Gansevoort,
Jr., Elkanah Watson, John R. Rleecker, Francis Bloodgood, John Robinson, Gilbert
Stewart, John D. P. Douw, Richard Lush, and Thomas Mather, were constituted the
first directors. The business was to be confined to the city of Albany, the rate of inte-
rest to be 6 per cent., and the state reserved the^right of subscribing 3000 shares.

MECHANICS' AVD FARMERS' BANK, corner of Broadway and Exchange

street: incorporated in 1811; charter expires in 1853; capital, $442,000;
shares, $17; dividends, semi-annually, in May and November; dis-
count days, Tuesdays and Fridays. Thomas W. Olcott, president;
Samuel S. Fowler, vice-president; Edward E. Kendrick, cashier; Thos.
W. Olcott, Samuel S. Fowler. Friend Humphrey, Henry Newman, Jameg
Kidd, Lemuel Steele, Thomas Hillhouse, Hugh Humphrey Harmanus
Bleecker, W. W. Forsyth, James B. Jermain, Robert Shepherd, directors;
Thomas Olcott, teller; O. M. Beach, second teller; Theodore Olcott, 2d,
third teller; Constantine Kowalski, general book-keeper; William Mc-
Hench, discount clerk; James A. Pratt, entry clerk; Edmund Winne,
clerk; John F. Jenkins, notary; John Highland, porter; T. W. Olcott,
pension agent; Lemuel Jenkins and Robert Shepherd, accountants.
Reminiscences. The history of the origin and infancy of this institution, would be
quite interesting to the present generation, since there were some phases in banking ope-
rations at that remote period, which are unknown now. The capital stock was limited
to 600,000 dollnrs. The first election for directors was held on Monday, June 1, 1812.
It seems to have been very generally understood among the stockholders for some time
previous, that two federalists should be admitted into the board, tho directors named in
the law being all democrats; but wl ose seats should be vacated for their admission, was
not so easily agreed upon. The election opened at 10 o'clock, at the Columbian Hotel,
in Court street, and was continued to a late hour in the afternoon. It was a warm and
animated contest, and finally resulted in the election of the following: Solomon South-
wick, president; Benjamin Knowcr, Elisha Dorr, Isaac Denniston, Benjamin Van Ben-
Ihuysen, William Fowler, George Merchant, Thomas Lennington, Giles W. Porter,
Willard Walker, Walter Weed, Peter Boyd and Isaac Hutton. The two latter were
elected in the place of Spencer Stafford and John Bryan. Of that board it is believed
there are three or four survivors. At the next annual election Isaac Hutton was elected
president, and the direction consisted of Thomas Lennington, Peter Boyd, Benjamin
 Banks. 33
Knower, Russell Forsyth, William Fowler, William Boyd, Elisha Dorr, Walter Weed,
Giles W. Porter, Benjamin Van Benthuysen, Charles E. Dudley and Thomas Herring.
This bank has ever been conducted with signal ability and success.
COMMERCIAL BANK, No 40 State street: incorporated in 1825; charter
expired in 1847, and the institution is now under the general banking
law; capital, $300,000; shares, $20; dividends, July and January;
discount days, Mondays and Thursdays. John Townsend, president;
John L. Schoolcraft, vice-president; James Taylor, cashier; John Town-
send, J. L. Schoolcraft, John Gott, James Homer, Augustus James,
Giles Sanford, James D. Wasson. Robert H. Pruyn, Andrew White,
Anthony M. Strong, Anthony Gould, William C. Durant; John B. Was-
son, teller; Frederick S. Pease, book-keeper; George C. Lee, Charles
Lansing, James G. Stafford, clerks; John F. Batchelder, discount and
Savings Bank clerk.
Reminiscences On the 20th of October, 1813, John Bogart, George Webster, E. F.
Backus, Joseph H. Webb and Vinal Luce gave notice of application to ihe legislature
for a charter to incorporate the Albany Commercial Bank, with a capital of 81, 250,000.
The banking capital of the state was at this time 20,350 000, exclusive of 9810,000 which
the state reserved the privilege of subscribing; making an aggregate $21,160,000. Noticed
of application were now given for eighteen more hanks, with an aggregate capital of $15,-
250,000. Three of these were from Albany, viz.: the Merchants' Hank, Commercial
Bank, and North River Bank; in New York, Millers' Bank, Grocers' Bark, Commission
Company, Coal Company, Patent Cloth Manufacturing Company, Nortii River Compa-
ny, Vermont Mining and Smelting Company; also one at Utica, Schenectady, Johnstown,
Cooperstown, Auburn, Canandaigua, Geneva and Oxford, No bank, however, was
chartered in Albany until 1825, when the Commercial Bank went into operation, having
no connection with the one above contemplated The present bauk has at different times
lost nearly the whole amount of its capital by peculation, but by extraordinary good ma-
nagement recovered itself again, and enjoys a high reputation for its soundness and tbo
ability of its officers.

CANAL BANK, No. 40 State street: incorporated in 1829; charter ex-

pires in 1854; capital, $300,000; shares, $20. This bank failed in July,
1848, the first bank failure in Albany, and its affairs are in the hands of
a receiver.
ALBANY CITY BANK, No. 47 State street: incorporated in 1834; char-
ter expires in 1864; capital, $500,000; shares, $100; dividends, April and
October; discount days, Tuesdays and Fridays. Eraslus Corning, pre-
sident; Watts Sherman, cashier; Erastus Corning, Ellis Baker, Martin
Van Alstyne, Bradford R. Wood, William Seymour, John V. L. Pruyn,
John Knower, James M. Cook. Watts Sherman, William Smith. William
Humphrey, H. H. Martin, Eli Perry, directors; C.L. Garfield, teller; D.
W. C.Rice and John T. Marshall, book-keepers; Isaac Fondey, discount
clerk and notaryp ublic; Simeon J. Leake, corresponding clerk; T. A.
Knower, in western department; Jacob Downing, jr., Dudley Van Vliet,
F. Van Vliet and Story, clerks.
ALBANY EXCHANGE BANK, No. 3 Exchange Building: certificates
filed December 11, 1838, to continue 662 years; capital $311.100, with
privilege to increase to $10,0 0,000; dividends, January and July; dis-
count days, Tuesdays and Fridays. George W. Stanton, president;
Noah Lee, cashier; George W. Stanton, Samuel Stevens, James Me-
Naughton, John Taylor, Oliver Steele, John M
Newton, Ichabod L.
Judson, Samuel Pruyn, Galen Batchelder, Gaylor Sheldon, L. G. Tay-
lor, William McElroy, F. J. Barnard, directors; Andrew McElroy teller ;
Joseph M. Lovelt, bookkeeper; Wm. H. Lee, discount clerk; John
Ward, clerk.
34 Insurance Companies.
ALBANY SAVINGS BANK: incorporated in 1820
being the oldest in the
;

state. Open at the Commercial Bank, No. 40 State

street, every day,
to receive deposits. It pays an interest of 5 per cent, per annum to de-

positors, payable half-yearly, on the third Wednesday in January and

July. John Townsend, president Teunis Van Vechten, 1st vice-presi-
;

dent; Samuel Stevens, 2d vice-president; John L. Winne, 3d vice presi-

dent William Fewton, William McHarg, James Taylor, Rufus H. King,
;

Jacob H. Ten Eyck, Gerrit Y. Lansing, John I. Boyd, Frederick I. Bar-

nard, Benjamin Tibbits, James Stevenson, William E. Bleecker, Robert
H. Pruyn, Harmon Pumpelly, James D. Wasson, Friend Humphrey, di-
rectors James Taylor, treasurer Robert H. Pruyn, secretary.
;
:
Open,
during banking hours, from 10 to 2 o'clock.

INSURANCE COMPANIES.
ALBANY INSURANCE COMPANY, No. 56 State street: incorporated March
8, 1811;charter expires 1851; capital, $300,000; shares, $60. Teunis
VanVechten, president; Stephen Groesbeck, secretary; Gerrit Y. Lan-
sing, Rufus H. King, Augustus James, Marcus T. Reynolds, Lewis
Benedict, Archibald Mclntyre, John Townsend, Wm. C. Miller, Henry
Bleecker, Jacob H. Ten Eyck, Herman Pumpelly, John T. Cooper, di-
rectors.
The original charter fixed the shares at 8100, and limited the number at 500. The di-
rectors named in the actof incorporation were, Elisha Jenkins, Philip S. Van Rensselaer,
Isaiah Townsend, Dudley Walsh, Henry Guest jr., Charles Z. Plan, Simeon De Witt,
Stephen Lush, Chas. D. Cooper, Thomas Gould, John Woodworlh, Peter Gansevoort,
Christian Miller.
FIREMEN'S INSURANCE COMPANY, corner of State and Green streets;
Incorporated in 1831; charter expires 1861; capital, $150,000; shares,
$10. James Stevenson, president; Richard Van Rensselaer, secretary;
John Taylor, Peter Gansevoort, Thomas McElroy, Hush Humphrey,
George \V. Stanton, Lemuel Steele, Egbert Egberts, William Adams,
Lansing Pruyn, John M. Newton, Lyman Chapin, Benjamin Tibbits,
Stephen Van Rensselaer, Henry Newman, Gerrit V S. Bleecker, Joel
Rathbone, E. P. Prentice, A. E. Brown, Joseph Davis, J. H. Ten Eyck,
C. A. De Forest, Andrew White, S. S. Peck, A. Van Vorst, directors.
MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY OF THE CITY AND COUNTY OF ALBANY,
No. 450 Broadway: incorporated in 1836; charter expires 1856. Eras-
tus Corning, president; Matthew Trotter, secretary; B. P. Staats, Eli
Perry, Watts Sherman, Daniel Fry, H. H. Martin, Giles Sanford, John
Knower, J. G. Cotrell, Peter Relyea, Ellis Baker, John Van Valken-
burgh, Jared A. Post, directors.
MUTUAL BENEFIT LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, S. Groesbeck, agent,
No. f>6 State street.
AMERICAN MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, William C. Miller,
agent. No. 56 State street.
NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY OF LONDON, Wm.
Lacy, agent, Argus Office.
FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY OF HARTFORD, CT., D. S. Durrie, agent,
Albany.
 Clergy.
EQUITABLE LIFE INSURANCE, ANNUITY AND TRUST COMPANY, L.
Birdseye, agent, No. 59 State street.
CITY FIEE INSURANCE COMPANY or NEW YORK, P. W. Groot, agent,
No. 49 State street.
-<TNA FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY OF HARTFORD, CT., John F. Jen-
kins, agent, No. 7 Commercial Buildings.
PROTECTION INSURANCE COMPANY OF HARTFORD, CT., John F. Jen-
kins, agent, No. 7 Commercial Buildings.
PROTECTION INSURANCE COMPANY OF NEW JERSEY, L. Norton, agent,
No. 10 Douw's Buildings.
EAGLE LIFE AND HEALTH INSURANCE COMPANY OF NEW YORK, C. W.
Bentley, No. 80 Quay street; Wm. C. Schuyler, No. 10 Douw's Buildings;
S. P Carter, at Wells & Co.'s Express Office, agents.
MUTUAL SAFETY INSURANCE COMPANY OF NEW YORK, J.W. Ford,
agent, No. 460 Broadway.
LEXINGTON FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY, Heminway 8c
Dowd, agents, No. 2. Exchange, first floor.
COLUMBUS INSURANCE COMPANY OF NEW YORK, H. C. Southwick.
agent, No. 15 Exchange, first floor.
NORTH AMERICAN FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, S. Groesbeck, agent,
No. 56 State street.
CAMDEN FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY OF NEW JERSEY,
C. \V. Bentley, agent, No. 80 Quay street.
NATIONAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, E. Satterlee, agent, No. 61
State street.
LEXINGTON FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY, agent.
FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY AT SOMERVILLE, Lambert
Norton, agent, No. 10 Douw's Buildings.
HOPE MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF HARTFORD, CT., Henry
R. Gosman, agent, No. 440 Broadway.
NORTH WESTERN INSURANCE COMPANY, J. W. Ford agent, No. 460
3

Broadway.

CLERGY.
J. W.Belknap, Arbor Hill Meth., J. Miles, Bethel,
S. D. Brown, Washingston st.
" S. F. Morrow, Associate Pres.,
J N. Campbell, 1st Presbyterian, J. Newbourg, Bethel Jacob,
W. H. Campbell, South Dutch, H. N. Pohlman, Evan. Eb. Luth.,
W. S. Clapp, Green st. Baptist, H. Potter, St. Peter's,
J. Clark, Hudson st. Methodist, Wm. Putnam, St. Mary's,
J. J. Conroy, Ct. Joseph's, T. R. Rawson, City Missionary,
B. M. Hall, Garretson Station, L. A. Sandford, Ferry st. Meth.,
E. A. Huntington, 3d Presbyterian, F. W. Schmidt, Ger. Evan. Luth.,
D. Kennedy, North Dutch, E. Selkirk, Trinity,
W. I. Kip, St. Paul's, W. B. Sprague, 2d Presbyterian,
T. A. Kyle, St. Mary's, R. Warren, State st. Baptist,
M. Lawer, German Methodist, B. T. Welch, North Pearl "
u '' "
J. Lowrey, Wesleyan Barry, South
B. M. Martin, 4th Presbyterian, I. Wise, Synagogue,
J. McCloskey, bishop, Cathedral, I. N. Wyckoff, Middle Dutch.
P. McCloskey, St. John's,
36 Practicing Attorneys.
PRACTICING ATTORNEYS.
Otis Allen, Nicholas Hill, Jr., Julius Rhoades,
C. L. Austin, Robert J. Hilton, A. D. Robinson,
R. L. G. Bancroft, W. J. D. Hilton, James R. Rose,
D. D. Barnard, L. D. Holstein, James B. Sanders,
W. Barnes, Thomas D. James, M. Sanford,
L.Benedict, Jr., Sur'gateCharles M. Jenkins, William C. Schuyler,
Lucien Birdseye, B. P. Johnson. George Scoville,
A. Blanchard, R. L. Joice, Jacob M. Settle,
Charles H. Bramhall, N. G. King, S. O. Shepherd,
Dudley Burwell, Hale Kingsley, E. J. Sherman,
J. B. Brinsmade, Jr., James L'Amoreaux, Cyrus Stevens,
James Brown, W. L. Learned, John C. Spencer,
John I. Burton, Charles B Lansing, Samuel Stevens,
Peter Cagger, L. J. Lansing, Alfred B. Street,
J. Callanan. Jr., Jacob Lansing, J. B. Sturtevant,
D. Campbell, E. C. Litchfield, Azor Taber,
William R Cantine, John A. Livingston, Cornelius Ten Broeck,
William Cassidy, J. D. Livingston, A. Ten Eyck,
John Cole, H. H. Martin, M. Trotter,
John A. Collier, H. S. McCall, John J. Tyler,
Joseph S. Colt, W. C.
McHarg, T. B. Van Buren,
A. J. Colvin, Matthew McMahon, J. S. Van Rensselaer,
S. Daniels, Jr., D. McMartin, S. D. Van Schaack,
Amos Dean, Orlando Meads, Teunis Van Vechten,
E. F. De Lancey, W. D. Morange, Abraham Van Vechten,
E. A. Doolittle, A. Morrell, H. C.VanVorst,
Isaac Edwards, John Newland, C. C. Wasson,
James Edwards, Richard H. Northrup, Robert D. Wasson.
F. S. Edwards, John Olcott, Wm. G. Weed,
M. Fairchild, J. F. OToole, Robert H. Wells,
Wm. W. Frothingham, William S. Paddock, J. I. Werner,
Dennis B. Gaffney, S. Paddock, Jr., Henry G. Wheaton,
Albert Gallup, Levi H. Palmer, James M. Whelpley,
Peter Gansevoort, William Parmelee, A. D. L. Whipple,
F. W. Gibb, S. H. H. Parsons, William D. White,
Stephen Groesbeck, George W. Peckham, Jonas Wickes,
William J. Hadley, R. W. Peckham, John Q. Wilson,
S.H.Hammond, Dis.dtty Calvin Pepper, G. L. Wilson,
Nathan Hawley, Calvin Pepper, Jr., E. S. Willett,
Ira Harris, John Percy, Bradford R. Wood,
Hamilton Harris, John K. Porter, D. Wright, Recorder,
John E. Hermans, John V. L. Pruyn, Horace Wyman,
S. F. Hisgins, Robert H. Pruyn, T. G. Younglove,
John J. Hill, C. A. PugsJey, Wm. A. Young.
Marcus T. Reynolds,

DENTISTS.
J. C. Austin, David Newcomb,
Josephus Brockway, Jr., N. B. Sherwood,
J. Monroe, S. Van Namee,
Alexander Nelson, U. H. Wheeler.
Robert Nelson, J. S. Wood.
 Practicing Physicians. 37

PRACTICING PHYSICIANS.
James H. Armsby, Barent P. Staats,
William Bay, Peter P. Staats,
U. G. Bigelow, B. A. Sheldon,
James P. Boyd, Rufus B. Spcrry,
James M. Brown, John Swinburne,
Carhart. R. H. Thompson,
J. H. Case, John F. Tow nsend,
r

Edward H. Clark, John H. Trotter,

Mason F. Cogswell, Peter Van Buren,
James Cox, John Van Buren,
Dr. Curtis, Peter Van OLinda,
H. B. Fay, dims House. Physician, C. C. Waller,
D. E Fonda, Peter Wendell,
John 0. Flagler, Herman Wendell,
Samuel H. Freeman, David Wiltsie,
Edmund E. W. Gale, Joel A. Wing,
Patrick Gannon, William I. Young,
C. C. Griffin, E. D. Jones,
Otto Heinsius, J. A. Paine,
John W. Hinkley, Henry D. Paine, Hom&opalhic,
Thomas Hun, Horace M. Paine,
Abel Lyon, J. M.Ward,
James McNaughton, Noah S. Dean,
Peter McNaughton, John Fondey,
Alexander McNaughton, Andrew W. Russell, Botanic, }

Alden March, William B. Stanton, |

Nicholas Markey, Gerrit Westervelt, J

David Martin, George Cooke, Lock Hospital,
John V. P. Quackenbush, Dr. Lacroix, Lock Dispensary.

ALBANY CHARTER OFFICERS.

The original charter of the city of Albany was granted by Gov. Don-
gan, on the 22d of July, 1686, and the following persons were the first
who officiated under the charter.
Aldermen. Assistant Jlldermcn-
Peter Schuyler, Mayor, Dirk Wessels, Joachim Staats,
Isaac Swinton, Recorder, Jan Jans Bleecker, John Lansing,
Robert Livingston, Clerk, David Schuyler, Isaac Verplanck,
Jan Bleecker, Chamberlain, Johannis Wendell, Lawrence Van Ale,
Richard Pretty, Sheriff, Lavinus Van Schaack, Albert Ruyckman,
James Parker, Marshal. Adrian Garretse. Melgert Winantse.
These were good substantial Dutch burghers, as their names indicate.
The charter has undergone important alterations since that day, and the
city councils are filled with the descendants of all nations and tongues
upon earth. The succession of mayors from 1686 to 1848, will be found
on page 25. The annual election takes place in April, and the follow,
ing are the present city officers, who hold their places until April, 1349.
38 Officers of the City of Albany.
OFFICERS OF THE CITY OF ALBANY.
Clerk L. D. Holstein.
Chamberlain Christopher W. Bender.
Deputy Chamberlain H. H. Hickcox.
Attorney Hooper C. Van Vorst.
Surveyor George W. Carpenter.
Assistant Surveyor Samuel
McElroy.
Marshal Nelson Scovel.
Overseer of the Poor Thomas Kirkpatrick.
Superintendent of the dims Hoiu>e John Morgan.
Superintendent of the N. D. David Benson.
Superintendent of the S. D. Geoige H. Herbert.
Police Justices John O. Cole and S H. H. Parsons.
Deputy Excise Officer- C. W. Bender.
Superintendent of the Markets Jacob Featherly.
Chief Engineer of the Fire Department James P. Gould.
dssiitant Engineers P. B. Leddy, J. Parker. S. P. Winne, R. J. Grant,
G. W. Burdick.
dims House Physician Henry B. Fay.
City Physicians 1st district, James M. Brown; 2d, John Swinburne;
3d, Alexander W. McNaughton; 4ih, Alfred Clark; 5th; B. A. Sheldon.
Police Constables George Brainard, EJisha Mack 3d, Thomas Cowell,
Charles Phillips, B. B. Whalen, Robert Nixon.
Ciiy Inspectors 1st and 2d wards, John Milliman; 3d and 4th, Wm.
Leggat; 5ih and 6th, Harmon G. Wynkoop; 7th and 8th, S.V. A. Hilton}
9th and 10th, Richard Bygate.
Captains cf the Night Police John Vandervolgen, Absalom Sharp,
Henry Poltenburgh, Levi Ewing, John N. Parker, Walter Coleman.
Assistant Captains James L. Coley, Nicholas W. Groot, William F,
Peacock, Henry Hubbell, Royall Thompson, Joseph Coughlry.
Inspector of Weights and Measures Paul C. Barney.
Fence Viewers John Morgan, Barent Sanders,.
Receiver of Taxes H. H. Hickcox, deputy chamberlain.
Supervisors 1st ward. Richard Parr; 2d, Matthew McMahon; 3d, J,
Hurdis; 4th, Franklin Townsend; 5th, Wm. White; 6th, Samuel Pruyn;
7th, George W. Welch; 8lh, Oliver Wallace; 7th, James A. Tiemere;
10th, Adam Van Allen.
Assessors 1stward. Philip Foy; 2d, Abraham M. Purdy; 3d, James
P. Gould; 4th, Cyrus L. Woodruff: 5th, Levi Chapman; 6th, Garret L.
Winne; 7th, Josiah Patterson; 8th, Myers Henderer; 9th, Sylvester
Rathbone; 10th, Job R. Borden.
Ward Constables 1st ward, John McDonald 2d, John Kinney 3d,
; ;

Daniel Van Buskirk; 4th, Amos Dodge; 5th, John R. Peacock; 6th, Ar-
chibald Thompson 7th, Samuel Winchester; 8th, FiancisBray; 9th,
;

William Pearcey; 10th, S V. R. Braytcn.

School Commissioners Gerrit V. S. Bleecker, John O. Cole, John
Simpson, Eli Perry, Henry B. Haswell, John O. Flagler, James Maherj
George W. Carpenter, Thomas Me Elroy.
Justices of the Justices' Court Abraham Morrell, Conrad A. Ten
Eyck, David Russell; David Kussell, clerk.
Harbor Master Thomas Hillson, Jr.
Dock Matter John L. Hyatt.
U. S. Collector of Customs Albert Gallup.
 Common Council and Standing Committees.
COMMON COUNCIL.
John Taylor, Mayor. James McNaughton.
Deodatus Wright, Recorder. Qlhward J. A. Livingston,
1st ward Wm. L. Osborn, Charles M. Jenkins.
Lucien B. Laney. lihward John Benson,
2d ward George B. Riggs, William Gillespie.
John \V. Harcourt. 8th ward P. M. McCall,
3d ward Charles W. Godard, John Harrison.
Stephen T. Thorn. 9thward William Gumming,
4t h ward George T. Ladue, Richard H. Thompson,
Abram Koonz. Wth ward Michael Artcher,
bthward Henry Bleecker, Daniel E. Basselt.

STANDING COMMITTEES.
.Academies and Schools Thompson, Gillespie, Godard.
Accounts Bleecker. McCall, Thompson.
.Applications to the Legislature McNaushton, Harcourt, Bleecker.
dims House Artcher, McCall, McNaughton.
Board of Health Mayor, Recorder, McNaughlon, Laney, Riggs.
Board of Magistrates Recorder, Livingston, Jtnkins, Osborn, Har-
rison. Cummins.
City Hall Mayor, Recorder, Harrison, Benson, Bassett, Artcher.
Engines Gumming, Harrison, Thorn.
Fcrry-r-Thorn, Riggs, Lad UP.
Finance Jenkins, Lanev, Bleecker.
Flagging and Paving, Af. D. Livingston, McCall, Bleecker.
Flagging and Paving, S D. Bassett, Laney, Koonz,
Lamps Koonz, Benson, Jenkins.
Law Recorder, Osborn, Jenkins.
Levels Godard, Harcourt, Cumminr,
Markets Ladue Gillespie. Koonz.
Navigation Godard, Harcourt, Ladue.
Night Po/iee Artcher, Osborn, Lad'ie.
Police Gumming, Harrison, Koonz.
Streets Bassett, Rigss, Godard.
Wells and Pumps Thompson, Gillespie, Thorn,
Livingston, McCall, Bleecker.

ALBANY GALLERY OF FINE ARTS.

The following gentlemen were elected trustees at the annual meeting
held on the evening of the 1st of January, viz: John L. Schoolcraft, E.
Satterlee,J. McD. Mclntyre, Dr. Herman Wendell, Wm. W. Forsylh,
Orlando Meads, Dr. David Ncwcornb, James Kidd, Dr. J. A. .Armsby.

ALBANY EXCHANGE COMPANY.

Directors. John Townsend, John O. Wilson, James McNaughton,
Samuel Stevens, R. H. King, Andrew White, Friend Humphrey,
40 Incorporated Companies, fyc.

ALBANY WATER WORKS COMPANY.

The officers and trustees of the Albany Water Works are as fol-
lows:
O. Meads, Treasurer. datus Wright, recorder (ex offi-
John Meads, Robert Boyd, Eli cio), Trustees.
Perry, Wm. E. Bleecker, Deo-

ALBANY HYDRANT COMPANY.

The following are the trustees of this company for the year commenc-
ing July, 1848. John Townsend. Erastus Corning, Watts Sherman,
James D. Wasson, Rufus W. Peckham, John Taylor, John C. Spencer.

DE WITT CLINTON ENGINE NO. 2.

At an annual meeting of this company, held at their house, Dec. 23,

1848, the following were the officers elected for the ensuing year:
Wm. O'Brien, Foreman. James Jones, Clerk.
Wm. Kilbourne, 1st Assistant. Richard Waddy, Steward.
Peter Donelley, 2d Assistant.

EAGLE ENGINE CO. NO. 7.

At a meeting of Eagle Engine No. 7, held December 27th, 1848, the
following persons were elected officers for the enguing year:
Edward Stevens, Foreman. J S. Harrison, Steward.
Julius Tremper, 1st Assistant. Edmund Stevens, T. A. Johnstone,
C. M. Beach, 2d Assistant. Delegates to Fire Department.
L. W. Murray, Clerk.

NEPTUNE ENGINE CO. NO. 10.

At a meeting of Neptune Engine Co. No. 10, held at their house on
the evening of December 22, 1848, the following gentlemen were elected
officers of said company for the ensuing year:
Archibald Young, Foreman. Samuel N. Payn, Clerk.
Benjamin Turner, 1st Assistant. Jno. Hayden, Steward.
Sylvester Lawler, 2d Assistant. Patrick McLaughlan, Treasurer.

ALBANY AND COHOES RAIL ROAD COMPANY,

The following were elected officers of this company; M. T. Reynolds,
John L. Schoolcraft, E. P. Prentice, James Edwards, Theodore Olcolt,
Archibald McClure, James Kidd, A. White, C.F.Crosby, David Ha-
milton, Egbert Egberts, Wm. N. Chadwick.

MOHAWK AND HUDSON RAIL ROAD.

John T. Norton, Watts Sherman, Rufus H. King, Gerrit
Directors.
Y. Lansing, Edward C. Delavan, Harmen Pumpelly. H. H. Martin, Au-
gustus James, Isaac Newton.
Office, Dean streetj above Maiden lane.
 Benevolent Societies, fyc.
41
FIRST GREAT WESTERN TURNPIKE.
Directors. Gerrit Y. Lansing, Teunis Van Veehten, Gideon Hawley,
John V. L. Pruyn, John Townsend, C. Y. Lansing, R. J. Hilton, Henry
Bleecker, John T. Cooper, Jacob H. Ten Eyck, Robert H. Pruyn, \Vm.
C. Miller, Stephen Groesbeek.

ALBANY AND BETHLEHEM TURNPIKE.

Directors. Marcus T. Reynolds, Rufus H. Kin?, Philip S. Van Rens-
selaer, Wm. McHarg,Joel Rathbone. John V. L.'Prvyn, Robert Boyd,
Ezra P. Prentice, George Dexter.

CHRISTIAN MUTUAL BENEFIT ASSOCIATION.

Officers for the year 1849.
Friend Humphrey, President. Thos.W. Valentine, Rec'g Sec'y.
Isaac P. Hand, Edward B. Slason, Wm. Tuton, Financial Secretary.
Vice-Presidents. Noah Lee, Treasurer.
Abram Kirk, Corresponding Sec'y.
Place of meeting, Sons of Temperance Hall, No. 7 North Pearl street,
on the 1st and 3d Tuesday evenings in each month.

BOARD OF TRADE.
This association of dealers commenced business on tie 15th of May,
1848. The following are its officers:

William Chapman, President. Rufus K. Viele, Treasurer.

Benj. C. Raymond, 1st Vice- Pres. Chas. Wright, M. H. Read, 0. N.
Thos. Schuyler, 2d Vice-President. Chapin, T. P. Crook, John
David H. Carey, Sec'y. Tweedle, Com. of Reference.

HIBERNIAN PROVIDENT SOCIETY.

On the 17th April, 1833, Jas. Halliday, Jas. Maher, Patrick Cassidy,
William L. Osborne, Peter C. Doyle, Thomas Gough, Wm.
O'Donnell,
Michael Cagger, and others, were incorporated under the name of the Hi-
bernian Provident Society, the avowed objects of which were charitable;
" to create a fund
by a general subscription among the members, which
should contribute to their mutual advantage; if, by reason of sickness,
they should at any time become destitute of the conveniences of life; and
also to organize in one body a numerous class of Irishmen residing in
this city, and to concentrate their moral energies, so as to bring fairly
before the American people the republican features of their national
character; that a number of individuals should combine and reserve a
portion of the fruits of their industry, while enjoying health and happi-
ness, for the establishment of a fund for their support, when overtaken
by misfortunes or infirmities; especially, that a body of men who have
been oppressed in their native land, by a despotic government, and who
are influenced by the same associations and sympathies, and are led on
by the same devotion in the path of freedom, should associate together
for the purpose of vindicating their national character, and of procuring
42 Benevolent Societies.
for themselves, in a proper time, the privileges of American citizeas."
The officers of the society for the year 1848, are as follows:
Patrick Grady, President. Michael Fives, Corresponding Se-
John Reynolds, 1st Vice-president. cretary.
Joseph Clinton, 2d do. Richard Brown, Treasurer.
John Daly, Recording Secretary. Nicholas Markey, Physician.

ST. ANDREW'S SOCIETY.

This society held its 47th anniversary, on the 30lh of November last.
It was organized on the 10th of October, 1803, and celebrated the na-
tivityof its patron saint on the 30th of November following. At the first
election of officers, the following persons were chosen; John Stevenson,
president, Geo Ramsey, vice-president; Andrew Brown, 2d vice-presi-
dent; Rev. John McDonald, chaplain; Dr. Wm.McCelland, physician;
William Milroy, treasurer; Archibald Mclntyre, secretary; Peter Boyd,
assistant secretary; and Daniel Cumming, Peter Sharpe, John Kirk,
John Grant, George Pearson, Thomas Barker, Wm. French, John D.
Cunningham, managers. It will be perceived that but one of the above
is now left among us, but their names will be familiar to the older citi-
zens. The avowed object of the society was to afford relief to poor
}

and unfortunate Scottish immigrants, without regard to religious or po-

litical distinctions; and we are informed that its finances are in a very

flourishing condition, and that a large amount is anually dispensed for

benevolent purposes. At a meeting held at the City Hotel, on the 9th
Dec., 1848, the following were elected officers of the Society for the en-
suing year:
James Taylor, President. James Dickson, Secretary.
Andrew Kirk, 1st Vice President. Daniel Campbell, Assistant Sec'y.
D. D. Ramsay, 2d Vice President. Alexander Gray, Peter Smith, Na
Peter Bullions, Chaplain. than Algie, Hugh Dickson, Geo,.
James McNaughton, Physician. Young, Managers.
William Gray, Treasurer.

MECHANICS' BENEFIT SOCIETY.

At
the annual election of this Society, held on the 7th Aug., the fol-
lowing persons were elected for the ensuing year:
Eli Abby, President. J.W. Hinkley, Physician.
W. A. Carr, Wm. Vosburgh, Vice- S. G. Mink, Alex. Selkirk, L. G.
Presidents. Hoffman, J. P. Wilson, Thos. E.
Jas. A. Buckbee, Treasurer. Lee, T. M. Sulliff, J. H. Bowne,
R S. Cushman, Secretary. Oliver Houlle, Wm. A. F. Mo
S. L. Hodgkins, Assistant Secrt tary. Nab, Wm. A. Rice, Stewards.

ALBANY SOCIETY OF BROTHERLY LOVE.

Israelites, was incorporated by net of legislature, May
This Society of
avowed objects being charitable and benevolent, to afford
7, 1844, its
members in case of sickness and infirmity. The persons
relief to its
named in the act oi incorporation, were Moses Schloss, Solomon Mark,
Isaac Cohen, Lewis Sporborg, and Myer Stern.
 43
Religious Societies, fyc.

ALBANY CITY TRACT SOCIETY.

The annual meeting of the Society, for the election of officers and di-
rectors for the ensuing year was held on the 26th Oct., 1843.
Friend Humphrey, President. Geo. B. Hoyt, Walter R. Bush,
Hugh Humphrey, Robert Boyd, R. N. Strong, G. W. Benjamin,
Wm.
V. DeWitt, LemM Jenkins, Wm. Jeremiah Waterman, James B.
Wm. Daniel
C. Miller, McElroy, Vice- Sanders, H. S. McCall,
Presidents. Campbell, Abram Kirk, Daniel
Erastus H. Pease, Secretary. Fry,G.C.Treadwell,T.R.Ra\Y-
Philip Phelps, Treasurer. son, William Gibson, Rufus K-
Alexander Folsom. Matthew Trot- Viele, Directors.
ter, Austin H. Wells, T. S. Berry,

ALBANY COUNTY BIBLE SOCIETY.

Officers for 1848.
Rev. Wm. B. Sprague, D. D., Pre- Pohlman, D. D., F. W. Schmidt,
sident. Andrew Witherspoon, Luman A .

Rev. J. N. Campbell, D.D., 1st Vice- Sandford. Thomas Armitage, J.

President. Belknap, Messrs. Archibald
W,
Rev. I. N. Wyckoff, D. D., 2d Vice- Mclntyre, Rensselaer Weslerlo,
President. Nathaniel Davis, Israel Smith,
Philip Phelps, Rec'g Sec'y. Daniel Fry, Abraham Keyser,
Lemuel Jenkins, Cor'g Sec'y. George W. Benjamin, Managers.
William C. Miller, Treasurer. Rev. Dr. J. N. Campbell, Wm. C.
Rev. Ezra A. Huntington, D. D., Miller, Nathaniel Davis, Dan'l
Duncan Kennedy, D. D., William Fry, Ex. Com.
H Campbell, D. D., Henry N.

ALBANY COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY.

At an annual meeting of the Albany County Medical Society, held at
the City Hall, November 14th, 1848, the following named persons were
elected as its officers, viz:

James McNaughton, President. P. McNaughton, Jas. H. Armsby,

John Swinburne, Vice President. U. G. Bigelow, J. H. Case, and
B. A. Sheldon, Secretary. David R. Burris, County Censors.
C. C. Walker, Treasurer. Richard H. Tompson, delegate to
C. C. Griffin, Librarian. State Medical Society for 4 years.

ALBANY AND RENSSELAER HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Joel Rathbone, President. Amos Bris:ss, S. E. Warren, J. M.
D. Thos. Vail, Herman Wendell, Lovett, Wm. Bruswell, J. McD.
E. P. Prentice, V. P. Douw, Vice- Mclntyre, James Henry, William
Presidents. Newcomb, James Wilson, A,
B. P. Johnson. Secretary. Osborn.
A. E. Brown, Treasurer.
Annual meeting in July.
44 Military Companies.
ALBANY REPUBLICAN ARTILLERY.
The following persons are the officers for 1848:
CIVIL. Edward Riley, 1st Lieutenant.
George Fredenrich, President. Philip Guardenier, 2d Lieutenant.
Joseph Baker, Vice- President. Michael Bennett, Orderly Serg't.
Edward Riley, Secretary. Hiram Putnam, Geo. Fredenrich,
Jacob Fredendall, Treasurer. John Murdon, Sergeants.
Wm. H. Guardenier, Joseph Baker,
MILITARY. John Guardenier, Edward Gre-
Jacob Fredendall, Captain. gory, Corporals.

ALBANY BURGESSES CORPS.

The officers of this company are as follows:
CIVIL. W. K. Whitney, Orderly Sergeant.
John F. Schults, President. J. Whalen, J. Hogan, F. H. Kee-
Wm. H. Low, Vice- President. ler, Sergeants.
J. C. Cuyler, Secretary. James Weed, John Duff, S. Wil-
S. W. Whitney, Assistant
Sec'y. kins, R. Henly, Corporals.
F. H. Keeler, Treasurer.
STAFF.
MILITARY. Cyrus Stevens, Quarter Master.
Wm. J.
Thomas, Captain. H. Van OLinda. Pay Master.
E. J.
Lansing, 1st Lieuteuant. J. F. Schults, Surgeon.
E. R. Brower, 2d Lieuteuant. Wm. Davis, Chaplain.
C. Jordan, 3d Lieutenant.

ALBANY EMMET GUARDS.

The following are the officers for 1848-9:
CIVIL. N. Hussey, 1st Lieutenant.
James W. Morange, President. P. H. Griffin, 2d Lieutenant.
Wm. Dwyre, Vice-President. John Dunden, 3d Lieutenant.
P. T. Hewett, Secretary. Thos. Kellett, Orderly Sergeant.
Mich'l O'Sullivan, Assistant Sec'y. P. O'Conner, M. Cassidy, J. Me-
P. Maher, Treasurer. Manus, Sergeants.
Wm. Maloy, B. Cooney, J. Feeney,
MILITARY. Michael O'Suliivan, Corporals.
John Osborn, Captain.

ALBANY WASHINGTON RIFLEMEN.

The following are the officers of this company:
CIVIL. Wm. P. Faff, 1st Lieutenant.
Wm. P. Paff, President. Hen. Schweitzer, 2d Lieutenant.
Lochner, Secretary. J. Huber, Orderly Sergeant.
Fr. Shadelle, Treasurer. G. Lochner, Th. Hoffman, Dl.
Frederick, Sergeants.
MILITARY. J. Ranseler, Wrn. Smite, J. Roshe,
Chris. Triger, President. J. Bahmer, Corporals.
 Odd Fellows Sons of Temperance Masons. 45

1. 0. OF 0. F.
American No. 32, Wednesday evening, at Cooper's Building.
City Degree No. 11, Tuesday evening, Broadway, cor. Steuben.
City Philanthropic No. 5, Fiiday evening, at Cooper's Building.
Clinton No. 7, Monday evening, corner of Broadway and Steuben.
En-Hakkore Encampment No. 5, meets on the second and fourth
Saturdays of each month, at Cooper's Building.
Excelsior Degree No. 15, meets on the first and third Fridays
of each month, at Odd Fellow's Hall, corner of Green and Beaver.
Fireman's No. 19, Friday evening, Odd Fellow's Hall, corner of
Green and Beaver.
German Colonial No. 16, Monday evening, Odd Fellow's Hall,
corner of Green and Beaver.
Herman's Degree No. 31, meets first and third Wednesdays of
each month, in Church, near Ferry.
Hope Lodge No. 3, meets Tuesday evening, at Cooper's Building.
Mount Carmel No. 349, Thursday evening, Church, near Ferry.
Mount Hermon No. 38, Monday evening, Church, near Ferry.
New York Encampment No. 1, meets on the first and third Satur-
days of each month, nl Cooper's Building.
Phoenix No. 41, Tuesday evening, Odd Fellows' Hall, cor. Green
and Beaver.
Samaritan No. 93, Monday evening, at Cooper's Building.
Scho-negh-ta-da No. 356, Thursday eve., Broadway, cor. Steuben.
Union No. 8, Thursday evening, at Cooper's Building.

SONS OF TEMPERANCE.
Albany Division No. 24, meets Monday evening, at Hall in State.
Clinton No. 76, Thursday evening, at Commercial Building.
Eagle No. 306, Thursday evening, at No. 3 North Pearl.
Empire Temple No. 33, Friday evening, at Commercial Building.
En Hakkore No. 129, Wednesday evening, at No. 7 North Pearl.
Fort Orange No. 187, Thursday evening, at No. 7 North Pearl.
Tivoli Temple No. 22, Friday evening, at S. of T. Hall, State.
Mutual Alliance No. 130, Monday evening, at No. 7 North Pearl.

MASONIC BODIES.
Mount Vernon Lodge No. 3, corner of Broadway and Steuben.
Master's Lodge,
Temple Chapter No. 5, St. John's Hall, Broadway, cor. Steuben.
Temple Lodge, corner of Broadway and Steuben.
Unitas Concordia Fratrum,
Washington Lodge,
46 Custom House Mohawk (J-
Hudson Rail Road.

CUSTOM HOUSE.
ALBERT DEPUTY COLLECTOR, 407 BROADWAY.
GALLTTP,
The Custom House was established in 1833, and was thought by some
persons to be a proper subject for a little ridicule. In truth the bu-
siness of conducting it was not very arduous for the first year. There
were then but two vessels trading regularly to Boston, namely the
schooner Visscher and sloop George Washington, owned by Davis &
Centre, whereas now there are above a hundred. Besides, there are
several lines of steam propellers trading to different ports, which have
come on the river quite recently, of which we believe the Mohawk was
the pioneer. There is a line of steam packets between Albany and
Hartford, doing a brisk business, and another to Philadelphia. One
has recently been established between this city and New London and
Norwich. And when it is considered what an enormous quantity of
freight is taken overland by the rail road, it is remarkable that the packet
business should increase so rapidly. Mr. William Seymour was the first
collector, and the first license entered on his book is under the date of
July 12, 1833. Afier this became a port of entry, the government made
en appropriation for the improvement of the navigation of the river. It
was contemplated to carry a dyke up from a point 25 miles below the
head of tide water, at an estimated cost of $860,000, which would effect*
ually relieve the channel of the bars that now obstruct it, and relieve the
business men scattered over an immense region of country of the vex-
ations and embarrassments caused in various ways by the daily detention
of vessels. The dyke was constructed a part of the distance contem-
plated, and there abandoned. But it was of great advantage to our com-
merce, enabling schooners of over 200 tons to reach the city, and steam
boats of far greater tonnage make their regular trips at low water, The
dyke however is fast going to ruin. A few hundred dollars would have
repaired the first breach, but it will now require many thousands, and
public attention will probably be effectualiy aroused to remedy the evil
only by some unexpected and overwhelming calamity, arising from the
neglect. But a part of the vessels trading to this port are registered
here; hence the whole number registered~since the first January 1841,
does not much exceed 500. The Rochester steam boat is the largest
vessel licensed at our port, being nearly 500 tons. The vessel of the
largest tonnage that arrives here is the steam boat Isaac Newton, of
about 1,300 tons.

MOHAWK AND HUDSON RAIL ROAD.

This was one of the first rail roads constructed in the state. On the
17th April, 1826, Stephen Van Rensselaer, George W. Featherstone-
haunh, and others received a charter from the state, for the purpose of
constructing a rail road between the Mohawk nnd Hudson rivers; the
capital stock was fixed at $300,000, with permission to increase it to
$500,000, or about $31,000 per mile, and the time for completins the road
was. limited to six years. The work was commenced in 1830, and %
 Mohawk Hudson Rail Road. 47
double track completed in 1333. It was originally constructed with an
inclined plane at each end of the road; the one ai Albany a little more
than hall' a mile in length, and both of them having a rise of 1 loot in 18.
The road was laid out 15' miles in length, 6 of which were at a level,
and the rest of it, with the exception of the two inclined planes, had an
ascending giade of about 1 foot in 250. The width of the excavations
is 36 feel, that of the embankments 26 feet. The deepest excavation is
47 feet, and the highest embankment 44 feet. Greatest altitude 353
feet above tide water at Albany. Stone blocks were placed three feet
apart, from centre to centre, laid on broken stone, and cross sleepers of
wood rested upon them, 7 inches in diameter and 8 feet long, support-
ing the timber rails, on which were placed iron bars, three- fifths by two
and a half inches, with the upper corners rounded to 1 inches width;
and the width between the rails 4 feet 9 inches. When the road had
been constructed in this manner, it was found to have cost $1,100,000, or
upwards of $70,000 per mile, for the double track. The stock sold at
one time for 30 per cent premium, but subsequently went down to 25
cents on the dollar, and the road in unskilful hands, was on the point of
being abandoned. At this juncture some of our enterprising men took
the matter in hand, bought up the stock, and with the assistance of a
loan from the city corporation, set about a complete reconstruction of
the road. The inclined planes were abandoned, and by a little more
circuitous ascent of ihe rising ground at each terminus, and the use of
heavy locomotives, it has become a popular and profitable concern. The
company relaid the road with a heavy rail in part in 1843, and fully
completed relaying it during the last season. The distance is now about
17 miles. On the 22d Sept., a train of three cars, filled with passengers
by invitation, crossed the road from Albany in 30 minutes, and returned
in 24 minutes, the speed being at the rate of 1 mile in 1m. 25s.. or 42
miles an hour.
The following table shows the comparative condition of the company's
operations in 1846 and 1847.
1846 1847
No. passengers, 174,653 229,401
Receipts from passengers, $92,194 $110,051
"
freight, &c., 33,641 51,323

$125,835 $164,374
Repairs and running road, 41,766 60,310
Miles run by passenger trains, 45,357 49,674
"
Ireight, &c,, 16,515 22,821
Cost of construction to Jan. 1 , 1847 $1, 472, 966
'*
Jan. 1, 1848, 1,473,253
The receipts of the road in 1843 were $60,595; 1844, $89,882; 1845,
$93,494. The receipts of 1848 were upwards of $175.000.
The road is fully equipped, as the company own six locomotives,
thirty first class passenger cars, twenty-two second class passenger cars,
ihiriy six freight cars, and thirty-four baggage cars. With good ma-
nagement and economy the company was enabled to resume its dividends
in October, 1847, nnce which it has continued to pay regular dividends,
every six monihs.
48 City Income and Expenditures.
sss sss
b-VTo"

O O 00
<O C5 CO O
oo
o o o
<N O

oco
s sss
o t- oo ooo
GO
^sfgf
-5 ooo OOOO
SOo toCO OOO
XQ
OS OOO CO
to"j^t-T

SSS 8888
*s oo o
o o^o"
oo
oO
o 00
to
S*
1-1 OO O
<N o
tcTt-Tj>*
I
00 5*

o' o
ss I
Tt^i^ r
S8
ss
Sin
00
s o to
oo

1
5
 County Officers. 49

COUNTY OFFICERS.
Counties. Clerks.
Lawrence Van Deusen
Martin Butts
John C. IVIoore
Francis E. Baillett
Etienpzer B. Cobb
I
Matthew P. Bemus
Green M. Tuthill
Burr B. Andrews
Charles H. Jones
James Storm
Samuel Hotchkiss
Wm. McLaughry
Joseph T. Adriance
Moses Bristol
Edmund T Williams
Henry S. Brewster
Stephen Wait
Samuel C. Holden
Isaac Van Schaack
John C. Holmes
Slandish Barry
James G. Lynde
John M. Hicks
Lucian Clark
William H. Whiting
A. Scott Sloan
John C. Nash
Chester S. Brumley
James Conner
John Van Horn
Patrick Mahon
Vivus W. Smith
Alex. H. Howell
Albert S. Benton
Herman Goodrich
Jabez H. Gilbert
CharlesMcLean
Reuben D. Barnnm
Abraham D. Snedeker
Ambrose H. Sheldon
Joshua Mersereau, Jr.
Isaac A. Blauvelt
Martin Thatcher
Jas. W. Horton
Silas H. March
Stephen Maham
Ebenezer Ingalls
Paul C. Cook
J.Wickham Case
Matthew Decker, Jr.
Moses Stevens
I
Norman Crittenden
'Benj.M. Hasbrouck
IThomas Archibald
Henry Shipherd
Alex. B. Williams
Munson I. Lock wood
Abel Webster
Russell R. Fargo
This and seme other lables are subject to important change?; they can only be given
as they are at the time of printing,
5
50 Counties, Towns and Post Offices
ALPHABETICAL LIST of the COUNTIES, TOWNS and POST OFFICES
in the State of New York, and the Distances of the County Towns
from Albany.
ALBANY COUNTY.
 in the State of New York. 51

COLUMBIA COUNTY
52 Counties, Towns and Post Offices
Long Lake Sageville
 in the State of New York.
Sangerfield Verona
 Counties, Towns and Post Offices
Poestenkill South Scho-
 in the State of New York. 55
Hasbrouck Purvis
56 Stage and Mail Routes.

STAGE AND MAIL ROUTES IN OLDEN TIME.

In June, 1785, a company of stage proprietors undertook to make the
land passage to New York from Albany,
" the most
easy and agree-
able, as well as the most expeditious," by performing the journey in
"
two days, at 3d. a mile; but in the fall of the year, for the ease of the
passengers," the time of "running was changed to three days, and the
price raised to 4d. a mile, agreeably to act of assembly." This was a
chartered company, the legislature having in the above year granted to
Isaac Van Wyck, Talmage Hall and John Kinney, the exclusive right
" to
erect, set up, carry on, and drive," stage wagons between Albany
and New York, on the east side of the Hudson river, for a term of ten
years, and restrained all opposition under a penalty of 200. They were
to have at least two covered wagons, each drawn by four able horses,
the fare was limited to 4d. a mile, and the trips to be performed once a
week, under the penalty of the forfeiture of their charter. At this time
the post office at Albany served not only for the adjoining towns, as Sche-
nectady and Greenbush, but also for Orange and Dutchess counties,
Cherry Valley, &c., and letters were advertised even for Vermont. By
the post office arrangements of January, 1786, the New York mail ar-
rived twice a week, Wednesdays and Saturdays. The post office busi-
ness at this time could not have been very extensive, there being but
two mails in the week, one from New York, and the other from Spring-
field, which were so unimportant that for several years after the routes
were called cross-roads in the government contracts, and terminated at
the city. The communication with the neighboring counties and states
was kept up by post riders, w ho met at certain points and interchanged
r

letters and papers, and when the business was not sufficient to support
them, subscriptions were raised for the purpose among such citizens as
were interested in their continuance In 1789 a stage commenced run-
ning from Platt's Inn in Lansingburgh, to Lewis's City Tavern, Albany,
three limes a week, Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. The bill of
fare down and back was 4s.; fare one way 3s In 1790 a post of this
kind left Albany on Monday afternoon, and reached Schenectady the
same day; was at Johnstown on Tuesday, at Canajoharie on Wednesday,
at Fort Plain on Thursday, at Fort Hunter and Warrensbush on Friday,
and arrived at Albany, on its return, Monday forenoon. The post to
Vermont left the city on Monday evening, arrived at Pittstown on Tues-
day, at Bennington on Wednesday, at Little White Creek and Cambridge
on Thursday, at Tomhannic and Schaghticoke on Friday, and at Hoosic
on Saturday. This was also the mode, and almost the only means, of
circulating newspapers at that day It was mentioned at this time

( 1790) that the trade and commerce of the United States had been greatly
,

benefitted by the regulations at the general post office, whereby the mail
was transported five times a week between New York and Philadelphia;
and the post master general had signified his intention to make the same
arrangements between New York and Baltimore, at the beginning of the
next year In February, 1790, the legislature granted Ananias Platt
the exclusive right of running a stage between Albany and Lansing-
"
burgh. Four years later, Mr. Platt, grateful for public custom," un-
dertook to run his stage twice a day from Lansingburgh to Albany and
back. In the winter of 1795 he had increased the number of daily trips
 Stage and Mail Routes. 57
to six. In the summer of 1796, the amount of travelling had increased
so much as to employ twenty stages daily between Waterford, Lansing-
burgh, Troy and Albany, averaging more than 150 passengers a day... .In
1791, the post master general was authorized by law to extend the post
route from Albany to Bennington, Vt.; and the first mail reached that
place on the 25th of March, the anniversary of the settlement of the
town thirty years before. The printers complained of the careless and
irregular manner in which the New York mail was carried. It appears
that the contract required the mail to be carried but once a week, though
the carriers generally took it twice, and thereby exceeded their con-
tract It may be here remarked, that the length of all the post routes
in the state, is now, 1848. above 13,000 miles In 1792, by the act of
congress for extending post roads, and fixing the rates of postage, the
mail route from Albany to Bennington was extended through the state
of Vermont to the north part of this state on Lake Chatnplain; and a
post road established from Albany through Schenectady to Canajoharie.
The rates of postage on newspapers were about the same as they are
now, with the exception of the odious three cent appendage. A post
was established in the same year from Albany to Whitestown, as a pri-
vate enterprise, which performed the route once a fortnight Several
gentlemen in the Genesee country, established another to meet the one
at Whitestown, by which a communication was opened between Albany
and the far went. The latter post passed through Geneva, Canandar-
qua, Canawargus and Williamsburgh. Towns were then few and far
between. There were but 7 in Saratoga county, 3 in Herkimer, and
4 in Montgomery. Postmaster General Pickering's advertisements for
contracts to carry the mails, also proposed to extend the post road w*st
of Albany, " from Connojorharrie to Whitestown, and thence to Kanan-
darqua." About the same time a private post was established from
Niagara to the Genesee river, where it met the one previously mentioned,
and interchanged letters and papers. By this means a chain of com-
munication was opened through the whole extent of the state, and the
Messrs. Webster in Albany received and forwarded letters gratuitously
to every part of the country where there were no mails. Some one pro-
posed this year to establish a line of stages from Albany to Whitestown,
a project which the editor of the Gazette says, would have been ridi-
culed at an earlier day, but which the great intercourse with the west-
ern country might justify, and answer a valuable purpose, if the pro-
prietors could succeed in contracting for the mail. In the spring of 1793-
Moses Beal c> erected a stage," to use his own words, " for the accom,
modation of passengers from Albany to Schenectady, Johnstown, and
Canajohary, once a week." It left Albany at 6 o'clock on Friday
morning, and arrived at Canajoharie the next day. The fare was 3c.
a mile. It returned on Tuesday. He proposed to go occasional!) as
far as Little Falls, if desired! The success of these enterprises embold-
ened others; and we find that one John Hudson, inn keeper, established
a line of stages to run between Albany and Schenectady, three times a
week; and John Rodgers, of Ballston, ran a line from that place to con-
nect with it, by which a regular communication was now first established
for the convenience of those who visited the springs. The fare was 4s.
to Schenei-tady; those who continued through were charged 3d. a mile.
A still bolder scheme was undertaken, to connect the city with the val-

ley of the Connecticut, by a line of stages to Northampton. Arrange-

58 Stage and Mail Routes.
ments having been made in the fall of the above year, a stage started
from each end of the line on Tuesdays and Fridays, in the morning, and
met at Pittsfield in the evening, accomplishing the entire route in two
days. The proprietors, in their appeal to the public for patronage, re-
mark, that the difficulty of extending a line of stages across the moun-
tains, had always been considered insurmountable, but reflecting that
such an establishment would complete the line of an expeditious and
"
sure communication from Portland, in the province of Maine," through
a rich and flourishing country, to Whitestown, in the western part of the
state of New York, a distance of upwards of 400 miles, they had de-
termined to make the experiment. The fare was 4c. a mile. ... In 1794
the post routes from Albany, or centering in Albany, had increased to
five, as follows, preserving the post master general's orthography.
1st. Form Albany Kinderhook, Hudson. Clermont, Redhook, Rhine-
to
beck, Poughkeepsie, Fishkill, Pickskill and New York, once a week.
r

2d. From Albany to Lansingburgh, Bennington, Manchester, Rutland,

Middleburgh, Vergennes and Burlington, once a week. 3d. From Alba-
ny to New Lebanon, Pittsfield, Worthington, Northampton and Brook-
field, once a week. 4tb. From Albany to Kinderhook, Stockbridge and
Springfield, once a week. 5th. From Albany to Scheneclady, Johns-
town, Canajohary, German Flatts, Whitestown, Old Fort Schuyler, On-
ondaga, Aurora, Scipio, Geneva and Kanandaigua, once in two weeks.
A branch ran from Canajohary through Cherry Valley to Cooperstown,
once a week In January, 1795, Mr. John Hudson ran two stages, one
of four horses and the other of two, daily between Albany and Sche-
nectady, and Ananias Platt soon after went upon the same line, making
four trips a day. The fare to New York by stage this year, was re-
duced to 3. 4s. ($3). It is understood that the price was usually $10.
In the following year it was reduced to $6 in the summer; the fare from
Albany to Fort Schuyler was $2'50; to Whitestown. $3 In the same
year also (1796), the mails made the transit between Albany and Phila-
delphia, a distance of about 260 miles, in three days, and from Boston
to Philadelphia in four days, from Savannah to Philadelphia in thirteen
days The post roads diverging from Albany were further increased
in 1797, through northern towns. A list of the roads and distances in
various directions from Albany, this year, was as follows:
ALBANY TO HARTFORD AND NEW HAVEN.
Miles. Miles.
Col.Visscher's and JohnStaats's Sheffield, 4
Greenbush, 1 Canaan, 8
McKown's, 4 Norfolk, 6
Smith's 6 Dr. Bid well's, 4
John Miller's 1Phelps's (Green Woods) ,
5
Kinderhook Plains, 4 Austin's (New Hartford), 5
Kinderhook Mills, 2 Case's (Symsbury), 7
Buck's Tavern, 5 Northington, 4
Spencertown, 7 West Hartford, 5
Green river 5 Hartford, 4
Derby's, 5 Middletown, 15
Egremont, foot of Nabletown New Haven, 23
mountain, 1

Cook's, 4 138
Baker's, in Gt. Barringlon ... 1
 Stage and Mail Routes. 59
ALBANY TO NIAGARA.
Miles. Miles.
Humphrey's Tavern, 2 Foster's, 5
McKown's, 3 Morehouse's, 6
Douw's, 2 Keeler's or Danforth's, 5
Truax's, 5 Carpenter's 15
Schenectady, 4 Buck's 3
Groat's 12 Goodrich's, 8
John Fonda's, 12 Huggins's, 4
Conally's, 7 Cayuga, v 7
Roseboom'sFer.(Can'joharie), 3 Seneca, 3
Hudson's (Indian Castle),.. .. 13 Geneva, 11
Aldridge's (German Flatts),.. 11 Amsden's, 6
Brayton's, 13 Wells's, 8
Old Fort Schuyler 3 Sanburne's (Canandarqua),. .. 4
Whitestown, 4 Sears's & Peck's, 13
Home (Fort Stanwix), 12 Genesee river, 14
Whitestown to Laird's Tavern, 9 Indiantown Tonawanda,... 40
Oneida Castle, 8 Niagara, 35
Wemp's, 5
John Denna's, 7 310
ALBANY TO MONTREAL.
Flatts, 5 Burlington, 70
Waterford, 7 Sandbar, 14
Half-Moon, 6 John Martin's 14
Sti 11 water, 4 Savage's Point, 6
Ensign's, 6 Windmill " 6
Du Mont's Ferry, 8 Isle au Noix, 12
Fort Edward, 12 St. John's, 14
Sandy Hill, 2 Laperara, 18
Fort Ann, 10 Montreal, 9
Skeensborough, 12
Dr. Smith's, 8 232
ALBANY TO BOSTON.
McKown's, 5 Northampton, 13
Strong's, Belchertown, 15
Schermerhorn's, Brookfield, 15
Lebanon Springs, Leicester, 13
Pittsfield, Worcester, 13
Partridgetield Boston, 44
Worthington
Chesterfield," 7 177
Note. From Worcester Boston the country is almost one continued
to
village, and houses of entertainment in no instance of two or three miles.

ALBANY TO NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA.

Greenbush. Kinderhook, 4
McKown's. 4] Claverack, 14
Smith's Livingston's Manor, 7
J Miller's, Swart's, 15
Kinderhook Plains, 4 l| Rhinebeck, 9
60 Stage and Mail Routes.
Miles. Miles.
Staatsburgh, 6 Conklin's, 12
Poughkeepsie, 11 Kingsbridge, 12
Fishkill, 14 New York, 15
Nelson's (Highlands), ... 11 Philadelphia, 95
Peekskill, 9
Odell's, 10 260
So little improvement was made in regard to speed, that in 1804 a line
of stages commenced running between Albany and New York, which
occupied three days in the journey, lodging the first night at Rhinebeck,
and the next at Peekskill. The avowed object of this line was the ease
of the traveller, who was allowed all the time requisite to make the pas-
sage agreeable. As far as time was concerned, surely no one could de-
sire to be longer on the road. Fare $8. The steam boats soon after this
introduced a new mode of conveying travellers and the mail, with ease
and comfort to the passenger, and a considerable increase of speed In
1811 a line of stages was formed from Albany to Niagara Falls, which
accomplished the journey in three days, at the following rales: from,
Albany to Utica, $5'50; Utica to Geneva, $5; Geneva 1o Canandaigua,
$5 75; and from thence to Buffalo at 6c. a mile. .In 1814 a line of stages
. .

was established by a Mr. Hicks, to run between Albany and Brattle-

boro', to carry the mail tw ice a week, but to make the trip between the
r

two places in one day. It was thought the journey to Boston could be
performed with greater safety by this route than any other In 1818
a line of stages commenced running between Albany and Montreal, on
the west side of Lake Champlain, transporting the mail three times a
week. By continued gradations, Albany became the centre of a large
amount of stage travel, which increased from year to year until about
1830, the dawning of the rail road era. Lines of stages diverged to every
point of the compass, and its streets were thronged with vehicles de-
parting and arriving at all hours of the day and night. There were
several lines daily to Buffalo, to Montreal, to New York, and to Boston.
There was a line to Boston by the way of Charlestown, N. H., one by
Brattleboro', Vt., one by Greenfield, Mass., and one by Springfield, Mass ,

and one by Hartford, Ct. Besides these there were numerous less im-
portant lines. The firms of Thorp & Sprague, and Baker & Walbridge,
owned an incredible number of stage coaches, which were subsequently
laid up on the completion of the rail roads, and other improvements in
traveling, and many hundreds of worn out horses went to their rest. The
glory of this business has departed; its tired horses and tired men have
been superseded by the iron horse, which never tires. Troy is now the
seat of staging operations in this region; a few straggling lines take the
northern routes over the mountains, and short lines penetrate sections
of the country remote from the rail roads. One line still occupies the
route, over the Cherry Valley turnpike, terminating at Syracuse; through
in 24 hours; fare $2'75, or thereabout. This route accommodates such
as halt at by-places, or are a little doubtful of their entire personal sa/ety
behind a locomotive. Mr. Joseph Webster, who is the veteran stager
of the day. also traverses the Helderberg ridge with a six horse team,
to Rensselaerville, and another line leaves the Clinton Hotel, keeping
up a communication with Schoharie.
 Routes of Travel. 61

PRINCIPAL ROUTES OF TRAVEL DIVERGING FROM

ALBANY.
ALBANY TO TROY.
During the season of navigation there are three modes of conveyance
between Albany and Troy, viz.:
1st. By stage which leaves the General Stage Office, No. 436 Broad-
way, Albany, and the hotels on River street, Troy, half-hourly, from
6 A. M. to 7 P. M. Fare 12 cents.
2d By steamboat, hourly, from the foot of State street, Albany, and
the Steamboat Landins, River street, Troy. Fare 12 cents.
3d. By the Troy and Greenbush Rail Road, hourly, from about 6 A.
M. to 7 P. M., from the East Albany depot, and the east end of the rail
road bridge, Troy. Fare 20 cents.

BETWEEN ALBANY AND BUFFALO.

Between Albany, Niagara Falls and Buffalo, there are several routes
and modes of conveyance.
1st. By rail road to Sclvenectady, thence by rail road or packet boats
running on the Erie canal.
2d. By rail road or canal to Rome, thence by stage on plank road and
stearn boat, via. Oswego.
3d. By rail road, stage or canal to Syracuse, thence by rail road or
canal and steam boat, via. O&wego.
4th. By rail road or canal to Rochester, thence by rail road, canal or
steam boat.
At Ulica, Rome, Syracuse and Rochester, passengers can change from
the cars to the packets or line boats, and vice versa, without any incon-
venience. There are also many points between Schenectady and Utica,
where a change may be made.
BY ERIE CANAL AND PACKET BOATS.
During the season of canal navigation, there are two daily lines of
packet boats from Schenectady to Buffalo, navigating the Erie canal.
Leave Schenectady for Buffalo about 9 A. M. and 9 P. M., or on the
arrival of the morning and evening cars from Albany. Fare from
Schenectady to Albany, by rail road, 50 cents. Leave Buffalo also about
the same hours for Schenectady, arriving morning and evening in time
for passengers to proceed without delay by rail road to Albany. At
Lockport the packet boats connect with the cars running between Lock-
port and Niagara Falls, and which connect with cars between Niagara
Falls and Buffalo. Travellers who wish a more economical mode thaa
by packet or cars, can travel by line boats, which afford good accommo-
dations at a cheap rate. The usual charge for passage and board
being
about one and a half cents per mile, or one cent per mile without board.
Line boats reach Buffalo from Albany in about seven days. Distance
364 miles.
5
62 Routes of Travel.

PACKET BOAT TO BUFFALO.

Stopping Places.
 Routes of Travel. 63
BY RAIL ROAD.
Leave Albany for Buffalo and intermediate places about 7 A. M , and

1 P. M.; running through to Buffalo in about seventeen hours, and

and 7
connecting at Buffalo with boats running to all ports on tlie upper lakes.
Leave Buffalo for Albany about 8A.M., and 1 and 5 P. M., connecting
with the morning and evening steam boats for New York, and cars for
Boston, &.c.

Stopping Places.
64 Routes of Travel.
GOING WEST.
Leave Albany, ...... 7 2 P.M. 7 P. M.
Schenectady.. 8 3 (I
8
Utica, ...... ..12 830 " 12 night,
Syracuse,.... 3 P.M. 2230A.M. 250A/M.
Auburn ....... 4 15 " 230 " 345 "
"
Rochester,... 8 30 9 '
9
Arrive at Buflalo,.. .12 30 A. M. 1 P.M. 1 P.M.
GOING EAST.
Leave Buffalo, 7 A.M. 2 P. M. 9 P. M.
" " 730 " 1 15A.M.
Rochester,.... 11 15
" Auburn, 3 20 p. M. 1 15 A. M. 530 '

" 5 15 " 3 7 15 "

Syracuse,
" 8 15 " 7 " 1015 "
Utica,
11
Schenectady,. .12 15 A. M. 1230p.M. 2 15p.M.
Arrive at Albany,... 1 15
" 1 30 " 3 15 "
On the 1st of November, the fares on this line were reduced from $12
to $9-75. as follows:

Albany to Schenectady,...
$0'50||
Auburn to Rochester,... .. $250
Scheneclady to Utica, 2'25 Rochester to Buffalo, 2*25
Utica to Syracuse, ToOj
Syracuse to Auburn, '7511 Total, $9.75
It is understood that each train departs within half an hour after its
arrival at each of the intermediate places mentioned in the above list.

DISTANCES FROM ALBANY TO NEW YORK,

ON THE HUDSON RIVER.

Overslaugh, 3 New Windsor, 86

Castleton, 8 Cornwall, 88
Schodack Landing, 10 Cold Spring, 91
(

Coeymans 12; West Point . 93

New Baltimore, 14 Culd well's Landing, 101
Kinderhook Landing 18 V'erplanck's Point, 104
Coxsackie, 21 Grassy Point, 106
Hudson, 29 Teller's Point, 1 10

Catskill, 34 Sing Sing 112

Bristol, or Maiden, 43 Tarry town,. 118
Saugerties, 4-1 Piermont 121
Upper Redhook, 45 Dobbs's Ferry, 123
Lower Redhook, 48 Hastings, 125
Rhinebeck, 55 Yonkers, 128
Pelham, 6l| Spuy ten Duy vel Creek, 132
Hyde Park, 65J
Fort Lee, N. J., 135
Poughkeepsie, 7li; Man hat la nvi lie, 137
Milton, 75 Bull's Ferry, N. J., 139
New Hamburgh, 78; New York,
j

.
145
Newburgh,..: 84'
 Routes of Travel.
ON THE
Greenbnsh,
66 Routes of Travel.

DISTANCES FROM NEW YORK TO OREGON.

Miles. Miles.
St. Louis, (shortest way, and FortBridge, 35
not by rivers,) 1, 033 Koag river, 35
Independence, 266 Down same to the hills that
Blue, at Burnett's Trace, 520 run on same, 57
Bigg Platte, 25 Down same to the Great San-
"
Up 25 dusky 38
Up the same 117 Partnith, first waters of the
Across the North Fork of the Columbia, -,,.- 25
same 31 Fort Hall, on Snake river,.... 58
(Jp North Fork to Cedar Grove 18 Partnith again,I
11
Up the same to Chimney,. ... 18 I Cock Creek 87
Scott's Bluffs, 20 jSolomon Falls, 42
FortLarima, 33 Crossing Snake river,
i
27
Big Sprine, at the foot of the 'Boiling Spring,
Black Hills, IDown the same to Fort Barse, 40
Keryen North Fork, 30 I Burnt River, 41
Crossing of the same, 34 j'
Up same
the 26
Sweet Water 55 Across to Powder to the Lame-
Up same to the snow on Rocky pens, 18
Mountains, 60 Grand Round,
Main divide of the same,.... 40 Utile river, over Blue Mount, 43
Waters running to the Pacific Dr. Whiteman's, 29
Ocean 2 Walla- walla, 25
Little Sandy, 14 Dallas, 120
" 100
Big 14 Fort Vancouver,
Green river, 25 Mouth of the Columbia river, 120
Down the same, 12
Black Fort of Green river,.. . Total,22 3,440
The
lime occupied in travelling the above overland, is about five
months. The voyage by sea round Cape Horn, from six to eight months.

ALBANY TO KEENE.
BY STAGE

Stopping Places.
 Routes of Travel. 67

ALBANY TO BOSTON.
BY RAIL ROAD.

Stopping Places.
 Routes of Travel.

ALBANY TO BURLINGTON.
BY STAGE.

Stopping Places.
 Routes of Travel. 69

ALBANY TO CANADA.
Summer Routes.
During the season of navigation, there are three routes to Canada.
1st. By road and the Champhin canal. By this route travellers
rail
go by road, via. Troy to the Borough, 18 miles; thence by packet
rail
boat to Whitehall. The packet usually leaves the Borough about 3 o'-
clock, P. M., and arrives at Whitehall the following morning, in time
for travellers to take the steam boats running to the various ports on
Lake Champlain.
2d. By rail road and stage, via. Saratoga Sprinss. By this route tra-
vellers can go from Saratoga, via. Sandy Hill to Whitehall, or through
Glen's Falls to Caldwell, and hy steam boat 36 miles to the foot of Lake
George, thence by stage three miles to Ticonderoga.
3d. By stage, via. Troy on the east side of the Hudson river.

We are indebted for some of the preceding tables to Miller's Eastern

and Western Guide Book, published by the Merriams of Troy; a useful
work for the traveler, presenting tables of routes on all the great
little

thoroughfares, and other necessary information, for twenty-five cents.

ALBANY TO WHITEHALL.
BY STAGE.

Stopping Places.
70 Routes of Travel.

WHITEHALL TO MONTREAL.
BY LAKE CHAMPLAIN.

Stopping Places.
 Public Offices, Buildings, 71

PUBLIC OFFICES, BUILDINGS, &c.

PUBLIC BUILDINGS. PUBLICATIONS.
Arsenal, cor. Broadway and Law Albany Argus, MerchYs Exchange.
rence.
Albany Atlas, cor. Broadway and
Capitol, head of State street. Beaver.
Geological Rooms, corner Slate and
Albany Daily Express, Green near
Lodge. Slate.
Normal School, 119 State street, Albany Daily Knickerbocker, Mu-
State Hall, op. Academy Park. seum Building.
CITY AND COUNTY. Albany Evening Journal, corner of
Albany Academy, fronts Academy James and State streels.
Park. Albany Freeholder, 34 Washington.
Alms House, Lydius street cont. A Ibany Patriot, Commerc'l Build'gs.
City Hall, Eagle street, fronting Albany Spectator, 80 Slate street.
Washington. Albany Switch, Beaver street.
Jail, corner Eagle and Howard. Busy Bee, Arbor Hill.
Medical College, formerly Lancas- Chrisiian Palladium, Commercial
ter School, Eagle street. Buildings.
Penitentiary, Delaware turnpike. Cultivator, 10 and 12 Green street.
Powder House, Washington Square. Horticullurist, 10 and 12 Green st.
Howard's Special Term Reports, 57
PARKS AND PLACES. Hawk street,
Academy Park, op. Slate Hall. Mechanics' Advocate, Commercial
Bull's Head Course, Troy road.
Buildings.
Canal Basin, fronts Water, Law- Odd Fellows'
Literary Magazine, 11
rence, Montgomery and De Witt. Cooper's Buildings.
Capitol Park fronts on Eagle and
State street.
TAVERNS AND REFECTORIES.
Cemeteries, Slate, above Knox.
Centre Market, corner South Pearl Albany and Troy House, 31 Dean.
and Howard. Albion Hotel, corner of Broadway
Clinton Park, North Pearl street and Herkimer.
Glass Works Square, corner Broad- American Hotel, 100 State street.
way and Ferry. Beardsley's Hotel, 28 Washington.
Hay Scales and'Yard, corner Plain Boston Hotel, 15 and 17 Dean.
and Philip Boston House, cor. Broadway and
Hudson Street Park, corner Hudson Ferry.
and Liberty, Broadway House 505 Broadway.
Little Basin, above first lock. Bull's Head Tavern, Lydius st.
Lydius Street Park, cor. Eagle and Carlton House, cor. Stale and Pearl.
Lydius. Cily Holel, 23 Broadway.
Mineral Spring Garden, 58 Ferry. City Hall Coffee House, cor. Eagle
National Garden, 770 Broadway. and Maiden Lane.
Newton's Corners, Shaker road. 'Clinton Hotel, cor. Pearl andBeavcr.
Rural Cemetery, Troy road. jConsres-s Hall, fronts Washington
Steam Boat Landing, Broadway, street and Capitol Park.
between Lydius and Hamilton, Cornucopia, cor. State and Green.
Townsend's Park, junction Wash- 'Delavan House, fronts Broadway,
ington streel and turnpike. Steuben and Montgomery.
Washington Market, foot of Colum- Eagle Street Hotel, corner Eagle
bia street. and Daniel.
72 Public Offices, Buildings, fyc.

Eastern Hotel, cor. Broadway and Episcopal Church, Grace, Spring,

John. above Lark.
Franklin House, 176 State street. Friends' Meeting House, Plain st.
Hudson Street Temperance House, Lutheran Church, corner. Pine and
Lodge.
Lutheran Church, German, State
Lafayette House, 19 Montgomery.
Lumbermen's Exchange Hotel, 192 near Swan.
Water. Methodist Episcopal Church, first,
Mansion House, Broadway. Hudson, above Grand.
Marhle Pillar, under Museum. Methodist Episcopal Church, second
McCardle's, Beaver street. North Pearl, above Columbia.
Northern Hotel, corner of Broad. Methodii-t Episcopal Church, third,
corner Ferry and Franklin.
way and Orange.
Otseao House, 74 Washington. Methodist Episcopal Church, fourth,
St. Charles, Hudson street. corner Washington and Swan.
Saratoga House, 719 Broadway. Methodist Episcopal Church, fifth,
Stauwix Hall, corner of Broadway Swan, between Lumber & Third.
and Maiden Lane. Methodist African Church, State,
Washington Hall, South Pearl. rear of District School IS'o. 2.
Methodist Epis. Israel Church, Jef-
CHURCHES. ferson, above Eagle.
Baptist Church, First, Green street. Presbyterian Church, first, corner
between Hamilton and Division. S. Pearl and Beaver.
Baptist Church, Second, cor. North Presbyterian Church, sec'd Chapel,
Pearl and Maiden Lane. above Maiden Lane.
Baptist Church, Third, State street, Presbyterian Church, third, North
opposite the Capitol. Pearl, opposite Clinton Square.
Baptist Church, Fourth, South Pear) Presbyterian Church, fourth, Broad-
head of Herkimer. way, above Spencer.
Baptist Church, African, Hamilton. Presbyterian Church, Associate,
above Pearl. corner Chapel and Canal.
Bethel, Montgomery street. jSynasogue, Fulton street.
Cath.j.ic v ailiedial, cor. of Lydius Synagogue, Rose street.
an Kn^'e.
'

(Unitarian Church, Division street.

Catholic, St. Mary's, corner Chapel. Universalist Church, Green, below
and Pine. I Hamilton.
Catholic, St. John's, Ferry street.
MISCELLANEOUS.
|

Catholic, St. Joseph's, corner North

Pearl and Lumber. Albany Museum, corner State and
Catholic, German, corner Hamilton Broadway.
and Philip. Apothecaries' Hall, cor. State and
Dutch Reformed Church, first, cor. North Pearl.
Van Schaick and North Pearl. Atlas Buildings, cor. Beaver and
Dutch Reformed Church, second, Broadway.
Beaver, above Green. B eecker Hall, 531 Broadway.
Dutch Reformed Church, third, cor. Blunt's Buildings, cor. South Pearl
Ferry and Green. and State.
Episcopal Church, St. Peter's, cor. Commercial Buildings, cor. Broad-
State and Lodge. way and Hudson.
Episcopal Church, St. Paul's, South Cooper's Buildings, cor. State and
Pearl, below Beaver. Green.
Episcopal Church, Trinity, Broad, Douw's Buildings, corner State and
below Lydius. Broadway.
 Public Offices, Buildings, 73

Orphan Asylum, head of Wash. st. G allery of Fine Arts, No. 528 Broad-
do. do. St. Vincent's, North way.
Pearl near Lumber. Gas Co.'s Office, Bleecker Hall.
Water Works Reservoir, cor. Eagle Gas Company's Works, cor. Grand
and Steuben. and Arch.
General Stage Office, under Museum.
OFFICES, ETC. Justices' Court, over Centre Market.
Adjutant General's Office, State Hall Magnetic Telegraph Office, Ex-
Albany Apprentices' Library, 41; change Building.
Hudson. Mayor's Office, City Hall.
!

Albany and Boston R. _R. office, Mayor's Court, City Hall.

cor. Maiden Lane and Dean. Mechanics' Benefit Society, corner
Albany Burgesses Corps, armory in Broadway and Stale.
Exchange" Building, Mechanics' and Farmers' Bank, cor.
Albany City Bank, 47 State. Broadway and Exchange st.
Albany Emmet Guards, armory Mutual Insurance Company, 450
No. 32 Green street. Broadway.
Albany Institute, Academy Building National Fire Insurance Co, 61 State
Albany Insurance Co., 56 State. New York State Bank, 69 State.
Albany Republican Artillery, armo Pension Office, Mechanics' and Far-
ry in Atlas Buildings. mers' Bank.
Albany Savings Bank, 38 State. Police Office, over Centre Market.
Albany and Schenectady R. R. of Post Office, Exchange Building.
fice, Dean street. Secretary of Slate, State Hall.
Attorney General's State Sexton 1st Baptist Ch. 65 Green.
Office,
Hall. do. 1st Dutch, rear chuich.
Bank of Albany, 42 State. do. Lutheran, rear church.
Bank Department, State Hall. do, 1st Methodist, 146 Lydius.
Baths, Norton street. do. 2d Methodist, rear church.
Board of Trade, meet in Exchange do. 3d Methodist, basement.
daily. do. Middle Dutch, 38 Beaver.
Canal Collector's Office, 193 Water. do. 1st. Presbyterian, 48 Beaver.
Canal Department, Stale Hall. do. 4th Pres.. 118 North Pearl.
Chamberlain, City Hall. do. St. Mary's, 58 Chapel.
City Marshal, City Hall. do. St. Joseph's, 188 N. Pearl.
City Surveyor, City Hall. Sheriff's Office, Jail.
Commercial Bank, 38 State. Stale Agricultural Rooms, cor. State
Common Council, City Hall. and Lodge.
Comptroller's Office, State Hall. Stale Library, Capitol.
Clerk Court of Appeals, State Hall. Supreme Court Clerk's Office, State
County Clerk's Office, City Hall Hall.
County Treasurer's Office, cor. Steu- Superintendent Northern District,
ben and Broadway. City Hall.
Court of Appeals, Capitol. Superintendent Southern Dislrict,
Crier of Courts, 327 State. City Hall.
Custom House, 407 Broadway. Surveyor General, Stale Hall.
Deputy Sheriff (Ferguson), cor. Pa- Surrogate's Office, Cily Hall.
troon and Hawk. Under Sheriff, 73 State.
Exchange Bank, Merchants' Ex- Water Works Co.'s Sec. and Treas.,
change. 442 Broadway.
Firemen's Insurance Co. cor. Green VoungMen's Association, Exchange
and State. Building.
74 District and other Schools.

ENGINE HOUSES. SCHOOLS.

No. 1, 11 Chapel. Albany Classical Institute, Eagle,
2,43 do. below State.
3, Alms House. Albany Female Academy, North
4, 75 Grand. Pearl, above Maiden Lane.
5, 236 Washington. Albany Female Seminary, 67 Divi-
6, cor. Hawk and Fayette. sion.
41 Hudson.
7, Albany Medical College, cor. Lan-
8, (burnt,) caster and Eagle,
|

9, (torn down,) sClassical Institute, 7 North Pearl.

10, 10 Wilson. 'Friends' School, 10 Plain.
11, 106 Arch. |C. D, Marsh, basement Universalist
12, Second St., Arbor Hill.
church. ,

Hook and Ladder, No. 34 Plain. Miss

1,
Allison, basement Universalist
do. do. No.2,Patroonst. church.
Tivoli Hose, 32 Plain. Misses Beekman, 56 Westerlo.
Axe Company, Steuben street. Mrs. Brinckerhoff, 112 State.
Misses Cantine. 18 Van Tromp.
DISTRICT SCHOOLS. iMiss Cassidy, 63 Chapel.
No. 1, South Pearl, south of Schuy- Mr. Center, basement 3d Pres. ch.
ler. iMiss Collier, Hudson street.
2, State street, between Hawk Miss Crane, 125 Hamilton.
and Swan. Miss Kidd, 73 Division.
3, Van Tromp street. Miss Pierce, Franklin House.
4, Union, near Lydius. Miss Skerritt, 4 High.
5, N. Pearl, south of Lumber. Miss Wood bridge, 46 South Pearl.
6, Junction, west of Perry st. St. John's, cor. ^Dallius and Rensse-
7, Canal street. laer.
8, Lydius, west of Grand. Wilbcrforce School, in rear of Dis-
9, Cor. Ferry and Dallius. trict School House No. 2, in Ches-
10, Washington street, east of nut street.
Lark.

GRAMMAR SCHOOL.
Frederick Beasly, John B. Romeyn, and John M. Bradford, clergy-
men in Albany, made proposals to the city in 1806, for the establishment
l<
of a grammar school, of such a nature that it might be easily con-
verted into an academy." The first step required by the proposers was
a fund of $10,000.

LANCASTER SCPIOOL.
In August, 1810, the corporation had under consideration the project
of establishing a free school, on the plan of Joseph Lancaster. As yet
it is believed there were no public schools in the city. The society of
mechanics had a number of years previously erected a building in Chapel
street, called Mechanics' Hall, and maintained a school out of their own
funds, but it is presumed that its benefits were chiefly confined to the
children of mechanics. The building is now occupied as a piano forte
manufactory.
 Albany Academy. 75

ALBANY ACADEMY.
As early as 1804, a meeting of citizens was held at the City Tavern,
on the 18th March, to take into consideration the expediency of institu-
ting an academy. The Lieutenant-Govenor, Mayor, Chancellor, Rev.
Eliphalet Nott, Rev. John DeWitt, and Messrs. Henry and Beers, were
appointed a committee to report a plan of an institution. The com-
mittee's plan was submitted at a subsequent meeting, on the 5th May,
and approved. It was proposed to make the academy a reorganization
of the city schools, by fusing them all in one. But the project was al-
lowed to slumber until, in January, 1813, the common council made an
appropriation for the establishment of a city academy, and a meeting of
citizens to confer upon the subject was called at the Capitol, on the 28th
of that month. At that meeting Archibald Mclntyre was appointed
chairman, and a committee of fourteen was chosen to devise a plan of
the future institution. The project of a male academy now began to be
agitated in good earnest. The board of common council offered the lot
in the public square which the Academy now occupies, and also appro-
priated the amount that should be received from the sale of the lot and
materials of the old jail which stood in the rear of the large building
now occupied by the State Normal School, and which it was antici-
pated would produce $12,000. In addition to this it was thought neces-
sary to raise $30,000 by private subscription, to complete the requisite
sum for erecting a suitable building and establishing a permanent in-
come.
The institution was incorporated by the Regents of the University, on
the 4th of March in the same year, at the instance of the corporation of
the city, and appropriate grants were made for its endowment. The
trustees named in the charter were Stephen Van Rensselaer, John Lan-
sing, Archibald Mclntyre, Smith Thompson, Abraham VanVechten, John
76 Albany Academy.
V. Henry, Henry Walton, Rev. Messrs. William Neill, John M. Brad-
ford, John McDonald, Timothy Clowes, John McJimpsey, Frederick G.
Mayer, Samuel Mervin, and the Mayor and Recorder ex officio.
The building was commenced in 1815. On Saturday, the 29th July,
at 4 o'clock in the afternoon, the corner stone was laid by Philip S. Van
Rensselaer. The copper plate deposited on this occasion had the follow-
" Erected for an
ing inscription :
academy, anno 1815, by the corporation
of the city ofAlbany Philip S. Van Rensselaer, mayor John Van
; ;

Ness Yates, recorder building committee Philip S. Van Rensselaer,

;

John Brinckerhoff, Chauncey Humphrey, James Warren, and Killian K.

Van Rensselaer. Seth Geer architect, H. W. Snyder, sculpt.' 7

The Academy was announced to open on the second Monday (1 Hh) of

September, under Rev. Benjamin Allen, of Union College, and Messrs.
Neill, Beck and Sedgwick were the committee to receive applications for
admission. The courses of instruction were temporarily commenced in
the large wooden building on the southeast corner of Stale and Lodge
streets, belonging to Killian K. Van Rensselaer, which was burnt in 1847.
The faculty under which the Academy opened, consisted of Rev. Ben-
jamin Allen, principal; Rev. Joseph Shaw, professor of languages; and
Moses Chapin, (now Judge Chapin, of Canandaigua) tutor.
The Academy was completed in 1817, and the school opened in it on
the 1st September. The courses of instruction have been regularly
pursued to the present time, 1848. In August, 1817, the trustees ap-
pointed Dr. Theodric Romeyn Beck principal of the institution, which
office he resigned at the close of the summer term, in 1848, having oc-
cupied with distinguished ability and universal satisfaction, a station
which was far from being a sinecure, during the long period of thirty-
one years. His resignation was followed by that of the whole faculty,
when the trustees, deeming it expedient to reorganize the institution,
chose a new set of professors, consisting of the following, with which
the fall term commenced:
Rev. WM. H. CAMPBELL, D. u., recently pastor of the Third Ref. Prot.
Dutch Church in Albany, Principal and Professor of the Latin and
Greek languages.
Dr. T. R. BECK, Lecturer of Physiology and Physical Geography.
GEORGE H. COOK, A. M., of the Rensselaer Institute, Prof, of Mathe-
matics and Natural History.
Rev. JOHN SESSIONS, A. M., of theSandlake Academy, Prof, of English
Language and Logic.
JULIAN MOLINARD, Prof, of the French Language.
JAMES N. CROCKER and WILLIAM J. WRIGHTSON, who had been pre-
viously connected with the institution, tutors.
The above compose the present faculty of the Academy, and the
number of students is 230.
In 1831, William Caldwell, of the city of Albany, presented $100 to
the trustees of the Academy, to be invested in stock, the income of
which should be devoted to the purchase of a gold medal, to be given at
each annual examination, to the student who shall have made the great-
est proficiency in mathematics, and natural philosophy; the student to
be of at least three years standing in the Academy, and the medal to be
given but once to the same individual. In 1837, Gen. Stephen Van
Rensselaer presented $100, in trust, to be appropriated in the same man-
 Albany Academy. 77
ner, as a reward for the greatest proficiency in the Latin and Greek Ian-
guages, subject to the same reservations, except that the student must
be of at least four years standing in the Academy. The late Henry W.
Delavan also made a bequest to the Academy, which came into the hands
of the trustees in 1839, of $2000, directed to be deposited in the Savings
Bank, the income of which is applied to the teaching of such a number
of poor boys, in the useful branches of English education, as the income
of the fund will allow; no boy enjoying the benefit of the fund more
than two years. The names of the students who have obtained the
Caldwell medal, are as follows: 1831, William Austin; 1832, no public
examination in consequence of the prevalence of the cholera; 1833,
Henry Waldron; 1834, Aurelian Conkling; 1835, John Newland 1836, ;

Henry K. Viele; 1837, George B. Hoyt; 1838, Charles N. Waldron;

1839, Joseph B. Brown; 1840, William J. Gibson; 1841, John J. Olcott;
1842, Philip Phelps; 1843, William Wrightson 1344, Andrew McEIroy ;
;

1845, John K. Croswell ; 1846, Francis B.Hall; 1847, Frank Jones;

1848, Jacob 0. Koonz. The names of those who have received the Van
Rensselaer Medal, are as follows: 1837, Isaac L. K. Miller 1838, Henry
;

F. Greene; 1839, Charles K. McHars; 1840, Gilbert L. Wilson; 1841,

Philip Phelps; 1842, John C. Bullons; 1843, Oliver Bronson; 1844,
Samuel G. Courtney 1845, William T. Wrightson 1846, John K. Cros-
; ;

well ; 1847, Jacob L. Pearse; 1848, Henry L. Bullions.

The following table comprises a complete list of the trustees since the
institution went into operation. The present trustees may be known by
the dates that are wanting in the exit column.
StephenVan Rensselaer 1813 to 1819 James Kent 1819 to 1823
John Lansing 1813 to 1813 William B. Lacey 1819 to 1825
Archibald Mclntyre 1813 to 1817 Ebenezer Baldwin 1820 to 1830
Smith Thompson 1813 to 1813 Ph. S. Van Rensselaer 1821 to 1824
Abm. Van Vechten 1813 to 1813 Philip S. Parker 1821 to 1831
John V. Henry 1813 to 1823 Henry R. Weed 1822 to 1831
Henry Walton 1813 to 1815 James Stevenson 1823 to 1826
William Neill 1813 to 1816 John Ludlow 1823 to 1834
John M. Bradford 1813 to 1826 Charles R. Webster 1823 to 1834
John McDonald 1813 to 1821 Isaac Ferris 1825 to 1836
Timothy Clowes 1813 to 1818 Peter Gansevoort 1825
John McJimpsey 1813 to 1815 Alfred Conkling 1826 to 1836
Frederic G. Mayer 1813 to 1818 Isaac Fondey 1826 to 1829
Samuel Merwin 1813 to 1814 James Stevenson 1828
Thedore Sedgwick 1813 to 1823 John T. Norton 1829 to 1834
John Duer 1813 to 1813 Nicholas F. Beck 1829 to 1830
Harmanus Bleecker 1813 to 1822 William B. Sprague 1830
Charles D. Cooper 1813 to 1817 Oliver Kane 1830 to 1834
John Lansing 1815 to 1817 Richard V. DeWitt 1831
William James 1815 to 1832 Archibald Campbell 1831 to 1847
T. Romeyn Beck 1815 Ph. S. Van Rensselaer 1833 to 1841
John Chester 1816 to 1829 James Goold 1834
John W. Yates 18 17 to 1828 William C. Miller 1834
Arthur J. Stansbury 1817 to 1821 John N. Campbell 1835
William A. Duer 1817 to 1820 Richard Yates 1835 to 1837
Gideon Hawley 1818 to 1842 Thomas E. Verrailye 1836 to 1839
John Van Schaick 1818 to 1818 Thomas W. Olcott 1836
78 Albany Academy.
Isaac N. Wyckoff 1837 to 1847 William H. Campbell 1842
Horatio Potter 1840 James P. Boyd 1847
Teunis Van Vechten 1841 Orlando Meads 1847
The mayors and recorders of the city have also been, ex officio, trus-
tees, from 1813 to the present time.
The presiding officers of the board have been as follows:
Hon. Stephen Van Rensselaer, LL. D., senior trustee, 1813 to 1819
Rev. John M. Bradford, D. D., do 1819 to 1826
William James, Esq., do 1826 to 1832
Gideon Hawley, LL. D., 1834 to 1842
Hon. James Stevenson, 1842 to 1848
Theodric Romeyn Beck, M. D., LL. D., senior trustee, 1848
Those who have acted as clerks of the board are as follows:
Henry Waldron, Esq., 1813 to 1813
Rev. Timothy Clowes, LL. D., 1813 to 1816
T. R. Beck, M. D., 1816 to 1848
Rev. Wm. H. Campbell, D. D., 1848
The office of principal has fallen but to three persons, as follows :

Rev. Benjamin Allen, LL. D., 1815 to 1817

T. Romeyn Beck, M. D., LL. D., 1817 to 1848
Rev. Wm. H. Campbell, D. D., 1848

The succession of the faculty is as follows :

Professors of Greek and Latin |H. L. V. D. Holstein 1835 to 1839
Languages. J. Molinard 1839
Rev. Joseph Shaw 18 15 to 1824 Lecturer on Chemistry.
Rev. Peter Bullions 1824 to 1848 Lewis C. Beck 1831 to 1834
Rev. Wm. H.Campbell 1848 Tutors.
Moses Chapin 1815 to 1816
Prof. Mathematics and Natural
Rev. Isaac Ferris 1816 to 1817
Philosophy .

Michal O'Shaunessy 1819 to 1826 John B. Crocker 1817 to 1817

1826 to 1832 Michael O'Shaunessy 1817 to 1819
Joseph Henry
Philip Ten Eyck 1832 to 1848 John Thompson 1819 to 1820
Dr. William O'Donnel 1820 to 1829
George H. Cook 1848
William Soul 1829 to 1830
Lecturer Physiology and Physical
Daniel D. T. Leech 1829 to 1831
Geography. Georsje W. Carpenter 1831 to 1835
T. Romeyn Beck 1848
Rev. Sam'l McArlhur 1831 to 1833
Prof. English Literature. W.Griffiiths 1831 to 1834
Charles'Clapp 1835 to 1837J
1833 to 1834
Hugh Blair Jolly 1837 to 1841
j
Rey ^^ _ 1834 to 1835
Prof. English Language^and Logic Henry Carpenter 1834 to 1835
Alex. B. McDoual 1841 to 1342 Alex. B. McDoual
|

1835 to 1841
Philander D. Young 1842 to 1843; Edward p. Edwards 1S35 to 1840
John S. Holmes 1843 to
1844j Davi(j p. Robertson 1836 to 1838
Rev. Samuel Center 1844 to 1848 Samuel S. Smith 1838 to 1847
Rev. John Sessions 1848 Austin H. Wells 1840 to 1840
Prof. Modern Languages. Andrew Shiland 1841 to 1844
J. Molinard 1830 to 1830 Rufus K. Crocker 1844 to 1847
M. Leon Cheronoet 1830 to 1831) James N. Crocker 1847
H. Picard 1831 to 1835' William T. Wrightson 1847
 Schools. 79
The Academy building which was commenced in 1815, and completed
In 1817, is constructed of free stone, from near Newark, New Jersey, an
excellent and durable building material ; and notwithstanding the length
of time it has stood, is still one of the most attractive edifices of the
city. It is situated on the north-west corner of the public square, on a
line with the Capitol. The main building is 70 by 80 feet, and the wings
30 by 45 feet, three stories high, including the basement. It commands
a view down Steuben street, having an extensive park in front, sur-
rounded by a substantial iron fence, and planted with ornamental trees.
The cost of its erection was about $100,000.

SCHOOL OF 1785.
A school was opened in Elihu Goodrich and John Ely. The
May by
classical term academy had not yet come into use. The Latin and
Greek languages were taught, and the most useful branches of mathe-
matics, as well as the element aries. It went on the high pressure prin-
ciple through by daylight. Hours of study from 6 to 8, 9 to 12, 2 to 5,
and 6 to 8. The magisters seem to have been willing to bestow at least
time and diligence. Their terms were for Greek and Latin, and mathe-
matics, 20s. writing and cyphering, 16s.; reading and spelling, 12s.
;

To all which singing " by the latest and most approved method" was
added for 12s.

SCHOOL APPROPRIATION.
An act passed the legislature, 7th of April, 1795, appropriating 20,-
000 annually for the term of five years, for the purpose of encouraging
and maintaining schools in the state. The proportion allotted to Albany
county was 1,590, or $3975; the law to go into operation on the 7th.
April. It was a stride towards the free school system.

SABBATH EVENING SCHOOL.

On March 24, 1816, a sabbath evening school was established at Mr.
Young's school room, in Washington street, and appears to have been
countenanced by the Moral Society. It was attended by 150 children
and 50 adults.

SUNDAY SCHOOL.
It was announced that a Sunday Free School would be opened on Sun-
day, March 21, 1813, at the school room of George Uphold, in Van
Tromp street, where several useful branches of English education would
be taught from the hours of 6 to 8 in the morning, and 12 to 2 in the
afternoon, free of all expense.
80 Albany Female Academy.

ALBANY FEMALE ACADEMY.

This institution was founded in the year 1814, under the designation
of the Union School; a name apparently suggested by the circumstances
attending its origin. A number of the most influential citizens, desirous
to obtain for their daughters the benefit of a superior education, united
for the purpose of securing the services of a competent instruotor, rented
a suitable building in Montgomery street, and appointed as principal Mr.
Horace Goodrich. The original subscription list, which, amid the loss
of other documents connected with the early history of the Academy, has
been preserved, is as follows:
"
We, the undersigned, agree lo send to Union School in Montgomery
street, under the tuition of Mr. Horace Goodrich, the number of female
scholars affixed to our names, for the space of one year, from the first
day of May next; and we also agree to pay to Ebeneeer Foot twenty-
four dollars for each scholar in four equal quarterly payments, the first
payment to be on the first day of August next. Feb. 24, 1814.
John Ely, 1 T. & J. Russell, 4
Moses Allen, 2 Edward Brown, 1
James Scrymser, 1 G.Stewart, 1
Matthew Gill, 2 Harmanus Ten Eyck, 1
Uriah Marvin, 2 James Kent, 1
Thomas Gould, John V. Henry, 3
Solomon Allen, John Reid, 1
William Fowler, Isaac Hutton, 1
Nicholas Bleecker, Asa H. Center, 1
Abram Van Vechten, [Three names torn away.]
Benjamin Knower,
 Albany Female Academy. 81
It appears from paper that Mr. Ebenezer Foot was preemi-
this
nently active in commencing the Academy, and, so far as an individual
can claim an honor in which, however, several probably to some extent,
participated, he may be regarded as its founder. In a memoir of Mr.
Foot, prepared and published_at the request of friends, by his brother
Samuel A. Foot, of Geneva, we find the following statement, which
"
evidently conveys no more than the truth on this matter. One act of
Mr. Foot's life should not be omitted or forgotten wherever his name
is mentioned. The present Female Academy in Albany owes its ex-
istence mainly, if not entirely, to him. It is now, and has been for
some years, one of the most valuable and useful institutions in the coun-
try. It was commenced in February, 1814, under the name of the
Union School in Montgomery street. The original subscription paper is
now before the writer. It bears date on the 24th day of that month.
The subscriptions are payable to Mr. Foot, and it is within the know-
ledge and recollection of the writer that he started the project and ob-
tained most of the subscriptions. The principal motive of Mr. Foot, no
doubt, was to establish a good female school in his neighborhood, to
which he might send his daughter. If this was his sole motive, it was
a good one. But whatever the motive, whether to qualify his own
daughter, or those of his neighbors and friends, for the duties of
American ladies, or, more expansive still, to elevate and adorn the
female character, and store the female mind with useful knowledge, his
name should be kindly remembered by every pupil who has enjoyed or
may enjoy the benefits of the institution, and by every friend of female
education."
During the first six years and upwards of the existence of Union
School, no records were kept of its proceedings, or if kept, they have
not been preserved but no doubt it continued to increase, throughout
;

this period, in numbers and reputation; for, in 1821, an act of incorpo-

ration was obtained from the legislature. The board of directors named
in the charter, consisted of

James Kent, president, Peter Boyd,

Gideon Hawley, Rev. John Chester,
Asa H. Center, Joseph Russell,
John V. Henry, William Fowler.
Teunis Van Vechten,
Five of these, it will be seen, were among the original subscribers,
and thus had the satisfaction of seeing the enterprise which they began,
consolidated and rising into fame.
In the same year, 1821, a more spacious building was reared, still in
Montgomery street, the first stone of which was laid on the 26th June;
and so rapidly did the school increase, that in 1827 an additional build-
ing was required, and erected accordingly. These edifices continued
to be occupied by the Academy till 1834, when its celebrity and numbers
became so great as to justify and demand the erection of the splendid
and commodious edifice where the classes now meet. On the 12th of
May, in that year, the new building was opened, when an address
was delivered by the president, Rev. John Ludlow. The following
persons then constituted the board of trustees and the faculty:
 Albany Female Academy.
TRUSTEES.
Rev. John Ludlow, John T. Norton,
Gideon Hawley, James Vanderpoel,
James Clark, Ph. S. Van Rensselaer,
Israel Smith, Richard V. De Witt,
Richard M. Meigs, Thos. W. Olcott,
Edwin Croswell, Ira Harris,
Jacob Sutherland,
FACULTY.
Alonzo Crittenton, principal. Ann Hickcox, teacher.
Henry Hart, professor. Harriet E. Fassett,
Henri Picard, prof, of French. Catharine Pierce,
Ann Charlotte Lynch, teacher. Harriet N. Kirk,
Harriet B. Hopkins, " Emina Whitney,
Charlotte E. Andrews, "

At the present time the trustees and faculty are as follows :

TRUSTEED.
Greene C. Bronson, President. John Q. Wilson,
Edwin Croswell, Rev. W. B. Sprague,
Thomas W. Olcolt, Rev. Duncan Kennedy,
Ira Harris, Jas.McNaughton,
Rev. N. Wyckoff,
I. Marcus T. Reynolds,
Harmon Pumpelly, Amasa J. Parker.
FACULTY.
L. Sprague Parsons, Principal. Lucy Jane Fassett, teacher.
Chas. Murray Nairne, Professor. Jeannie Miller,
Julien Molinard, Prof. French. Emeline Harvey,
Harriet E. McDoual, teacher. S. A. Bayeux,
" R. Packard, Prof. voc. Music,
Mary Pynchon,
besides various professors of the ornamental branches of female educa-
tion, who do not form part of the regular faculty.
Since the incorporation of the Academy there have been six presi-
dents, as follows :

James Kent, Chancellor of New York, deceased.

Rev. John Chester, pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church, de-
ceased.
Rev. John Ludlow, now provost of the'University of Pennsylvania.
Rev. Isaac Ferris, now President Rutger's Institute, New York.
Rev. John N. Campbell, pastor First Presbyterian Church.
Hon. Greeae C. Bronson, Judge Supreme Court.
The principals of the Academy since the foundation have been five,
namely :

Horace Goodrich, Alonzo Crittenton,

Lebbeus Booth, L. Sprague Parsons.
Frederick Matthews,
Of these, Messrs. Goodrich and Matthews are dead. Mr. Booth,
on-in-law of the founder, is resident at Ballston; Mr. Crittenton is
 Albany Female Academy. (f) ^f it

principal of the Female Academy at Brooklyn ;

and Mr. Parsons is
now in office.
It will be seen that some of the most distinguished men in the state and
country have been, or are, connected with the Albany Female Academy;
and if, as is contemplated, a fuller history of the institution than the
present sketch, be given to the public, it will also be seen how many
American ladies, occupying useful, honorable and high places in society,
have received their education at this celebrated school.
This notice would be incomplete if it said nothing of the system and
course of instruction pursued in the Academy.
The school consists of six departments, and one of French, which may
all be gone through in the space of eight years. Less lime, except in
extraordinary cases, would be insufficient to do justice to the scheme.
The studies of the first or highest department require two years, and one
year additional for ancient and modern languages is strongly recom-
mended, and frequently taken. The course is in all respects complete j
the system thoroughgoing, judicious and substantial. The writer had
no acquaintance with the Academy till within these last two years; but
now for upwards of twelve months, he has had the best opportunity
daily of observing it, and comparing it with similar institutions, both in
this country and in Europe, and it is but due to truth and justice to
declare, that the Albany Female Academy is superior to most, and
second to none of these, both in the cultivation of mind, and in the
maintenance of that cheerfulness of heart, buoyancy of spirit, and
unforced love of knowledge, whtch many have deemed, in the case of
females, incompatible with such faithful and severe intellectual disci-
pline as is herej practiced. No young lady, unless in the rare instances
of incorrigible incapacity, can pass clearly and continuously through the
present course of the school, without an accurate knowledge of the ordi-
nary parts of an English education, and a highly respectable acquaintance
with literature and science. In regard to those who have talent and
diligence enough to graduate, much stronger terms may be employed.
It is understood that until lately, the method of which too many colle-
ges set an example, and which perhaps could not, without difficulty, be
departed from in a female Academy was pursued of granting diplo-
mas to all who had passed over the curriculum, without any very rigid
examination as to the extent of their profiting by it. This, the usual
plan, has, however, been abandoned in the Albany Female Academy,
and a special examination of the strictest and most impartial kind has
been instituted, so that now it is certain that no person can receive a
diploma unless she fairly and fully proves herself to be all that the
diploma affirms she is. Graduation implies not simply attendance dur-
ing the usual time at school, but also an extensive and accurate know-
ledge of literature, philosophy, mathematics and natural science, and a
diploma from this institution of learning is one of the highest intellectual
honors that a lady can obtain. Nor do strictness of discipline, and care
in the distribution of honors appear to affect the Academy
injuriously,
but the reverse, for it never was more flourishing than at the present
day. The number of scholars with which the school commenced in 1814,
was about 33; at present, and notwithstanding the institution of many
seminaries, upon the same model, it exceeds 300, drawn from all parts
of the United States.
84 State Normal School.

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.

This institution was
established in 1844, by an act of the legislature,
for the instruction and practice of teachers of common schools in the
science of education and the art of teaching. An annual appropriation
of $10,000 was made for its support, to be paid out of the literature fund.
Each county in the state is entitled to send to the school a number of
pupils, of either sex, equal to twice the number of members it sends to
the assembly, where they have the privilege of remaining until they
graduate, defraying all their own expenses, except those of tuition and
mileage. Females are not admitted under 16 years of age, nor males
under 13. On entering the institution they are required to sign a pledge
to devote themselves to the business of teaching district schools. The
summer term commences on the first Monday in May, and the winter
term on the first Monday in November. The number of graduates dur-
ing the four years since its organization, is as follows: 1845, 34; 1S46,
110; 1847, 110; 184?, 96; total, 350. The number of students during
the last term was 146 females, and 147 males; total, 293. Attached to
the institution is an experimental school, the object of which is to afford
each normal pupil an opportunity of practicing the methods of instruc-
tion and discipline inculcated at the school, as well as to ascertain his
aptness to teach, and to discharge the various other duties pertaining to
the teacher's responsible office. The experimental school has 70 pupils,
between the ages of six and sixteen, 35 of whom are free pupils. The
edifice now occupied by the school, No. 119 State street, was built by
the Mohawk and Hudson Rail Road Company, and used by that corpora-
 Houses in Albany in 1786. 85
tion several years as a depot for the passenger trains, until the termina-
tion of the road was changed to Maiden lane. The common council
contributes the rent of the building towards the encouragement of the
enterprise. In return for which, the free seats in the experimental school
are given exclusively to fatherless children residing in the city of Albany.
At the last session of the legislature, an appropriation of $15,000 was
made for the erection of a new edifice for the purposes of a school, and
the city appropriated the lot occupied by Engine House No. 9, corner of
Howard and Lodge streets. A spacious and convenient building is in
progress of erection, which will be ready for occupation in the summer
of 1849. The executive committee having charge of the institution con-
sists of Christopher Morgan, superintendent of common schools, chair-
man; Gideon Hawley, Samuel Young, Harmanus Bleecker, and William
H. Campbell, the latter acting as secretary. The faculty consists of:
Geo. R. Perkins, A. M., Principal and Professor of Mathematics,
Win. F. Phelps, Permanent Teacher of Experimental School,
Darwin G. Eaton, Teacher of Mathematics, etc.,
Sumner C. Webb, Teacher of Arithmetic, etc.,
Silas T. Bowen, Teacher of Grammar, Mathematics, etc.,
Wm. W. Clark, Teacher of Natural Philosophy and Chemistry,
Truman H. Bowen, Teacher of Vocal Music, etc.,
Elizabeth C. Hance, Teacher of Reading and Geography,
Ann Maria Ostrom, Teacher of Drawing, etc.
The first principal of the institution, was David P. Page, who died in
January, 184S, at the early age of 38. He was succeeded by Prof. Geo.
R. Perkins, whose reputation as a mathematician is so well known. Un-
der these, and a corps of excellent teachers, the school has attained a
lasting reputation in the short space of four years.

HOUSES IN ALBANY IN 1786.

In 1786 the number of houses in Albany was found by actual enume-

ration to be 550. A statement of the number of houses in the principal
cities and towns at this time, will serve to show their relative propor-
tions:

Philadelphia, 4600 Charleston (S. C.),. . . 1540

New York, 3500 Albany, 550
Boston, 2100 New Haven, 400
Baltimore, 1900 Hartford, 300
It will be seen that Albany was the sixth in point of number. The
census of Boston was found to be at that time 14,640, exclusive of stran-
gers, which gives seven persons to a house. At this rate Albany would
have had 3,850 inhabitants. To carry out the calculation, Philadelphia
would have contained 32,200; New York, 24,500; Baltimore, 13,300;
Charleston, 10,780. The number of strangers might have increased the
estimate one eighth. The population of these places, however, is known
to have differed considerably from the above estimates.
8
86 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church.

REFORMED PROTESTANT DUTCH CHURCH IN ALBANY.

The establishment of this church in Holland is said to have been con-
summated immediately after the decision of the Synod of Dort, in 1619.
The colonists of New Netherland brought with them a strong attachment
to the doctrines, worship and government of the church at home, and how-
ever deeply interested in secular pursuits, it is known that in very good
time they took rneasm-es to establish among them the regular ministrations
of the gospel. There are no records preserved in the church, by which
to ascertain the exact time when it was organized in this part of the
colony, though it is claimed by some to have been coeval with the first
settlement. Dr. Livingston, a noted preacher in the early part of the
present century, says, there were documents in existence which rendered
it certain that a considerable church was organized in New York, as early
as 1619, and that records were extant, containing the names of members
in full communion, dated 1622. At another time, speaking of the Albany
" It is
settlement, he says, very certain that they had ministers there as
early, if not before, any were at New York." Dr. O'Callaghan, on the
other hand, asserts that in 1640 no church or clergyman existed yet in Rens-
selaerswyck, although the colony at New Amsterdam erected "
a church
in 1633; but that in 1642 the Rev. Johannes Megapolensis, the pious
and well learned minister of the congregation of Schoorel and Berge,"
came out under the patronage of the patroon, and arrived on the llth of
August. It is ascertained by documents preserved in the Van Rensselaer
archives, that the conditions upon which the above named clergyman ac-
cepted the call to Rensselaerswyck, were, a free passage, and board for
himself and family an outfit of 300 guilders ($120), and an annual salary
;

of 1100 guilders ($440), 30 schepels (22^ bushels) of wheat, and 2 firkins

of butter, for the first three years; and if the patroon was satisfied with
his services, he was to receive an additional sum of 200 guilders ($80) per
annum, for another term of three years. The minister's family consisted
of himself and wife, and four children. A house for the dominie had
been cortracted for, but was not erected when he arrived; the carpen-
 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 87
ter of the colony not being a reliable man, if Commissary Van Curler's
account of him is correct; but a house constructed entirely of oak
was purchased on his arrival, for $120. We are led to infer that the
church edifice was, likewise, unprepared for the use of the minister for ;

the commissary wrote to the patroon that he intended to have one built
" in the
during the summer, pine grove," 34 feet long by 19 wide; a
building previously begun not proving satisfactory
for the purpose. The
church was clustered in among the other buildings around Fort Orange,
which stood near the river between Denniston and Lydius streets, and
the church yard was in the rear, on what is now Church street. The
furniture of this church consisted of a pulpit ornamented with a canopy,
pews for the magistrates and the deacons, and nine benches for the con-
gregation; the expense of all which
was $32. A
new stoop was added
to the building in the year 1651, and the church continued to accommodate
the faithful till 1656, a period of 13 years from the time of its erection.
Mr. Megapolensis retired from the colony in 1649, with the intention of
returning to Holland but he was persuaded to remain at Now Amster-
;

dam, where he still resided when that place was surrendered to the Eng-
lish, as did also his brother William,
who lent the weight of his influence
to prevent the doughty governor, Stuyvesant, from firing upon the enemy.
He died in 1670.
In 1652 the Rev. Gideon Schaats (or Schaets) was sent over to supply
the pulpit at Albany for three years, under a salary of 800 guilders per
annum ($320), which was afterwards increased to 1000, and then to 1300
guilders per annum. He is said to have been 45 years of age when he
arrived in the colony, and was accompanied by his two sons and daughter.
He is supposed to have died in 1683.
The Rev. Mr Niewenhuysen (or Niewenhuyt) was a colleague of Mr.
Schaats as early as 1675. In that year the Rev. Nicholas Van Rensselaer
(or Nicholas Ranslaer) arrived here, and set up a claim not only to tho
pulpit, but also to the manor itself; but failed to obtain either. The Duke
of York recommended him to Sir Edmund Andross for a living in one of
the churches at New York or Albany. Suspected of being a papist, Mr.
Niewenhuysen disputed his right to administer the sacraments, on the
ground that he was not approved by the Classis of Amsterdam, to which
the Dutch churches here held themselves subordinate. In this controversy
the governor took the part, of Mr. Van Rensselaer, and summoned Niew-
enhuysen before him to answer for his conduct ;* but he was so grossly
maltreated, and so frequently harassed by fruitless and expensive attend-
ances before the council, that the greater part of the people resented the
usage he met with and the magistrates of Albany, in retaliation, impri-
;

soned Mr. Van Rensselaer for " several dubious words " uttered in a ser-
mon. The governor in turn ordered him to be released, and summoned
the magistrates to attend him at New York, where warrants were issued
to compel them to give security in 5,000 each, to make out good cause
for confining the minister. Leisler, who was one of them, refused to
comply, and was imprisoned. Sir Edmund, fearful that a great party
would rise up against him, was at last compelled to discontinue his eccle-
siastical jurisdiction, and refer the controversy to the decision of the con-
sistory of the Dutch church at Albany. It is said that Mr. Van Rensse-
laer's popularity with the prince grew out of his having predicted, while

Nw York Records, vol. iii, p. 54 et seq.

88 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church.
Charles II. was
in exile, the day of his restoration; and it is furthermore
related that the people of Albany held his prophetic pretensions in
high
estimation, out of which proceeded many strange tales.
A stone church was erected in 1656, at the intersection of what was
then or afterwards called Yonker's and Handelaer's streets, now known
as State street and Broadway. The corner stone was laid by
Rutger
Jacobsen, and the pulpit and bell, promised to be sent over by the Dutch
West India Company, arrived in due time, and served the congregation a
century and a half.
In 1683, the Rev. Godfredius Dellius arrived, to assist Mr. Schaats in
the ministry, who was now about 76 years of age. The Register of
Bap-
tisms commences this year, with the name of Mr. Dellius at the head of
the
page, and has been tolerably well kept ever since. At the time Mr.
Dellius arrived in the colony, the church is said to have been very
numerous, to which great additions were made by him, especially among
the Mohawk Indians. Unhappily he was led into extravagant speculations
in land, which involved himin difficulties, and led to his dismissal in
1699,
when he returned to Holland. The history of the dominies in New Neth-
erland exhibits a succession of active labors in an unpromising and rather
uninviting field; and a series of private woes and difficulties, which drove
several of them back to the shores of Europe. The flock was widely ex-
tended. Besides the colony of Rensselaerswyck, it embraced the Mohawk
Indians, and the settlements on the river. There was a considerable in-
gathering of neophytes from Kinderhook and more remote places, in all
directions.
In 1700, the Rev. Nucella was the officiating minister; and in
1703 the Rev. John Lydius commenced his labors, which terminated in
1709. The pulpit seems to have been vacant two years. The baptismal
register has the name of Rev. Gualterus Du Bois, who resided in New
York, in 1710 ; and that of Rev. Petrus Vas, in 1711 ; neither of whom ap-
pear to have been settled pastors.
In 1712 the Rev. Petrus Van Driessen was called, and continued his
ministerial labors until his death, whieh took place about the 1st of Febru-
ary, 1738. In the meantime the church was rebuilt, namely, in 1715, upon
the site of the old one, at the confluence of State with Court and Market
streets, and a patent or charter procured in 1720. The Rev. Cornelis
Van Schie began to officiate as his colleague in 1733 after whose de-
;

cease, in August. 1744, the Rev. Theodoras Frelinghuysen occupied the

pulpit till 1760, when he abruptly left the church and returned to Holland.
The story of this ill-fated divine, as told by Mrs. Grant, excites our com-
passion for a worthy, zealous, and high-minded man. The account of
his tragical end is variously told, and may have had a legendary origin.
In the latter part of the year 1760, the Rev. Eilardus Westerlo arrived
from Holland, and entered upon the pastoral charge. He became one of
the most eminent ministers of the Dutch church in America, and died in
1790, at the early age of 53, in the thirty-first year of his ministry, greatly
revered and lamented by his people.
During the occupation of New York by the British, the Rev. Dr. Living-
ston occasionally assisted Dr. Westerlo, from 1776 to 1779; but when 4 a
call was given him in 1780, he declined its acceptance. Adisposition was
manifested by some of the prominent members of the church, twenty years
after, to give him a call to pre&ch to them in the Dutch language ; but
 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 89
the trustees reluctantly consented, after several refusals, to grant a salary
for the purpose; and when they finally acceded to it, the sum was too
small, and the doctor had become too infirm to leave his charge in New
York, if he had entertained the wish to do so.
In 1787 the Rev John Bassett was associated with Dr. Westerlo. The
church had now become comparatively wealthy and numerous. In 1798,
during his ministry, the congregation having become too large for the di-
mensions of their ancient church, a new one was completed, in North Pearl
street, and services were held weekly in both places. About this time,
serious differences arose between Mr. Bassett and his consistory, which led
to his withdrawal from the church in 1804. He removed to the Boght,
and afterwards to Bushwick, Long Island, where he died in 1820.
The Rev. John B. Johnson became the colleague of Dr. Bassett in 1796,
and continued here until 1802, when he withdrew, and removed to Brook-
lyn. He died at Newtown. Long Island, on the 29th August, 1803. In
consequence of impaired health he had withdrawn from the cares of a
large congregation, and accepted a call where less exertion was re-
quired; but his disease was too deeply rooted, and the change proved
ineffectual to his relief. After the death of his wife, who left him in April
with three infant children, he rapidly declined. He was distinguished by
abilities which marked him for extensive usefulness, and his mind was im-
proved by a liberal education and indefatigable study. He enjoyed great
popularity with his people, and during his ministry very gratifying acces-
sions were made to the church. The two ministers preached alternately
in the old and new churches.
By the removal of Mr. Bassett in 1804, the church was left without a
pastor. At this juncture, a meeting of the great consistory was called
for the purpose of deliberating upon the concerns of the church, and to
decide upon the call of a pastor. This body was composed of the acting
board, and the surviving members of all former boards of consistory, and
met on the 27th of May, 1805. The following members attended:
John Veeder, Henry Quackenbush, K. K. Van Rensselaer,
John N. Bleecker, Henry Staats. Jacob Bleecker, Jr.,
John B. Bradt, Isaac Truax, Teunis Ts.Van Vechten,
John H.Wendell, John Gates, Harmanus A. Wendell,
John D. P. Douw, Gerrit A. Lansing, Henry Van Woert,
Pruyn. Peter Lansing, Casparus Pruyn,
Henry Truax, Joachim Staats, Gerardus Lansing,
Douw Fonda, James Bleecker, Jacob J, Lansing,
Gerrit Quackenbush, Elbert WiHett, Gornelius Groesbeeck,
Killian J. Winne, John J. Bleecker, Richard Lush,
Sol'n Van Rensselaer, John H. Wendell, Sanders Lansing,
Harmanus P. Schuyler, Cor's Van Schelluyne, Isaac Bogert,
Anthony Van Santvoort, Philip P. Schuyler, Jacob Van Loon,
Jacob Ten Cornelius Van Vechten, Volkert S. Veeder,
(, Eyck)
jLeonard Gansevoort, William Staats, Peter E. Elmendorf,
Gerrit Groesbeeck, Abraham Schuyler, Abraham Ten Eyck.
John P. Quackenboss,
In the absence of any pagtor, Mr. Peter Dox had presided over the meet-
ings of the board for a long time. They determined to call the Rev. John
M, Bradford, under a salary of $1500. He was to be required to preach
90 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church,
but once on each sabbath during the first year, and his salary was to be
increased $250 in the event of his marriage. The Rev. Mr. Linn, who had
been an occasional preacher here several years, was also engaged to preach
once on each sabbath. Mr. Bradford was ordained and installed pastor of
the church on the llth of August, ]805.
The project of another new church began to be agitated early in 1799,
to be located upon the ancient church yard, where it was subsequently
built. In 1805, the ground occupied by the old church at the foot of State
street, was sold to the city corporation, for $5,000, and in the spring of
the following year it was taken down, and the materials used in the con,
struction of the church on Beaver street. A
great deal of interest still
attaches to this venerable edifice, and its demolition was viewed with pain,
people, who
ful emotions by many of the old had been so long accustomed
to worship there. It had served the
purposes of the congregation nearly
a century, aqd was invested with an unusual religious affection and vene-
ration j the inarch of improvement has seldom overturned a nobler struc-
ture. The site had been selected for the church just a century and a half
preyioqs. The one erected in 1643 had before 1656 become inadequate to
the accommodation of the community, and it had been determined in the
course of the preceding year to erect a new building. To assist this good
work the patroan and codirectors subscribed 1000 guilders, or $400, and
1500 guilders were appropriated from the fines imposed by the court at
Fort Orange. In the early part of the summer, Rutger Jacobsen, one of
the magistrates, laid the corner stone of the sacred edifice, in presence of
the authorities, both of the town and oolonie, an.d of the assembled inha.
bitants. A temporary pulpit was, at first, erected for the use of the mi.
nister, but the settlers subscribed twenty-five beavers to purchase a more
splendid one in Holland. The chamber at Amsterdam added seventy-five
guilders to this sum, for "the beavers were greatly damaged;" and "with
a view to inspire the congregation with more ardent zeal," presented
them the next year with a bell, " to adorn their newly constructed little
church."* A
fragment of this bell is still preserved, it is said, in one of
the churches, bearing the inscription, " Anno 1601." And when in 1715,
the original structure was beginning to decay, and the congregation,
becoming too numerous for its dimensions, the foundations of a new one
were laid around it, and the walls carried up and enclosed before the first
was taken down, so that the customary services were interrupted only
three sabbaths. This enlargement was made in the third year of the mi.
nistry of the Rev. Petrus Van Driessen ;
and the ingenuity of the scheme
by which so great a work was accomplished without materially interrupt-
ing the weekly services, seems to have been a subject of great admiration
and universal remark, in all time since, The edifice which had been con,
structed in this extraordinary manner, was in the Gothic style, and is sup
posed to be correctly delineated in the accompanying engraving. It
occupied almost the entire width of State street, and extended partly
across Broadway.
When the church was demolished, very few of the armorial bearings upon
its stained windows escaped destruction still a few relics were preserved.
;

Among these, is one of its small windows; also, the weather-fane, and
one of the bags in which the contributions were taken. But above aU the

Hist. N. Nelh., i,, 3Q7,

 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 91
old pulpit is still in existence, and forms
a very interesting relic. It was sent
over Irom Holland in 1656, and was
continued in the service of the church
150 years. It is constructed of oak,
octagonal in form, about four feet high,
and three feet in diameter. Although
in a dismounted state, and rather off
at the hinges, it is otherwise in a very
good state of preservation. The ac-
companying engraving represents it
it now stands in
very accurately, as
the attic of the North Dutch Church.
The bracket is seen in front, upon
which the dominie placed the hour glass, when he commenced his dis-
course. This pulpit was occupied by a long line of ministers, whose me-
mory has been so much neglected, that it has been with great difficulty
and labor we have traced their names even, and that imperfectly. The
following is the best account we are able to give of the succession of the
ministry.
1642 to 1649, Rev. Johannes Megapolensis.
1652 to 1683, Rev. Gideon Schaats.
J675 Rev..
Niewenhuysen.
J6.83 to 1699, Rev. Godfredius Dellius.
1699 to * =- Rev. Nucella.
J703 to 1709, Rev. John Lydius.
1710 no pastor, Rev. GualterusDu Bois. (occasional)
1711 do. Rev. Petrus Vas. ( do. )
1712 to 173S, Rev. Petrus Van Driessen.
1733 to 1744, Rev. Cornelis Van Schie.
mi to 1760, Rev. Theodorus Frelinghuysen.
1760 to 1790, Rev. Eilardus Westerlo.
1776 to 1779, Rev. John H. Livingston, (occasional)
1787 to 1804, Rev. John Bassett.
1796 to 1802, Rev. John B. Johnson.
1805 Rev. John M. Bradford.
.
The minutes of the board of consistory were very imperfectly kept pre-
vious to the year 1790. The records of the church which we have seen,
consist principally of registers of baptisms and marriages, kept often in a
very obscure manner, in which the elections of church officers are some-
times interspersed. Soon after the above date, however, a new spirit
geems to have animated the board, which was composed of some of the
most eminent men of the city. They entered upon the business of erecting
a large church, surpassing all others in the city; and among other im-
provements and regulations which they introduced, they caused the minutes
of the board, as far as they had been kept, to be fairly transcribed, and
insisted upon their being properly and fully noted. Since then their trans-
actions have b*en very well preserved.
We have traced the history of this church, one of the oldest in the
United States, down to the year 1805, when a new era begins. The church
now consists of three congregations, an account of which is deferred to a
future time,
92 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church.
APPENDIX.
Call of the Rev. Johannes Megapolensis. Whereas, by the state of the
navigation in the East and West Indies, a door is opened through the
special providence of God, also in New Netherland, for the preaching
of the gospel of Jesus Christ, for the salvation of men, as good fruits
have been already witnessed there, through God's mercy and whereas
;

the brethren of the Classis of Amsterdam have been notified that Mr.
Kiliaen Van Rensselaer hath within the said limits in the North River,
as patroon or lord, founded a colony named Renselaerswyck, and would
fain have the same provided with a good, honest, and pure preacher ;
therefore they have observed and fixed their eyes, on the reverend, pi-
ous and well-learned Dr. Joannes Megapolensis, junior, a faithful ser-
vant of the gospel of the Lord, in the congregation of Schorel and
Berg, under the Classis of Alkmaar, whom ye have also called, after
they had spoken with the said lord, Mr. Kiliaen Van Rensselaer, in the
same manner as they, with his honor's approbation, do hereby call him
to be sent to New Netherland, there to preach God's word in the said
colony, to administer the holy sacraments of baptism and the Lord's
supper; to set an example to the congregation, in a Christian like man-
ner, by public precept ; to ordain elders and deacons according to the
form of the holy apostle Paul, 1 Tim., iii., 1 moreover to keep and
;

govern, with the advice and assistance of the same, God's congregation
in good discipline and order, all according to God's holy word, and in
conformity with the government, confession and catechism of the Nether-
land churches and the synodal acts of Dordrecht, subscribed by him to
this end, with his own hand, and promised in the presence of God, at
his ordination, requesting hereby all and every who shall see and read
these, to respect our worthy brother as a lawfully called minister, and
him to esteem by reason of his office, so that he may perform the duty
of the gospel to the advancement of God's holy name and the conver-
sion of many poor blind men. May the Almighty God, who hath call-
ed him to this ministry, and instilled tl.is good zeal in his heart, to pro-
claim Christ to Christians and heathens in such distant lands, strengthen
him more and more, in this his undertaking, enrich him with all sorts of
spiritual gifts; and bless overflowiugly his faithful labors; and when
the Chief Shepherd, Christ Jesus, shall appear, present him with the
imperishable crown of eternal glory. Amen. Thus given in our clas-
sical assembly at Amsterdam, this 22d day of March, 1642. Signed in
the name and on behalf of the whole body. Wilhelmus Somerus, loco
praesidis;
Zloahar Svvalmius, scriba classis Jonas Abeels, elder. Ex-
;

amined and approved by the directors of the West India Company,

Chamber of Amsterdam, 6th June 1642 (sisned) Charles Looten, Elhs
de Raet. Mr. Megapolensis embarked in the Houttuyn, and arrived at
the colony in August of 1642. O'Callaghan's Hist. N. Neth., i., 449,

The First Church. In commissary Van Curler's letter to the patroon,

dated June 16, 1643, he says: " As for the church, it is not yet con-
tracted for, nor even begun. I had written last year to your honor, that I
had a building almost ready, namely, the covenanted work, which
would have been for Dom. Megapolensis and this house was not agree-
;

able to the taste of Dom. Johannes in other respects it was altogether

5

suitable for him, so that i have laid it aside, That which I intend to
 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 93
build this summer in the pine grove (in het greynen bosch), will be 34
feet long by 19 feet wide. It will be large enough for the first three or
four years, to preach in, and can afterwards always serve for the resi-
dence of the sexton, or for a school." Ibid., i.,459.

Note of Hand. church was rich enough

It appears that in 1647, the
to loan money by the following note of
to the patroon, as will be seen
hand to the deaconry: "I, the undersigned, Anthonie de Hooges,
have, on the part of the noble patroon of the colonie of Rensselaers-
wyck, borrowed from the diaconie of the aforesaid place, for the term
of one year, to be repaid in cash, at the option of the lenders, with ten
per cent interest per annum, the sum of three hundred guilders in sea-
wan, whereof one hundred and twenty is in ordinary seawan. promis-
ing thankfully to produce at the aforesaid time, in stated specie afore-
said, to the diaconie of the aforesaid place. In testimony whereof,
have I subscribed this acte with mine own hand. Aclum R. Wyck, 9th
May, 1647." Ibid, t.. 471.
Agreement between Dom. Megapolensis and the Patroon. The condi-
" to administer
tions upon which Mr. Megapolensis accepted the call
and promote divine service in the colonie for the term of six successive
years, according to previous demission from his classis/' were as fol-
lowe " Firstly, Dr. Johannes Megapolensis 39 years old, with his
:

wife, Machtelt Willemsen, aged 42 years, besides his children, HeJle-

gond, Derrick, Jan, and Samuel, aged 14, 12, 10 and 8 years, shall furn-
ish and provide themselves with clothing, furniture and other utensils,
and these put up in such small and compact parcels, as can be properly
stowed away in the ship. In the mean lime, as his six years and his
salary shall commence so soon as be shall set foot in the aforesaid colo-
nie, the patroon, in addition to free board for them all in the ship, until
they reach the colonie, shall over and above make him a present, for
future serivce, at once, of three hundred guilders, without deduction.
And in case it happen, which the Lord God in his mercy forbid, that he
and his family come to fall in the hands of the Dunkirkers, the pa-troon
promises to use all diligence to procure his ransom; to forward him af-
terwards on his voyage, according as occasion shall again offer, and to
cause to be paid him during his detention, for the support of himself and
family, forty guilders per month; and also so much here monthly, after
he shall have received his liberty and orders, and shall have conveyed
him hither, until he embarks. On his arrival, by God's help, in the co-
lonie, the patroon shall cause to be shown to him where he and his shall
lodge at first, until a fit dwelling shall be erected for him. So soon as
he shall reach the colonie, his hereafter mentioned salary shall com-
mence, and his board and wages cease, and the palroon be discharged
therefrom. Which salary, in order that he and his family shall be able
honorably to maintain themselves, and not be necessitated to have re-
course to any other means, whether tilling the land, commerce, rearing
of cattle, or such like but by the diligent performance of his duties, for
;

the edifying improvement of the inhabitants and Indians, without being

indebted to any person, which he also acknowledges to observe where-
;

fore the patroon promises to cause to be paid to him for the first three
years' salary, meat, drink, and whatever else he may claim in that re-
gard, one thousand, or ten hundred guilders yearly, one half here in
94 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church.
this country, the remaining half in proper account there, according as
he requires it, ia provisions, clothing, and such like, at the ordinary and
accustomed prices; and a further yearly addition of thirty schepels of
wheat I say thirty schepels and two firkins of butter, or in place
thereof, sixty guilders in money's worth. Should the patroon be satis-
fied with his service, he shall give him yearly, the three following years,
an increase of two hundred guilders. In case of decease within the
aforesaid six years, at which time the salary shall cease, the patroon
shall pay to his widow, besides the supplement of the half year in which
he shall have entered, a yearly sum of one hundred guilders, until the
expiration of the aforesaid six years. He shall, besides, befriend and
serve the patroon, in all things wherein he can do so without interfering
with or impeding his duties. The aforesaid Johannes Megapolensis
having also promised to comport himself in the said colonie as a loyal
subject and inhabitant thereof, the above named palroon, on his side,
also promises, for him and his successors, to perform and execute what
is hereinbefore set forth, and to furnish him with due acte and commis-
sion, sealed with the seal of the patroon and the colonie; and in acknow-
ledgment of the truth, without fraud, guile, or deceit, has this writing
been signed by both sides. In Amsterdam, this 6lh of March, 1642."
Ibid, i., 448.
The Rev. Gideon Schaats the second clergyman in Albany, was born-
in? 1607.He was originally engaged as minister of the colonie of Rensse-
laerswyck, but in 1657, he was appointed at the request of the inhabi-
''

tants of Fort Orange and Beverwyck," minister of the latter place, at

a salary of 1200 guilders, " to be collected for the greatest part from the
inhabitants." The following is a contract under which he first came to
this country: "We, Johan Van Rensselaer, patroon, and codirectors of
the Colonie Rensselaerswyck in New Netherland, having seen and ex-
amined the actes granted by the venerable Classis of Amsterdam to
Dominie Gideon Schaats, so have we invited and accepted the said
Gideon Schaats as preacher in our aforesaid colonie, there to perform
divine service in quality aforesaid. To use all Christian zeal there
to bring up both the heathens and their children in the Christian re-
ligion. To leach also the Catechism there, and instruct the people in
the holy scriptures, and to pay attention to the office of schoolmaster
for old and young. And further to do everything fitting and becoming
a public, honest and holy teacher, for the advancement of divine service
and church exercise among the young and old. And, in case his rever-
ence should take any of the heathen children there to board and to edu-
cate, he shall be indemnified therefor as the commissioners there shall
think proper. And he is accepted and engaged for the period of three
years, commencing when his reverence shall have arrived thither in the
Colonie Rensselaerswick, in the ship the Flower of Gelder, his passage
and board being free and he shall enjoy for his salary, yearly, the sura
;

of eight hundred guilders, which shall be paid to his reverence there

through the patroon's and codirectors' commissioners; and in case of
prolongation, the salary and allowance shall be increased in such man-
ner as the parties there shall mutually agree upon. And as a donation,
and confirmation of this reciprocal engagement, one hundred guilders
in
are now
presented to the dominie. And in addition the sum of three
hundred guilders to be deducted from the first earned wages in the colo-
 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 95
to have received, acquit-
nie, which moneys he doth hereby acknowledge
ting thereof the palroon and codirectors. Finally, should the dominie
require any money to the amount of one hundred guilders, to be paid
yearly here, and to be deducted there, the said payment, on advice from
the commissaries there, shall be made here, to the order of the afore-
said dominie. Whereupon, the call, acceptance, and agreement are con-
cluded, each promising on his side, with God's help, to observe and fol-
low the same, which each has promised, and in testimony thereof have
both signed this. In Amsterdam, this eighth of May, XVI hundred two
and fifty." Was signed Johan Van Rensselaer, Toussaint Mussart, for
the codirectors, Gideon Schaats called minister to Rensselaerswick.
Ibid, if., 567.

Mr. Schaats's Children. The Rev. Mr. Schaats had three children,
two sons and one daughter. Reynier, the oldest, removed to Schenec-
tady, where he was killed, with his son, at the great massacre, Feb. 10,
1690. Bartolomeus, the second, passed over to Holland, 1670, but re-
turned and settled as a silversmith in New York, where he died about
1720, having a son, Reynier, from whom are descended all of the name
now in this country. AnnekcS., the daughter, married Thomas Davitse
Kikebell, of New York. She was by no means a favorite with some of
the female portion of her father's congregation, who carried their feel-
ings so far, at one time, as to object to approach the Lord's supper in
her company. Her father resented this. Indeed, already female gossip
had been caught busy at a tea party with even the dominie's character j
a prosecution for slander ensued, and the parties had to pay heavy dama-
ges. Out of this probably arose the ill-will towards the daughter, who
was sent by the magistrates to her husband at New York. The dominie
in consequence, resigned his charge over the church, after having preach-
ed a sermon on 2 Peter, i., 12-15. He was, however, reconciled to his
flock, and Anneke returned to her father, by whom she seems to have
been much loved." Ibid, ii., 568.
Dom. Dellins Deposed. When the Earl of Bellomont arrived as gov-
ernor of the province, in 1688, Mr. Dellius was despatched in company
with Capt. John Schuyler, to Canada, to convey the account of the
peace of Ryswick, and to solicit a mutual interchange of prisoners.
The dominie allowed his Indian agency to involve him in serious dif-
ficulties. The Assembly of 1699 took into consideration sundry extrava-
gant grants of land which had been made by Col. Fletcher to several of
his favorites. Among these were two grants to Mr. Dellius, who was
accused of having fraudulently obtained the deeds, according to which
the patents had been granted. One of these, dated Sept 3, 1696, under
the seal of the province, was made by Col. Fletcher for a tract of land
" the east side of the Hudson river, between the nothermost
lying upon
bounds of Saraghtoga and the Rock Rossian," containing about 70 miles
in length, and 12 miles broad, subject to a yearly rent of one raccoon
gkin! Another grant was made to Dominie Dellius, William Pinchon
and Evert Banker, dated July 30, 1697, for "a tract on the Mohawk
river, 50 miles in length, and two miles on each side of the river, as it
runs," subject to an annual rent of one beaver skin for the first seven
years, and five yearly forever thereafter. On the 12th May, 1699, the
" It
Assembly resolved that, having appeared before the house of rep-
96 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church.
resentatives convened in general assembly, that Mr. Godfrey Dellius.
has been a principal instrument in deluding the Maquaas Indians, and
illegal and surreptitious obtaining of said grants, that he ought to be
and is hereby suspended from the exercises of his ministerial function
in the city and county of Albany."

Church Records. The book of baptisms and marriages commenced by

Mr. Dellius in 16S3, and continued to the present day, has been of great
service to many, who from various motives have sought to trace their
ancestry, and to others who have resorted to it for the purpose of per-
feeling papers to obtain pensions; but above all the heirs of Anneke
Jantz are there enabled to make out their parentage, and get it estab-
lished by the certificate of the church master; which having obtained
they carefully deposit it in a capacious wallet, with as much satisfaction,
apparently, as if they had overcome a great obstacle, and were actually
pocketing 'trinity church itself. The resort to the books for the above and
similar purposes has been so great, that they have become a good deal
defaced. In order to the entire preservation of so valuable a record,
two large folio volumes have been procured, into which all the names
have been copied in a fair and legible hand. Posterity is indebted for
this laborious performance to the industry of Dr. John H. Trotter, who,
with the zeal and perseverance of a Dutch commentator, has given up
his leisure hours for many months, to the arduous task of decyphering
and transcribing several hundred pages of Dutch and Indian names,
many of them almost unintelligible. "The baptisms during the minis-
try of Dom. Dellius, embracing about sixteen years, were more than
1100. Among these Indian names frequently occur. Under the date of
July 11, 1690, are the following:
Suongara (Little Plank), aged 40; baptismal name David.
Kowajatense, wife of the above, aged 30 ; named Rebecca.
Tekaneadaroga aged 22; named Isaac.
Tejonihokarawe (Open the Door), aged 30; named Hendriek.
Karanondo (Uplifter}, aged 50; named Lydia.
Kaadejihendara aged 12; named Seth.
Siouheja (Lively), named Rachel.
Skanjodowanne (Eagle** Beak), named Manasse.
Sagonorasse (Fast Binder), aged 12; named Adam.
Karehodongwas (ihePlucker),a%ed 16, wife of Isaac; namedEunice.
dug. 6, 1690. Son of Eunice, aged 9 months; named Simon.
Kwaorate, mother of Eunice, aged 60; named Lea.
Karehojenda, ased 30, daughter of Lea; named Alida.
Waniho, as:ed 40; named Josine..
Daughter of Josine, ased 9; named Jakomine.
Son of Josine, a<?ed 7; named Josua.
The whole number of baptisms on record is about 14,000. The first
baptisms under the successor of Mr. Dellius, who was Dom. Nucella,
bear date Sept. 3. 1699. In 1701, baptisms seem to have been made of
a considerable number of persons belonging to Kinderhook, and in 1707
and 1708, at Esopus. (Kingston). On ^the 23d and 30th April, 1710, 61
baptisms are entered by Mr. Gualterus DuBois, who left his settlement
at New York the previous year. la 1711, the following baptisms were
made by Rev. Petrus Vas, who wag a settled pastor at Kingston: March
 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 97
4th, 14; llth, 7; Oct. 7th, 16; 12th, 2; 14th, 8; 20th, 3. Also in 1712,
by the same, Feb. 10th, 15; 17th, 5. On the 20th April 1712, the first
entry is make by Rev. Petrus Van Driessen, of 29 baptisms.

Early Members of the Church. We are indebted to Mr. S. V. Talcott

for the following names of the members of the Reformed Protestant
Dutch Church of the city of Albany, "as they were numbered at the
end of the year 1683," in the handwriting of Mr. Dellius.
Juriaen Teunis, Gerrit Swart,
93 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church.
GeertruytGroosbeeck (da. of
 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 99
Cornelis Teunis (Van Vech-IAalbert (Jacobs) Gerdenier,
100 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church.
Andries Hans Huyck,
Catryn Andries (a Van Val.
 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 101
July 6th, 1694. aurens Claas (VanSchaick) argriet Blyker,
Gideon (Indian), atelynlje Teuwi.s, argriet Harmens,
Alida do. innetje Joehums (wife of atelina Wendell (now
December 26th, 1694. Isaac Jans). Schuyler),
Meellje Van Bergen (now April 9lh, 1696. eeltje Gerrits,
Douvv), [yndert Rosenboom, rkje Winne,
Dirk Van der Heyden, bram Lansing, ara Marselis,
David Schuyler, atrine Staat (now Schayk). :arrhje Roelofs (Kidni),
Margriet (Indian), aartje Brats (wife of Rey- elena Pruyn,
Eva do. nier Mynderts). ammertje Lokerman (Oot-
Maria do. nna Glen (now Wendell), hout).
Elsje do laria Salisburry, inuary 8th, 1699, from Kiu-
January 20th, 1695, of Kin- [ayken Van Esch (now derhook.
derhook. Wendell), st Van Allen,
Arieentje Barents (wife of targreetje Pels, lephenas Van Allen,
Pieter Martens), aartje Van Deusen. [anuelVan Schaack,
Robbert Teuis (VanDeusen) :
June 26th, 1696 ysbeth Arnoutse Van Eli.
Johannes Van Allen. ntoni (Indian), April 6lh, 1699.
March 21st, 1095. torcas do. leyer Gerrits.
Thomas Harmens (Hun?), larent do. acobus Schuyler,
Hendrick Hans, latrine do. idries Nack,
Tarn Williams. September 18th, 1696. Hendrick Douw,
Agneetje Gansevoort (his wif< ohamies (Indian), an Jans Van. Aarnen,
Franz Winne, Arem do. Vouter Quakelbosch (mar-
Elsje Gansevoort (Winnen), April 1st, 1697. ried Cornelia, da. of Law-
Claas Sivers, I ayken Van Esch (now On rence Bogert),
Albert Rykmen, derkerck), ilatthyse Nak,
Gerrit Ryks, Innetje Schaats, ilaria Verplank,
Rachel Winne (of Schenec Margriet Ryks, Geertje Gerrits (Van den
tady), Slizbeth Lansing (now Groes Bergh),
Hendrik Pruyne, beck), .ysbeth Gansevoort,
Tryntje Cnrnelis (wife of Susanna Wendell (now largriet Rykman,
Pieter Waldroa), Wyngaard), jysbeth Viele (from Neobo.
Sara Foreest, largriet Schuyler (no rum),
Claartje Quakelbosch (wif< Livingston), lelena Fonda,
of Dirk Take! sen), Catrena Van Schayk (no\ Antje Quakelbosch,
Annelje Hogenboom, Quakkenbosch). osina Maas (Van Buren?),
Rachel Slingerlandt, December 27th, 1697. -Jillitje Gansevoort,
Maria Wendell, Sara Van Allen, Vlaria Quakelbosch,
Dewertje Van Petten, January 13th, 1698. >Ieeltje Marinus,
Anna Van Petten (wife o Guysbert Scharp, Elachel Douw,
Claas Siversend,) Hendrik Jans (Witbeck), Cornelia Quakelbosch,
Daniel Bratt, Sara Jans (Witbeck), Anna Pruyn,
Pieter (Indian), Marritje Jans (Witbeck), Canastasji (Indian).
Joseph do. April 21st, 1698. September 8th, 1699.
Tierk do. Hagar (Indian), Jonathan Braadhorst.
Agniet do. Jacomine do. January 5th, 1700.
Lea do. Luycas Lucas (VanHookerl Susanna Wendells.
Susanna do. Solomon Cornels (Van Vec" May 8th, 1700.
December 25th, 1695. ten), Claes Fonda,
Cornelis Bogardus, Hasuera Marselis, Daniel Winnen,
Brant (Indian), Maas Ryks, Isack Ouderkerck,
Jacob do. Harman Rykman, Lysbet Wendell,
January 22d, 1696. Robbert Levingston, Jr., Mary Ingolsbie,
Jan Teuwis (Van Deusen), Margriet Levingston, Rachel Bogardus,
Marrietje (Van Deusen) Margriet Van Trigt, Susanna Trujex.

Patent of Church Pasture. Thomas Dongan, Captain Generll and

Governour in Chief in &. over y e Province of New Yorke & Territoryes
Depending thereon in America under his most sacred Majesty James
y Second by y Grace of God King of England Scotland France and
e e

Ireland Defender of y e faith &c To all to whom this presents shall

come sendeth greeting Whereas by virtue of a certaine Deed of Bar-
gaine & Sale from ye Mayor Aldermen & Commonalty of y citty of Al
 102 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church.
bany bearing Date ye first day of November in ye third year of his said
Majestyus Reigne &. in y e year of our Lord one thousand six hundred
f-ighty & Seaven GodfriJus Dellius of ye said Citty Clerk stands seized
in his owne
Right and to his own use of an Estate of Inheritance in fee
simple of & in a certain Piece or Parcell of Land commonly called or
known by ye JVame of ye Pasture Scituate Lyeing and being to the South-
ard of ye said Citty nere ye
place where ye old Fort stood and extended
along Hudsons River till it comes over against y e most Northerly Point
of ye Island
Commonly Called Martin Garritsons Island haveing to
y e East Hudsons River to ye South ye Manor of Rensselaerswyck to
e
y West ye highway Leading to ye towne ye Pasture late in ye tenure
and occupacon of Martin Garrittse &
ye Pasture late in ye tenure and
occupacon of Casp r Jacobs to y e North y e several pastures late in y e
tenure & occupacion of Robert Sanders
Myndart Harmanse & Evert
Wendall & ye several Gardens late in ye tenure & occupacon of Dirick
VVesselJs Killian Van Renslaer & Abraham States
together with all and
singular ye Profits Commodityes & Apputences whatsoever to the said
Pasture Piece or Parcell Land & Premissess or any part or parcell
thereof belonging or in
any wise Appurtaineing or to or with y e same now
or at any time heretofore
belonging or used Occupied or Enjoyed as Part
or Parcell or Member thereof & whereas
ye said Goodfridus Dellius has
made his request unto me yt I would on ye behalfeof his Majesty grant
& confirm unto him ye said Goodfridus Dellius his Heirs and Assigns
y e before mencoried Pasture Piece or Parcell of Land & Premisses with
y e Appurtences Know y ee y* by virtue of my Commission & Authority
from his most sacred
Majesty 8c Power in me being and Residing in Con-
sideracon of ye Acquit Kent or Chiefe Rent herein after Reserved and
other Good & Lawful Consideratonsme thereunto moving I have Given
Granted & confirmed and by these presents Do hereby Give Grant &
Confirm unto ye said Godfridus Dellius his Heirs & Assigns forever
all yt ye before Recited Pasture Piece or Parcell of Land & Premissess
with all and every y e Hereditaments and Appurtenances to have and
hold all yt ye said Pasture Piece or Parcell of Land & Premissess with
ye Herditaments & Appurtenances to y said Godfridus
all and singular e

Dellius his heirs and Assigns forever to y e only Proper use and behoofe
of him ye said Godfridus Dellius his Heirs and Assigns forever to bee
holden of his most sacred Majesty his Heirs and Successors in free and
Comon Soccage According to yQ tenure of East Greenwich in y county
of Kent in his Majestys Realme of England Yielding Rendering and
Paying therefore Yearly and every Yeare to his said Majesty his Heirs
and Successors forever as a Quitt Rent one shilling Good and Lawful!
Mony of this Province att Albany to be paid to such officer or officers
as from time to time shall be empowered to Receive the same in Leew
& Stead of all Services Dues and Demands whatsoever in testimony
whereof I have Signed these Presents with my hand Writing Caused
ye same to be recorded in ye Secretary's Office & y Scale of this his
e

Majestey's Province to be hereunto affixed this thirtieth Day of July in

y e fourth yeare of his Ma ties Reigne and in y e Yeare our Lord 1688.
THOMAS DONGAN.
May ittplease yo r Excy the Attorney Gener* has Perused this Grant
1

& finds nothing therein contained Prejudiciall to his Majestyes Interest

Exxd July ye 30 1688
: W. NICOLLS,
 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 103
City Records. Among the records in the City Hall, are three volumes
in Dutch, written generally in a good character, embracing about thirty
years of the close of the seventeenth century, in which are frequent
allusions to church matters, coming under the notice of the council.
Some of the city authorities procured the translation of these records a
few years ago, but the work was very imperfectly done, in an abridged
or mutilated form. Being unable to read the originals, we have copied
a few items from the translated volume.
1676. A request of the consistory of Kingston, that Dominie Schaats
might come over to administer the Lord's supper and baptism, which
was denied because Dominie Schaats was a settled minister, but if they
wanted Dominie Rensselaer would agree thereto Dominie Van Rens-
selaer preferred a complaint against Jacob Lesler and Jacob Milborne,
for slandering his orthodoxy and ridiculing his preaching and the talents
graciously bestowed on him by the Lord &c. &c., requests consequently
that it may please the court to give a verdict about this matter as will
be most convenient with the truth and justice, and also with the welfare
of Christ in the city Mandate of his excellency the governor gene-
ral to the court to do their utmost endeavors to prevent, to smooth
and to remove the divers disputes arisen between the pastors and some
of the members of the Reformed Dutch Church Reconciliation be-
tween Dominie Van Rensselaer, Jacob Lesler and Jacob Milborne,
also between Dominie Schaats and some members of the consistory,
whereby all the former disputes and ecclesiastical discords are thrown
in the fire of love.
Feb., 1677. Proclamation was made prohibiting all misdemeanors
which have often occurred here on Shrove Tuesday, viz,: riding at a
goose, cat, hare and ale, &c., on a penalty of/25 seawan Order
of the court to prevent and punish severely the shameful violation of
the sabbath especially committed by the inhabitants of Kinderhook, and
the appointment of Jochem Lambertse deputy sheriff strictly to attend
to it.
1678. Captain Philip Schuyler complains about it being refused to
Dominie N. Van Rensselaer by the consistory to take his seat in the
usual pastor's pew with the elders Resolved and ordered that Cap-
tain Philip have a suitable seat in the church, behind that of the magis-
trates.
Feb., 1679. A. Muir requests in the name of the court and consistory
of Schenectady, that Dominie Schaats may be sent four Sundays in one
year to administer the Lord's supper to said place and community,
which request is granted in so far that Dominie Schaats is allowed to
go four times in one year to administer the holy sacraments, but not on
a Sunday, whereas it would be unjust to let the community be here
without preaching Appeared before the court Dominie Schaats, the
e^-'er and two deacons, who voluntarily offer to take to their charge the
rebuilding of the dominie's house, to be in future a suitable dwelling for
the pn^tor, requesting a deed of conveyance No person may sell
any footer victuals during the time of service on the Lord's day, but
after the sermon Proclamation by which is expressly cautioned
against the violating of the Lord's day as by deplorable experience was
found that a great deal of the inhabitants were committing Sum-
moned before the court on request of Dominie G. Schaats and the con-
sistory of the Reformed Dutch Church, Ida Barents, to be inquired
104 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church.
about the slanderous manner in which some of the members of the Lu-
theran church, and especially a certain Engeltye, the wife of Solomon
Volktie, should have expressed herself in the presence of said Ida
Barents, on account of the church and consistory. Appeared before the
court Engeltje, to whom the accusation was read, whereupon she prayed
and received pardon, on condition of better behavior in future.
1631. Petition of the consistory of the Reformed Dutch Church com-
munity, according to the repealed and earnest solicitation of Dominie
Schaats, that it would please the court to do their utmost endeavors to
obtain them a good orthodox pastor for their church, which is favorably
answered by the court, and resolved in consequence to summon several
of the principal citizens, in order to know their opinion of the matter. . . .

May. Whereas, Captain Anthony Brockholst has been pleased to give

his approbation for the obtainance of a new pastor for the Reformed
Dutch Church. It is resolved by the court to collect a sum of money of
the community to defray the expenses of his passage hither Letter
of Captain Brockholst about the sending of Aneke, the daughter of
Dominie Schaats with her children to New York to her husband Thps.
D. Kikebel, and order of the court to said Aneke to depart thither with
the first opportunity June. Appointment of two elders and two
deacons to collect the contributions of the members of the community
for the new appointed pastor Resolved that there shall be written
to the classis of Amsterdam for the sending of a good orthodox pastor
for the Reformed Dutch Church of Albany, who will enjoy a yearly
salary of /800 in beaver, and the contribution in behalf of his passage
thither, amounts to the sum of /648 beaver, which is deposited with
Messrs. J. H. Van Baal, Richard Van Rensselaer and Abel De Wolff,
to be used for said purpose Dec. The sheriff, ex officio, claims of
Jan Van Loon /SOU seawan, for a fine having greatly upbraided and
injured Martin Cornells, who had changed the Roman Catholic religion
for the Protestant, and calumniated the Protestant church itself by say-
ins: among other things to Marten, that he had turned from God to the
devil, on which several witnesses were examined.
May, 1632. Resolution about making a new gallery in the north side
of the church, by means of contribution on the community. Contract
with an architect to build another gallery in the church List of
twenty four persons who are entitled because of their contributions to
seats on the new made gallery in the church, as follows: Peter Schuyler
Philipse, Arent Schuyler, Philip Schuyler, Jr., Johannes Schuyler, Mar-
tin Geiritsen, Johannes Wendell, Johannes Cuyler, Joachim Staats,
Levinus Van Schayck, Sybrant Van Schayck, Jacob Lokermans, Robert
Livingston, Albert Rykman, Martin Cornelise, Claes Van Petton, Dirk
Wessells, Cornells Teunise, Johannes Janse, Myndert Harmense, Jan
Stoffolse Abeel, Anthony Van Schayck, Jacob Janse Flodder, Arnout
Cornelise Viele, Evert Banker Consented that Robert Livingston
may occupy for himself and his posterity, a seat on the new gallery, as
a reward for his trouble in getting contributions Resolution of the
court to write to the commissaries of Schenectady, to get information
whether it was true that the sabbath could be so dreadfully violated
there by some Frenchmen, and that such should rather be nourished
than hindered by the officer, L. Cobes.
Aug 1633. Citation of the Reformed Dutch Church
,
to inquire how
much of them would please to contribute for the salary of the Holland
 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 105
arrived pastor, Dominie Godefrideus Dellius. List of the subscribers
amounts to /1200 beaver, or 350 pistareens. Determination about
the just beginning of the ministerial year of Dominie Dellius, and some
dispositions in the notarial contract made at Amsterdam, the 20th July,
1682, especially on account of the increase of his yearly salary, in case
of the death of Dominie Schaats. Information given by Dominie Del-
lius of his being willing to perform the notarial contract of his duties
but will be pleased in being paid with Dutch money Disposition on
account of the yearly salary of Dominie Dellius, being finally fixed at
the sum of f9QO Dutch money, and also a determination ot Dominie
Dellius to preach to the community of Schenectady once a month
Resolution of the court to write a letter of thanksgiving to the classis
of Amsterdam, on account of their paternal care in sending of the reve-
rend, godly and deep learned Dominie Godefredius Dellius, and also to
write a letter of thanks to Richard Van Rensselaer and Abel de Wolff,
for their exertions Nov. Nomination of four members of the Re-
formed Dutch Church delivered to the court, to elect two of ihem to be
church wardens.

Jlct of Incorporation. George by the Grace of God King of Great

Britain, France and Ireland, defender of the faith, Sec., to all to whom
these presents shall come or may concern, sendelh greeting Whereas our
:

loving subjects the Rev. Petrus Van Driessen, Johannes Cuyler, Johan-
nes Rooseboom, Henrych Van Rensselaer, William Jacobse Van Deu-
sen, Rutgert Bleecker, Volkert Van Veghten, Myndert Rooseboom and
Dirck Tienbroock, the present ministers, elders and deacons of the Re-
formed Protestant Dutch Church in the city of Albany, in our province
of New York, by their humble petition presented to our trusty and well
beloved Colonel Peter Schuyler, president of our council for our pro-
vince of New York, in council have set forth that the inhabitants of
Albany, descended of Dutch ancestors, have from the first settlement of
this province by Christians, hitherto held, used and enjoyed the free
and undisturbed exercise of their religion and worship in the Dutch
language, after the manner of the established Reformed Protestant re-
ligion in Holland, according to the common rules, institutions and church
government of the national synod of Dort, in Holland, in the year of our
Lord Christ one thousand six hundred and eighteen, and one thousand
six hundred and nineteen. And that the said minister, elders and dea-
cons, and their ancestors and predecessors, at their own charge and
expense, erected, built and hitherto maintained a church within the city
of Albany aforesaid, and have dedicated the same to the service and
worship of Almighty God, situate, lying and being in the high street
commonly called Yonkers street, nigh the bridge in the city of Albany,
containing in length on the south side thereof seven rod, three foot four
inches; on ihe north sideseven rod, three footone inch, Ryland measure,
and in breadth on the east and west ends, sixty-one foot and five inches,
wood measure. And are now notonly quietly and peaceably seized and
possessed of their said church, but are likewise seized of sundry other
demesnes to and for their sole and only proper use and behoof of their
said church and congregation, that is to say. one certain messuage or
tenement and lot of ground in the aforesaid city of Albany commonly
called the Dutch minister's house, situate, lying and being in the
i06 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church.
Brewer's street, on the east side thereof, in the third ward of the said
city, being in front from the southward to the northward five rod ten
inches, and behind toward Hudson's river, six rod fifteen inches, Ryland
measure, and in length from the said street to the city stockadoes, bound-
ed on the south side by Jan Solomons, and on the north side by that
of the late Hans Hendrycks and the widow of David Schuyler. Also
one other certain messuage or tenement and lot of ground, situate, lying
and being in the city aforesaid commonly called poor house or alms
house, in the first ward of the said city, bounded on the south by the
high street that leads to the burying place to the north of Rutten kill,
and to the east of Harman Rutgers, and to the west by the lot of Garryt
Bancker, containing in breadth towards the street that leads to the Lu'
theran church by the said Rutten kill, six rod one foot and the like breadth
in the rear, and in length on the east side, eight rod and two inches, all
Ryland measure. Also that certain parcel of land commonly called and
known by the name of the pasture, situate, lying, and being to the south-
ward of the city of Albany, near the place where the old fort stood, ex-
tending along Hudson's river, till it comes over against the most north-
erly point of the island commonly called Marten Gerrytsen's island,
having to the east Hudson's river, to the south the manor of Rensselaers-
wyck, to the west the highway that leads to the city aforesaid, the pas-
tures now or late in the tenure and occupation of Martin Gerrytsen, and
the pasture now or late in the tenure or occupation of Casper Jacobs, to
the north the several pastures late in the tenure and occupation of Robert
Saunders, Myndert Harmans and Evert Wendell, and the several gardens
late in the occupation of Dirck Wessells, Killian Van Rensselaer and Abra-
ham Staats, together with the old highway from Beaver kill to the end of
Schermerhorn's pasture, adjoining to the same on the west side thereof.
Also that certain parcel of pasture land situate, lying, and being to the
southward of the said city, and to the westward of the before mentioned
pasture, near and about the limits of the said city on the manor of
Rensselaerswyck, containing in breadth along the wagon way, six and
twenty rod, and in lensth towards the woods, eight and twenty rod, and
in breadth towards the woods twenty five rod. And also all that
certain garden lot of ground situate, lying, and being in the great pas-
ture, containing in the breadth six rod and five foot, and in length eight
rod and two foot, and stretching backwards with another small lot of three
rod and two foot in length, and in breadth one rod and two foot Ryland
measure; praying that they may by charter or patent under the great
seal of the province of New York, be incorporated and made one body
politic in fact and name, and thai they and their successors forever here-
after, may not only be enabled to use, exercise and enjoy their aforesaid
privileges, and the free use and exercise of their said religion and wor-
ship in manner aforesaid, by the name and style of the ministers, elders
and deacons of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church, in the city of
Albany, with such other liberties and privileges as have been formerly
granted to other Reformed Protestant Dutch churches within the pro-
vince of New York, with variations, additions and commissions, as long
usage and experience has taught them to be most agreeable to their well
being and circumstances, but also the grant and confirmation of all those
their said inheritances and demesns, to hold to them, the said minister,
elders and deacons of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church in the city
 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 107
of Albany, and to their successors and assigns for ever. We being
willing to encourage and promote the said pious intentions and the free
use and exercise of their said reformed protestant religion, to the
same congregation and their successors for ever, in the said city of
Albany, know ye, that of our especial grace, certain knowledge, and
meer motion, we have given, granted, ratified, and confirmed, and do by
these presents for us, our heirs and successors for ever, give, grant,
ratify and confirm unto all the inhabitants of Albany, so as aforesaid
descended of Dutch ancestors, and professing he said reformed protest-
I

ant religion, and to their successors for ever, the free use and exercise
of their worship, doctrine, discipline and church government, according
to the canons, rules, institutions and directions of the Reformed Pro-
testant Dutch Church in Holland, instituted and approved by the National
Synod of Dort, and that no person nor persons whatsoever in communion
of the said Reformed Protestant Dutch Church in Albany aforesaid, or
at any time or times hereafter, shall be molested, disquieted, or disturbed
in the free use and exercise of their said religion and worship, they
behaving themselves peaceably, and not abusing this liberty to licentious-
ness, profaneness, and the civil injury or outward disturbance of the
National Church of England, as by law established, or other reformed
protestant churches in the aforesaid city of Albany. And to the end
the same liberties and privileges be hereafter for ever supported, main-
tained, and continued to them and their successors for ever, we of our
especial grace, certain knowledge and meer motion, do likewise will and
grant for us, our heirs and successors for ever, unto the same Pelrus Van
Driessen, the present minister of the same congregation at Albany,
Johannes Roseboom, Henryck Van Renssalaer, and William Jacobse
Van Deusen, the present elders of the same church, and unto Rutgeit
Bleecker, Volkert Van Veghten, Myndert Roseboom, and Dirk Tien-
broock, the present deacons of the same church, and the inhabitants of
Albany communicants of the said church, that they be as they are
hereby created and made one body corporate and politick in fact and
name, by the name of the minister, elders and deacons of the Reformed
Protestant Dutch Church in the city of Albany, and that they and their
successors for ever, shall and may by that name have perpetual suc-
cession, and be able and capable in the law to sue and be sued,
plead and be impleaded, answer and be answered unto, defend and be
defended, in all and singular suits, quarrels, controversies, differences,
strifes, matters and things whatsoever, and in all courts whatsoever,
either in law or equity, of what kind sover, as also by the same name,
to have, hold, take, receive, be seized of, possess and enjoy to them
and their successors forever their said church, parsonage or minister's
dwelling-house, alms-house, and other their demesnes or inheritances,
by fee simple, before mentioned, and such other demesnes or inherit-
ances to purchase and acquire to them and their successors and assigns
for ever, and by the same name, the same lands, hereditaments and
ap-
purtenances, or any part of them (excepting only the same church);
to alienate, bargain, sell, grant, demise, sell and to farm-let to any other
person, or persons, body corporate and politic, whatsoever at their will
and pleasure, in fee simple for life, or Jives, or for term of years, as to
them shall seein most convenient and profitable, as any other person or
persons, body corporate or politic, may or can do, not exceeding the
108 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church.
yearly value of three hundred pounds over and above what they now
stand seized and possessed, or for the common use and benefit of the
same Dutch Church and of all the members of the same congregation.
And we do further will and grant that the minister, elders and deacons
of ihe same church, for the time being, for ever hereafter, be the con-
sistory of the same church, and shall and may have, keep and use a
common seal to serve for all grants, matters and things, whatsoever be-
longing to the same corporation, with such device or contrivance thereon
as they or their successors for ever shall think fit to appoint, with full power
to break, new make and alter the same at their will and discretion and ;

the same consistory shall have and enjoy the like powers and privileges
as a Dutch consistory in the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church in Hol-
land do, or may or ought to use and enjoy. And we do will and grant
that the same Pefrus Van Driessen be the first minister of the said
church at the time of this our grant, and the same Johannes Cuyler,
Johannes Roseboom, Henryck Van Rensselaer and William Jacobse
Van Deusen, be the first elders of the said church at the time of this
our grant ;
and that the same Rutgert Bleecker, Volkert Van Veghten,
Mynderi Roseboom and Dirk Tienbroock, be the first deacons of the
said church at the time of this our grant, to all intents and purposes;
and that the said ministers, together with the said four elders and four
deacons, or the minister, elders and deacons for the time being, and the
major numbers of them whereof the minister for the time being always
to be one be the consistory of the said church, and have and shall have
full power and authority, at all time and times for ever hereafter, to act
in all their church affairs and business, by majority of voices, in as full
and ample manner as if the minister and all the said four elders and
four deacons were personally present and did actually and severally
give their votes. But in case of
the death, absence or removal of their
said minister, then, and in any of these cases, the elders and deacons of
the same church, for the lime being, or the major number of them, whereof
the first elder in nomination we will always to be one, and shall preside,
shall have, use and exercise all the power and authorities of a consis-
tory to all intents and purposes, and shall manage and order the church
afiairs in as full and ample manner as if their said minister were alive,
in these presents to the
present and consenting thereunto, any thing
contrary thereof in any wise notwithstanding. And we will and
grant that the same elders and deacons continue in their respective offi-
ces until the next anniversary election. And the said elders and their
successors, for ever hereafter, have and shall have the full power and
authority of receiving and paying the moneys given for the maintenance
of the minister or ministry of the same church, whether the same arise
by legacy, donation or voluntary contributions or collection from the in-
habitants or members of the same congregation, and are to keep exact
and true accounts to the consistory, when thereunto by them required
And that the said deacons and their successors for ever hereafter, have
and shall have the sole power and authority of receiving and paying
all the moneys collected and offered at the administration of the Holy
Sacrament of our Lord's Supper, and in church in the times of divine
icrvice of preaching, for the maintenance of the poor, and are to Keep
and render exact and true accounts thereof to the consistory aforesaid,
when thereunto bv them rpnm'red. which election of the same elders
 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 109
and deacons of the same church is to be at Albany on every second Sa-
turday of December, annually, forever, by majority of voices, of the
consistory, in the manner following : That is to say, on each second
Saturday of December, annually for ever at Albany, shall be chosen
two new elders and two new deacons, who, together with the two elders
and two deacons last in nomination in this our charter, shall serve for
the year ensuing in their respective offices, and for ever thereafter, the
two new ones shall be chosen and added to the younger two elders and
deacons of the preceding year, so always as to preserve the number
of four elders and four deacons of the said church. And moreover we do
will and grant unto the said minister, elders and deacons of the Reformed
Protestant Dutch Church, in the city of Albany, and to their successors
for ever, that on the second Saturday of December next, and on every
second Saturday of December annually forever herealter at Albany,
shall be elected and chosen four discreet persons by the majority of
voices of the consistory aforesaid, to be kirkmasters of the said church,
whose office and charge is and shall be to bui-d and repair the same
church and cemetery, parsonage, alms-house, and all other the he-
reditaments and appurtenances to the said church belonging, and to
have the ordering and direction of the pews and seats in the said church,
and the breaking of the ground in the cemetery for burying of the dead,
and shall have and receive all the rents and revenues of the said
church, coming therefrom or from any other of the said church's inheri-
tances also, the payments of all sum and sums of money laid out and
;

expended, or to be laid out and expended, in such necessary build-

ings and reparations of all which the said kirkmasters are likewise
to keep and surrender exact and true accounts to the said consis-
tory aforesaid, two of which four kirkmaslers last nominated, at the
next election shall continue in the same office for two years and two
new ones yearly for ever hereafter, to be elected and chosen to
serve with the two predecessors in like manner as with the elders
and deacons aforesaid and not otherwise. And it is our will and
desire that the two elders, two deacons and Iwo kirkmasters, who shall
be superseded by a new annual election of two others to succeed in their
respective places, shall account and deliver up their several respective
charges and moneys to their successors respectively, if any thereof be
in their hands and possession, respectively in public manner. And we
do likewise will and grant that the said kirkmasters shall be under the
direction of the said consistory for the time beins. And in case there
shall not be enough in the hands either of the elders, deacons or kirk-
masters, for the performing and finishing of any of their respective
charges and trust of their particular respective funds before mentioned,
which they be hereby respectively impowered to receive and manage,
that then it shall and may le lawful to and for the consistory aforesaid,
to order and direct the lending of what sum shall be necessary out of
any of the aforesaid funds towards deficiency of any other of the said
funds, so that there be no failure of any of the same three several charges
or trusts upon any unforseen contingency or emergency. And we do
likewise will and grant lhat in all elections of officers or other acts or
orders of the consistory the minister or president of the consistory shall
have but one vote. And if it shall happen there be an equal division of
the voices or votes, so that the matter, or thing in dispute cannot receive
10
110 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church.
the determination of a majority of voices, that then it shall and may
be lawful to determine the same by lot. leaving it to the sole wisdom of
God to determine the same as he shall think fit. And we do likewise
will and grant that it shall be in fhe power of the minister of the said
church, for the time being, by himself or in case of his death, absence or
removal, in the president or firsi elder who shall preside for the time being,
or in the power of the major number of the whole consistory for the
lime being, to call a meeting of the consistory for the good and service
of the said church, and the affairs of the said corporation, whensoever
they shall see meet within the said ciiy of Albany and in case it shall
;

please God that any of the said elders, deacons or kirkmasters, for the
lime being, shall happen to die, remove, or otherwise be disabled from
serving and officiating in their respective offices, within the year for
which they are so chosen or appointed to serve we do will and grant
;

that it shall and may be lawful to the consistory, for the time being, to
assemble and meet together at Albany, at any other time of the year
than the lime of anniversary election, and so often as there shall be oc-
casion to elect and choose other elders, deacons and kirkmasters in their
respective rooms and stead, to officiate for the remaining part of the
year until the next anniversary election which person or persons so
;

chosen as aforesaid into any of the aforesaid offices of elders, deacons

or kirkmaster, shall have like power and authority to act in their re-
spective offices as if they had been elected and c atirmed at the afore-
said time of the anniversary election aforesaid, or as if the same per-
sons so dying, being absent or otherwise disabled, were alive, present
and capable to do the same ; and we do will and grant unto the said
minister, elders and deacons of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church
in the city of Albany, and to their successors for ever, the advowson
and patronage of the said church; (that is to say ) lhat after the decease
of the aforesaid Petrus Van Driessen, or next and all other avoidances
thereof, lhat it shall and may be lawful to and for the elders and dea-
cons of the aforesaid church or Ihe consistory of the aforesaid church
and Iheir successors for ever, to presenl and call another minister to
succeed in th? ture of souls in the aforesaid church and congregation of
the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church in the city of Albany, provided
always such minister, so called or presented by them to the said living,
be always a person amenable to the laws of Great Britain and this Pro-
vince, and pay due obedience and allegiance unto us and our royal heirs
and successors, the kings and queens of Great Britain. And thai il
shall and may be lawful to and for the presenl minister or incumbent
of Ihe said church and his successors, or any of them lo have, lake, receive
and keep for his end and Iheir own use and support, thai maintenance
that now is or shall be agreed upon between him or them and Ihe said
consislory from time to time, and at all times hereafter. And il shall
and may be lawful lo and for the said elders of the same church, and
Iheir successors for ever, lo collect and receive the voluntary subscrip-
lions of Ihe inhabilanls of Albany, belonging lo Ihe said congregation,
for and towards the paymenl of Iheir said minisler, or Iheir minister for
the lime being, and to pay and cause to be paid unto the said minister
and his successor, the minister of the said church, for the time being,
his yearly stipend or salary, according to agreement, by quarterly even
payments thereof, or otherwise, as it shall be agreed upon by and be-
tween Ihem, Ihe said minisler of ihe said church and Ihe aforesaid con-
 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. Ill

sistory. And we do will and grant that the said deacons of the said
church, and their successors for ever, shall and may lawfully and peace-
ably, from time to time, and at all times hereafter, at the meeting of
the said congregation for the public service and worship of Almighty
God, to collect and receive the free and voluntary alms and oblations of
the members of the said congregation, and the free and voluntary offer-
ings made by the communicants at their receiving of the holy sacrament
of the Lord's Supper for the uses aforesaid, and to dispose thereof for
the pious and charitable uses aforesaid. And we do will and grant that
the kirkmasters aforesaid, and their successors for ever, shall and may
from time to time, and at all times hereafter, and so often as it shall be
necessary, shall and may demise, grant, and to farm let, of the demesnes
of the said church, demisable and grantable to nnd for the profit and
advantage of the said church, and receive and collect the rents and reve-
nues arising therefrom, or otherwise, and apply the same for and
towards the buildings and reparations of the said church and parsonnge,
and other the hereditaments belonging to the said minister, elders and
deacons of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church in the city of Albany,
and such other uses as are proper and necessary, provided always that
the said elders, deacons and kirkmasters in their separate offi:es, be
always accountable to and under the direction of the consistory of the
said church for the time being, and not otherwise. And we do further
will and grant that it shall and may be in the power of the consistory
of the said church, and their successors for ever, if they shall agree
thereupon, ?.nd find themselves able and capable of mantaining him at
any time or times hereafter, to nominate and call one or more able and
sufficient minister, lawfully ordained according to the constitution afore-
said, in all things to assist and officiate in the ministry which doth
belong to the sacred office and function of a minister of the gospel in
the said church, provided always that there be no preheminency or su-
periority in that office, and not otherwise. And we do likewise will and
grant to the said minister, elders, and deacons of the Reformed Pro-
testant Dutch Church in the city of Albany, and their successors for
ever, that it shall and may be lawfull to and for the consistory of the
said church, to nominate and appoint a clerk or precentor, schoolmaster,
sexton, bellringer, and such and so many other officers and servants of
the same church, as they shall think convenient and necessary, and to
call them by the same or what other names they shall think fit. And
vye
do will and grant that it shall and may be lawfull to and for the con-
sistory of the said church, and their successors from time to lime, and
at all times hereafter, to make rules, orders, and ordinances for the
better discipline and goveinment of the said church, provided always
that such rules, orders, and ordinances shall not be binding, nor effect
any other of our reformed protestant subjects within the same city, than
the voluntary members of their said congregation, and be no ways re-
pugnant to our laws of Great Britain and of this colony, but agreeable
to the articles of faith and worship agreed upon rnd instituted by the
National Synod at Dort, aforesaid. And further of our especial grace,
certain knowledge and meer motion, we have given, granted, ratified,
and confirmed unto the aforesaid minister, elders, and deacons of the
Reformed Protestant Dutch Church, in the city of Albany, and to their
112 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church.
successors and assigns for ever, all that their said church and ground
whereon it standeth, their said parsonage or minister's dwelling house,
with its herditaments and appurtenances thereunto belonging or any
ways appertaining, and all the alms house or poor house aforesaid, all
that the pasture or pastures, and all other the premises aforesaid, to-
gether with all and singular edifices, buildings, gardens, orchards, back-
sides, wells, ways, hollows, cellars, passages, privileges, liberties, profits,
advantages, hereditaments, and appurtenances whatsoever, to all and
every of them belonging, or in any ways appertaining. And all that
our estate, right, title, interest, properly and demand of, into or out of
the same or any part of any of them, and the revertions, remainders,
and the yearly rents and profits of the same, saving only the right and
title of any other person or persons, body corporate and politick what-
soever, to any of the premises hereby granted, or meant, mentioned,
and intended to be hereby granted, or to any of them, to have and to
hold, all that their said church and ground parsonage or minister's dwell-
ing house, alms house or poor house, pasture or pastures, and all and
singular other the premises with their and every of their heridiatnients
and appurtenances unto the aforesaid minister, elders and deacons of the
Reformed Protestant Dutch Church, in the city of Albany, their succes-
sors and assigns for ever, to the sole and only proper use, benefit and
behoof of the aforesaid minister, elders and deacons of the Reformed
Protestant Dutch Church, in the city of Albany, and their successors
and assigns for ever, (save only as before is saved and expressed) to be
holden of us, our heirs and successors for ever, free and common soccage
as of our manor of East Greenwich, in the county of Kent, within our
realm of Great Britain, yielding, rendering and paying therefore,
yearly and every year, for ever unto us, our heirs and successors for
ever, at our custom house in New York, unto our and their receiver
general for the time being, on the feast day of the Annunciation of the
Blessed Virgin Mary, commonly called Lady Day, the annual rent of
one pepper corn, if the same be lawfully demanded, in lieu and stead of
all other rents, services, dues and duties and demands whatsoever, for
the same church parsonage, alms house, pastures, and all other the above
granted premises, with the heriditaments and appurtenances. And we
do hereby will and grant unto the aforesaid minister, elders, and dea-
cons of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church, in the city of Albany,
and to their successors for ever, that these our letters shall be made
patent, and that they and the record of them remaining in our secretary's
office of our province of New York, shall be good and effectual in the
law to all intents and purposes whatsoever, according to the true intent
and meaning of them, and shall be construed, reputed, esteemed and
adjudged in all cases most favorable for the benefit and behoof of the
aforesaid minister, elders and deacons of the Reformed Protestant Dutch
Church in the city of Albany and of their successors forever, notwith-
standing the not true and well reciting of the premises, or of the limits
and bounds of any of them, or any part of them, any law or other
restraint, incertainty or imperfection whatsoever to the contrary thereof
in any way notwithstanding. In testimony whereof we have caused
the great seal of our province of New York to be affixed to these pre-
sents, and the same to be entered of record in one of the books of pa-
 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 113
tents in our said secretary's office remaining. Witness our said trusty
and well beloved Colonel Peter Schuyler, president of our council at
Fort George, the 10th day of August, in the 7th year of our reign, anno
domini 1720.
John Henry Lydius. The council of the province in 1747, brought
serious charges against John Henry Lydius, son of the dominie, alleging
that he was a person of desperate fortunes; that he had resided several
years in Canada, married a woman there of the Romish church, after
having abjured the protestant religion, and that his intrigues, together
with other popish emissaries, had tended to alienate the friendship of
the Indians and perplex the administration.

Rev. Mr. Frelinghuysen. A regiment came to town about this time,

the superior officers of which were younger, more gay, and less amen-
able to good counsel than those who used to command the troops, which
had formerly been placed on this station. They paid their visits at the
Flats,* and were received; but not as usual, cordially; neither their
manners nor morals being calculated for that meridian. Part of the
Royal Americans, or independent companies, had at this time possession
of the fort; some of these had families: and they were in general per-
sons of decent morals, and a moderate and judicious way of thinking,
who, though they did not court the society of the natives, expressed no
contempt for their manners or opinions. The regiment I speak of, on
the contrary turned those plain burghers into the highest ridicule, yet
used every artifice to get acquainted with them. They wished in short
to act the part of very fine gentlemen; and the gay and superficial in
those days were but too apt to take for their model the fine gentleman
of the detestable old comedies. These dangerously accomplished heroes
made their appearance at a time when the English language began to
be more generally understood and when the pretensions of the mer-
;

chants, commissaries, &c., to the stations they occupied were no longer

dubious. Those polished strangers now began to make a part of gene-
ral society. At this crisis it was that it was found necessary to have
recourse to billets. The superior officers had generally been either re-
ceived at the Flats, or accommodated in a large house which the colonel
had in town. The manner in which the hospitality of that family was
exercised, the selection which they made of such as were fitted to asso-
ciate with the young persons who dwelt under their protection, always
gave a kind of tone to society, and held out a light to others.
MadameSchuyler's sister was married to the respectable and intelligent
magistrate, f who administered justice not only to the town, but to the
whole neighborhood. In their house, slso, such of the military were
'
Theresidence of the Schuylers.
t Cornelius Cuvlcr, mayor of Albany, who had been a most successful Indian trader
in his youth, and had acquired large possessions, and carried on an extensive commer-
cial intprcourae with the traders of that dav, brineing from Kurope quantities of those
goods that best suited them, and pending back their peltry in exchange he was not only
;

wealthy, but hospitable, intelligent, and liberal minded, as appeared by his attachment
to the army; which was, in those days, the distinguishing feature of those who in know-
ledge and candor were beyond others. [It will be seen by reference to tho list of mayors
of Albany, pnge "23, that the authoress has committed a mistake in the name of this per-
son, Mrs. Grant returned to England in 1768, when but 13 years of age, and there was
no mayor of the name during her residence in America.]
 114 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church.
received and entertained, as had the sanction of her sister's approbation.
This judicious and equitable person, who in the course of trading in
early life upon the lakes, had undergone many of the hardships, and
even dangers, which awaited the military in that perilous path of duty,
knew well what they had to encounter in the defence of a surly and
self-righted race, who were little inclined to show them common indul-
gence; far less gratitude. He judged equitably between both parties;
and while with the most patriotic steadiness he resisted every attempt
of the military to seize any thing with a high hand, he set the example
himself, and used every art of persuasion to induce his countrymen to
every concession that could conduce to the ease and comfort of their
protectors. So far at length he succeeded, that when the regiment to
which I allude arrived in town, and showed in general an amiable and
obliginsr disposition, they were quartered in different houses; the supe-
rior officers being lodged willingly by the most respectable of the in-
habitants, such as not having large families, had room to accommodate
them. The ColonpJ and Madame happened, at the time of these ar-
rangements, to be at New York.
In the meanwhile society began to assume a new aspect; of the satel-
lites, which on various pretexts, official and commercial, had followed
the army; several had families, and those began to mingle more fre-
quently with the inhabitants, who were as yet loo simple to delect the
surreptitious tone of lax morals and second-handed manners, which pre-
vailed among many of those who had but very lately climbed up to the
stations they held, and in whose houses the European modes and diver-
sions were to be met with; these were not in the best style, yet even in
that style they began to be relished by some young persons, with whom
the power of novelty prevailed over that of habit; and in a few rare in-
stances, the influence of the young drew the old into a faint consent to
these attempted innovations; but with many the resistance was not to
be overcome.
In this state of matters, one guardian genius watched over the com-
munity with unremitting vigi'ance. From the original settlement of
the place there had been a succession of good quiet clergymen, who
came from Holland to take the command of this expatriated colony.
These good men found an easy charge, among a people with whom the
external duties of religion were settled habits, which no one thought of
dispensing with; and where the primitive state of manners, and the con-
stant occupation of the mind in planting and defending a territory where
every thing was, as it, were, to be new created, was a preservation to
the morals. Reliaion being never branded with tho reproach of imputed
hypocrisy, or darkened by the frown of austere bigotry, was venerated
even by those who were content to glide thoughtless down the stream
of time, without seriously considering whither it was conveying them,
till sorrow or sickness reminded them of the great purpose for which

they were indulged with the privilege of existence.

The dominies, as these people called their ministers, contented them-
selves with preaching in a sober and moderate strain to the people; and
living quietly in the retirement of their families, were little heard of
but in the pulpit; and they seemed to consider a studious privacy as
one of their chief duties. Dominie Frelinghuysen, however, was not
contented with this quietude, which he seemed to consider as tending to
 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 115
languish into indifference. Ardent in his disposition, eloquent in his
preaching, animated and zealous in his conversation, and frank and
popular in his manners, he thought it his duty to awaken in every breast
that slumbering spirit of devotion, which he considered as lulled by se-
curity, or drooping in the meridian of prosperity, like tender plants in
the blaze of sunshine. These he endeavoured to refresh by daily ex-
hortation, as well as by the exercise of his public duties. Though rigid
in some of his notions, his life was spotless, and his concern for his
people warm and affectionate; his endeavors to amend and inspire
them with happier desires and alms, were considered as the labor of
love, and rewarded by the warmest affection, and the most profound
veneration and what to him was of much more value, by a growing soli-
;

citude for the attainment of that higher order of excellence which it was
his delight to point out to them. But while he thus incessantly "al-
lured to brighter worlds, and led the way," he might perhaps insensibly
have acquired a taste of dominion, which might make him unwilling to
part with any portion of that most desirable species of power, which
subjects to us, not human actions only, but the will which directs them.
The progress which this regiment made in the good graces of his
flock, and the gradual assimilation to English manners of a very inferior
standard, alarmed and grieved the good man not a little; and the intel-
ligence he received from some of the elders of his church, who had the
honor of lodging the more dissipated subalterns, clid not administer
much comfort to him. By this time the Anglomania was beginning to
spread. A sect arose among the young people, who seemed resolved to
assume a lighter style of dress and manners, and to borrow their taste
in those respects from their new friends. This bade fair soon to undo
all the good pastor's labors. The evil was daily growing and what,
;

alas, could DomineFrelinghuysen do but preach. This he did earnestly,

1

and even angrily, but in vain. Many were exasperated but none re-
claimed. The good dominie, however, had those who shared his sor-
rows and resentments; the elder and wiser heads of families, indeed a
great majority of the primitive inhabitants, were stedfast against inno-
vation. The colonel of the rigiment, who was a man of fashion and
family, and possessed talents for both good and evil purposes, was young
and gay and being lodged in the house of a very wealthy citizen, who
:

had before, in some degree, affected the newer modes of living, so cap-
tivated him with his good breeding and affability, that he was ready to
humour any scheme of diversion which the colonel and his associates
proposed. Under the auspicies of this gallant commander, balls began
to be concprted, and a degree of flutter and frivolity to take place, which
was as far from elegance as it was from the honest, artless cheerfulness
of the meetings usual among them. The good dominie more and more
alarmed, not content with preaching, now began to prophesy: but like
Cassandra, or to speak as justly, though less poetically, like his whole
fraternity, was doomed always "to deliver true predictions to those who
never heeded them.
Now the very ultimatum of degeneracy, in the opinion of these simple
good people, was approachiog; for now the officers, encouraged by the
success of all their former projects for amusement, resolved to new
fashion and enlighten those amiable novices whom their former schemes
bad attracted within the sphere of their influence; and fpr this purpose,
116 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church.
a private theatre was fitted up, and preparations made for acting a play;
except the Schuylers and their adopted family, there was not perhaps
one of the natives who understood what was meant by a play. And by
this time, the town, once so closely united by intermarriages and num-
berless other ties, which could not exist in any other state of society,
were divided into two factions; one consisting almost entirely of such of
the younger class, as having a smattering of New York education, and
a little more of dress and vivacity, or perhaps levity, than the rest, were
eager to mingle in the society, and adopt the manner of those strangers.
It is but just, however, to add, that only a few of the more estimable
were included in this number; these, however, they might have been
captivated wilh novelty and plausibility, were too much attached to
their older relations to give them pain, by an intimacy with people to
whom an impious neglect of duties the most sacred was generally im-
puled, and whose manner of treating their inferiors, at that distance
from the control of higher powers, was often such as to justify the im-
putation of cruelty, which the severity of military punishments had
given rise to. The play, however, was acted in a barn, and pretty well
attended, notwithstanding the good dominie's earnest charges to the con-
trary. It was the Beaux Stratagem; no favorable specimen of the deli-
cacy or morality of the British theatre; and as for the wit it contains,
very little of that was level to the comprehension of the novices who
were there first initiated into a knowledge of the magic of the scene,
"
yet they
" laughed consumedly," as Scrub says, and actually did so,
because they were talking of him." They laughed at Scrub's gestures
and appearance, and they laughed very heartily at seeing the gay young
ensigns, whom they had been used to dance with, flirting fans, display-
ing great hoops, and with painted cheeks and colored eye-brows, sailing
about in female habiliments. This was a jest palpable and level to
every understanding; and it was not only an excellent good one, but
lasted a long while; for every time they looked at them when restored
to their own habits, they laughed anew at the recollection of their late
masquerade.
The fame of these exhibitions went abroad, and opinions were formed
of them no way favorable to the actors or to the audience. In this re-
gion of reality, where rigid truth was always undisguised, they had not
learned to distinguish between fiction and falsehood. It was said that
the officers familiar with every vice and every disguise, had not only
spent a whole night in telling lies in a counterfeited place, the reality of
which had never existed, but that they were themselves a lie, and had
degraded manhood, and broke through an express prohibition in scrip-
ture, by assuming female habits; that they had not only told lies, but
cursed and swore the whole nisht,and assumed the character of knaves,
fools, and robbers, which every good and wise man held in detestation,
and no one would put on unless they felt themselves easy in them.
Painting their faces, of all other things, seemed most to violate the Al-
banian ideas of decorum, and was looked upon as the most flasrant
abomination. Great and loud was the outcry produced by it. Little
skilled in sophistry, and strangers to all the arts u that make the worse
appear the better reason," the young auditors could only say "that in-
deed it was very amusing; made them laugh heartily, and did harm to
?)
nobody, Q harmless, indeed, and agreeable did this entertainment
 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 117
ippear to the new converts of fashion, that the Recruiting Officer was
jiven out for another night, to the great annoyance of Mr. Frelinghuy-
sen, who invoked heaven and earth to witness and avenge this contempt,
not only of his authority, but, as he expressed it, of the source from
whence it was derived. Such had been the sanctity of this good man's
life,and the laborious diligence and awful earnestness with which he
inculcate the doctrines he taught, that they had produced a corres-
1

pondent effect, for the most part, on the lives of his hearers, and led
them to regard him as the next thing to an evangelist; accustomed to
success in all hisundertakings, and to " honor, love, obedience, troops
of friends," and all thatgratitude and veneration can offer to its most
distinguished object, this rebellion against his authority and contempt
of his opinion, (once the standard by which every one's judgment was
regulated), wounded him very deeply. The abhorrence with which he
inspired the parents of the transgressors, among whom were many
young men of spirit and intelligence, was the occasion of some family
disagreements, a thing formerly scarcely known. Those young people,
accustomed to regard their parents with implicit reverence, were un-
willing to impute to them unqualified harshness, and therefore removed
the blame of a conduct so unusual to their spiritual guide; " and while
he thought, good easy man, full surely his greatness was a ripening,
nipt his root." Early one Monday morning, after the dominie had, on
the preceding day, been peculiarly eloquent on the subject of theatrical
amusements, and pernicious innovations, some unknown person left
within his door a club, a pair of old shoes, a crust of black bread, and
a dollar. The worthy pastor was puzzled to think what this could
mean; but had it too soon explained to him. It was an emblematic
message, to signify the desire entertained of his departure. The stick
was to push him away, the shoes to wear on the road, and the bread
and money a provision for his journey. Too conscious, and too fond of
popularity, the pastor languished under a sense of imaginary degrada-
tion, grew jealous, and thought every one alienated from him, because
a few giddy young people were stimulated by momentary resentments
to express disapprobation in this vague and dubious manner. Thus,
insensibly, do vanity and self-opinion mingle with our highest duties.
Hai the dominie, satisfied with the testimony of a good conscience, gone
on in the exercise of his duty, and been above allowing little personal
resentments to mingle with his zeal for what he thought right, he might
have felt himself far above an insult of this kind; but he found to his
cost, that "a habitation giddy and unsure hath he that buildeth on the
fickle heart" of the unsteady, wavering multitude.
Madame now returned to town with the Colonel; and finding this
general disorder and division of sentiments with regard to the pastor, as
well as to the adoption of new modes, endeavored, with her usual good
sense, to moderate and heal. She was always of opinion that the in-
crease of wealth should be accompanied with a proportionate progress
in refinement and intelligence; but she had a particular dislike to peo-
ple's forsaking a respectable plainness of dre^s and manners for mere
imperfect imitation and inelegant finery. Liberal and judicious in her
views, she did not altogether approve the austerity of the dominie's
opinions, nor the vehemence of his language; and as a Christian, she
still less approved his dejection and concern at the neglect or rudeness
118 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church.
of a few thoughtless young persons. In vain the Colonel and Madame
soothed and cheered him with counsel and kindness; night and day he-
mused on the imagined insult; nor could the joint efforts of the most
respectable inhabitants prevent his heart from being corroded with the
sense of imagined unkindness. At length he took the resolution of
leaving those people so dear to him, to visit his friends in Holland, pro-
mising to return in a short time, whenever his health was restored, and
his spirits more composed A Dutch ship happened about this time to
touch at New York, on board of which the dominie embarked ;
but as
the vessel belonging to Holland was not expected to return, and he did
not, as he had promised, either write or return in an English ship, his
congregation remained for a great while unsupplied, while his silence
gave room for the most anxious and painful conjectures; these were not
soon removed, for the intercourse with Holland was not frequent or
direct. At length, however, the sad reality was but too well ascertained.
This victim of lost popularity had appeared silent and melancholy to
his shipmates, and walked constantly on deck. At length he suddenly
disappeared, leaving it doubtful whether he had fallen overboard by
accident, or was prompted by despair to plunge into eternity. If this
latter was the case, it must have been the consequence of a temporary
fit of insanity; for no man had led a more spotless life, and no man was
more beloved by all that were intimately known to him. He was, in-
deed, before the fatal affront, which made such an undue impression on
him, considered as a blessing to the place and his memory was so be-
;

loved, and his fate so regretted, that this, in addition to some other re-
currences falling out about the same time, entirely turned the tide of
opinion, and rendered the thinking as well as the violent party, more
averse to innovations than ever. Had the Albanians been Catholics,
they would probably have canonized Mr. Frelinghuysen, whom they
considered as a martyr to levity and innovation. He prophesied a great
deal; such prophecy as ardent and comprehensive minds have delivered,
without any other inspiration but that of the sound, strong intellect,
which augurs the future from a 3omparison with the past, and a rational
deduction of probable consequences. The affection that was entertained
for his memory, induced people to listen to the most romantic stories of
his being landed on an island and become a hermit; taken up into a
ship when floating on the sea, into which he had accidentally fallen, and
carried to some remote country, from which he was expected to return,
fraught with experience and faith. I remember some of my earliest re-
veries to have been occupied by the mysterious disappearance of this
hard-fated prstor Mrs. Grant's American Lady, p. 170, d seq.
A rumor, not well authenticated, was common among the people, that
he embarked, on his return, in the same vessel with the person appoint-
ed to supersede him. and when made acquainted with the fact, very soon
disappeared, and was supposed to have thrown himself into the sea.

Rev. Eilardus Westerlo.This divine was born in the province of

Groeninsen, Holland, in 1738, and received a thorough university edu-
cation. It was still a custom with the American churches to send to
Holland for ministers to supply their pulpits and in answer to the re-
;

quisition of the church at Albany for a pastor, Mr. Westerlo, who was
then at the University of Groeningen, was induced to accept the call,
 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 119
He arrived here in 1760, and entered upon the pastoral charge in Octo-
ber of that year, having been previously installed in Holland. He
proved to be a man of great powers of mind, extensive erudition, and
became one of the most eminent ministers of the Dutch church in Ame-
rica. He possessed caution and prudence, and great dignity o/ manners,
yet was affable and courteous to all. His pastoral duties were discharged
with exemplary fidelity over a field unusually extensive. He took a
conspicuous part in severing the church from its dependence upon the
mother country, and its r organization upon the present plan. During
the war of the American revolution, he took strong grounds in the cause
of the people, and at a most critical time, when Burgoyne was advanc-
ing on the city from the north, he animated and inspired the people by
having his church open every day for the purpose of prayer and address.
He died on the 26th of December, 1790, at a time of Hie when age tad
scarcely begun 1o impair his frame, and was buried in the family vault
of Stephen Van Rensselaer, his funeral obsequies being attended by a
large concourse from the city and neighborhood. Amid the arduous
cares of his ministry, he found time to prepare a Hebrew and a Greek
Lexicon, in 2 vols., folio, which remain in manuscript, in the posses-
sion of his son, Rensselaer Westerlo, Esq.
Dominie Bansett. In 1793 Benjamin Lincoln, Timothy Pickering ano
Beverly Randolph passed through Albany on their mission of peace td
the Indians at Niagara. They were accompanied by delegates from the
society of Friends, among whom was William Savery, an eminent mi-
nister, under whose faithful preaching while in England, Elizabeth Fry
was transformed from a gay girl into a steadfast Christian, and a phi-
lanthropist of world-wide renown. The commissoners were received
with great civility here; Dominie Bassett waited upon them, and intro-
ducing himself promised to offer up prayers for the success of their
pious design, and added that a thousand or more people would unite
with him in his supplications. He seemed to the good Quakers to be a
good-natured, tender-spirited man.
dncient Customs. The pyramidal roof and belfry of the old church
are familiar to the present generation, from the print of it; but where
is the remembrancer of its customs? The men sat wilh hats and muffs
during divine service, and in the midst of the dominie's sermon, uprose
the deacons and presented to each hearer a small black bag, containing
a little bell, borne on the end of a staff, somewhat resembling a shrimp
net. In this way the contributions were collected. The tinkle of the
bell roused the sleepy and diverted for the moment the busy thoughts of
the traders from muskrat and beaver skins. The bags, wilh their load
of coppers and half joes being duly replaced, the dominie resumed the
broken thread of his discourse. The Indians are said to have dreaded
the coming of a Sunday before they had closed the sale of their peltry,
for to their apprehension it seemed that the man in black spoke sharply
to the people about the bargains they had been driving, and that the
drift of the sermon might be guessed at by the lower prices offered for
their skins on Monday. The practice of taking collections for the poor
during the sermon was discontinued in 1795.
Antiquities of the Old Stone Church. In demolishing the old church,
care was taken to preserve only a small portion of the armorial bearings
120 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church.
on the stained glass windows. The late Killian Van Rensselaer, writing
to Charles R. Webster, from Washington, in March, 1806. says: " I had
no idea the old church would have been so soon demolished. I would
have given a great deal to have been in Albany when the windows were
attacked, for I would certainly have given $100 for the old family coat
of arms. I had directions from Mr. Oliver Wendell in Boston, to obtain
the glass containing his family arms at any price, and in case of his
death to deposit it in the Cambridge Museum. Pray make some inqui-
ries about the remnant saved, and if possible save it for me. as well as
the Van Rensselaer arms. You will find the name at the foot of the
glass on which the heraldry appears." One of the old church windows
is preserved, a small one, in a shattered condition; also the pulpit and
the weathercock, and a bag and pole, with which it was customary to
take the contributions, which was done in this wise. The minister
paused in the midst of his sermon, when the deacons arose, and taking
up these implements, brought them to a perpendicular position against
their shoulders. An address was then pronounced from the pulpit upon
the collection about to be taken in aid of the poor members of the church,
and the ceremony was then accompanied by the singing of the choir.
This was designed to give solemnity to the rite. The form of the re-
ceptacle concealed the amount of the gift, so that the munificent were
not incited by ostentation, nor the needy to deposit their scanty pittance
with diffidence. The collection so taken, however, was not unfrequently
plentifully mixed with a variety of coin unrecognized by the statute,
consisting of any substance that fell into the bag with a chinking sound.
The deacons, to rid themselves of this class of contributors, procured a
number of shining, open plates, for the purpose ; but their chagrin may
be imagined, when, on presenting themselves thus equipped before the
audience, they found some of the honest burghers expressing their in-
dignation at the innovation, by turning their backs upon them. A little
war, wordy but bloodless, ensued the plates, however, carried the day,
;

and still maintain their place; and the gleanings eleemosynary are sel-
dom mingled with base coin. .... The stone
step which was placed at the entrance to
the porch on the south side, still retains
its original position, in the street, and points
out the precise spot of the vestibule to the
ancient sanctuary, and is the indentical
stone which was impressed by the foot-
steps of several generations, in passing to
their devotions. It may be discerned when
the streets are in a tolerable state of clean-
liness, on the left of the cross-walk that leads from Douw's Building
to the Exchange When the church in State street was about to be
removed, the trustees of the church at the Boght, where Mr. Bassett
then officiated, applied for the old pulpit; but it having been resolved
to preserve that relic in the church, they next applied for the pew doors
and hinsest, which were granted to them In July. 1802, Mr. William
Groesbeeck, who had been clerk of the church for a great number of
years, died, and the desk he had occupied was hung in mourning.
He
was succeeded by his sons, Cornelius and David, who were the last of
the voorzingers.
 Reformed Protestant Dutch Church. 121

Burial Customs and Ceremonies. The burial ground for a great num-
ber of years was the present site of ihe Middle Dutch Church, where
the bodies are said to have been found lying in some places three or
four tiers deep. The dead were removed from under the church in
State street to this ground, after it had been selected for a place of
burial. When the church was built, the grave stones were laid down
upon the graves, and covered over to the depth of three feet, and we
are told that it was customary, when the ground was wholly occupied,
to add a layer of earth upon the surface, and commence burying over
the top of the last tier of coffins. There is now in the possession of
Mr. Harmanus Bleecker, a book of burials in this church yard, embrac-
ing about 35 years. When the basement of the house occupied by Mr.
E. H. Pease was excavated, the boxes were discovered in which the
bodies of the revolutionary soldiers, killed or deceased during that war,
were buried. These relics have been frequently disturbed by the im-
provements constantly going on. After the lot was abandoned as a
place of burial, the new church yard was located south of the Capitol
Park in the vicinity of State street. The graves were many feet above
the surface of the lots, as they now are, vast excavations having been
made in that part of the city The Indian commissioners previously
spoken of, are said to have witnessed a burial, and been surprised at the
ways of the people. No women attended the body to the grave, as they
had been accustomed to see but after the corpse was borne out, they
;

remained to eat cakes, and drink spiced wine. They retired quietly
before the men returned, who resumed the feast and regaled themselves.
Spiced wine, and cakes, and pipes were provided, and wine was sent
to the friends of the family. The best room in the house was specially
" the dead
appropriated as room," and was rarely opened but to be
aired and cleaned.

Sale of the Padure. In 1791 the consistory directed 'the ground

commonly distinguished as the church pasture," to be laid out into lots.
"
They lay on the west side of Court street, leading from the ferry to the
town." At this time a gate swung across the way a little above Ly-
dius street, and a common road from thence to the ferry lay along the
bank of the river through the pasture. Although the names of some of
the streets in that region have been changed within a few years, several
of them still bear the names of the ministers. The area which ihey in-
tersect was once the propeily of the church, and when sold produced
less than a hundred dollars a lot. These have since been filled in to a
considerable extent and rendered valuable. There were comparatively
but few lots built upon south of Lydius street, between Pearl and Broad-
way, so late as twenty years ago, though now teeming with a dense
population.
The parsonage, or as it is termed in the charter, the minister's house,
which belonged to the congregation, and was occupied by Mr. Westerlo
during the last six years of his life, was the building more recently
known as the Bleecker House, and was taken down three or four
years since, to make room for Bleecker Hall. The first preaching in
English was by Mr. Livingston, about 1776; in 1782 Mr. Westerlo began
to preach in English, and Mr. Bassett, his colleague, was the first set-
tled English pastor.
11
122 Evangelical Lutheran Ebenezer Church.

EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN EBENEZER CHURCH.

The edifice occupied by this congre-
galion as a place of worship, is plea-
santly located on the corner of Pine and
Lodge streets. It is constructed of
stone, and is said lo be a very creditable
specimen of architecture, though of ra-
ther moderate size. The corner stone
was laid on Thursday, Sept. 16, 1816,
by the Rev. Mr. Mayer, the pastor, as-
sisted by Philip Hooker, Ihe archilect.
Its dimensions are 40 by 60 feet, and the
expense of its erection was about $25,-
000. In 1848 it was repaired, and its
interior thoroughly renovated, at an ex-
pense of upwards of $4.000.
We have not been able to ascerlain
the precise dale of Ihe firsl eslablish-
menl of a Lulheran church in Albany.
The
early immigrants, coming from
Holland, were principally Calvinists,
with strong predilections for the princi-
ples propounded by the Synod of Dort,
and embodied under the name of the
JReformed ProtestanlDulch Church; yet,
although the predominating sect, they
seem to have found many difficulties in
the way of supporting their church, which was oflen without a pastor.
Before 1630, however, the Lutherans had a church here, in spite of the
opposition they met with; for they seem to have been Ihe first sect which
the dominant party thought necessary to restrain in their mode of wor-
ship.* Application had been made al an early date, to the directors in
Holland, to allow professors of this creed liberty to elecl a pastor, and
perform the free exercise of their religion in New Netherland. But
"
these privileges were refused, and orders were sent over to employ all
moderate exertions lo lure Ihem lo our churches, and to matriculate
them in the public reformed religion."! Moderation is of Jitlle avail,
where conscience interposes scruples. Fathers were compelled, con-
trary lo Iheir principles, to assist at the baptism of their children in the
Dutch church, and as well as the sponsors, lo declare their belief in the
doctrines promulgated by the Synod of Dort. Many who objected to
this were imprisoned. In a letler dated March 10, 1656.$ De Decker
alludes to a certain placard drawn up and published by the authorities
at Beverwyck, " against the congregation of some Lulherans, w hich r

has also been executed against ihe contraveners and disobedient." The
Lulherans also senl over complainls, which led to the censure of Stuy-
vesant, and the aggrieved were permitted to worship in their own houset.
This, however, was not enough: they demanded freedom from interrup-
*
O'Callaghan'a History of New IS'etberland, p. 219-20, vol. 2.
J Albany Records, IV., 130. J Fort Orange Record*.
 Evangelical Lutheran Ebcnezer Church. 123
tion in theirworship. The director general avowed his determination to
enforce the law against schismatical worship. The Lutherans appealed
"
to him. Oct. 24th, 1656, as follows: We, the united brethren of the
Augsburg Confession here in New Netherland, show with all due reve-
rence how that we have been obedient unto your honor's prohibitions
and published placards, unwilling to collect together in any place to
worship our God with reading and singing, although we solicited our
friends in our fatherland to obtain this privilege; who as our solicitors
exerted themselves in our behalf by the noble directors of the West
India Company, our patrons; when after their letters to us, containing
their entreaties, they obtained that they resolved unanimously and con-
cluded that the doctrine of the unaltered Augsburg Confession might be
tolerated in the West Indies and New Netherland, being under their di-
rection, as is the practice in our fatherland under its excellent govern-
men! wherefore we address ourselves lo your honor, willing to acknow-
;

ledge your honor, as dutiful and obedient servants, with prayer that you
will not any longer interrupt our religions exercises, which we. under
God's blessing, are wishing to make, with reading and singing, till as
we hope and expect, under God's aid. next spring, a qualified person
shall arrive from our fatherland to instruct us, and take care of our
souls." Accordingly, in July of the following year, the Rev. Johannes
Ernestus Goetvvater, a Lutheran minister, arrived with a commission
from the consistory at Amsterdam, authorizing him to act as pastor to
the Lutheran congregation at the Manhattans. The Dutch ministers,
Megapolensis and Drisius. took active measures to procure his instant
expulsion, demanding that he should be sent back to Holland in the
same ship in which he arrived. Sickness alone prevented the immedi-
ate execution of the harsh and unchristian mandate, and he was put on
the limits of the city for the time being, and finally forced to embark for
Holland.* The department at Amsterdam, although desirous of sooth-
ing the feelings of the Lutherans, could do little to relieve their griev-
ances, and in the hope of winning them over, ordered some alterations
to be made in the formula of baptism, as then practiced in the American
orthodox church, to make it less objectionable.
The British dynasty brought with it full permission to the Lu-
therins to follow their mode of worship. On the 13th of October. 1669,
Gov. Lovelace publicly announced that he had " lately received letters
from the duke, wherein it is particularly signified unto me, that his royal
highness doth approve of the toleration given to the Lutheran church in
these parts. I do therefore expect that you live friendly and peaceably
with those of that profession, giving them no disturbance in the exercise
of their religion, as they shall receive no countenance in, but on the
contrary strictly answer any disturbance they shall presume to give unto
any of you in your divine worship." It is supposed to have been about
this time that the Lutherans erected a church and parsonage in Albany,
where the Centre Market now stands. Capt. Abram Slaets (or Staas f)
obtained a patent of that lot on the 25th of October, 1653, which he sold
to the officers of the Lutheran congregation on the 28th of March, 1680.
The original deed, having the above date, which we have examined
*
O'Callaghan's History of New Netherland, ii., 315, 346.
t He
arrived 16J2, in the same ship wiih Dora. Megapolensis, and is beliered to be this
mnceator of those who take the name of SlaaU.
 124 Evangelical Lutheran Ebenezer Church.
with a great deal of interest, is in good ancient Dutch, and was made By
Robert Livingston, " Secretary van Albany, Colonie Rensselaerswyck
cnde Schaenheehtady." It recites that Major Abram Staas, in the pre-
sence of Andries Teller and Cornelis Van Dyck, commissaries, conveyed
the premises to Albert Bratt, Myndert Frederikse (Jl) Anthony Lispenard
,

and Carsten Frederikse, elders and deacons of the Lutheran congrega-

tion. The lot was described as being bounded on the east by the public
highway, 12 rods 11 feet; on the south by the first kill and the common
road, 21 rods 1 foot; on the west by the little kill, (cleyn killitie,) 6 rods
4 feet; and on the north by the old road, belonging to Mr. Pretty, Jacob
Sanders, Johannes Wendell, Myndert Harmense, and Hendrick Cuyler,
23 rods 5 feet. Ryland* measure. It also states that the Jot was already
occupied by a Lutheran church, and a house in which the dominie lived.
The consideration money is not stated, but it is distinctly set forth that
the first and last penny were paid, which certainly puts a very creditable
finish to the aspect of the transaction.
It will be seen by reference to the ancient map of the city, on another
page, bearing date 1695, that the same spot is marked by a Lutheran
church and burying ground, fronting on South Pearl street, and extend-
ing from Howard to Beaver street; or rather to the palisades, which
formed the southern boundary of the city at that point.
We have not been able to learn anything further of the history of this
church, during the lapse of nearly a century; in the meantime a Ger-
man Reformed congregation seems to have erected a house of worship
on Arbor Hill (C). Although the Lutherans still had possession of
their lot in Pearl street, yet it is recollected by some of the elder citizens,
that about the close of the revolution they had no church, but held their
meetings for worship in a private house on the corner of Howard and
Pearl street, a front room in which was fitted up with seats sufficient to
accommodate the few members belonging to the congregation at that
time We
believe there are no records extant to account for these
things, or giving any information as to the origin or organization of the
church. It is found, however, to have been regularly incorporated Au-
gust 26, 1784, and on the 7th of September following, Rev. Henry Moel-
ler was called. The trustees were J. P. Hildebrand, Charles Newman
and Christian Ehring. The condition of the church at this time may
be gathered from a letter written by Mr. Moeller in 1818, in which he
ays: ''I wish, brethren, you would call to remembrance the condition
of your congregation in 1784 and 1785, when you had no church, and I
was your pastor. I traveled in company with an elder, the now de-
ceased Mr. Ehring, to New York, Philadelphia, Scheneciady, and adja.
cent country, and collected, together with the generous donations of the
citizens of Albany, and with what the cheerfulness of the poor congre*
gation could afford, the sum of 640, which was esteemed a large eoli
lection of money at that time. The honest Mr. John Geyer, now de-
ceased, was treasurer, and the building was paid for soon after it was
finished. The congregation had engaged to pay me 100 salary, leaving
to me one third of the lime free to attend the Low Dutch congregation
at Loonenburgh, But finding that the congregation proved unable to
pay me more than 50, besides furnishing me with fire-wood, I remitted
is the orthogranhy in most of the ancient records.
'This A Rynland or Leyden foot
isequal to 12 3-3 inches English measure, aqd a Dutch or Amsterdam loot, about ou
inch less than the Rynland..
 125
Evangelical Lutheran Ebenezer Church.
the rest, and employed myself in vacant congregations, some of them
laid in perfect wilderness, til! I found my arduous task would waste my
Strength before the ordinary time of age, I took a call to Pennsylvania.
After twelve years you did me the honor to present me a second call.
I found th? charge easier than before, but my travels to Hel 'erberg and
Beaverdam, which congregations were necessary to make up a neces-
sary living, proved injurious to my health, to which was added the
heavy expense of keeping a horse and chaise, and the increase of prices
for fire-wood and other necessaries. I left you the second time, and am
now comfortably settled for the short rest of my life."
The records of the church to which we have had access, extend no
farther back than the 2Sth of May, 1786, when the communion was ad-
ministered. The congregation then appears to have had no settled pas-
tor. In the following year the trustees publicly expressed their acknow-
ledgements for the receipt of donations, to the amount of 552 12s. 2d.- t

more than 214 of which, they say, was obtained in Albany and its
vicinity. The total cost of their building was 640 ($1600). About
ten years later a complaint was made of hindrances, and that their
church was still unfinished.
From the time Mr. Moeller left, in 1785, to 1794, the church was
supplied with the word and ordinances by neighboring ministers. Among
these were the Rev. Messrs. Schwertfeger^ Groelz, and Johann Fre-
derick Ernst, pastor of Loonenbursh (Athens) and Claverack. In
June, 1794, Rev. Anthon Theodore Braun became their pastor, and re-
mained till 1800. In 1S01 the Rev. Heinrich Moeller again took charge
of the congregation, and remained till 1806. In 1807 the Rev. Frede-
rich George Mayer was settled as pastor, and remained until he was
removed by death in December, 1843. In July of that year, the Rev.
Henry Newman Pohlman, the present efficient pastor, accepted a call
from the congregation, and was installed on the 24th of September.
Under his ministry the church is gradually increasing in numbers, and
there are at present about one hundred members in communion. The
services of the church were in German until 1808, when at a meeting of
the trustees, elders and deacons, held May 16th at the house of Martin
Hebeysen, it was resolved that the sermons, after Whitsunday, should be
delivered in English, except one sermon in the forenoon of the last
Sunday in each month.
At the close of the last century, an effort was made to procure the
location of a Lutheran seminary in Albany. The Rev. John Christo-
pher Hartwick died in 1796, possessed of a large estate, which he left
by will for the endowment of an institution for training up young minis-
ters of the gospel, and misionaries to be sent among the Indians, accord-
ing to the Augustan Confession and the tenets of the Evangelical Lu-
theran church. The executors named in his will were Jeremiah Van
Rensselaer of Albany, and Frederick A. Muhlenberg of Philadelphia,
formerly a Lutheran minister of New York, but at this time speaker of
the house of representatives in congress. His scheme contemplated the
erection of a town on his tract in Otsego county, to be called New
Jerusalem, where the theological school should be established, in which
" no
heathenish author should be read, until when, by divine providence,
the revenues should increase, classical learning might be added." The
administrators, on looking into the affairs of the testator, found that a
large part of the landed estate, about 13,000 acres, including the intended
126 Evangelical Lutheran Ebenezer Church.
site New Jerusalem, was claimed by Judge Cooper, who profess-
of the
ed to have purchased it of Mr. Harlwick at $2 per acre, payable at a
distant time. Mr. Hartwick had desired to be buried in the Lutheran
church of Albany, and his wishes were complied with. A marble tablet
bearing his inscription (B) is placed in the floor of the church, in front of
the pulpit. It being uncertain that much of anything remained to found
the contemplated school, the trustees of the church at Albany desired to
have the institution connected with their church, promising to raise $3,-
000 towards the erection of a suitable building. In fact, they claimed
the estate, and deprecated the idea of erecting a college in the wilder-
"
ness, as a monument like the pillar of Absalom." They say that the
Oneida Indians were provided with a Presbyterian minister forty years
" other
before, that nations have the same, and now the Indians have
sold all their land, which will be inhabited by Christians, so that the
whim of a college and a New Jerusalem, may fall away, and it may be
better to support with it the congregation of Albany, which, from the time
of Gov. Van Tromp, has always been oppressed. We, Lutherans of
Albany, are the next heirs of Mr. Hartwick. . His own writings will
. .

show with what affection we took care of him." At another time,

writing to the curators of the estate, the trustees, who at this time were
J. Conrad Ruby, Martin
Hebeysen and Daniel Pohlman, still complain
of the neglect shown to their interests by those having charge of the
legacy "mournfully observing that our poor Ebenezer is entirely for-
gotten, notwithstanding we appointed in our stead two worthy friends
and gentlemen, the most Rev. l)r. Kunze and Mr. Jeremiah Van Rens-
selaer. our advocates for our distressed Ebenezer. Yet in their twelve
resolves, nothing appeared for such a poor flock of Lutheran Christians
to support their pious business. We collect about 18 per annum from
the members of our church, and no more. Our church is not finished
and more like to decay. But we are forgotten, though we know that
Hartwick loved us, for he would be with us, even when dead. It is now
in your power to support that poor church out of an estate freely grant-
ed by the owner." The solicitations of the trustees seem to have been
crowned with partial success; for on the 17th of October, 1801, articles
of agreement, drawn by Peter E. Elmendorf, were entered into between
them and the trustees of the estate, by which all the estate was to be
deposited with the trustees of the church, within two years, for the pur-
poses of the seminary, subject to the order of the curators, John C.
Kunze and Jeremiah Van Rensselaer. The foundation of an edifice
was laid in Park street; but the arrangement seems to have given so
much dissatisfaction among the Lutheran churches, as to lead to its
abandonment. Accordingly at a meeting of the trustees on the 14th
April, 1808, they resolved that since it was found impossible to execute
the trust committed to them, they would redeliver the property into the
hands of the surviving executor, Jeremiah Van Rensselaer; and two
years after the materials used for the foundation were ordered to be
sold. The seminary was finally located at Hartwick, in Otsego county,
and is now in successful operation, under a special charter, obtained of
the legislature in 1816. (See Session Laws, e. 166.)
In 1816, the city corporation purchased the lot on South Pearl street,
which had been in possession of the congregation almost a century and
a half, and paid for it $32,000. The boundaries were a little differently
described at this day, as follows: " on the east by South Pearl, late
 Evangelical Lutheran Ebenezer Church. 127

Washington street; on the south by the Rulten kill; on the west by a

small run of water called Fort Killitie; and on the north by Howard,
late Lutheran street." There was at the lime a small market on How-
ard street, above the church, called Fly market. The common council
presented to the congregation the lot which they now occupy on Pine
street, on condition of the removal of their dead from the old burying
ground on Pearl street. The expense of excavating the lot was $5,000.
They have since built a consistory and parsonage on the premises, the
former having been consecrated on the 10th of July, 1836; the state hay-
ing previously, 1832, purchased the westerly and unoccupied part of their
lot, for $45,000, upon which the State Hall was erected. With this
money the trustees excavated and built upon the property fronting on
State, Park and Lancaster streets, which was occupied by them as a
cemetery unlil the common council granted them their present cemetery
lot by deed dated Nov. 1, 1803. These old cemetry grounds have been
excavated to a great depth to make proper grades for streets and build-
ing lots the cemetries of all the churches having been removed from
thence to their present location west of Knox street, on the south side
of State, at about the same time.

(A) Att a Court of Mayor and Aldermen held for ye Citty of Albany,
y 17th day of August, 16S6. Present Peter Schuyler, Jan Jans Bleeker,
Johannes Wandel, Dirck Wessells, Adrian Gerritse, Levinus Van Schaik.
e
Hercules, y e negro of Myndert Frederikse being brought before y
Court by warrant of y e May r to answer y e fellonious taking out of his
master's house a small chest wherein some bags of wampum was con-
tained, belonging to y Poor of y Lutheran Church, and being examined
e e

doth confess y 3 fact y l upon Thursday night last he came to his master's
house, and finding y window of ye chamber open, went in and stole
e

awayye small chest wherein y e money of y poor of y e Lutheran Church

was kept, and broke ye chest open without y e gate, at y e water side
with an axe Ordered, y* ye s d Negroe be committed and secured in
y e Common Goale till y e next Court of Sessions, when he is to be brought
to his tryall. Jllbany Records, in., 4.

(B) The following is the inscription on the tomb stone alluded to:

Hier ruhet
Johann C. Hartwick
Prediger der Evangelisch
Lutherischen Kirche
Gebohren in Sax-Gotha
den 6 Januer 3714
Gestorben
den 16 Julius 1796
Seines alters
82 Jahre 6 Monat
Das kurzoesteckte zielder tage,
1st siebenzig. ist aghlzig jahr,
Ein unnbegrif von mueh und plage,
Auch wennsnoch so kostlich war.
Gefliigelt eilt mit uns die zeit,
In eine lange ewigkeit.
128 Evangelical Lutheran Ebenezer Church.
(C) The followers of Zwinglius. who differed from the Lutherans
in some matters relating to the sacrament,* took the name of German
Reformed. In the Albany Gazette, printed by the Robertsons in 1772,
was published an advertisement of a lottery to be drawn in March of
that year, for the benefit of the German Reformed Church, which is
the first we hear of them in this place. Lotteries were not an unusual
means of raising money even for churches at that day. The spot
pointed out as the location of this edifice, is between Orange and Patroon
streets, west of Ten Broeck street, where its foundation had an altitude
considerably above the present grade of the latter street, overlooking a
deep ravine on the south. The~object to be attained by the selection of
so retired a location, is somewhat difficult to conceive, unless it was to
<;
set it upon a hill that it should not be hid," for it was far out of town
at that day. An idea of its remoteness may be had from the circum-
stance of some one having opened a tavern so far from any landmark,
that he described it as "situated on the pleasant road to the German
church.'' A cross-road ran diagonally up the hill from what is now
Orange street to Patroon street, both of which were then common
roads, and the church stood a little west of the cross-road, with a bury-
ing ground in front. It was a wooden edifice, about fifty feet square,
with a tower at the north entrance, furnished with a bell. It was pro-
vided with an organ, the first one known to have been used in a church
in Albany. The only notice we can find respecting it in the public
" for the relief of Paul Koch-
archives, is an act passed March 27, 1794,
strasser and others," as follows: "Whereas it hath been represented
that Paul Hochstrasser, John Abbet and John Tillrnan, having expended
large sums of money in erecting a building for the Reformed German
congregation in the city of Albany with sundry appurtenances, which
sums were never reimbursed by the said congregation through the means
of their inability. And whereas also it has been further represented,
that the said congregation is dispersed, and the building become useless :

Be it enacted by the people of the state of New York represented in

Senate and Assembly, That Abraham Hun, Teunis Ts. Van Vechten
and John C. Cuyler, be, and hereby are appointed trustees, for the pur-
pose of selling the aforesaid building, with the appurtenances, exclusive
of the right of soil and out of the moneys therefrom arising, to settle
;

with all snch persons who may have any demands against the same ;

and should the moneys therefrom arising not be competent to satisfy the
said claims, they shall be and hereby are authorized to pay each claim-
ant a just proportion of the moneys arising from the said premises, ac-
cording to his, her, or their respective demands." The church appears
to have been sold
accordingly, and afterwards occupied by the Seceders.
It was
subsequently taken down, and the frame work is still standing
near Lydius street, about two miles out. On the 14th of April, 1803,
Paul Hochstrasser and John Ram applied to the consistory of the Re-
formed Protestant Dutch Church for permission to bury their deceased
relatives in the ground belonging to that church, alleging that the
grave yard of the German Reformed Church had become almost a public
common; that the former wished to take up the remains of his mother,
and the latter those of his children, and deposit them elsewhere. When
*
Serious disturbances have recently arisen in Prussia, in consequence of an edict of
the king,
directing the union of these two churches in one.
 German Evangelical Lutheran Church. 129
the pier built, the lot upon which this church stood was excavated,
was
and the earth used to fill in that work. The bones of the dead buried
there were placed in boxes, and left by the road side in a ravine, till
some one having occasion to use the boxes, the bones were turned out
upon the ground, and afterwards plowed under. It is believed that there
isone member of this church still living, who now attends the Lutheran
church.

GERMAN EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH.

Thebuilding occupied by this congregation is situated in State street,
above Swan, It was orisinally built for the use of a Methodist congre-
gation, and purchased of them in 1842, for eighteen hundred dollars.
It will have been seen in our account of the Lutheran Ebenezer
Church, that the use of the German language in the services of the
sanctuary, virtually ceased in 1808. But the large number of immi-
grants from Germany rendered it necessary for the pastor of that church
to resume its use in 1834. Accordingly from that time a service in that
language was held in the evening of the Lord's day, and occasionally
during the week. After the erection of the Lecture Room of the Ebe-
nezer Church, on the corner of Lodge and Steuben streets, in 1836, the
Germans were regularly supplied with the word and ordinances in their
mother tongue, by the Rev. William Moellman, from Hanover, in Ger-
many. And when he accepted a call fron Cincinnati, and removed to
that city, the services were continued with more or less regularity by
the Rev. F. G. Mayer, the pastor of Ebenezer.
In 1841, in consequence of the rapid increase of the German popula-
tion, and the inconvenience of holding service in two languages, it was
deemed expedient to organize a separate congregation, which was done
on the 8th of August in that year. Early in 1842, by the effective aid
of the mother church, and the kind liberality of the citizens of Albany,
they succeeded in purchasing the church above mentioned, which was
set apart for the worship of God in the German language, with appro-
priate solemnities, on the 10th of May. The first pastor of this church
was the Rev. George Saul, who remained with them a year and seven
months, and then removed to Canajoharie. He was succeeded by the
Rev. Edward Meyer, in October, 1842, who, after a ministry of four and
a half years, resigned his charge, and removed on the first of May, 1847,
to Lockport, Niagara county. While he was their pastor, the congre.
gation, at the cost of $500, purchased a lot for n. burial ground on the
north side of the Schenectaday turnpike in Washington street, which
was consecrated with appropriate solemnities, on the 26th of November.
1846.
On the 26th of September, 1847, the Rev. Frederick William Schmidt,
the present efficient pastor, was installed, aod entered upon the discharge
of his ministerial duties. Under his ministry the church is increasing
in members and usefulness. The debts of the congregation are nearly
discharged, a balance of three hundred dollars only remaining; and the
hope is fondly entertained that a German Evangelical Lutheran Church,
gp necessary for the spiritual well being of this important part of our
population in this city, is firmly established on a sure and solid basis,
130 First Presbyterian Church.

FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

The Presbyterkin Church in Albany, was formed at the conclusion
of the French war, in the year 1763. In October of that year the cor-
poration of the city executed a deed in trust for the congregation, to
John Macomb, Daniel Edgar, Samuel Holladay, Robert Henry, Abra-
ham Lyle and John Munro, for the ground on which the first building
for public worship was erected by the church. This lot was bounded
on the north by Beaver street, on the east by William street, on the south
by Hudson street, and on the west by Grand street, including, it is sup.
posed, all the ground now comprised within these boundaries. The
house erected on this spot was of wood, of considerable size, with a tall
steeple, and fronted to the east. It was occupied by the church till A.
D. 1796. From the date of the formation of the church, A. D. 1763, till
the commencement of the war of the revolution, the church had two
pastors, viz.: Rev. William Hanna, who remained with them two years,
and was succeeded by the Rev. Andrew Bay, who continued in the pas-
toral charge for five years. The only elders known to have been or-
dained in the church during this time, were Robert R. Henry and Mat-
thew Watson. There are to be found, however, during this period, no
sessional records, nor any records of communicants, baptisms, marriages
or deaths. On the 12th of July, 1785. a unanimous call was given to
the Rev. John McDonald, who was ordained and installed pastor of the
church on the 8th of November of the same year, and continued in that
office till A. D. 1795. On the first of January, 1786, the church, which
had been scattered, and without stated services during the war, was re-
organized, and four elders and two deacons were ordained. The first
communion after the new organization was held on the third sabbath
of April, 1787, when 116 members were admitted. In the spring of 1794,
proposals were issued for building a brick church, the materials for
which were already procured, as well as the lot, extending on Washing-
ton (Pearl) street, from Beaver street to Store lane (Norton street.) The
building was completed in 1796 in an elegant style for the day, being
altogether the best church edifice in the city, and was opened on the 20th
of November of that year. Its dimensions were 64 by 76 feet. In 1831
an addition of 16 feet was made to it on the north end, and the interior
remodeled, so as to place it in advance of the other churches again for
internal elegance. On the 3d of October, 1798, Eliphalet Nott was in-
stalled pastor of the church, where he continued to preach until he was
removed to the presidency of Union College, which office he has ever
since filled. During the past season a new edifice has been erected for
the use of the congregation, on the corner of Hudson and Philip streets.
The following is a list of the ministers, elders, and deacons of the church,
since its first organization.
MINISTERS.
1763 Rev. William Hanna continued 1795 Rev. David S. Bogart a licen-
till 1765. j
tiate from the Dutch classis, New
Rev. Andrew Bay continued York, supplied the pulpit for
five years. I
about two years.
1785 Rev. J. McDonald continued 1798 Rev. Eliphalet Nott continued
till 1795. I
till September, 1804,
 First Presbyterian Church. 131
1804 Rev. John B. Romeyn con- 1817 Rev. Arthur Jos. Stansbury
tinued till October, 1808. continued till June, 1821.
1809 Rev. William Neill continued 1822 Rev. Henry R. Weed con-
till August, 1816. tinned till November, 1829.
1830 Rev. John N. Campbell.

TRUSTEES.
With the places of their nativity as far as ascertained.

1785 Robt. Henry; Matthew Wat- Eleazer F. Backus, New Haven ;

son Theodorus Van Wyck Gra-

;
John Boardman, Weather sfieldj
ham Danl Mclntire, Scotland;
; Hugh Boyd, Lansingburgh.
James Boyd, Scotland John Ro- ;
1809 John Woodworth, Schodack.
bison, Scotland; John W. Wen- 1810 Charles Z. Platt.
dell, Boston Robt. McClelland
; ;
1811 Wm. Boyd, Scotland.
Hunloke Woodruff, Elizabeth- 1813 Peter Boyd, Albany.
town, N. Y. 1816
Isaiah Townsend, Orange co ;

1787 James Bloodgood Jas Cald- ;

John Marvin, Lyme.
well, Ireland; Abraham Eights, 1820 Wm. James, Ireland Elisha ;

New York. Dorr, Lyme.

1789 Richard Sill; Alex. Chesnut. 1821 Isaac Hamilton jWm.McHarg,
1790 Charles R. Webster, Hartford Albany.
1791 Enoch Leonard. 1823 Willard Walker, S. Brookneld.
1792 John V. Henry, Albany. 1824 Wm. Fowler; James King.
1796 Elisha Kane, Dutchess county ;
1832 Rufus H. King, Ridgefield, Ct.
Wm. McClelland. 1833 Robert Gilchrist.
1797 Francis Bloodgood; Geo Pear- 1835 Jatnes McNaughton, Scotland.
son. 1836 Levi Philips, Mass.
1799 James Barkley; John Grant, 1838 Andrew E. Brown, Albany.
Scotland. 1840 John Gibson, Albany.
1801 Peter Sharp; John Cuyler. 1841 Alden March, Mass.; Benj.
1802 Gilbert Stewart. Tibbitts.
1803 Wm. P. Beers, N. E.; Wm 1845 Isaiah Townsend, Albany ;

Caldwell, Albany ;
James Kane, Wm. White. Albany; Wm. Mitch-
Dutchess co. ell, Albany.'
1804 Andrew Brown. 1846 Danl Fry, Albany.
1805 Isaac Hutton. 1847 Robert Boyd, Albany; John
1806 Tho. Mather, Lyme George D. Hewson, Albany.
;

Webster, Hartford. 1848 Anthony M. Strong, Albany;

1807 Robert R. Henry, Albany Wm. C. Durant. ;

There are now four Presbyterian churches in the city. It is proposed

to give an account of the others in future, if the necessary facts can be
procured.
DEACONS.
1786 James Boyd, John Folsom. 1820 Stephen J. Rider, Green Hall.
1794 Peter McHench, James Chest- 1823 Abraham Covert.
ney. 1832 Walter R. Morris.
1805 James Hodge, Andrew Hoff- 1836 Amos Fassett.
man. 1837 Elihu Russell, William G.
1812 Chester Bulkley. Brown.
132 United Presbyterian Church.

1786 Matthew Watson, Robert R. 1819 John Woodworth, Theodorus

Henry, Daniel Mclntyre, Peter Van Wyck Graham, Timothy
Sim, John Boyd. Fassett.
1787 Joseph New-land, John Fol- 1820 Peter McHench. Peter Boyd.
som. 1823 Green Hall, Stephen J. Rider,
1790 Donald McLeod, Abraham Jo&iah Sherman.
Eights, Hunloke Woodruff. 183J Israel Williams.
1794 James Boyd, Isaac Hutton. 1837 Amos Fassett, Elias Warner.
1805 Elias Willard, Gilbert Stew- 1842 Elihu Russell, Daniel Fry,
art, John Boardman. Frederick S. Pease. Thomas Me-
1812 Ananias Platt, Nehemiah B. Mullen.
Bassett.
Reminiscences. At the ordination of Mr. McDonald in 1785, the society gave a public
dinner to the three ministers who ordained him, probably to give eclat to (he event. The
trustees appropriated the seat on the right hand of the main door to the nse of the cor-
poration, and the opposite one to the governor; the pew on the right hand of the pulpit to
the minister, and that on the left hand to the elders and deacons. The clerk was allowed
3s. for publishing marriages, and 6rf. for every person christened. Three pounds ($7.-
50,) was the price fixed for burying an adult under the church, and 3<>*. for a person un-
der 14 years of age. It was ordained that "children must behave well?" ami courtesy
was enjoined towards strangers. It was the sexton's duty to warn persons to attend
funerals, and to walk before the corpse, for which he was allowed a fee of 12s. On the
4lh of January, 1790, it was resolved "that 1,000 coppers be stamped church penny, and
placed in the hands of ibe treasurer, for the purpose of exchanging with the congregation
at tho rate of twelve for one shilling, in order to add respect to the weekly collections."
The Presbyterian burying ground was on Hudson street, above Pearl, and that as well
as the church, is spoken of at being on the hill, while the region below is called the plains.
On the 17th of May, i792, Stephen Lush hud Leonard Gansevoort, Jun.. conveyed to
the trustees of the Presbyterian church, " the lot on the plains," in consideration of
110 ($275). The title seems to have been considered doubtful. The corporation lease
and release is drawn in consideration of 5a. The lot is thus described in the first men-
tioned lease: " a'urttintr to the north to the creek or kill called the Fuyck's kill; to the
south on the common highway, to the west the hills-, and lothe east Anthony De Hoage's."
The lot was used for a stave yard, through which the kill passed, and still passes, about
midway under the church, being arched over as a drain. The entrance into Washington
street, as it was then called, from State street, was through a gate, which was taken away
some years later, when the street was opened to its present width. On the 15th of July,
1793, the trustees decided that the salary of the precentor Mr. Me Parian, w is inade-

quate, and V)tcd him j8 (S-0) per annum. On the day the church was opened for
public service, the Kev. Dr. Smith, president of Union College, preached two sermons.
A call had been given to the Rev. David S. Uogert, of the city of New York, to become
the pastor of the church, with a salary of 81,000 per annum. At a subsequent day, in
order to prevent the passing of vehicles during service, the trustees procured the passage
of a law which allowed two chains to be stretched across the street, at each end of the
church, which effectually barricaded it to all but foot passengers. The chains wer re-
moved about twenty years ago.

UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

Mr. McDonald, who was deposed in 1795, by the Presbytery of Al-
bany, removed to Canada. At a meeting of the Presbytery of Montreal,
restored to the exercise of the ministry, and in
Sept. 15, 1800, he was
the following year laid the foundation of an edifice on the corner of
Chapel and Canal (then Fox) streets, and organized a church, under
the name of the United Presbyterian Church. It is now known by
another title The materials for its history were not fully obtained in
.

season for this publication.

 Bethel for Watermen. 133

BETHEL FOR WATERMEN.

The above commenced its operations in May, 1843, in the
institution
fol
following manner. A few pious persons, who were convinced that boat-
men had been too long neglected, resolved to try the experiment of es-
tablishing meetings in the city for their benefit. They procured a suit-
able room in Stan wix Hall, fitted it up for service, and invited Rev. John
Miles, a Wesleyan Methodist minister, to labor for and with them. Mr.
Miles accepted the invitation, and entered upon the duties of his office
by preaching his first bethel sermon on State Street Bridge, Sabbath
"
morning, May 14, 1843, from Proverbs, xi. 30.
;
He that winneth souls
A. board of managers was
is wise." early formed, consisting of twelve,
from different sections of the Christian church. At their first meeting,
held to adopt measures to sustain the cause, the following preamble and
resolution were offered, and unanimously adopted :
" From a conviction
that it is our imperative duty to do good unto all men, even 1o the neg-
lected boatmen, sailors and strangers, (as many such persons are con-
stantly arriving in our city,) we the undersigned think it necessary that
something should be done in their behalf; and we agree to form ourselves
into a board of managers for the Albany Bethel; to enact laws by which
it shall be governed, and to do all we can to have it permanently sus-
tained.
1 '
The room in Stanwix Hall was kept but one year, as at the
12
 V
134 Jewish Synagogues.
close of the same, Clark Durant, Esq., who had shown himself a very
warm friend of the undertaking, by contributing liberally towards its
support, came forward and purchased the neat and commodious house
Jately occupied by the Third Presbyterian Church, for which he paid
$5000, and has tendered its use gratuitously, so long as it can be sus-
tained as a free bethel. The building, of which the above is a repre-
sentation, is situated in Montgomery street, between Orange and Colum-
bia streets; its dimensions are 50 by 60 feet. Mr. Miles is still the chap-
lain, faithful and devoted in the discharge of his duties. The meetings
are all public, and the seats all free. The Bethel is entirely free from
any sectarian influence, having no organized church, but standing en-
tirely on neutral grou-nd. It is supported by the voluntary subscriptions
of those who take an interest in the spiritual and temporal welfare of
watermen and the stranger within our gates. There is also a sabbath
school connected with it, which was commenced in June, 1844.

JEWISH SYNAGOGUES.
There are two Hebrew congregations in this city. The Bethel Con-
gregation consisted originally of sixteen members, all of them Germans,
who came over in 1837, from Europe, and after having been for a short
time in New York, they settled in this city in the fall of 1837. Before
that time there were very few Israelites residing in Albany. There are
now more than 100 members in the congregation. Their place of wor-
ship is called synagogue, where they perform their service in the Hebrew
language. Their meeting days are every sabbath or Saturday, and be-
sides on thirteen holidays and twenty-seven half-holidays. Their first
place of worship was in Bassett street, but on the 2d of September, 1842,
they dedicated a new synagogue at No. 76 Herkimer street, formerly a
church belonging to the Hibernian Benevolent Society which cost, after
;

having been altered and repaired, about $3500. There is one minister
or rabbi to the congregation, who is elected annually, for the term of
one year. Mr. Henry Seehling was the second minister, and held the
place about five years, when he was succeeded by the present incum-
bent, Rabbi Vise Traub, about four years since.
In the spring of the year 1841, three members and eight seat holders
quitted the Bethel Congregation and commenced a new society under
the title of Beth Jacob,~ which counts at present about forty members.
Their service is the same as the Bethel Congregation. They met at
No. 8 Rose street, until some time during 1848 they erected a synagogue
in Fulton street, at an expense of $4,500. The officiating minister is
Rabbi Jacob Newborgh.
Each congregation has a separate burial ground. There is also a
Mutual Benefit Society of Israelites in this city, to which nearly all the
members of the Bethel Congregation belong. The object of this society
is to support the poor sick, as well as their own members, and to give
relief to the families of the poor and the sick, and to see that in case of
death the corpse is properly buried.
The Congregation, as well as the Mutual Benefit Society, are sup-
pc rted by monthly contributions and free offerings.
 Society of Friends Universalist Church. 136

SOCIETY OF FRIENDS.
The Society of Friends in the city of Albany first met for religious
worship in different places, where they could obtain suitable rooms,
from 1827 to 1833, a considerable part of the time in the Lancastrian
School House, in Eagle street, by permission of the common council.
In 1835 they became an organized society, and built a meeting house on
the south side of Plain street, below Grand. The dimensions of the
building are 36 by 42 feet, and 22 feet walls above the basement, and
seated so as to accommodate about four hundred persons. It has a large
and commodious basement, which is occupied as a school room. The
school is under the charge of a member of the society, and numbers
about 50 pupils. This edifice was erected by the Society here, with the
assistance of the Yearly Meeting of New York, at an expense of $5000.
he congregation numbers about 150 persons.

UNIVERSALIST CHURCH.
There was preaching occasionally by Universalist clergymen in this
city, for a few years previous to 1829. In the fall of that year the first
Universalist meeting house in Albany was erected on Herkimer street,
being a temporary wooden building 50 by 27 feet. Subsequently it was
elevated for the purpose of forming a basement and 10^ feet added to
its depth; it then had cost about $1500. On the 1st of March, 1830, a
meeting was held to take into consideration the formation of a Univer-
salist Society, when it was resolved to form one. On the 23d of March,
1830, the first Universalist Society in the city of Albany was organized,
when about thirty persons signed the constitution, which contains a
confession of Christian faith; the society therefore comprises the church.
The Rev. Wm. S. Balch commenced his labors in the latter part of Feb-
ruary, 1830, who, in consequence of poor health, removed at the ex-
piration of three months. The Rev. Isaac D. Williamson commenced
his labors on the 17th of June, 1830, and resigned the 1st of May, 1837.
The brick meeting house in Green street, now occupied by the society,
was commenced the 25th of July, 1833, and completed in August, 1834.
It is a substantial, neat, and convenient edifice, 80 by 48 feet, construct-
ed in accordance with the Grecian Doric order, and with the lot, cost
about $14,000. The Rev. Stephen R. Smith commenced his labors the
18th of September, 1837, and left the society on the 1st of May, 1842;
was succeeded by Rev. S. B. Britton, who left the society in April,
1843, after which the Rev. L. B. Mason supplied the desk until the fall
of 1845, when he left in consequence of ill health. The society was
then without stated preaching until the spring of 1846, when Rev. S. B.
Brilton returned and remained for one year, after which Rev. R. P.
Ambler preached for about eight months; since which there has been
no settled pastor until November 1st, 1848, when Rev. W. H. Waggoner
was engaged as pastor, and installed on the 20th of December. There
is a Sunday school attached to the society, consisting of more than one
hundred scholars. The library consists of 200 volumes, of very care-
a lly selected books. The congregation numbers about four hundred,
nd has sixty communicants,
136 Plan of Albany, 1695.

E
PLAN OF ALBANY, 1695.
1. The
Fort. I
7. Blockhouses.
2. Dutch Calvinist Church. Dr. Dellius 8. Stadt House.
pastor. j
9. Agreat Gun to clear a gull&y.
3. German Lutheran Church. 10. Stockade.
4. Its buryin? place. 11. City Gates, six in aJJ.
5. Dutch Calvinist burying place.
 Ancient Albany. 13?

ANCIENT ALBANY.
The denizens of this ancient city know by tradition that it was for-
merly protected against the incursions of the French and Indians, by pa-
lisades, a kind of fortification, consisting of upright posts planted firmly
ia the ground, and peculiar in the manner of its use to the settlements
of this country. Occasionally in making excavations, the relics of these
ancient wooden walls are met with, but from the difficulty we have had
in gathering authentic oral information about the limits which they de-
scribed, we are inclined to believe that few if any ut this day can give a
satisfactory account of them. The accompanying diagram shows the line
of these old defences. It is not known whether it was drawn after any
accurate survey, but could hardly have been otherwise, from its corres-
pondence with the same portion of the city at the present day. We can
see how the curvatures and diagonal lines presented
by our streets had
their rise in the course of the protecting enclosure, which latter was run
to correspond with the declivities on either side of the high ground upon
which this part of the city stands, and terminating in a regular fort at
Lodge street. It was drawn in 1695, by the Rev. John Miller, a chap-
lain in the British army, and is unquestionably a true picture of the
form and boundaries of the city a century and a half ago reaching
from Hudson to Steuben street on Broadway, and from the river west to
Lodge street. A more extended line of palisades was afterwards con-
structed, bounded by Hamilton street on the south, and crossing Broad-
way on the north at the house occupied by the late venerable Abraham
Van Vechten, a little north of Orange and Van Tromp streets. The
north gate was placed there, and was a local name as late as the be-
ginning of the present century, dividing the city of Albany from the
Colonie, which was a separate town, until the year 1815, when a por-
tion of it was annexed, and called the fifth ward. It was a century
after this draft of the city was made before it began to increase very
rapidly in population, since which it has expanded around this nucleus,
" as from a stroke of the
enchanter's wand."
The following is the description given of Albany in 1695, by the author
alluded to :
" As the
city of New York is the chief place of strength belonging to
this province for its defence against those enemies who come by sea, so
Albany is of principal consideration against those who come by land,
the French and Indians of Canada. It is distant from New York 150
miles, and lies up Hudson's river on the west side, on the descent of a
hill from the west to the eastward. It is in circumference about six
furlongs, and hath therein about 200 houses, a fourth part of what there
is reckoned to be in New York. The form of it is septangular, and the
longest line that which buts upon the river, running from the north to
the south. On the west ansle is the fort, quadrangular, strongly
stockaded and ditched round, having in it twenty one pieces of ordnance
mounted. On the north-west side are two "blockhouses, and on the
south west as many on the south-east angle stands one blockhouse;
:

in the middle of the line from thence northward is a horned work, and
on the north-east angle a mount. The whole city is well stockaded
round, and in the several fortifications named are about thirty guns."
13S City

CITY OF ALBANY.
Albany enjoys an eligible sitnatioo on the west hank of the
river, near the head 42= 39* 3* north ; its
of'tide water. Its mtitnde is
lomntndeT?? 3T west of Greenwich, and ^
IS east of Washington.
The city of New York is distent meridional IT 1354 miles; by the road
on the west side of the river 145 miles ; by the river a little less. The
distance of Boston is 164 miles; of Montreal, 230; of Washington, 37O-
The city appears to great advantage from the river, having n
rapidly from the bank, and
Its habitations oeeapy the alluvial valley of the
rter of a mile in width, and ascend three hills of
14* feel elevation, separated by deep valleys, throng* which eon.
c: waier formerly ran, known as the Foxen kin, the
kin, and the Beaver kflL The view from either of the heights
is pietaresane; to the north may be seen the city of Troy and ad
villages, and in the distance the hills of Vermont. Totheeastthe
nntry lying beyond the Hudson river; and to the
Ural extent of conntry
and the Catskiil with the river lowm? at
the arrival of white men, it was known to the
wMBlmj nftfctMwhwwtvtnfce lamecf.
the
wheW the'aty of Sehenectndy
as being over the plains from Albany The first Ea-
ei which is known to have penetrated this resion, was the
in Sept, 1609. A
to have moored at tome point on whi
Several Dntch navigators followed daring the next three or fov
and" erected trading honses at Albany and New York, for tha
roikrting fare of the Indmns. Our city, therefore, is, next
wn, Ya., the ofcirrt colony in the Union. One of the early
thistramc,wasQendrickCarTStance(or
 City of Albany. 139
whom a fort was erected in 1614, on the island below the city., known
as Marten Gerritsen's or Castle Island, Boyd's island, etc. This island,
which contains about 70 acres, will soon be difficult to identify, having
been several years ago connected with the main land at the north end
by an embankment, and the narrow inlet behind it, is rapidly filling up.
That fort appears on the Figurative Map made in 1616, found by Mr.
Broadhead in Holland. It was a stockade, 50 feet square, encircled by
a ditch 18 feet wide, and was defended by 2 pieces of cannon, and 1 stone
1

guns, and garrisoned by 12 men under Jacob Jacobs Elkens. The trading
house within the fort was 36 by 26 feet. When it was carried away by
the spring freshet in 1617, a spot was chosen near the outlet of the Nor-
man's kill and a fort erected there. That place was abandoned in 1623,
and a new fort built in what is now Broadway, at the new steam boat
landing, near the site of the Fort Orange Hotel. The fort mounted
eight large cannon, called by the Dutch stone gestucken, by which it is
understood that they were loaded with stones instead of iron balls. It
was named Fort Orange, in honor of the Prince of Orange, who then
presided over the Netherlands. This fort was intended to afford con-
venient accommodations for traffic with the Indians, and to serve as a
protection against sudden attacks from them. It was only occupied
during the autumn and winter by the traders, who as yet made no at-
tempts at colonization In 1630, the commissary of the Dutch West
India Company, purchased of the Indians two tracts on the west side of
the river, for Ktliaen Van Rensselaer, a wealthy pearl merchant of Am-
sterdam. The territory thus acquired included the fort, and the same
year a number of colonists sailed from the Texel with their families,
provided with farming implements, stock, and all other necessaries, and
arrived at the mouth of the river on the 24th of May, after a passage of
sixty-four days. On their arrival at Fort Orange, they were provided
with humble accommodations in the vicinity. The names of the settlers
that arrived this year, are given by Dr. O'Callaghan, in his History of
New Netherland, vol. 1, p. 433, as follows: Wolfert Gerritsen, super-
intendent of farms. Rutger Hendricksen van Soest, superintendent of
the brewery. Seger Hendricksen van Soest, shepherd and plowman.
Brandt Peelen van Nieukerke, schepen; he died in 1644; his descendants
take the name of Brandt. Simon Dircksen Pos. Jan Tyssen, trumpeter,
Andries Carstenssen, millwright. Laurens Laurcnssen and Barent TO-
massen, sawyers. Arendt van Curler, commissary. Jacob Jansen Stol;
succeeded Hendrick Albertsen as ferrymaster. Martin Gerrittsen van
Bergen he had a lease of Castle Island, in 1668, which afterwards took
;

his name. Claes Arissen. Roeloff Jansen van Maesterlandt, wife and
family; came out as farmer to the patroon at $72 a year. Claes Claessen,
his servant. Jacques Spierinck, Jacob Govertsen, Raynert Harmensen,
and Bastiaen Jansen Krol. Albert Andriessen Bradt, de Noorman. It
was from him that the Norman's kill takes its name, the water privilege
of which he leased; as well as a large farm situated on that stream,
which fell into the hands of Teunis Slingerland, who married his
daughter, Engeltje Seven years later (1637) Mr. Van Rensselaer
" for
purchased the tract on the opposite side of the river, certain
quantities of duffels, axes, knives and wampum," and thus became the
proprietor of a tract of country 24 miles along the river, and 48 in extent,
east and west. Over this extensive tract he possessed all the authority
140 City of Albany.
of a sovereign, and made a large outlay for its settlement, giving it the
name ol'Rensselaerswyck. The administration of justice and the man-
agement of its finaacial affairs he committed to the care of a commissary
general. Fortunate in the selection of these, his colony prospered
much more than that at New Amsterdam, and it was to the good offices
of Van Curler, or Corlear, the first commissary, that the colonists at
New Amsterdam were in'debled more than once, for their preservation
from the hands of the Indians In 1642 Mr. Van Rensselaer sent
over the Rev. Johannes Megapolensis as minister of Rensselaerswjck,
at his private expense. It is not certain that he visited the colony him-
self. He died in 1646, and the estate descended to bis son Johannes,
then a minor; between whose agent and Gov. Stuyvesant serious diffi-
culties occurred, which it was necessary to refer to the states general of
Holland for arbitration In 1664 the province came into the pos-
session of the English, when the name of Beverwyck, by which it had
been known, was changed to Albany, that being one of the titles of the
Duke of York. It had also been equally well known as Williamstadt,
Fort Orange, and the Fuyck, which latter signifies the bend in the river.
Fort Orange was built in 1623, an I Williamstadt in 1647 at the head of
State street. The right of soil was confirmed to the patroon by a new
patent, but the government was retained in the hands of the colony In
1686, Gov. Dongan granted a charter to the citieeas of Albany. At first
a trading station, then a hamlet, next a village, it was now dignified with
the title of city. It has finally become the capital of the state the
EMPIRE STATE! The charter gave the city an area of one mile in width
on the river, and extendins in a north-west direction, at the same
width, thirteen and a half miles, to the north line ofthe manor of Rens-
selaerswyck; containing 7,160 acres. Peter Schuyler, the friend of the
Indians, was namesl the first mayor, and the first common council con-
sisted of the following persons: Peter Schuyler, mayor; Isaac Swinton,
recorder; Robert Livingston, town clerk; Dirk Wessels, Jan Jans
Bleecker, David Schuyler, Johannes Wendell, Lavinus Van Schaick,
Adrian Gerritsen aldermen; Joachim Staats, John Lansingh, Isaac Ver-
planck, Lawrence Van Ale, Albert Ryckman, Melgert Wynantse, assist-
ant aldermen; Jan Bleecker, chamberlain; Richard Pretty, sheriff;
James Parker, marshall The Schuyler family, for several genera-
tions, exerted a powerful influence over the Indians. In all the treaties
with them the city of Albany bore a conspicuous part; and so entirely
had they won the confidence of the savages, that from the date of its
settlement, it was never invaded by a hostile tribe; although, in 1689,
when the citizens refused to submit to the administration of Leisler and
Milborne, they yielded allegiance through fear of an Indian invasion.
....During the revolution, the Albany committee nobly sustained their
countrymen in the struggle. Burgoyne had boasted, at the commence-
ment of the campaign, that his army should revel upon the spoils of
Albany; but he only visited the city as a captive. Sir Henry Clinton
twice attempted to invade it, but met with sufficient obstacles to prevent
his success In 1795 the town of Colonie was annexed, forming
the fifth ward. It became the capital of the slate in 1807. Since the
introduction of steam boats and the completion of the canals, the growth
of the city has been rapid, and the lines of rail roads, which connect it
with Boston and Buffalo, are giving it a still greater impulse. From its
 City of Albany. 141
central position, Albany forms a kind of natural entrepot between New
York and a vast Canadas, part of Ohio,
interior country, comprising the
Michigan, Illinois,and even Wisconsin and Iowa, on the one side, and
parts of the New England states on the other. Flour and other agri-
cultural products form the principal articles of export. The city has
about 120 streets, and is divided into ten wards. Its population, by the
last census, was 41,139. Each ward elects two aldermen who, together
with the mayor and recorder, form the Common Council The
architecture of the city has undergone a very great change in the
last 30 years. Many of the public and private buildings of Albany are
now of an elegant and costly character. The Capitol, occupied for legis-
lative purposes, the state courts and the state library; the State Hall,
erected for the accommodation of the public officers; the City Hall, oc-
cupied for city and county business, and the Albany Academy, all face
the public square at the head of State street, and the foot of Washington
street. A few rods south of these is the County Jail, and the Medical
College, in Eagle street. The Female Academy is a handsome edifice,
situated in North Pearl street. The Albany Exchange is situated at the
foot of State street. The Orphan Asylum is located one mile west of
the City Hall and the Penitentiary near Lydius street on the Delaware
;

turnpike. These will be more fully described in another place, as well

as the churches, and other important buildings The trade, com-
merce and manufactures of Albany are important, and rapidly increas-
ing. Its iron foundries are among the largest in the country. More
stoves are manufactured here, than in any other city or town in the
Union. It has extensive manufactories of pianofortes, leather,
coaches, sleighs, hats, caps and bonnets, the three latter to the amount
of nearly a million of dollars a year. In addition to the above, the
Albany Nail Works, near Troy, the most extensive establishment of the
kind in America, are principally owned in Albany, as also an extensive
satinet factory, and flouring mills on the Patroon's creek. The Erie
and Champlain canals, which form a junction eight miles above, enter
the Hudson at the north end of the city, where a capacious basin has
been formed, of more than a mile in length, by means of a pier inclosing
a part of what was anciently termed the Fuyck, or bend in the river, of
32 acres area, affording a winter harbor for boats, as well as safe pro-
tection to vessels navigating the river or canals, and commodious wharf-
age. The Mohawk and Hudson rail road, among the first roads built in
the country, and connected with the Utica and Schenectady, and Saratoga
andSchenectady rail roads, terminates at Albany. The Albany and West
Stockbridge rail road connects with the Western rail road at the stale line,
between Massachusetts and New York, forming a continuous line of rail
roads from Albany to Boston. The termination of these rail roads and
canals at Albany, renders it the centre of trade and transhipment, and has
opened to the enterprise of her merchants and artisans an extent of
country unsurpassed in its wealth and resources. In 1832 a company
was incorporated with a capital of three millions, 1o connect Albany
with New York by a rail road on the margin of the river, but it was
not until 1847 that efficient measures were taken to carry out that great
project, when a new charter was granted by the legislature, the stock
subscribed, and a portion of the road is already constructed, and will be
jn operation over a considerable length of it in 1849.
142 County of Albany.

COUNTY OF ALBANY.
Albany county was organized under Gov. Dongan, in 1683, when it

comprised the whole of the state north and west of Dutchess and Ulster
counties, and part of Vermont. In 1757, the number of taxable inhabitants
was 3,800; in 1767, 5,014; and in 1786, after several counties had been
set off, 72,360. In 1772 a very large tract was severed and took the name
of Montgomery county, out of which a good many counties have since
been formed. In the same year Washington county was also set off on the
east side of the Hudson. On the 4th of April, 1786, an act passed the
legislature, erecting the southeast part of the county of Albany into a new
county, by the name of Columbia. In 1788, Clinton county was formed
from the northern extremity whose census in 1790 was 1222 and that of
!

Columbia county 27,552, of which 1630 were slaves. The following is a

table of the towns which comprised the county of Albany in 1790, and the
census of each the orthography is also preserved.
;

Towns.
'
"1
 County of Albany. 145
the legislature had in contemplation a design to take another corner from
Albany county but at the adjournment of that body, it remained in the
;

senate, which passed a resolution at its close, that the further considera-
tion of the bill entitled "An act to erect certain lands into a separate
county by the name of Delaware/' be postponed until the next session.
The boundaries of the proposed county described in the bill are curious :
" All that
part of the counties of Albany, Ulster and Otsego, beginning at
the Susquehanna river, at the mouth of the Unadilla, and running from
thence along the division line, between the counties of Otsego and Tioga
southerly, to the mouth of a brook called Aughquago, which runs into
Delaware river near a place called the Cook house ; and thence down the
said river to a place ten miles below Shohakin, measured along the said
river as it runs, and thence northeasterly to the mouth of a creek called the
East kill, which runs into the Schoharie kill; and up the middle of the
Stony kill to the head thereof, to a hemlock tree marked with the letters
W. I. I. W., and thence northwest to the Adiquataygie or Charlotte

river; and thence down the middle thereof to the Susquehanna river;
and thence down the middle of the same to the place of beginning, shall
be and hereby is erected into a separate county by the name of Delaware."
This county was not formed until 1797, when it was taken wholly from
Otsego and Tioga. The county of Albany then comprised the following
towns: Albany, Schenectady, Catskill, Coxsackie, Schoharie, Berne,
Coeymans, Bethlehem, Rensselaerville, Watervliet, Duanesburgh, Free-
hold. The number of electors in the city was 765; in the county, 6087.
The following is a list of the taxable inhabitants of the towns in the
county of Albany, in July, 1795
Albany, 806 Bethlehem, 350
Watervliet, 573 Rensselaerville, 495
Coxsackie, 600 Schohary 507
Catskill 354 Duanesburgh, 400
Freehold,, 524 Berne, 386
Coeymans, 354 Schenectady, 747
In 1809, the corporation of the city of Schenectady applied to the
legis-
lature for another division of Albany county, taking the city of Schenec-
tady, the towns of Duanesburgh, and Princetown, and so much of the town
of Watervliet as lay beyond the manor line. On a division of the house
there were 8 in favor of the new county. This was the final subdivision,
leaving the county as it now stands, when it consisted of Albany, Coey-
mans, Watervliet, Rensselaerville, Berne, Colonie, Bethlehem, and Guil-
derland. Some of these have been subdivided, and otherwise altered, but
the territory is believed to be the same. Its boundaries will be seen on the
accompanying map. It consists of the following towns, with the date of
their incorporation :

1686 Albany 1795 Berne

1688 Watervliet 1803 Guilderland
1790 Rensselaerville 1815 Westerlo
1791 Coeymans 1822 Knox
j/yd
1793 uetmenem
Bethlehem New
1832 IN
isdz ew Scotland.
The greatest length of the county is 28 miles ; breadth 21 ; containing
13
I ,
V
WN ^H^I ^w WOTK *PWP HP^WI^ vnfm ^r ^*wjyw ^w^v wvwwr V9 ^M WK
*
, . .
, *!<% ' -

v *

h
^^ ^^^ V^kM^^kw >^* felW^ ftk^t^^jy^ ^ iJUhJ^ AMft^ MfeJM>Jki^S^ t^LM^Jlw **l

* * \ '
.'V
' ' '
*
* . . , t * i . . .
'
, , '
. . ,
'
,
'
t
v
\

^UMk kuA
W^^^ % VW
touK
Vr? AkMtfMM
^^W^P^ M4te\Jv%
i^^Vw WokikJl
TWTP^WI^ WW
A'ti

'V . V *
.
-.
>
* '
'V *
i
*

P9 9WM WRV^ttRPN^i^x ^ VM 4^NMRHV1^^K WMv

wn\ ^K ^ffA xVWIPWs 'IPPPRPW ^WRl ^W^ \4Mp

... .... .
.v ......... ..... . > I
...1 -. ..>.,. ..-, . S
 o/ <4/&<my. 147
frriUfl water paver abo Bearhr extbgtttthed. The principal water-
fall the Coboe7 hariog a perpeadknilir JMeiat of Dearly 70 feet, pot-

E visitors
is 140
ofspiadles,wiiAallthe
from all

The statistics of the county, a* presented by the

tVoftbe TW total fcl/oftbe Mo-
to propel at

last
lea* one

1
1?

City of Albany,
Bethlehem, ...
2,3*7
27,647
!i M ,< a 41,139 7^77
,565 3,315 705
l **
775
M,734 ,750(
Bern. 29,293
22,179
,790 3,667
,473 2,978 681
M |,M3
767
19,5*1 34.630 ,501 ,494 2,995 682 694
2 ^ 26>70 ,079 ,082 2,161 500 612
New Scotland, ,w ,601 I, 754
20,2*1
i m 41,20* ,821 ,768 I, MiM K^3
WesterJo,
Watery Uet, ..
23,303 39,420 , MB . 1C gs m
5,537 11,209; 2 1'S
29,670, 5,672

i-, no

-----
Cityof i l

3 ,'3

CoeymaM, .

GaiJderlaad, 7
Kox,....
New Scotland,.
laerv
Wester lo
WalerrJtel, 2 2

!3 11 1 -> _>:* 3 Mttltt 12 1 9

148 Assembly Districts A Remarkable Winter.
1 Medical College
3 Academies
 Albany County Penitentiary. 149

ALBANY COUNTY PENITENTIARY.

This establishment is located near the junction of Lydius street with
the Delaware turnpike, about half a mile distant in a westerly direction
from the Capitol. The lands belonging lo it include four entire squares,
as laid down upon the city map, and contain between ten and twelve
acres. The buildings occupy a beautiful and commanding elevation,
facing eastward, and present an imposing appearance. As will be seen
by the engraving, they comprise a centre building, three stories high
besides the basement, 50 feet front and 75 in depth; and two wings,
each 100 feet long and 50 feet wide, exclusive of the octagonal towers
"which flank them. The interior of the south wing forms a spacious
hall, 98 feet long, 46 feet wide, and 32 feet high, in the centre of which
is a massive block of 96 cells, four tiers in height, with stair cases and
surrounding galleries. These cells are each, in the inside, 7 feet by 4,
and 7 feet high, supplied with iron bed steads and other necessary fur-
niture. Each cell has a separate and distinct ventilator. The doors are
made of round iron bars, which when closed admit nearly as much air
and light as when open. The hall is also well ventilated, spacious, light
and airy. Besides these, there are 10 larger cells in the octagon towers;
making in all 106 cells. This wing is appropriated exclusively to male
convicts. In the north wing, occupied by the females, is a block of 40
cells, similar to those just described, with 8 larger ones in the towers,
corresponding with those in the southern octagons, making a total of 48
cells. The remainder of this wing is divided into work rooms for the
women, and for various other uses. The whole prison contains 154
cells, or dormitories, of which about 144 are used for ordinary purposes.
The number, however, can be increased from time to time as occasion
may require. The front portion of the central building is appropriated
to the residence of the superintendent, his family and the subordinate
officers. On the first story, in rear, are the guard chamber, matron'*
room, &c., &c. In the rear of the second story is the male hospital, a
fine apartment 28 by 32 feet $ also a female hospital, and a dispensatory
150 Albcmy County Penitentiary.
connected with both. The third story is handsomely fitted up as a
chapel, 36 by 48 feet, furnished with pulpit, seats, &c., in which divine
service is regularly held on each sabbath day. A sabbath school has
likewise been instituted. The rear part of the basement is devoted to
the culinary operations of the prison, most of which are performed by
steam adjoining this is the laundry and bake house. The whole estab-
j

lishment is warmed by hot air furnaces, and furnished with a copious

supply of good water; and hot and cold water are distributed wherever
necessary.
A brick wall. 14 feet high, extending 105 feet beyond the wings, paral-
lel with the front, and running thence 200 feet to the rear, on each side,
has been erected. This wall, surmounted by towers, or guard-houses,
at the angles, and a sentry walk at top, surrounds the whole prison
yard, in the centre of which is a range of work-shops for male convicts,
150 feet long by 28 wide, with cellars of the same size beneath, for the
prison stores.
The dimensions of the prison, including the walls and yard, are 460 feet
front and rear, and 250 feet deep, covering an area of nearly Ihree acres.
All the buildings are constructed of brick and stone, and are fire-proof.
The bricks were mostly made on the ground, and all the work, usually
denominated laborer's work, in and about the premises, from the com-
mencement of the establishment, has been performed by the prisoners.
The ground was purchased at the very low price of $3000. The cost of
the buildings, exclusive of convict labor, was $35,000. Including in-
terest on that part of the money borrowed for the purpose, and all other
contingencies, the total cost is somewhat upwards of $40,000, which by
law is directed to be raised in eight equal annual instalments. Three
of these instalments have been already added to the county taxes and
paid, without enhancing the previous rate of taxation, for the reason,
that the former average annual amount of criminal expenses were, by
this change of system, sufficiently lessened to defray them ; and it is
believed that this effect will continue until the whole is paid. The un-
dertaking therefore adds nothing to the public burden ; on the contrary
it must result in pecuniary gain, for the county acquires this valuable

property, (which will always be worth its cost), entirely from the savings
made on the former system.
The Penitentiary is principally designed for the confinement, employ-
ment and reformation of vagrants and petty criminals, for whom no
adequate provision had previously existed. Before its erection, it had
been customary to punish these delinquents by simple incarceration in
the county jail, where, in utter idleness, corrupted and corrupting each
other by indiscriminate intercourse, they remained until the expiration
of their sentences, and in most cases, when discharged it was only to
return thither in a few days, or weeks at most, to go through the
same routine. This course of treatment, so far from having any ter-
rors, or constituting any punishment, had an opposite effect. The jail
became a fruitful source of demoralization and vice, while the cost of
its maintenance, coupled with the attendant expenses of trials, courts
and juries, was annually increasing at an alarming rate. In 1843 the
supervisors took the subject into serious consideration. They deter-
mined that some measures should be adopted whereby this class of
persons might if possible be reclaimed, and at the same time be cqm.
 Albany County Penitentiary. 151

pelled to earn, if not atleast a part of their subsistence. The neces-

all,
sary legislative authority was obtained in 1344. Messrs. Samuel Pruyn
and Barent P. Staats of the city of Albany, and Lewis M. Dayton of
the town of Rensselaerville, were appointed commissioners to devise a
system of punishment, and a plan for the construction, management and
discipline of a penitentiary. In due time the commissioners made their
report, which being approved, the ground was purchased, and the
buildings commenced in the summer of 1845. The south wing was
first erected, and became ready for the reception of male prisoners in

April, 1846. During the remainder of that year, and the beginning of
the next, the central edifice and north wing were built, and in June,
1847, females were first admitted. The whole number of convicts which
have entered the Penitentiary up to the first of November, 1848, is 831,
of which number 143 then remained, namely, 101 males, and 42 females.
The county authorities were extremely fortunate in their arrange-
ments. In 1846 Amos Pilsbury, for many years previously the warden
of the Connecticut state prison, accepted the office of superintendent or
principal keeper of the Penitentiary, for which he was eminently fitted
by his long experience and great success in the management of prisons
and prisoners. The discipline established is that known by the name
of the silent system. It contemplates united labor, perfect order, silence
and obedience. The physical and mental necessities of the convicts are
carefully and fully supplied, and they are constantly, by night as well
as by day, under the personal surveillance of the officers. The limits
of this article will not admit of a lengthened detail of the precise mode
pursued; it is sufficient to say that it has been attended with beneficial
effects; several cases of complete and radical reformation have occurred,
in which the subjects have returned to a moral and virtuous course of
life. Under the experienced government of Mr Pilsbury, it is said
.

that in the Albany Penitentiary the silent, or as it is sometimes called

the Auburn system, is more perfectly and efficiently administered than
in any other prison. Besides the superintendent, there are also a deputy-
keeper, 4 assistants, 2 guards, or watchmen, a matron, and assistant.
The institution is also provided with a chaplain and physician. The
whole is under the joint control of the supervisors of the county and
the mayor and recorder of the city who, through a board of three in-
;

spectors by them appointed, direct its concerns.

One feature in the management of the Penitentiary should be favor-
ably noticed, as creditable to the good sense of the county government.
The institution being purely benevolent and philanthropic in its objects,
the supervisors early and wisely determined that no political or partizan
considerations should enter into or influence its affairs. On this prin-
ciple they have acted, and to it in a great measure may the success of
the enterprise be attributed. Without enquiring into the particular
creed of individuals on political subjects, it is quite sufficient that the
persons to whom its direction is confided, are honest, capable, and dis-
charge their duties with fidelity.
The commissioners deserve commendation for the ability with which
they have discharged an important trust. Especially to Samuel Pruyn,
now and for many years one of our city supervisors, belongs the credit of
originating and accomplishing this great philanthropic design. His in-
defatigable zeal and perseverance, aided by the good counsel of his col-
152 Commission of John Abeel.
leagues, Dr. B- P. Staats and Lewis M. Dayton, has overcome every diffi-
culty and discouragement. The Albany Penitentiary is destined to be the
pioneer of a new system of criminal punishment. Already has the
county of Erie imitated it, and in Ihe county of Onondaga preparations
are making for a similar establishment. If it be a desideratum that the
county prisons in the slate of New York shall become self-supporting
institutions, and at the same time reformatory in morals, there is no
hazard in predicting that the example will be extensively followed.
The county of Albany has aided materially in hastening a great and im-
portant result in political economy. The larger counties will sooner or
later adopt the plan, while the smaller onts may unite together and
erect district penitentiaries.

COMMISSION OF JOHN ABEEL 1694.

I am
indebted to A. Heyer Brown for the following copy of an ancient
commission in his possession. John Abeel was the first mayor of Albany
who was commissioned in this way, Peter Schuyler, who preceded him,
having been named in the charter. In digging for the purpose of laying
the foundation of the iron railing which was placed in front of the Mid-
dle Dutch Church a few years ago, the workmen exhumed the bones of
many persons who had been interred there, among them doubtless those
of Mr. Abeel, as his tombstone was thrown out with the others, and
was afterwards placed in the pavement of the side walk. This docu-
ment is written in a very bold old English character, and has the original
seal attached, which is a cake of wax about three inches in diame-
ter, and three-fourths of an inch in thickness, stamped with the British
arms. In copying it the original orthography has been preserved.
WILLIAM &, MARY by the Grace of God of England Scotland France
& Ireland King & Queen defenders of the Faith &c To our loving
subject John Abeel Esqr Greeting Reposing special trust and confidence
in your Loyalty prudence and circumspection We do hereby nominate
constitute and appoint you to be Mayor of the city of Albany for one
year next ensuing y fourteenth of October instant w th full power and
e

authority to execute and perform all things whatsoever belonging to said

office in as full and ample manner as any former Mayor of the said city
hath done or might have lawfully done executed and performed To
Hold Exercisse and enjoy the said office of Mayor of the said city with
all things thereunto belonging and to have and receive all fees Salarys
profitls perquisites benefits advantages priviledges immunities pre-
hemmencys and t appurtenances Whatsoever to the said office belong-
ing or in any way appurtaining during the term aforesaid In Testimony
whereof we have caused the seal of our province of New York in
America to be hereunto affixed Witness Benjamin Fletcher our Capt
General and Governor in Chiefe of our Province of New York Province
of Pensilvania County of New Castle and the Territorys and Tracts of
Land depending thereon in America and Vice Admiral of the same Our
Lieut and Commander in chief of the Militia & of all the forces by Sea
& Land within our Colony of Connecticut and of all thefortsand places
of Strength within the same on this fourth day of October in the sixth
year of our Reign Anno Dom 1694 DAVID JAMISON P Secry
 Travel in Ntw York, 1796. 153

LIGHTS AND SHADOWS OF TRAVELING IN NEW YORK

FIFTY YEARS AGO.
[In 1795, Mr. Isaac Weld Junior, viewing the frightful progress of an-
"
archy in Europe, was desirous of ascertaining whether in case of future
emergency, any part of the United States might be looked forward to
as an eligible place of abode. ' 1
He accordingly made the tour of the
United Slates and Canada, and like a great many others of his genus,
found very little to his taste, and nothing to give him the " slightest
wish to revisit it." He could not learn that the trees in the wilderness
were any where more than seven or eight feet in diameter! nor was
there much of any thing on a sufficiently grand scale to meet his antici-
pations, except the musquitoes which he found at Whitehall. He ar-
rived at New York in the summer of 1796, and gives the following ac-
count of his approach to, vexations at, and departure from, Albany.]
Being anxious to proceed on our journey before the season was too
far advanced, and also particularly desirous of quitting New York on
account of the fevers, which, it was rumored, were increasing very fast,
we took our passage for Albany, in one of the sloops trading constantly
on the North river, between New York and that place, and embarked
on the 2d day of July, about two o'clock in the afternoon. Scarcely a
breath of air was stirring at the time; but the tide carried us up at the
rate of about two miles and a half an hour. The sky remained all day
as serene as possible, and as the water was perfectly smooth, it reflected
in a most beautiful manner the images of the various objects on the
shore, and of the numerous vessels dispersed along the river at different
distances, and which seemed to glide along, as it were, by the power of
magic, for the sails all hung down loose and motionless. The sun, set-
ting in all his glory, ad led fresh beauties to this calm and peaceable
scene, and permitted us for the last time to behold the distant spires of
New York, illumined by his parting rays. To describe all the grand
and beautiful prospects presented to the view on passing this noble
river, would be an endless task; all the various effects that can be sup-
posed to arise from a happy combination of wood and water, of hill and
dale, are here seen in the greatest perfection. After sunset, a brisk
wind sprang up, which carried us on at the rate of six or seven miles
an hour, for a considerable part of the night; but for some hours we
had to lie at anchor at a place where the navigation of the river was
too difficult to proceed in the dark. Our sloop was no more than seventy
tons burthen by register; but the accommodations she afforded were
most excellent, and far superior to what might be expected on board so
small a vessel the cabin was equally large with that in a common mer.
;

chant vessel of three hundred tons, built for crossing the ocean. This
was owing to the great breadth of her beam, which was no less than
twenty-two feet and a half, although her length was only fifty-five feet.
All the sloops engaged in this trade, are built nearly on the same con-
struction; short, broad, and verp shallow, few of them draw more than
five or six feet of water, so that they are only calculated for sailing
upon smooth water. The highlands, as they are called, extend along
the river on each side for several miles. The breadth of the river is
here considerably contracted, and such sudden gusts of wind, commenc-
154 Travel in New York, 1796.
ing from between the mountains, sometimes blow through the narrow
passes, that vessels sometimes have their topmasts carried away. The
captain of the sloop we were in, said that his mainsail was once blown
into tatters in an instant, and a part of it carried on shore. When the
sky is lowering, they usually take in sail going along this part of the
river.
About four o'clock in the morning of the 4th of July, we reached
Albany, the place of our destination, one hundred and sixty miles distant
from New York. Albany is a city, and contains about eleven hundred
houses; the number however is increasing fast, particularly since the
removal of the state government from New York. In the old part of
the town the streets are very narrow, and the houses are frightful; they
are all built in the old Dutch taste, with the gable end towards the
street, and ornamented on the top with large iron weathercocks; but in
that part which has been lately erected, the streets are commodious,
and many of the houses are handsome. Great pains have been taken
to have the streets well paved and lighted. Here are four places for
public worship, and an hospital. Albany is in summer time a very dis-
agreeable place; it stands in a low situation, just on the margin of the
river, which runs very slow here, and towards the evening often exhales
clouds of vapors; immediately behind the town, likewise, is a large
sandbank, that prevents a free circulation of air, while at the same time
it powerfully reflects the rays of the sun, which shines in full force upon
it the whole day. Notwithstanding all this, however, the climate is
deemed very salubrious. The inhabitants of this place, a few years
ago, were almost entirely of Dutch extraction; but now strangers are
Hocking to it from all quarters, as there are few places in America more
advantageously situated for commerce. The flourishing state of its
trade has already been mentioned; it bids fair to rival that of New
York in process of time. The fourth of July, the day of our arrival at
Albany, was the anniversary of the declaration of American indepen-
dence, and on our arrival we were told that great preparations were
making for its celebration. A drum and trumpet, towards the middle
of the day, gave notice of the commencement of the rejoicings, and on
walking to a hill about a quarter of a mile from the town, we saw sixty
men drawn up, partly militia, partly volunteers, partly infantry, partly
cavalry; the latter were clothed in scarlet, and mounted on horses of
various descriptions. About three hundred spectators attended. A few
rounds were fired from a three pounder, and some volleys of small
arms. The firing was finished before one hour was expired, and then
the troops returned to town, a party of militia officers in uniform march-
ing in the rear, under the shade of umbrellas, as the day was excessively
hot. Having reached town, the whole body immediately dispersed.
The volunteers and militia officers afterwards dined together; and so
ended the rejoicings of the day ; no public ball, no general entertainment
was there of any description. Aday still fresh in the memory of every
American, nnd which appears so glorious in the annals of their country,
would, it might be expected, have called forth more brilliant and more
general rejaicings but the downright phlegmatic people in this neigh-
;

borhood, intent upon making money, and enjoying the solid advantages
of the revolution, are but little disposed to waste their time in
they consider idle demonstrations of joy.
 Travel in New York, 1796. 155
We retrained in Albany for a few days, and then set off for Skenes-
borough, in Lake Champlain, in a carriage hired for the purpose. The
hiring of this vehicle was a matter attended with some trouble, and de-
tained us longer in the town than we wished to stay. There were only
two carriages to be had in the whole place, and the owners having an
understanding with each other, and thinking that we should be forced
to give whatever price they asked, positively refused to let us have either
of them for less than seventy dollars, equal to fifteen guineas. We on
our part as positively refused to comply with a demand which we knew
to be exorbitant, and resolved to wait patiently in Albany for some other
conveyance, rather than submit to such an imposition. The fellows
held out for two days, but at the end of that time, one of them came to
tell us we might have his carriage for half the price, and accordingly
we took it. Early the next morning we set off, and in about two hours
arrived at the small village of Cohoz, close to which is the remarkable
fall in the Mohawk river, about ten miles from Albany From hence
we proceeded along the banks of the Hudson river, through the town of
Stillwater, which receives its name from the uncommon stillness of the
river opposite to it, and late in the evening reached Saratoga, thirty-five
miles from Albany. This place contains about forty houses, and a
Dutch Reformed church, but they are so scattered about that it has not
;

the smallest appearance of a town. In this neighborhood, upon the

borders of a marsh, are several very remarkable mineral springs one ;

of them, in the crater of a rock, of a pyramidical form, about five feet

in height, is particularly curious. This rock seems to have been formed
by the petrifactions of the water: all the other springs are likewise sur-
rounded with petrifactions of the same kind. The water in the princi-
pal spring, except at the beginning of the summer, when it regularly
overflows, remains about eight inches below the rim of the crater, and
bubbles up as if boiling. The crater is nine inches in diameter. The
various properties of the water have not been yet ascertained with any
great accuracy but it is said to be impregnated with a fossil acid and
;

some saline substance; there is also a great portion of fixed air in it.
An opportunity is here afforded for making some curious experiments.
If animals be put down into the crater, they will be immediately suffo-
cated; but if not kept there too long, they recover again upon being
brought into the open air. If a lighted candle be put down, the flame
will be extinguished in an instant, and not even the slightest spark left
in the wick. If the water immediately taken from the spring be put into
a bottle, closely corked, and then shaken, either the cork will be forced
out with an explosion, or the bottle will be broken,- but if left in an open
vessel, it becomes vapid in less than half an hour. The water is very
pungent to the taste, and acts as a cathartic on some people, as an
emetic on others.
Of the works thrown up at Saratoga by the British and American
armies during the war, there are now scarcely any remains. The
country round about is well cultivated, and the trenches have been
mostly levelled by the plow. We here crossed the Hudson river, and
proceeded along its eastern shore as far as Fort Edward, where it is
lost to the view, for the road still runs on towards the north, whilst the
river takes a sudden bend to the west. Fort Edward was dismantled
prior to the late American war ; but the opposite armies, during that
156 Travel in New York, 1796.
unhappy contest, were both in the neighborhood. The town of the
same name, is at the distance of one or two hundred yards from it, and
contains about twenty houses. Thus far we had got on tolerably wellj
but from hence To Fort Anne, which was also dismantled prior to the
late war, the road is most wretched, particularly over a long causeway
between the two formed originally for the transporting of cannon,
forts,
the soil here being extremely moist and heavy. The causeway consists
of large trees laid side by side transversely, some of which having de-
cayed, great intervals are left, wherein the wheels of the carriage were
sometimes locked so fast, that the horses alone could not possibly ex-
tricate them. To have remained in the carriage over this part of the
road, would really have been a severe punishment; for although boasted
of as being the very best in Albany, it had no sort of springs, and was
in fact little better than a common waggon; we therefore alighted, took
our guns, and amused ourselves with shooting as we walked along
through the woods. The woods here had a much more majestic ap-
pearance than any that we had before met with on our way from Phila*
delphia; this, however, was owing more to the great height than to the
thickness of the trees, for I could not see one that appeared more than
thirty inches in diameter; indeed, in general, the girt of the trees in the
woods of America is very small in proportion to the height, and trifling
in comparison of that of the forest trees in Great Britain. The thickest
trees I ever saw in the country was that of a sycamore, which grew
upon the bank of the Skenandoah river, just at its junction with the
Patowmac, in a bed of rich earth, close to the water; yet this tree was
no more than about four feet four inches in diameter. On the low
lands in Kentucky, and on some of the bottoms in the western territory,
it is said that trees are commonly to be met with seven and eight feet
in diameter.
Beyond Fort Anne, which is situated at the distance of eight miles
from Fort Edward, the roads being better, we once more mounted into
our vehicle but the miserable horses, quite jaded, now made a dead
;

stop; in vain the driver bawled, and stamped, and swore; his whip had
been previously worn out some hours, owing to the frequent use he
had made of it, and the animals no longer feeling its heavy lash, seemed
as determined as the mules of the abbess of Andouilles to go no farther*
In this situation we could not help bantering the fellow upon the excel-
lence of his cattle, which he had boasted so much of at setting out, and
he was ready to cry with vexation at what we said but having acci-
;

dentally mentioned the sum we had paid for the carriage, his passion
could no longer be restrained, and it broke forth in all its fury. It ap-
peared that he was the owner of two of the horses, and for the use of
them, and for driving the carriage, he was to have had one-half of the
hire; but the man whom we had agreed with, and paid at Albany, had
given him only ten dollars as his moiety, assuring him, at the same
time, that it was exactly the half of what we had given, although in
reality it fell short of the sum by seven dollars and a half. Thus cheat-
ed by his companion, and left in the lurch by his horses, he vowed ven-
geance against him on his return but as protestations of this nature
;

would not bring us any sooner to our journey's end. and as it was ne-
cessary that something should be immediately done, if we did not wish
to remain all night in the woods, we suggested the idea, in the mean*
 Travel in New York, 1796. 157
whilst one of
time, of his conducting the foremost horses as postillion,
our seivants should drive the pair next to the wheel. This plan was
not started with any degree of seriousness, for we could not have sup-
of six feet high, and clad in a
posed that a tall meagre fellow, upwards
bestride the raw
pair of thin nankeen breeches, would very readily
boned back of a horse, covered wilh the profuse exudations which the
intense heat of the weather, and the labor the animal had gone through,
necessarily excited. As much tired, however, wilh
our pleasantries as
we were of his vehicle, and thinking of nothing, I believe, but how he
could best get rid of us, he eagerly embraced the proposal, and accord-
ingly,
5 having furnished himself with a switch from the adjoining thicket,
he mounted his harnessed Rosinante. In this style we proceeded; but
more than once did our gigantic postillion turn round to bemoan the
sorry choice he had made; as often did we urge
the necessity of getting
out of the woods; he could make no answer; so jogging slowly along,
we at last reached the little town of Skenesborough, much to the amuse-
ment of every one who beheld our equipage, and much to our own satis-
faction ; for, owing to the various accidents we had met with, such as
traces breaking, bridles slipping off the heads of the horses, and the
noble horses themselves sometimes slipping down, &c., &c , we had been
no less than five hours travelling the last twelve miles.
Skenesborough stands just above the junction of Wood creek with
South river, as it is called in the best maps, but which, by the people in
the neighborhood, is considered as a part of Lake Champlain. At pre-
sent there are only about twelve houses in the place; but if the naviga-
tion of Wood creek is ever opened, so as to connect Lake Champlain
with the North river, a schi-me which has already been seriously thought
of, it will, doubtless, soon become a trading town of considerable im-
portance, as all the various productions of the shores of the lake will
then be collected there for the New York and Albany markets. Not-
withstanding all the disadvantages of a land carriage of forty miles to
the North river, a small portion of flour and potash, the staple commo-
dities of the state of New York, is already sent to Skenesborough from
different parts of the lake, to be forwarded to Albany. A considerable
trade also is carried on through this place, and over Lake Champlain,
between New York and Canada. Furs and horses principally are sent
from Canada, and in return they get East India goods and various manu-
factures.
Skenesborough is most dreadfully infested with musquitoes; so many
of them attacked us the first night of our sleeping there, that when
we arose in the morning our faces and hands were covered all over
with large pustules, precisely like those of a person in the small-
pox. This happened too, notwithstanding that the people of the house,
before we went to bed, had taken all the pains possible to clear the
room of them, by fumigating it with the smoke of green wood, and after-
wards securing the windows with gauze blinds; and even on the second
night, although we destroyed many dozens of them on the walls, after a
similar fumigation had been made, yet we suffered nearly as much.
These insects were of a much larger size than any I ever saw elsewhere,
and their bite was uncommonly venomous. Gen. Washington told me,
that he never was so much annoyed by musquitoes in any part of Ame-
rica, as in Skenesborough, for they used to bile through the thickest boot '

14
158 Eutten Kill Brick.

Musquitoes appear to be particularly fond of the fresh blood of Eu-

ropeans, who always suffer much more the first year of their arrival in
America than they do afterwards. The people of the country seem
quite to disregard their attacks. Wherever they fix their sting, a little
tumor or pustule usually arises, supposed to be occasioned by the fer-
mentation when mixed with the blood, of a small quantity of liquor,
which the insect always injects into the wound it makes with its spicula,
as may be seen through a microscope, and which it probably does to
render the blood more fluid. The disagreeable itching this excites, is
most effectually allayed by the application of volatile alkali or if the
;

part newly stung be scratched, and immediately bathed in cold water,

that also affords considerable relief; but after the venom has been lodged
for any time, scratching only increases the itching, and it may be at-
tended with great danger. Repeated instances have occurred of people
having been laid up for months, and narrowly escaping the loss of a
limb, from imprudently rubbing a part which had been bitten for a long
time. Great ease is also derived from opening the pustules on the
second day with a lancet, and Jetting out the blood and watery matter.

RUTTEN KILL.
The grading of the great Hudson street ravine, anciently known as
the Rutten kill, was nearly completed in 1847, from Hawk to Lark
streets, and from near Lydius to State. During a period of about three
years, from 50 to 250 persons, and 60 teams, were employed upon the
work of grading and filling this extensive area. The ravine, origin-
ally 300 feet broad and 50 feet deep, throughout its entire length, re-
ceived the lofty banks upon its borders, and was raised to a convenient
grade, thereby furnishing a large tract for habitation, that had long
been waste, or only occupied for brick kilns, and dirty reservoirs, where
truant boys fished and bathed. Not less than 600,000 yards of excava-
tion were made in blue clay, and an equal amount of filling was done
by one contractor.

MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS.
The number of bricks manufactured in Albany during the last fifteen
years, has averaged sixteen millions per annum, until the year 1847, when
the quantity produced was only hall that number in consequence of the
reduced price, $2.50 per thousand.
 Chronicle of Events in Albany. 159

CHRONICLE OF EVENTS IN ALBANY, 1847 AND 1848.

SEPTEMBER, 1847.
13. The Albany Morning Express, a penny daily paper commenced
by Stone &. Henly, with a reported sale of 1600 copies of the first num-
ber. James Stanley Smith, editor. This constituted the fifth daily paper
in the city at this time Capt. Abram Van OLinda of the Albany
Republican Artillery, killed at the battle of Chapultepec, in Mexico.
The fall examination of the State Normal School commenced.
At the close of the exercises 64 graduates received their diplomas
The superintendent of the Alms House reported to the Common Council,
that the establishment had in charge 404 persons, the majority of them
sick.
14. John H. Webb, of the late firm of Webb &
Dummer, in this city,
died at Hartford, Ct.
15. News received of the battles of Contreras and Cherubusco, which
were fought in Mexico on the 18th and 19th of August, in which Lieut.
Jacob Griffin of Albany was among the wounded.
16. First frost of the season A
fire occurred at No. 164 North
Pearl street, which destroyed the large carpenter's shop of John Jervis,
a two story dwelling house, with several adjoining sheds. The firemen
had a quarrel on the occasion.
17. Andrew Hamburgh died, aged 24.
18. Hannah Leavitt died, aged 51; wife of N. K. Leavitt.
19. Rev. John McCloskey installed, by Bishop Hughes, the first bishop
of the new diocese of Albany Mary Law died, aged 55.
20. Upwards of a hundred vessels in port.
22. Flour $5.75 William T. Lee, formerly of this city, died at
Philadelphia, aged 27.
23. Margaret Nugent died, aged 33; wife of Henry P. Nugent.
24. The Democratic County Convention met; two sets of delegates
appeared from one of the wards; failing to effect a compromise, a sepa-
ration took place, tbe Barnburners choosing Peter Cagger to the slate
convention proposed to be held at Syracuse, and the Old Hunkers choos-
ing Henry Rector. Both parties nominated Conrad A. Ten Eyck for
Assembly. Charles C. Vail died, aged 21 John Stanwix
died, aged 39 Lydia Plait died, aged 82; widow of the late An-
nanias Platt.
25. The following steam boats were advertised to leave for New York
this day: Hendrik Hudson, Captain Cruttenden: Isaac Newton, Capt.
Peck; Soulh America, Capl. Hultse; Columbia, Capt. Tupper; Rip Van
Winkle, Capt. Riggs; Alida, Capt. G. D. Tupper; New Jersey, Capt.
Hitchcock; all night boats except the Alida Martha Tappin died,
aged 78 Wm. J. McDermott died, aged 25; a printer, of New
York, formerly of this city.
27. Over 20,000 bushels of corn arrived by canal this day The
firsl term of Ihe Court of Appeals held in this city, closed its
session,
having exhausted the calendar of 40 cases.
29 /The Whig Counly Convention met, and nominated Robert H.
Pruyn for Agserably,
160 Chronicle of Events in Albany.
30. The amount of flour transported over the Boston and Albany
Rail Road since the 1st of January, 352,317 barrels more than the
quantity transported in the same space of time last year. Receipts for
September, 47 527 barrels.
;

OCTOBER, 1847.
1. Catharine Van Benthuysen died, aged 33.
4. Mary M. Dexter died, wife of George Dexter.
5. the city held a celebration. The scholars,
The district schools of
numbering near 2,000. marched in procession with banners to the park
in South Pearl street, below Lydius. known as Kane's Walk, where ad-
dresses were delivered and several pieces of music suiig. The nine
district schools of the city are attended by about 5,000 pupils, usually.
James Clark died, aged 74; a merchant of good standing and
wealth, for many years extensively engaged in the dry goods line, on
the corner of Broadway and State street Mary A. Davidson died,
aged 75.
6. Great meeting at the Capitol of the friends of a general manufac-
turing law Fire in the sheds behind the two story brick row. 182
and 192 North Pearl street; loss about $300.
8. Great meeting of that portion of the democratic party known as
the Barnburners. There was much rain from above, and indignation
from below. John Van Buren recited the wrongs and perils of himself
and coadjutors at the recent convention at Syracuse, where they were
voted out as irregular delegates. His speech was received with great
applause on all sides.
9. During the week ending this day, 16,000 barrels of flour were
transported over the rail road to Boston.
10. Abigail Osgood died, aged 28.
13. A convention of JLntlrenters met in the city, and adopted can-
didates from the tickets of the other parties, of such men as were
known to entertain favorable views of their cause.
14. A meeting of the friends of the Wilmot Proviso, for the disposi-
tion of the slavery question, convened at the City Hall. Mr. Lewis of
Ohio was the principal speaker on the occasion-
15. Mary Osborn died, aged 69; wife of Jeremiah Osborn Chas.
Van Ostrand died in New York, of an enlargement of the heart, aged
37; formerly a compositor in the office of the Albany Argus.
16. Ann Eliza Henderson died at Jersey city; widow of David Hen-
derson, and eldest daughter of Archibald Mclntyre of this city.
17. An attempt made to fire the buildings in the rear of McAufey's
bakery in Grand street; it was discovered in season to prevent much
damage Mary Molt, formerly of Albany, died at Battle creek,
Michigan.
18. The members of the Common Council, and other citizens, took
passage in the Hendrik Hudson, to witness the ceremony of laying the
corner stone of the Washington Monument, which took place on the 19lh.
Moses Cook died at Syracuse, aged 35; late of this city
Mariin S. Mills died, aged 26.
19. The store of Matthew Jordan entered by burglars, corner of
Broadway and Steuben street. ..... .Several bakers prosecuted for sell.
 Chronicle of Events in Albany. 161

ing light bread ;

the trial adjourned, the bakers contending that the
Common Council have no right to regulate the price of bread, or its
weight A stated session of the United States Circuit Court opened
at the City Hall, with a large amount of criminal business on the calendar.
Judge Conkling presiding A select committee of the House of
Assembly reported a bill to tax bachelors and widowers; but the house
disagreeing, it was referred to the committee of the whole
An
omnibus commenced running from the Exchange to Newton's Corners
on the Shaker road Elizabeth Evertsen, "widow of Evert Evert-
sen, aged 88, run over by a horse and cart as she was crossing State
street, and so badly injured as to cause her death.
20. The Young Men's Association numbered 1,300 members
Nicholas Brower died, aged 53.
21. Capt. Frost, a stranger, walking late at nicht in Quay street, was
knocked down by two ruffians, and robbed, and thrown into the Basin;
but was rescued, and his life saved Richard Schuyler and Robert
Allen, concerned in an assault and battery upon Thomas Sampson, cap-
tain of a canal boat, with intent to kill, were captured and committed.
23. The trustees of the First Presbyterian Church, having purchased
a lot for a new building on the corner of Hudson and Philip streets,
contracted with J. R. Hays and Henry Rector for its erection, at $50,-
000. The foundations were begun Flour, $6.50; wheat, $1.40;
corn, 71 cents; rye, 86 cents; barley, SO cents. In consequence of the
scarcity of vessels, and the inability of the rail road company to trans-
port flour rapidly enough to meet the eastern demand, freights had ad-
vanced materially.
24. A collection taken in St. Joseph's Church for the purpose of rais-
ing funds to build a Cathedral in Albany; $4,500 were received
Peter Bulson died, aged 78.
25. A special committee of the Common Council reported in favor of
removing the dead in the Arbor Hill Burying Ground (which are fre-
quently exposed by persons digging there for sand), to a suitable vault
in the Albany Rural Cemetery, on the Troy road. No action was taken
upon the subject , .The store of R. Reno, in South Pearl street, was
entered by burglars, and $5 in cents carried away.
26. A meeting of the elder branch of the democratic party was held
at the Capitol in the evening, the younger branch holding a convention
at the same time in Herkimer. These events were invested with ex-
traordinary interest.
28. Aurelia McGowan died, ased 40; wife of Minos McGowan
Dorothy E. Brown died, wife of Stephen A. Brown.
29. Great meeting of the Barnburners at the Capitol; Mr. Wilmot,
author of the famous proviso, was present, and delivered a long speech.
John Van Buren followed, and received great applause for the eloquence,
wit and sarcasm of his harrangue Genesee wheat $1.45.
30. Margaret Dermody died, aged 52; wife of Patrick Dermody.
31. Robert Lottridge died, aged 77 Thomas L.Wilson died,
aged 26 The number of deaths at the Alms House for the last
three months, 202; the great majority of cases being ship fever, a new
epidemic. Permits granted since May 1st, 1200.
 162 Chronicle of Events in Albany.

NOVEMBER, 1847.
"
1.
rally at the Capitol; said to have been
Whig not very large, but
enthusiastic." Splendid aurora borealisin the evening ^There
were 105 sloops and schooners lying at the Pier, and the Basin was
choked with all sorts of craft, making preparation for the close of navi-
gation Frances H. Deforest died, aged 17; wife of James P. De-
forest.
2. The election resulted, as usual, in the triumph of the whigs.
3. Lucretia Johnson died, aged 68.
4. The weather
extremely fine for the season ; in the language of the
editor of the Troy Budget, " The golden sunshine sleeps on the russet
earth as quiet as an infant's slumber!" Crawford Livingston died
of consumption at the Mansion House in Columbia county. He opened
the first express office in this city, known as Pomeroy's Express.
5. The steam
tug Commerce left the Pier for New York, with a con-
voy of 8 tow boats, and 12 lake boats, all heavily laden; and the North
America left with 21 lakers in the same condition. This was character-
ized as a big haul. An impetus was given toil by a dreadful scowl in the
heavens Fire in Tivoli Hollow; a large establishment in which
several kinds of manufacturing operations were carried on, was burnt
down loss upwards of $20,000
; Wm. L. Cranston died, aged 26.
7. Townsley's store, 73 Quay street, entered by burglars, who failed
to get remunerated for their labor.
9. This day was fixed upon
by the Millerites for ending the functions
of the Earth; but as on several other days previously appointed for the
same catastrophe, the planet continued its accustomed duties, and left
the deluded sect in great perplexity Sarah Thomas died, aged 58.
10. There had been transported over the rail road to Boston, up to
this time, ten months, 455,221 barrels of flour.
11. The number of prisoners in the Penitentiary was 100 Flour
$6-12; wheat $1-38; barley 87c.
13. Catharine Ostrander died at Tully, aged 97; widow of John
Ostrander a revolutionary officer and former sheriff of Albany.
17. Warm day for the season Charlotte McCauley died, aged 42.
18. Flour $5'87; two-rowed barley 87; rye 92; corn 75e John
Long died, aged 26.
20. An affray between two engine companies, Nos. 5 and 6; one of
No. 5's men had his jaw broken by a blow with a pipe An un-
suspecting person was lured up Hudson street to the new level, and there
robbed of his watch and $150 Martin White died, aged 64.
21. Elizabeth Baillie died, aged 74.
22. The weather at this time much resembled summer Thomas
Waters died of apoplexy, aged 65 Charles Van Loon, pastor of a
baptist church in Poughkeepsie, died of apoplexy, aged 28. He was a
native of Albany, and a young man of extraordinary talents.
23. Opening lecture before the Young Men's Association by Benjamin
F. Butler, and a poem by Epes Sargent.
25. Thanksgiving day; dark and gloomy A foot race at the
Bull's Head; principal competitors Steeprock and Smoke, two Indians;
Smoke won the race by 50 yards, making 10 miles in Ih. lls. the track
;

heavy after a rain; 500 spectators supposed to have been present

Brilliant northern licrht in the
evening,
 Chronicle of Events in Albany. 163
27. A forged draft presented and paid at the Exchange Bank, pur-
porting to have been drawn by Tweddle & Darlington for $1805'25
Thomas Rock died, aged 31.
28. The thermometer fell to 7 in the morning; the cold was felt
severely on account of the suddenness of the change James Alfred
Green died, aged 25 Alfred Goodwin died at Hartford, Ct. ; he
was of the firm of Goodwin & McKinney, hatters, of Albany.
29. Flour $6*12; no wheat in market; barley 75c. oats 48c.; among
:

the produce which arrived in the Albany Basin since the morning of the
27th, were 47,000 barrels flour, 52,000 bushels wheat, 20.000 bushels
barley, 20,000 bushels oats, 390,000 pounds cheese, and 160,000 pounds
butter. The receipts of flour exceeded 20,000 barrels a day about this
time A slight fall of snow.
30. The mercury in the thermometer went down to zero The
number of arrests for criminal offences cognizable at the police office
during the year ending this day, was 2,859; being about 200 less than
the previous year.

DECEMBER, 1847.

1. The corner stone for a synagogue to accomodate the Jewish con-

gregation of Beth Jacob was laid with appropriate ceremonies, at the
corner of Lydius and Fulton streets, by Rabbi Wise The amount
of tolls at the canal collector's office in this city since the opening of
navigation was $358,067'72; do 1846, $263,551-03; showing an increase
of 94,517-69, or 35 per cent Michael Dwyer robbed Olivette
irlic^al, a catholic priest, of $875, on the Troy Road ;
and was appre-
hended * few days after Laughlen McPherson died, aged 89. He
had resided in \he city about twenty years, and was janitor of the Geo-
logical Rooms at the time of his death.
4. A rain storm had continued 48 hours, and showed no symptoms of
a termination John W. H. Canoll died, aged 47.
5. Susan Anderson died, aued 67. She was one of the 18 persons
who first united to form a baptist society in this city in the year 1811.
6. The corner stone of the edifice for the use of the First Presbyterian
Church was laid without special ceremony, on the corner of Hudson and
Philip streets T. W. Truax, one of the night police, in attempting
to stop a pair of affrighted horses, received a blow which resulted in
death.
7. The first popular election of chief engineer of the fire department
took place, when James McQuade received 240 votes, and John Niblock
208; majority for the former 32. So great was the contest that absent-
ees were brought from New York and Philadelphia, and only 44 voters
were missing At a meeting of the Christian Mutual Benefit
Society, Lemuel Jenkins was chosen president for the ensuing year.
9. A festival held at the City Hall for the benefit of the Union Mission
Sunday School.
10. Rev. Dr. Scoresby of England, lectured before the Young Men's
Association, in the Third Presbyterian church, on the Telescopes of
Lord Rosse.
12. The river, swollen by the heavy rains of almost two weeks'
continuance, overflowed its limits and submerged the Quay and lower
part of the city.
164 Chronicle of Events in Albany.
13. A manby the name of Burns was drowned in the river at the
foot of Hamilton street, by the capsizing of a boat James Manning
died, aged 23; one of the reporters for the Albany Alias.
15. Canal closed. (?) The receipts of some of the principal articles
of breadstuffs at Albany and Watervliet were as follows: Flour 3.951,.
722 barrels; wheat 3,897.576 bushels; corn 6,021,144 bushels. The
value of the property received at the above places by canal, was esti-
mated at $72,365,986 Mary Ridgeway died, aged 56.
16. Mr. Parsons, proprietor of the Carlton House, was knocked down
and robbed of $13S in the office of that hotel, at 4 o'clock in the morn-
ing Phoebe Lewis died, aged 75; wife of Col. Henry Lewis
Store of Mr. Shoemaker in Broadway, robbed by two boys, who were
apprehended.
17. Charles D. Townsend died, aged 69. He had been a practitioner
of medicine in the city nearly half a century, and acquired considerable
eminence in his profession Oliver Johnson died at Maderia,
whither he had gone for the recovery of his health.
18. First sleighing of any note William Roberts died, aged 25.
James Radliff died, aged 62 Elizabeth Veazie died, wife
of Moses K. Veazie.
19. Catharine Irving died, aged 17.
23. The Middle Dutch Church, which had been closed several months
for repairs, was opened, having undergone many improvements and
decorations .The first communication by magnetic telegraph with
St. Louis, Missouri .William Hale died, aged 57.
24. The Columbia steam boat arrived from New York, and was the
last boat up this season.
25. Christmas the day fine, and the sleighing of the best kind
Fire in the bakery of Stephen Paddock ; damage about $300.
26. Heman J. Whelpley died, aged 41>, a legal practitioner of ex-
tensive business, and an active member of the whig party Mar-
garet Delehanly died, aged 53; widow of the late Daniel Delehanty.
The morning train west (it being Sunday) had but about half
a dozen passengers; and the four trains during the day, (two each way)
carried but sixty-seven altogether. This state of things was a most
powerful argument, undoubtedly, for the suspension of the Sunday
trains, which was soon after effected.
30. William I. Winne died, aged 45.
3J. The Housatonic train was detained by a dense fog, and did not
arrive at the depot in East Albany till 10 o'clock at night The
trustees of the fire department disbursed $429 to indigent and disabled
firemen during the year.

JANUARY, 1848.

1. New Year the weather scarcely cold enough to require fire

A steam boat left New York, expecting to reach Albany, but was de-
barred by the ice Lieut. Griffin arrived from the seat of war in
Mexico, where he had been twice wounded David P. Page, first
Principal of the State Normal School, died, aged 38 James Con-
nolly, while walking on the Quay, was assaulted by a blow, which caused
his death.
2. A fire at 2 o'clock in the morning destroyed the frame building at
 Chronicle of Events in Albany. 165
the head of Van Woert street The crockery store of Van Heusen
& Charles in State street, robbed.
4. The legislature commenced its session under the new constitution,
which limited its duration to 100 days The governor's message,
consisting of 12,000 words, was telegraphed to New York in 8 hours.
It was transmitted to Schenectady by rail road, in 29 minutes, and from
thence to Utica in 2 hours 1 minute.
7. River closed.
8. Peter Carmichael died, aged 38 James Boyd died, aged 38.
11. Thermometer ranged from 15 to 18 below zero.
21. William B. Winne died, aged 90. He was 48 years penny-post-
man The store of T. S. Still well broken open and robbed.
22. A pair of horses belonging to a farmer in Nassau, while crossing
the river at the Greenbush Ferry, broke through the ice and were
drowned.
24. Robert Taylor died, aged 45.
26. The city was refreshed with a shower of rain.
29. Jane K. Wyckoff, wife of Rev. I. N. Wyckoff, died Willard
Walker died, aged 79; Jong an intelligent and enterprising merchant.
30. Isaiah Breakey, physician, died, aged 50 James A. Coulter
died, aged 28 Hugh Riddle, a convict in the Penitentiary, commit-
ted suicide.
31. The sabbath schools in the city numbered 33, with 554 teachers,
and 2,497 scholars Number of criminal arrests in the city during
the month, 214 Alms House expenses for the month, $3,544.

FEBRUARY, 1848.

1. Annual meeting of the New York State Medical Society; Dr. Alex.
H. Stevens, president; Dr. Alex. H. Thompson, vice-president; Dr. Peter
Van Buren, secretary; Dr. Peter Van OLinda, treasurer.
2. The committee of the whole in the House of Assembly, struck out
the enacting clause of the bill to encourage the discovery of coal in the
counties of Albany and Rensselaer A
special meeting of the Com-
mon Council, on the resignation of the ward physicians, to devise means
of supplying the poor with medical attendance Meeting of the
Board of Trade to elect its officers; Wm. Chapman, president.
4. Jasper Hallenbake, M. D., died at New Orleans, aged 39; formerly
of Albany Snow storm commenced on Friday and continued till
Saturday evening; the mildness of the weather prevented its accumula-
tion.
6. Thestore of W. &, A. Kerr entered a bootless depredation.
;

7. Major-General Quitman arrived in the city from Mexico, and met

with an enthusiastic reception; after which he made the tour of the
town, escorted by the military.
9. Mayor's Court, Recorder Wright presiding, who announced that
there were 16 persons in jail awaiting trial. The civil calendar num-
bered 12 cases Catharine Maher died, aged 25.
10. Elisha C. Porter died, aged 34.
11. A stranger from Poiighkeepsie robbed of a watch valued at $170,
at a bowling saloon in Washington street.
12. Livingston Ludlow Humphrey died, aged 23.
166 Chronicle of Events in Albany.
14. Catharine died, aged 60; widow of John Van Zandt.
Van Zandt
Upwards of 7,000 valentines passed through the post office.
17. The sheriff going out to Bern to sell property taken for rent, was
followed by forty men on horseback, blowing horns and insulting him
and his posse. No bids being made on the property, he brought away
a pair of horses and a wagon.
19. William Jenkinson died, aged 81 Emma Webster died, aged
21 wife of M. L. Webster
;
The Directors of the New York and
Albany Rail Road decided on adopting the river line of survey, ten to
two.
20. The number of convictions for state prison offences in the city
during the last ten years, 335. Three persons in that time were con-
victed of murder, of which number one was hung. The number of petit
larceny convictions, 800.
21. Aurora borealis, which assumed such an unusual appearance, as
to cause an alarm of fire.
22. The anniversary of Washington's birthday celebrated with great
enthusiasm George W. Hawley died, aged 39 John Carroll
died.
23. The store of Samuel W. King on Arbor Hill, robbed of a quantity
of goods and money Elizabeth Davis died, aged 53 Jane
Anderson died, aged 29.
24. Announcement of the death of John Quincy Adams John
W. Jackson died, aged 66.
25. William Nordin died, aged 56.
26. Assault upon Mortimer J. Smith, editor of the Castigator, with
slung shot, by two men disguised Amy Roberts died, aged 80.
27. Navigation open as far north as Hudson The store of David
Van Cott, in Lydius street, robbed of $50 worth of cigars.
29. Prof. Asassiz commenced his course of lectures on Natural His-
tory at the Albany Female Academy Fire in Dean street, No. 3 ;
porter house burnt Lester Bucklin Brown died, aged 22
JaneFrazer died, aged 77; wife of John Frazer During the month
there were 175 cases under medical treatment at the Alms House, of
which 7 died.

MARCH, 1848.

1. Aabout 1 o'clock in the morning, at No. 83 Quay street, which

fire
communicated with about 20 brick and wooden buildings on the Dock
and Broadway, below Hamilton street. Richard Gillespie, a printer,
was killed by the falling of a wall, and two persons were burnt in the
house where the fire originated. Loss of property estimated at $70,000.
2. Richard Van Zandt died, aged 23.
3. Benjamin Van Benthuysen died, aged 70; Laura A. Bowers
died,
aged 26; wife of Augustus Bowers.
4. Horace H. Gladding died, aged 20 ; Miss Buddington, a pupil of
the Normal School, died.
5. Richard Rosier died, aged 73; Isabella Orr died, aged 57; wife of
Samuel Orr.
6. Joseph Curtiss died, aged 71; Melissa Prime
died, aged 34} James
H. Brown died, aged 42.
 Chronicle of Events in Albany. 167
7. The house
14 Jay street robbed of the entire clothing of a lodger.
Circulation of the Albany Evening Journal, daily, weekly and
semi-weekly, stated to be 14,400.
8. The store of Mr. Hadley on the Dock broken open and robbed of
a bad $20 bill Stephen Traver died, aged 37.
The grand " the rum and beer
10. jury presented shops "of the city
and county as a very serious evil, nearly all the business brought before
the grand jury originating in these places that in their opinion the
;

great expenses incurred by the county for Alms House, Penitentiary

and Jail expenditures grow out of the riots, robberies, assaults and bat-
teries, and violations of the sabbath that occur or are connected with
these places.
11. Thomas W. Harman, attorney, died at Schenectady, formerly a
resident in Albany.
12. Alice Adaline Tallman died, aged 44; wife of Jonathan Tallman.
Ruth Ann Glovenbury died suddenly, suspected to have been
murdered A meteor observed about 11 o'clock in the evening, in
the northwest, which burst with an intonation resembling distant
thunder.
13. Among the bills reported in the Assembly was one for the remo-
val of the capital to New York; one for the construction of a bridge over
the Basin; and one against the construction of a bridge over the Hudson
at Albany Ambrose Spencer died at Lyons, aged 83 he was ma-
;

ny years chief justice of the state, and was regarded as one of the most
distinguished jurists which the country has produced. He was interred
at Albany Lawrence L. Schuyler died, aged 49 A house in
Green street robbed of a box of jewelery valued ?.t $100 Attack
upon Mortimer J. Smith, editor of the Castigator, by several persons,
one of whom struck him in the face with a slung shot.
14. Ameeting of citizens of Watervliet, when several thousand dol-
lars were subscribed towards building a plank road from Albany to the
Mohawk river, with a view to its continuance to Saratoga The
managers of the Married Sociable transmitted to the treasurer of the
Orphan Asylum $304'50, the avails of their ball given on the 7lh in aid
of the funds of that institution A lad robbed the store of Ford 8c
Grant of $30.
15. Cold day; 3 below 0, at 5 o'clock in the morning Philip
Vanderlip died, aged 54 Odd Fellows' Hall, Cooper's Building,
corner Green and State street, dedicated Broadway Theatre rob-
bed of $91 in specie.
17. St. Patrick's day celebrated with unusual ceremonies at the Cath-
olic churches, and by the Hibernian Provident Society Thomas
Lee died, ased 59 David B. Beatson, late of Albany, died in New
York. aged^40.
18. The funeral of Judge Ambrose Spencer took place from St. Pe-
ters church. The procession was one of the most imposing that had
been witnessed in many years Capt. John Cook, of the Artillery,
left the city for the army in Mexico, and was escorted to the depot by
hiscompany.
19.Chapel of the Penitentiary formally dedicated; sermon by Dr.
Wyckoff on the occasion The stores of Ainsworth &, Northrup and
Samuel Carey, in State street, robbed the booty very small
; Rich-
163 Chronicle of Events in Albany.
ard Graves died Mrs. Elizabeth Foot died, aged 44 Henry
Y. Lansing died, aged 29.
20. A farmer from Knox robbed of his pocket book by the ostler of
Lockwood's tavern Capt. B. S. Roberts, of the Mounted Rifles,
who was the first to plant the American flag upon the national palace
of Mexico, and the first to enter the halls of ihe.Montezumas, arrived in
Albany and received calls at the Mansion House Sarah Bay Liv-
ingston died at New York; widow of the late Edward Livingston and
youngest daughter of the late Chancellor Livingston Rebecca
Elizabeth Mix died, aged 22 John Niblock, walking in the eve-
ning i*i Broadway, was assailed and stabbed in both arms.
21. The steam boat Columbia reached Van Wie's Point, six miles
below the city.
22. The ice slipped away quietly, without subjecting us to the usual
annoyance of high water, and the steam boat Admiral arrived during the
day, and left again in the evening for iN'ew York Charles Quacken-
boss died of congestion of the brain, aged 33.
23. Sarah Tompkins died, aged 38.
24. The bill authorising the construction of a bridge across the Basin
at the foot of Slate street, of the full width of the street, and another
for opening a street on the Pier to the same width, passed the Assembly.
26. The leather factory of C. Hepinslall, in Washington street, rob-
bed of a quantity of leather.
27. The steam boat Isaac Newton, on her way up the Hudson, ran down
and sunk a schooner The first tow boat fleet of the season arrived
from New York, consisting of 17 barges, conveyed by the old Commerce,
and laden with spring importations for Albany merchants principally.
The chamberlain reported that the whole expense of medical ser-
vice for the poor since May 1, 1847, was $2,832 12 Amount of busi-
ness done at the Justices' court, for the year ending this day, as follows:
whole number of suits 2,400; amount of fees, $3 300; of which $1,189-83
remained uncollected. Each of the members of the court (three justices
and one clerk) received $527 56; do. the previous year $738'87.
23. The two sections of the democratic party united in the nomina-
tion of Dr. Thomas Hun for Mayor The store of F. P. Malburn in
Lydius street robbed of $20; that of H. Knowlton in Broadway of 75
cents; and an unsuccessful attempt made to enter that of A. B. Brown.
Albany and Cohoes Rail Road bill passed the Senate.
29. Nicholas Van Rensselaer, a soldier of the revolution, died, aged
94. He was with Montgomery at the storming of Quebec; was at Ti-
conderoga, Fort Miller, Fort Ann, and at Bemis's Heights, and was
deputed to convey the intelligence of Burgoyne's surrender to the citi-
zens of Albany A young man of fashionable appearance arrested
for passing counterfeit money.
30. Ahouse in Orange street robbed of a watch by Catharine Tan-
ner The whiss nominated John Taylor for mayor.
31. Anna Maria Tyler died, aged 51; wife of Benjamin 0. Tyler.

APRIL, 1848.
1. William Caldwell, a retired merchant, died, aged 72. His place of
business, in which he succeeded his father, James Caldwell, was at
 Chronicle of Events in Albany. 169
No. 58 State street. Since his retirement, he resided principally at
Caldwell, Lake George, where he had a large estate Margaret
Jane Bell died, aged 21; daughter of Joseph Bell.
3. Isabella Adeline Peckham, died; wife of Rufus H. Peckham, and

daughter of Rev. Win. B. Lacy.

4. John T. Richards died, aged 23 Richard Thompson died,
aged 45.
'5. The dwelling house 21 Green street robbed of a quantity of clothing.
6.. A dwelling robbed of $30 A fire in Chapel street destroyed
a carpenter's shop and the candle factory of Josiah Winants Hon.
Wm. H. Seward delivered an eulogy on the late John Quincy Adams, in
the North Dutch Church A splendid display of aurora borealis.
7. Fire corner Green and Bleecker streets Charles Davis died,
aged 26 Maria Vibbard died, aged 30; wife of Philip G. Vibbard.
8. An attempt to rob William Gibbs, on the Troy road, who defended
himself so well as to escape with his life and money.
9. Caroline Schmidt died, wife of Rev. F. W. Schmidt, pastor of the
German Lutheran Church.
10. The store of James Taylor, corner of Green and South Lansing
streets, robbed of $10 in specie.
11. Charter election, which resulted in the success of the whig can-
didate for mayor, by 129 majority. The vote stood for Taylor 31 15; for
Hun 2977 The legislature appropriated $15,000 for the erection of
an edifice for the State Normal School a sum quite inadequate to the
purpose.
12. The legislature, having sat out its term of one hundred days, pre-
scribed by the new constitution, adjourned at 2 o'clock in the afternoon,
having passed 331 laws.
13. Catharine Douw died, widow of John D. P. Douw Mary
Ann La Grange died, aged 51 Gertrude Van Sanforddied, aged 67.
14. The new steam tug Baltic, intended for the service of the
Albany
Tow Boat Company, came up to take her place in the line A hali-
but, captured off St. George's Bank, weighing upwards of 300 Ibs., dis-
played in the Albany fish market Meeting of Germans, French
and Poles at the National Hotel, to celebrate the establishment of a re-
public in France, and the rapid progress of republicanism throughout
Germany and Europe.
15. The law went into effect prohibiting dogs from running at
large
without muzzles A fire in the vicinity of the Basin above Colo-
nie street, destroyed much property and rendered several families house-
less; loss about $12,000. A riot among the firemen.
18. Meeting of the new board of Common Council for organization.
The following appointments were made: L. D. Holslein, clerk H. H. ;

Hickcox, dep. chamberlain; Hooper C. Van Vorst, attorney; George

W. Carpenter, surveyor; Samuel McElroy, assistant surveyor; Nelson
W. Scovel, marshal; John McBride, overseer of poor; Henry B. Fay
alms-house physician.
19. Cold day; snow fell to a considerable depth, accompanied
by a
piercing wind from the north Mary Jane Wright died, aged 29
wife of Samuel Wright.
20. James Farrell died, aged 78 Garrett Middleton died,
aged
15
 170 Chronicle of Events in Albany.
21. Riot, corner South Pearl and Rensselaer streets two persons
;

broke into the store of Albert Allen, beat and robbed him, and were ar-
rested therefor.
22. Joseph Graham died, aged 35 The Armenia, a new steam
boat, left New York at 7 o'clock in the morning, made the usual land-
ings, and arrived at the dock at 4 o'clock A
fire, supposed to have
been incendiary, consumed the out houses in the rear of 111 Washing-
ton street; 2 horses burnt.
23. Fire on the corner of Dallius and Herkimer streets burnt off' the
roof.
24. Great fires; commenced on the corner of Westerlo and Church
streets, at 4 o'clock in the afternoon, and before it was quelled, destroyed
twenty buildings on Church, Westerlo, Dallius and John streets, and
among them the Free Missionary Protestant Church. Loss estimated
at $30,000. This fire was hardly subdued, before another broke out
about 10 o'clock in the evening, near the corner of Green and Beaver
streets, which destroyed about twenty more buildings, valued at more
than $60,000 Margaret Yates died; wife of Benjamin Yates.
25. The store of Burrows & Nelligar, corner South Pearl and Plain
streets, robbed of $28 William Hamburgh died, aged 20.
26. Chester Moore died of apoplexy, aged 55 Sarah Dodge died,
aged 83; widow of Edmond Dodge Catharine M. Van Buren
died, aged 30 ;
wife of S. G. Van Buren.
27. Elizabeth Whalen died, aged 64; wife of Jeremiah Whalen.
28. Jewish Synagogue, Beth Jacob, in Fulton street, consecrated.
Great meeting at the Capitol of the friends of progressive liber-
ty, to congratulate
on the recent movements in Europe.
29. Jane McNaughton died, wife of Peter McNaughton The
Carlton House, corner of South Pearl and State street, took fire, and
narrowly escaped destruction; loss about $1000 A tw o story frame
r

house, corner of Centre and Colonie streets, took fire about 9 o'clock
and was partially destroyed Ten Eyck's soap and candle factory
in Green street took fire about 10 o'clock About 1 o'clock the
Carlton House was again on fire, but was soon extinguished At
11 o'clock in the evening, a fire was discovered in John street, which
consumed a shed and stable ; a horse was badly burnt The coro-
ner and four men going in a wagon to hold an inquest on the body of a
man drowned, were precipitated down the embankment of a canal
bridge above the Patroon's mansirn, and the whole party so severely
injured, that another coroner was called to officiate A portion of
the walls of the Westerlo street church, which was burnt at the late
fire, were blown down by the high wind, i.nd buried two boys.
30. Acarpenter shop on the Patroon's creek burnt The Dundee
Warehouse, corner S. Pearl and Division street, set on fire in the base-
men t Mary Maher died, aged 60; wife of James Maher
Sarah Schuyler died, widow of liarmanus P. Schuyler.

MAY, 1848.

J. The Common Council made the annual appointments of watchmen,

and offered a standing reward of $100 for the dis-
street-inspectors, &c.,
covery of any person engaged in setting fire to any building in the city.
 Chronicle of Events in Albany. 171
2. James Foster died, aged 62 Elizabeth M. Osbrey died, aged
28; wife of William L. Osbrey.
3. Caroline Smith, accused of stealing a child, having several times
escaped the hands of justice, was finally tried and convicted, and sen-
tenced to three years imprisonment at Sing Sing.
4. A fire 9t 2 o'clock in the morning destroyed two houses and a stable
in Denniston street, and burnt three horses. Two robberies were com-
mitted at the same time Betsey Bently died, aged 80; widow of
Capt. Randall Bentley. James Gough died, aged 37.
5. The house corner of Broadway and Lumber streets burnt at 1
o'clock in the morning The steam boats Alida and Hendrik Hud-
son left New York at 7 o'clock in the morning, and arrived at Albany,
the former at 2 o'clock 55 minutes, and the latter 15 minutes after, hav-
ing made but one landing on the way up. The time made by the Alida
was as follows Caldwell 9h. 7m.; West Point, 9h. 34m. Newburgh,
: ;

9h. 55iw. Poushkeepsie lOh. 40m. (landed 2lm.); Hyde Park 11*.;
; ;

Catskill, 22/i. 31m. Athens, 12A. 42m. Albany, 2h. 55i. The two
; ;

boats not more than 15m. apart during the whole eight hours, with an
ebb tide.
6. Peter Drum died, aged 45.
8. Steam propeller Albany arrived from Hartford, intended for freight
and passengers; length 140 feet, burden 240 tons; built in Philadelphia,
Alfred Wickes died, aged 30.
9. Mrs. Merrifield, wife of Richard Merrifield, died.. , ,
Meeting. . ,

of the friends of Ireland at the City Hall; adopted a constitution, and

elected officers, John Tracy in the chair; Robt. Higgins and Matthew
Jordan, secretaries; Wm. Hawe, treasurer.
10. Hannah Vosburgh died, aged 82 George W. Gardner died,
aged 35 Nearly 1000 Swiss emigrants arrived by the morning
boats, on their way to Wisconsin.
11. Store of Daniel Brown, corner Broadway and Colonie streets, rob-
bed of $10 cash and other articles Abram Pittinger died, aged 47.
12. High water; a rise of 5 feet in 17 hours; docks overflowed..

William
Newton of Albany died at Vera Cruz, aged 24.
13. The Albany and Cohoes Rail Road
Company elected its officers.
Two frame houses in Centre street destroyed by fire Levi
S. Hoffman died, aged 45 ..... .Ann Taylor died, wife of Robert Taylor.
14. Severe frost, which nipt many tender buds., ,,., .Edmund
Hall,
arrested for a robbery committed the night previous,
15. The Board of Trade commenced operations in the rotunda of the
Exchange The camphene store of S. T. Thorn, in Church street,
took fire, which communicated with twenty-five other buildings before
it was arrested. A Dutch immigrant lost $1450 in gold, his all.
16. The store of George Dexter, 57 State street, robbed of $25,
17. Two fires occurred, attended with small damage.
18. William A. McKown died, aged 39.
19. An attempt made to fire the buildings between Philip and Grand
streets without success. Michael Henley died,
20. The office of Joy & Monteath, on the Dock, robbed of $8 in change,
and over $300 in counterfeit money which had accumulated during
several years business.
23. Hazeltine's store in Washington street robbed of
$60; also the
of Joseph Dayjs in State street robbed of several dollars,
172 Chronicle of Events in Albany.
24. The store of Daniel Fry robbed of $25, William B. Emer-
son died, aged 36.
29. David Newland's house, 456 Broadway, took fire; damage small.
30. A sportsman's club organized, at a meeting of citizens at the
Broadway House; having for its object the observance of the law for
the preservation of game.
31. John G. Russ drowned in the basin, in attempting to get on board
a canal boat; his wife and children were present at the occurrence
Business of the Justices' Court for the month of May; suits commenced,
270; amounts received for costs, $194.12; amount outstanding, $115.
A frost at some places near the city.

JUNE, 1848.
1. Capt. Edward Whitney died, aged 49 Mary Schuyler died,
aged 63; widow of Samuel Schuyler Elizabeth Garretson died.
2. Cowell's store on the dock broken open, and robbed of $15
James C. Mull, stabbed several days previously by an insane man, died
of his wounds.
3. Shoe store of William Fossard broken open and robbed of boots
and shoes.
4. Matthew Gregory died, aged 91; he was an officer of tho revolu-
tion, and one of the few survivors of the ancient order of Cincinnati.
He came to this city soon after the war, was successful in business,
and retired with an ample fortune.
5. The Albany County Court entertained an application for the in-
corporation of the village of Cohoes, under the act of 1847. The village
contains an area of 1| square miles, and has a population of 4,200 in-
habitants.
6. A barn burnt on Arbor Hill ;
a battle with paving stones between
a crowd of boys, for the honor of drawing a hose cart.
7. The great menagarie of Sands, Lent & Co., entered the city, pre-
senting a pageant of some interest. The huge gilded chariot, drawn by
four large elephants, contrasted singularly enough with the Liliputian
chariot, drawn by eight Shetland ponies.
12. The store of Mr. Van Heusen. corner of Broadway and Bleecker
street, broken open, and a quantity of butter carried off. .
. . The Com-
mon Council refused to grant $250 towards defraying the expenses of
the Fourth of July Celebration, whereat much wrath and indignation
was enkindled.
16. A fire in the charcoal vault of the Delavan House, which was ex-
tinguished with small damage.
17. A large building, supposed to he set on fire, situated between
North Pearl and Ten Broeck streets, was burnt The Pearl Street
House burnt Andrew Lloyd died, aged 74 Abby M. Dela-
van died, aged 47 wife of Edward C. Delavan.
;

22. Datus E. Frost's provision store, corner of Lydius and Swan streets,
destroyed by fire, occasioned by the explosion of a camphene lamp.
The firemen had a riot on the corner of State and Pearl streets. The
walks and streets were plentifully sprinkled with bricks and stones, on
the following morning, and the doors and windows of the houses in the
vicinity, presented indellible marks of the force with which the missiles
were hurled.
 Chronicle of Events in Albany. 173
25. An attempt was made to break into the grocery store, corner of
North Pearl and Van Schaick streets, but a series of difficulties inter-
posed render the enterprise unsuccessful.
to
26. Anna Garrison died, aged 97.
27. A meeting in the park, announced by the blaze of tar and the roar
of cannon, to respond to the nomination of Taylor and Fillmore.
29. Anna Matilda Visscher died.
30. James Lightbody died, aged S3.

JULY, 1848.
1. Elizabeth Campbell died, aged 18.
2. Corner stone of the Catholic Cathedral laid, on the corner of Eagle
and Lydius streets, by Bishop Hughes Charles Sayles died, aged
70.
4. The national holiday celebrated -with its usual accompaniments,
but with an unwonted sullenness. on account of what was deemed an
overweening parsimony on the part of the Common Council in with-
holding supplies for ammunition, ad libitum The remains of Capt.
Abraham Van OLinda arrived in the morning, from Mexico, and were
escorted to the City Hall.
5. Twentieth anniversary of the Albany Female Seminary, under
Rev. Mr. Garfield.
7. The funeral honors to the remains of Capt. Van OLinda were per-
formed. The eulogy by Col. John Sharts A man killed by an
accident, while laying the foundation of the Cathedral, in Lydius street.
John Summers died.
8. As an instance of commercial despatch quite extraordinary, the
steam propeller Mohawk arrived from Hartford in the morning, was
unladen, took in about 300 tons of freight, mostly com, and sailed on
her return the same evening.
9. Catharine Staats died, aged 65; wife of William N. Staats

Bridget English died, wife of~Palnck English.

11. Canal Bank closed by order of the comptioller, and a commission
issued to investigate its concerns Splendid display of aurora bo-
realis in the evening Seventh anniversary of the Alumnae of the
Albany Female Academy.
13. The workmen engaged in laying gas pipes in Broadway, above
Steuben street, came in contact with the foundation of the ancient man-
sion of Gen. Ten Broeck, which half a century ago stood across Broad-
way at that point. At the time it was built it was outside of the city
walls or palisades The Boston City Guards arrived, as the guests
of the Albany Burgesses Corps, by whom they were received and es-
corted Enthusiastic meeting of the Friends of Ireland at the Capi-
tol, Hon. Erastus Corning presiding. There was universal sympathy
for the cause of Ireland, in view of the expected outbreak in that coun-
try, for freedom from British dominion The store of Lehrberg &
Lederer, in south Broadway, robbed of $1,500 worth of silks.
14. This, it is believed, was the first day of the discontinuance of the
Sunday train of cars west George S. Brown died, aged 38.
15. Anna T. Gough died, wife of John T. Gough.
16. Garret Hogan died, aged 65. He had filled the offices of county
174 Chronicle of Events in Albany.
treasurer, deputy sheriff, and varions other places of trust, with great
fidelity and zeal for the public interest. He resigned the office of se-
cretary of the Albany County Mutual Insurance Company, on account
of ill health, some time before his death, the business of which he had
conducted with faithfulness nearly eight years.
17. The steam boat Oswego arrived from New York with a fleet of 5
barges and 24 Jake boats in tow. all heavily laden Upwards of
300 men engaged in the construction of a new depot to accommodate
the increasing trade between this city and Boston. Its dimensions are
750 feet by 133 feet; believed to be the largest building in the United
States.
19. Feast of St. Vincent observed at St. Joseph's Church,
by the cele-
braiion of the pontifical high mass by Bishop McCloskey, and the pane-
gyric of St. Vincent was delivered by Rev. Dr. McCaffrey, of Maryland.
The Rev. Benj. N. Martin was installed pastor of ihe Fourth
Presbyterian Church. The Rev. E. N. Kirk and the Rev. Mr. Fisher of
Cincinnati, former pastors of the church, officiated on the occasion
Meeting of the Barnburners at the Capitol, to respond to the nomina-
tion of Martin Van Buren for president; Dr. Barent P. Staats in the
chair.
18. Dr. Henry McHarg died aged 23
,
William Long died, aged
62 Henry R. Gossman died at Cayuga Bridge, aged 28 formerly ;

of Albany Ann Kilkenny died, aged 29; wife of Francis Kilkenny.

20. John Leonarddied, aged 18.
21. Anabortive attempt to fire the Tivoli Rail Road ?rlills, at the
upper end of Broadway About 700 recruits passed through the
city in the morning, destined for the newly acquired territory in Mexico.
24. Sarah Juslina Fassett died, aged 23.
25. Company H, 1st Regiment New York Volunteers, Capt. Farns-
worth, arrived on board the Hendrik Hudson, and were gallantly re-
ceived by the several military companies of the city, consisting of the
Albany Republican Artillery, Albany Burgesses Corps, Emmet Guards,
Van Rensselaer Guards, and Washington Riflemen. Capt Farnsworth
succeeded to the command on the death of Van OLinda. Of the 70 pri-
vates who left the city, but 45 returned.
28. Anniversary of the district schools. The pupils assembled in
the Capitol Park, to the number of upwards of 2000, and walked in
procession to Kane's Walk, corner of South Pearl and Westerlo streets,
where appropriate exercises were held.
29. John S. Vandervolgen died.
30. Cornelius Alexander died A robber assaulted alady in the
street, who was accompanied by another lady and a gentleman, and
wrested from her hand a purse of money and a ring valued at $20, with
which he fled and eluded pursuit.
31. A new organ of great power, recently placed in the Middle Dutch
Church, was opened for public inspection. It was the largest in the city,
and cost $4,000 A meeting at the Capitol of the friends of Ireland,
the mayor in the chair Great rain storm at night, which damaged
streets and houses. Nearly 2 inches of rain fell, about a week's supply
in a rainy season The steam boat Oregon, on her trip down the
river, came in contact with a sloop, by which several of her berths were
stove in, and a young lady in one of them injured.
 Chronicle of Events in Albany. 175

AUGUST, 1848.

1. Judge Harris robbed of his pocket book containing $300. at the

rail road depot; the robber was immediately arrested Jacob
Featherly died, aged 45 Elizabeth Demming died, aged 17.
2. Jeremiah Smith died, aged 88.
3. Mariah Hallenbake died, aged 21; wife of Christopher Hallenbake.
4. The store 58 state street robbed of a large quantity of silks and
other articles of dry goods The police officers arrested Lewis
Van Cord at his house, and found in his possession a large quantity of
stolen goods Margaret Bryan died, aged 24 John Glass fell
from a tow boat and was drowned.
6. Charlotte Hoard died, aged 84 widow of Jonathan Hoard, a rev-
;

olutionary soldier.
8. Four military companies arrived from New York as the guests of
the Emmet Guards. They were accompanied by Lothian's Band; and
having extended their visit to the Watervliet Arsenal, and Troy, returned
by the evening boat to New York.
10. Dr. Jonathan Eights died at his residence, corner North Pearl
and Columbia streets, aged 75. He practiced his profession in this city
nearly half a century, with distinguished skill and success, and was
universally esteemed and respected William Updike died of pa
ralysis, aged 34 Mary Jane Van Buren died, aged 22.
12. Thos. Sullivan, a deaf mute, run over by the Troy rail road train
and killed.
13. James Aiken died of
paralysis, aged 59.
14. A man
convicted of stealing a pair of hor-es from Chauncey Dex-
ter, was sentenced to three years in the state prison.
15. Dr. Morrell made an ascension in a balloon from the Mineral
Spring Garden in Ferry street. The ropes were cut about 5 o'clock in
the afternoon, and the balloon rose majestically, and took a notherly
direction Thomas Maher, aged 8 years, was drowned in the pond
at the head of Canal street, formed by the pent up waters which for-
merly supplied the Foxen kill. This was the sixth life lost in the pond
during two years.
17. The Gr ^at Fire. It broke out in a small shed adjoining the Al-
bion Hotel, (-/rner of Broadway and Herkimer streets, said to have been
occasion':,! by a washerwoman's bonnet. The flames spread with great
rapiuily before a strong south wind, taking in their course both sides of
Broadway and Church street, and crossing to the Pier, swept every
thing down as far as the cut at the foot of Maiden lane. The large
buildings in the vicinity of the Eagle Tavern, presented a temporary
barrier to the flames, which having passed, they swept on as far as the
corner of Hudson street. The wind then suddenly shifted to the north,
and drove the fire in an opposite direction. At night it commenced
raining, which rendered the buildings less combustible, and assisted in
staying the conflagration. Besides the great number of buildings con-
sumed, vast quantities of every kind of property perished with them.
The losses of the insurance companies was full half a million, and the
whole loss could not have been much short of three millions of dollars,
contained in about 600 houses. The exact area burnt over, including
Basin and Pier, was 37 acres, about one-thirtieth of the whole city. It
176 Chronicle of Eve7its in Albany.
extended 700 feet west from the river on Herkimer street, 350 on Dal-
lius, running northwardly 900 feet on Union street, continuing in the
;

same direction 300 feet east on Hudson, and 1600 on Quay street, run-
;

ing south. This was the most densely populated part of the city
Robert Harvey died, aged 48.
19. The store of Matthews Brown, corner of Chapel and Canal street
robbed of $30 The firemen had a riot in South Pearl and State
streets, as they were returning from a false alarm of fire, and several
persons who took no part in the affray were severely injured.
20. The sleeping apartment of Mr. Joseph Parker was robbed of $250
and a gold watch.
21. The Common Council ordained that no wooden building, or build,
ing wholly or partially covered with wood, should thereafter be erected
in any part of the city of Albany, east of Lark street; and that every
eaves trough, cornice and gutter should be made of metal or other in-
combustible material.
22. Isaac Brown died at Somerville, N. J., aged 49 ; formerly a hard-
ware merchant in Albany.
23. Eliza Salisbury died, age! 28 ;
wife of William Salisbury
Benjamin P. Gregory, formerly of Albany, died at Jersey city, aged 43.
25. Betsey McCarty died, aged 21.
26. Whig meeting called at the Capitol on the receipt of Gen. Tay-
lor's letter, accepting the nomination of the democrats of Charleston,
S. C., to run on their ticket with Gen. Butler. Great indignation was
expressed at this unexpected turn of things, and the disposition pre-
vailed to throw the General overboard; but it was wisely determined to
postpone the act to Monday night James Hanley, shot at the riot
of the 19th, died of the wound after a week of intense suffering.
27. Perry Tucker died, aged 47.
28. The Common Council decided to improve the burnt district by
widening and straightening the streets, and raising the grade of Broad-
way between Hamilton and Lydius streets Adjourned indignation
meeting of the whigs at the Capitol, convened to digest the Taylor and
Butler nomination at Charleston, S. C. It was decided that the alarm
of Saturday evening was groundless, and that there was no danger to
be apprehended from the circumstance of Gen. Taylor having accepted
a democratic nomination.
30. Explosion of a steam boiler at the furnace of Ransom & Co., by
which a portion of the roof and wall was blown off, and four of the
workmen severely injured.

SEPTEMBER, 1848.
1. Col. Robert E.Temple returned to the city from the Mexican
campaign John Hunt, forger of a check on the Exchange Bank
for $1805, in November last, was arrested and committed for trial
George Eugan died of wounds received by the fall of the draw at the
Boston Ferry two weeks before.
2. Mrs. Elizabeth Van Schaack died, aged 42 wife of John Van
;

Schaack.
3. Rev. Elias Vanderlip died, aged 84. He was the patriarch of the
Methodist Episcopal Church in this city. He was born at Carl's Neck,
 Chronicle of Events in Albany. 177
Staten Island, Feb. 10, 1765, and left fatherless at an early age. When
the British took New York, he was apprenticed to the shoe-making
business. In 1787, he became a convert in the M.E. Church. In 1792,
he first began to exhort. In 1796, he settled in Albany and opened a
shoe store, but lost all his stock by fire he was then invited to Nis-
;

kayuna (now Watervliet) to preach. In 1800, he was ordained a deacon,

and his first appointment was to Pittsfield circuit in 1802. In 1804, he
was ordained an elder. In 1805, his name was put down for Albany.
He preached from 1805 to 1836, when he was obliged by old age to
desist. In April last he was laid upon his bed with a broken thigh, from
which, with the frosts of years thick upon him, and fearless of death,
his immortal spirit winged its flight to a better world.
5. Althia A. Loveland died; a pupil of the Normal School from Frank-
lin, Delaware county Mary Relay died, aged 86 ; widow of Rob-
ert Relay.
7. Hon. John C. Spencer, of Albany, delivered the Address before
the State Agricultural Society, at its annual fair, in Buffalo.
9. Fire in the building north of the Mansion House, which was burnt
out, leaving the walls standing. The jewelary store of Mulford & Wen-
dell, the clothing store of Robert Freeman, the large law library of
Samuel Stevens, and the Daguerreotype Rooms of Gavit, besides law offi-
ces, work shops and store rooms, were considerably injured before they
could be removed, or entirely consumed. Loss about $12.000, mostly
insured The receipts of the Albany and Boston rail road, for the
week ending this day, were $17,000 for passengers alone, being the
largest sum received from that source in any one week since the opening
of the road.
12. The new steam ferry boat, T. W. Olcott. commenced running at
the Albany and Boston Rail Road Ferry Barney Flinn died, aged
34; a volunteer in the company under Col. Temple.
13. Nomination of Gen. John A. Dix, by the Barnburner or Free Soil
convention at Utica, for the office of governor of the state The
house of A. McCowan robbed of money and jewelery.
14. Frost ; fires necessary in the morning. . . . Annual exhibition of the
Albany and Rensselaer Horticultural Society, at the Geological Rooms.
Meeting of the Clay whigs at the Capitol, when it was resolved
to abandon Taylor, and adopt Henry Clay, and attempt to carry his
lection Meeting of the rail road companies at Utica, when it was
resolved to reduce the fare between Albany and Buffalo to $9 75, being
an average of 3 cents a mile Elizabeth Wadsworth died, aged 73.
15. Fire in the wooden building, corner of South Pearl and Hamilton
street; damage small Elizabeth Somers died, aged 48 ; widow of
the late John Somers.
18. The Common Council resolved to extend the area of the steam-
boat landing south to Lydius street.
19. The members of the city corporation proceeded in a body to Con-
gress Hall to pay their respects to Gen. Worth On the opening of
the Mayor's court the grand jury came in with thirty indictments with-
out having finished their business. There were 170 criminal cases on
the calendar before The last remittance from the New
York re-
lief committee to the sufferers by the fire in Albany, amounting in the
whole to $12,035 A ship carpenter by the name of Paul, while
178 Chronicle of Events in Albany.

engaged at work on a boat, fell into the Basin and was drowned
Flour $5-75 to $5'87; wheat $1'30; oats 34 cents.; pork $13. There-
ceipts by canal this day were: flour 6,236 bushels; ashes 47 do; whis-
key, &c. 7,600 gallons; corn, 3,296 bushels; barley 2.755; oats 7,246;
wheat 4,943; peas and beans 225; clover and grass seed 1.100 Ibs.; but-
ter 49,520; cheese 20,262; wool 1,527 Sarah Winne died, agedSOj
widow of Kilian I. Winne Elizabeth Loucks died, aged 63; wife
of John H. Loucks Esther S. Meech died, aged 20.
20. Henry Z Whitney died, aged 23.
21. The seventh semi-annual examination of the State Normal School,
when 96 pupils graduated.
22. Snow on the neighboring hills The heavy iron rail on the
Mohawk and Hudson Rail Road being completed, an experimental trip
was made with three cars, resting upon india rubber springs, and drawn
by the Mohawk locomotive, built by McQueen. The trip was performed
in 30 minutes, and the return trip in 24 minutes, being at the rate of
42 miles an hour.
23. Dr. Christopher C. Yates died at Parishborough, Nova Scotia; he
was originally from Albany, and took a very active and decided part in
the controversy on the great question of the origin and treatment of
yellow fever John W. Lightbody died, aged 26.
25. Robert Sutton and Chauncey Van Lew, two notorious rogues,
escaped from jail and eluded pursuit William R. Cantine died,
a^ed 49 Thomas Flood died, aged 39.
26. Meeting at the Capitol of the old Hunkers, to ratify the state no.
minations. R. W. Peckham, Esq., and Mike Walsh were the principal
orators, and the consumption of tar was enormous!
27. First heavy frost of the season, which had been unusually cold,
with rain 13 days ..Thomas Gale died, aged 28 Peter H.Hil.
ton died Abraham T. Evertsen died, aged 41 Hannah Ten
Eyck died, wife of William Ten Eyck.
28. Convention of Antirenters, who nominated Gen. John A. Dix for
governor and George W. Patterson for lieutenant governor.
29. Ellen Ann Graham died, aged 18.
30. Two persons returning from market at night were attacked
without provocation, and severely beaten by three ruffians, who escaped
detection The boarding house 659 Broadway robbed by a young
man who got access under pretence of taking board.. , ,. , .David Hemp*
hill died, aged 39.

OCTOBER, 1848.
2. At a meeting of the Common Council, the committee on the re-
organization of the Fire Department reported in favor of paying firemen
$30 per annum, and appointing a chief engineer, with a salary of $700,
to devote his time to the duties
wholly appertaining to his office
Matthew Clerton died, aged 73.
3. The shoe store of Jacob Lansing in Broadway robbed of a quantity
of boots.
4. Jane Van Schaack died; widow of the late Nicholas Van Schaack.
The dwelling house of Elijah Simmons, in Pearl street, robbed
of $40.
5. The county convention of whigs nominated John 1i. Schoplcraft
 Chronicle of Events in Albany. 179
for congress, and James Kidd for county treasurer Saran Ann
Holliday died, aged 33; wife of James Holliday Elizabeth Dele-
hant, aged 32; wife of Andrew Delehant.
6. Flour, $5-50 to $5-87; buckwheat, $2' 12; wheat, $1'27; corn, 67;
barley, 71 to 74.
7. Trotting match on the Troy road for a purse of $200. Jack Ros-
siter and Lady Moscow were the only competitors; the former won all
three heats; time 2'3S, 2'39, 2 37. After which Ferguson and McGovern
had a two mile foot race for a purse of $30. Ferguson took it in 11.27
minutes The grand jury came into court with the following in-
dictmenls: burglary in the first degree, 3; assault and battery, 6; as-
sault and battery on an officer, 1; grand larcency, 3; obtaining property
tinder false-pretences, 1 indecent exposure, 2; passing counterfeit money,
;

2; robbery, 1; sealed, 10.

8. F. W. Ingmire
ordained as a minister of the gospel at the Pearl
Street Baptist Church Afire destroyed a barn in South Lansing
street William Maternaghan, an auctioneer, long in the employ
of J. I. Jones, found drowned in the river below the city John A.
Wilson died, aged 51.
9. Attempt to rob Newton's clothing store The steamboat Os-
wego reached the dock with 36 boats in tow 13 barges and 23 lakers.
;

10. The drug and medicine store of Burrows &. Nelligar robbed; the
only booty was a few pennies The Albany Burgesses Corps elect-
ed their officers for the ensuing year.
11. Hunt, alias Webb, convicted and sentenced to five years imprison.
ment, for a forgery on the Exchange Bank William K. A msden
died, aged 28.
13. John Gibson assaulted James Galvin with a knife, in Broadway,
at 7 o'clock in the evening Robert Lyle, a native of Scotland, died.
Catharine Carey died, aged 23.
14. The steam propeller Hartford made her first landing here; in-
tended to run in connection with the Albany, between this city and
Hartford; being the third steam packet plying between the two cities.
Her capacity about fifty tons greater than the Albany.
15. A fire destroyed the steam saw mill of Clement Warren in Water
Street, corner of Quackenbush, a large quantity of lumber adjoining,
and the fur shop of George C. Treadwell. Loss about $10.000
Another fire, in the basement of the Baptist Church in South Pearl
street, during service; did but little injury Riot in the evening at
a shanty in the burnt district.
16. Elvenah C. Anderson died, aged 16 Harriet Booth died,
aged 21... Mrs. Prudence White died, aged 60.
17. Robbery of the house No. 1 Phrenix Place Mrs. Ann Bas-
sett died at Penn Yan, aged 86; widow of the Rev. John Bassett, for-
merly pastor of the Reformed Protestant Dutch CLurch in Albany
Mrs. Almira Barnard died, aged 55.
20. James Keeler died at Summit, Wisconsin, aged 76; forty years a
resident in Albany.
22. Arthur Quinn died, aged 36.
23. The rail road train from Buffalo, under the new arrangement,
came through in 17 hours; the usual time was 24 hours; a gain of nearly
one third James Butler died, aged 40.
180 Chronicle of Events in Albany.
24. Sale of Dutch Church lots on Snipe, Knox, and Sand streets, at
$32.50 to $37.50 each- James Frazer died, aged 52.
26. The hall corner of Green and Beaver streets, fitted up for the use
of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, was dedicated with appro-
priate ceremonies.
27. The iron cover of the great tank belonging to the gas company,
in the process of erection in the north part of the city, fell about 2 o'-
clock, while more than 30 persons were at work upon it, by which one
was killed, and others severely injured. The damage sustained by the
company was about $1,000 Giles Fredericks killed lay the acci-
dent at the gas works Catharine Foy died, aged 50; wife of Philip
Foy.
29. A fire took in the basement of No. 8 Green street, which destroy-
ed the building. Loss $20,000 The stable and slaughterhouse
of James A.Putnam, on Arbor Hill, burnt George L. Thomas
shot by Jane Elizabeth Britton, in John street Jane Connick died,
aged 72; widow of Andrew Connick Elizabeth Scott died, aged 59.
30. Dense fog; the steam boats due in the morning did not arrive till
4 o'clock in the afternoon. The boats which left this city the day be-
fore, were overtaken by the morning boats George Charles died,
aged 81 Dr. Amos N. Burton died, aged 37.
31. William Duncan Topp died, aged 42.

NOVEMBER, 1848.

Mutual agreement of the jewelers to close their stores at 8 o'clock

1.
in the evening Rev. W. H. Waggoner settled pastor of the Uui-
versalist Church Trotting match on the Troy road, betvreen Jenny
Lind and Mac, which was won by the latter in 2'38.
2. The stables of Judge Gansevoort and Watts Sherman in Washing-
ton street set on fire and consumed in the evening,
3. William Annesley died, aged 81.
4. Whig torch-light procession in the evening, during which several
outrages and serious accidents occurred Barn burnt in the rear of
14 Lumber street.
Rev. B. T. Welch announced to his congregation, the First Baptist
5.
Church, in Pearl street, that he had accepted a call to the Pierpont
street church in Brooklyn
7. Election day; the whig ticket elected by a large majority; on the
presidential electors, the vote stood for Taylor 3473; Cass 1833; Van
Buren 1376 for congress, J. L. Schoolcraft 3318; C. Bouton 1500; B.
;

R. Wood 1351; for assembly, R. H. Pruyn, 1729; H. Rector 558; Amos

Dean 631; Joel A. Wing 1858; Eli Perry 1011; J. R. Van Rensselaer
27; Stewart 727. Connected with the usual balloting, a vote was taken
to get the public sentiment on the scheme of supplying the city with
water at the public expense. The vote for water was 4405; no water 6;
brandy and water strong, 1 By a wonderful achievment of art and
science in the telegraph, the result of the elections in Massachusetts
and other more remote states was pretty certainly known before 9 o'clock
in the evening and within twenty-four hours after the closing of the
:

polls, it was ascertained almost beyond question that Gen. Zachary Tay-
lor was elected president by a large majority of votes.
 Chronicle of Events in Albany. 191
Cold morning; thermometer indicated 15+0. Some of the ponds
10.
in the vicinity frozen over A shanty erected on the burnt district
took fire and was razed to the ground during which a man in attempt-
;

ing to push off a sloop from the dock, fell overboard and was drowned.
Cecilia Williams died in New York; wife of Ezra Williams, and
daughter of the late Sebastian Visscher, of Albany Jeremiah
Wallace died, aged 80.
11. The mayor acknowledged a donation from the Shakers of blankets
to the value of several hundred dollars A snow storm commenced
in the evening Jennet White Autey died, aged 48; wife of Alex.
Auley.
13. Elizabeth Kelley died, wife of Michael Kelley.
18. Fire in the basement of the Jewish Synagogue in Herkimer st.
19. Fire in the bakery corner Union and Hamilton streets.
Snow storm.
20.
Monument erected in
21. the cemetery over the grave of Maj. Lewis
N. Morris, who fell at the battle of Monterey.
22. Christopher Anthony died, aged 25.
and arrived
23. Steam boat Belle left this port with 29 boats in tow,
at New York in 42 hours. The tonnage
of this fleet was 4500, and its
probable value $170,000 Patrick Morrison died, aged 26.
24. Fire in Broad street destroyed three houses and a stable
Uriah Marvin died, aged 79.
25. Silas Houghton, an aged and respected citizen died Mary
Leslie died, aged 53.
26. Joseph S. Clark died, aged 68 Joseph Blake died, aged 39.
27. The common council at a full meeting passed a new fire law, en-
tirely reorganizing the fire department James Hays a news boy, in
attempting to jump from the cars fell under the wheels, and was killed.
The steam boat Belle left the Dock with 39 boats in tow, and
arrived in New York in 46 hours. This was by far the largest number
of boats ever attempted to be towed by one steam boat on the Hudson
river.
28. The Firemen held an indignation meeting at the Capitol, and had
a procession with banners in honor of the new fire law, which was not
framed in consonance with their views and feelings Joseph Rob-
inson died, aged 62 Francis Finnegan died, aged 53.

DECEMBER, 1848.

John Macready robbed the house of P. Maher in Ferry street,

3.
While the family were at tea, but was caught in the street by an officer.
Case of affray and stabbing at the grocery of O'Connell, corner
of Green and Lydius streets.
5. Presidential electors of the state of New York met at the
Capitol
at 4 o'clock afternoon, and having organized, adjourned to the following
day, when they cast their votes unanimously for Zachary Taylor for
president of the United States Wesley Goodwin arrested on the
complaint of his wife for brutal usage towards herself and children,
for which he was sentenced to the Penitentiary one year.. .. ...Alida
Visscher died, aged 82; widow of the late Teunis G. Visscher.
6. Horace Pierce died, aged 42.

16
182 Chronicle of Events in Albany.
7. Great competition between the Isaac Newton and Rip Van Winkle
tteam boats prices of fare to New York 50 cts. to
;
Stable burnt
on the corner of Dove and Spring streets.
8. Margaret Mayer died, widow of the late Frederick G. Mayer.
9. The canals closed by order of the commissioners, in order to pro-
secute ihe enlargement. The weather was still extremely mild, after a
week of rain, and no ice had yet formed either in the canal or river.
Dr. John H. Douglass, an aged and wealthy citizen of Troy, fell
and expired in the Capitol, while attending the comptroller's tax sale.
Beerrnah B. Herner died, aged 35.
10. Elizabeth Van Bergen died Julia Ann Shaw died.
11. Edward Harty died, aged 64.
14. Henry M. Fergusen died, aged 61; Thaddeus Pomeroy died at
Clinton, Mich., aged 30, formerly of Albany.
16. Alhaliah Serviss died, wife of William Serviss.
17. Charles Roarke died, aged 41.
18. Fire in the area of the Carlton House Christiana M. Van-
denburgh died, aged 47; wife of John A. Vandenburgh The store
of James Osborne robbed of a few dollars in change.
20- James Goadby precipitated himself from a third story window
upon the street pavement, in a fit of derangement, which caused his
death.. ./.. .Sarah Beuchanan died, aged 65 James Maroney
drowned in the Canal Basin Rev. W. H. Wagoner installed pastor
over the Universalist charch.
21 Snow; no steam boat left for New York Nancy Lovett died.
John MacNamara died, aged 30.
22. First sleighing Cynthia Webster died at Albion, Orleans
county, aged 78; widow of the late Charles R. Webster of Albany.
23. John Thomas, Jr. died John Timmons, a drayman, killed by
a locomotive in attempting to cross the rail road track before the train.
The cold weather completely closed the river, but the Columbia
forced her way up through the ice.
24. Jane D. Thompson died, aged 80 Harriet Bassett died,
aged 16.
25. Slight fire in the Delavan House David Thomas died.
26. A train arrived from New York by the Housatonic road, which
opened on Christmas for the winter travel, promising to make daily
trips in eight hours, by daylight Fanny Perceval died, aged 50;
wife of George Perceval.
27. Rev. Rutger Van Brunt installed pastor over the Third Reformed
Protestant Dutch Church in Albany; the former pastor, Dr. William H.
Campbell, preached the installation sermon.
23. The river completely shut, no boat having arrived.
29. Jane Ann Boyd died, daughter of the late Peter Boyd.
30. Ceremony of presenting a sword to Gen. Wool took place at the
Capitol. The sword, the sift of the state, valued at $1700, was present-
ed by the governor, John Young, and was in approbation of his distin-
guished services in the war with Mexico Seventy freight cars left
the depot for New York by the Housatonic road.
31. Trinity church, corner of Herkimer and Franklin streets, purchas-
ed by the South Baptist Society, was first used by them for public wor-
ship.
 Cvlony of Rensselaerswyck. 183

THE COLONY OF RENSSELAERSWYCK.

1614 TO 1646.
The Dutch having in 1609 discovered and explored the North river,
which has since taken the name of their navigator, Hudson, a number of
adventurers followed in his track, who pursued a small trade with the
Indians, and made further voyages of discovery along the coast and up
the rivers. The most noted of these were Adrien Block, Hendrick
Corstiaensen and Cornelius Jacobsen Mey, in the year 1614. We com-
pilefrom the valuable History of New Netherland, by Dr. E. B. O'CAL-
LAGHAN, the following account of the progress of the colony of Rensse-
laerswyck for a period of thirty-three years.
Intelligence of the discoveries made by Block and his associates hav-
ing been transmitted to Holland, was received there early in the autumn
of 1614. The united company by whom they had been employed, lost
no time in taking the steps necessary to secure to themselves the exclu-
sive trade of the countries thus explored, which was guarantied to
them by the ordinance of the 27th of March. They sent deputies imme-
diately to the Hague, who laid before the States General a report of
their discoveries, as required by law, with a figurative map of the
newly explored countries, which now, for the first time, obtained the
name of NEW NETHERLAND. A special grant in favor of the interested
parties was forthwith accorded by their High Mightinesses, in the fol-
lowing terms :

" The States General of the United Netherlands to all to whom these
presents shall come, greeting. WHEREAS Gerrit Jacob Witsen, former
burgomaster of the city of Amsterdam, Jonas Witsen and Simon Moris-
sen, owners of the ship called the Little Fox, (het vosje,) Captain Jam
de Witt, master-, Hans Hongers, Paul Pelgrom, and Lambrecht van
Tweenhuysen, owners of the two ships called the Tiger and the For-
tune, Captains Adriaen Block and Hendrick Corstiaensen, masters; Ar-
noudt van Lybergen, Wessel Schenck, Hans Claessen, and Barens
Sweetsen, owners of the ship the Nightingale, (Nochtegael,) Capt. Thuys
Volckertsen, merchant in the city of Amsterdam, master; and Pieter
Clementsen Brouwer, Jan Clementsen Kies, and Cornells Volkertsen
merchants in the city of Hoorn, owners of the ship the Fortune, Capt.
Cornelis Jacobsen Mey, master, have united into one company, and
have shown to us by their petition, that after great expenses and dam-
ages by loss of ships and other perils, during the present year, they,
with the above named five ships, have discovered certain new lands
situated in America, between New France and Virginia being the
sea coasts between 40 and 45 degrees of latitude, and now called NEW
NETHERLAND: "And whereas, they further represent that We did, in
the month of March, publish, for the promotion and augmentation of
commerce, a certain consent and grant, setting forth that whosoever
should discover new havens, lands, places, or passages, should be per-
17
184 Colony of Rensselaerswyck.
mitted exclusively to visit and navigate the same for four voyages, with-
out permitting any other person out of the United Netherlands to visit
or frequent such newly discovered places, until the said discoverers
shall have performed the four voyages, within the space of time pre-
scribed to them for that purpose, under the penalties therein expressed,
c. v and request that We should be pleased to accord to them due testi-

mony of the aforesaid grant in the usually prescribed form :

Wherefore,
the premises having been considered, and We, in our Assembly, having
communication of the pertinent report of the petitioners relative to the
discoveries and finding of the said new countrres between the above-
named limits and degrees, and also of their adventurers, have consented
and granted, and by these presents do consent and grant, to the said
petitioners, now united into one company, that they shall be permitted
exclusively to visit and navigate the above described lands, situate in
America, between New France and Virginia, the seacoasts of which
lie between the 40th and 45th degrees oi latitude, and which are now
named New Netherland, as is to be seen on the figurative maps by
them prepared; and to navigate, or cause to be navigated, the same for
four voyages, within the period of three years, to commence from the
first day of January, 1615, or sooner, without it being permitted, direct-

ly or indirectly, to any one else to sail, to frequent, or navigate, out

of the United Netherlands, those newly discovered lands, havens, or
places, within the space of three years, as above, on penalty of the con-
fiscation of the vessel and cargo, besides a fine of fifty thousand Nether-
lands ducats, for the benefit of said discoverers. Provided, however, that
by these presents we do not intend to prejudice or diminish any of our
former grants and concessions; and it is also our intention that if any
diputes or differences should arise from these our concessions, that they
shall be decided by ourselves. We therefore, expressly command all
governors, justices, officers, magistrates, and inhabitants, of the afore-
said United Netherlands, that they allow said company peacefully and
quietly to enjoy the whole benefit of this our grant, and to interpose no
difficulties or obstacles to the welfare of the same. Given at the
Hague,
under our seal, paraph, and the signature of our Secretary, on the llth
day of October, 1614."
Having thus obtained for themselves the exclusive right to visit and
trade with the countries in America, lying between the fortieth and
forty-fifth degrees of north latitude, of which they strangely claimed to
be the first discoverers, so shortly after Hudson's visit, the above named
merchants, who now assumed the name and title of The United New
Netherland Company, proceeded to make the arrangements necessary to
draw from their new possessions the largest returns. On an island
situated at the head of the navigation, near the west bank of the Manhat-
tan river, now named De Riviere van den Vorst Mauritius, or Prince
Maurice's river, and immediately below the present city of Albany,
they caused a trading house to be erected, thirty-six feet long and
twenty-six feet wide. Around this was raised a strong stockade, fifty
feet square, which was next encirled by a moat eighteen feet
wide, the
whole being defended by two pieces of cannon and eleven stone guns,
mounted on swivels, and garrisoned by ten or twelve men. This post
 Colony of Rensselaerswyck. 185
was placed under the command of Jacob Jacobz Elkens, \rho continued
here four years in the employ of this association, during which time he
was well liked by the natives, with whose language he was thoroughly
conversant. Another fort was erected, under the superintendence of
Corstiaensen, on an elevated spot on the southern extremity of the island
Manhattan, where an insignificant establishment had already existed in
1613, as already stated. Possession was thus taken of the two most
important points on the river, to which the powerful Mohawks, the
fierce Manhatters, and the various other tribes in the neighborhood,
brought their valuable furs to be exchanged for European trinkets and
duffels The post at the mouth of the river was, however, the traders'
head-quarters. Hither annually came the ships of the New Netherland
Company, arid hence was annually exported whatever had been collected
from the Indians, after their hunting season, at the neighboring coasts
and rivers; from the distant castles of the Five Nations to the hunting
grounds of the Minquas. Considerable activity consequently prevailed
among the agents and other servants of the company in pushing trade,
and exploring the adjoining coasts. Runners scoured the woods, in order
to become acquainted with the habits of the Indians, their manner of
dealing, and to establish friendly relations with those tribes to which
the Dutch were not already known.
The Restless having now thoroughly examined the coast as far as
38, and penetrated up the Delaware as far as the Schuylkill, Capt.
Hendrickson returned to Holland in the summer of 1616, from his second
voyage, for the purpose of laying before the managers of the company the
particulars of his explorations. On being presented to the States Gene-
ral, he made a verbal report of his adventures, on the part of his employ-
ers, who, at the same time, petitioned their High Mightinesses, setting
forth that they had, at considerable expense, discovered and explored
certain countries, bays, and three rivers, lying in latitude from 38 to
40, with a small yacht called the Restless, of about eight lasts burden,
commanded by Capt Cornelis Hendricksen, Jr., of Monnichendam,
which yacht the petitioners had built in the aforesaid country. They
thereupon demanded, in conformity with the provisions of the ordinance
of March, 1614. the exclusive privilege of trading thither.
Skipper Hendricksen's report, it is to be regretted, is both meagre and

.brief. After the detail of the preceding discoveries, he described the

country as well wooded with oak, pine, and hickory, which trees he add-
ed, were in some places covered with vines. He stated that he found
in those parts male and female deer, turkeys, and partridges, and that
the climate was as temperate as that of Holland that he had traded
;

for seal and sable skins, furs, and other peltries, with the Minquas, from
whom he had ransomed three of the company's servants, who had left
their employment among the Mohawks and Mohegans, having given,
in exchange for them, beads, kettles, and other merchandise.
Whether it was that the States General were dissatisfied with the small
amount of information furnished in this report, or that other interests had
by this time sprung up, which were anxious to participate in the advan-
tages of the trade to America, or that paramount reasons of puplic policy
influenced their deliberations, their high mightinesses laid this appli-
186 Colony of Rensselaerswyck.
cation on the table, and the exclusive grant to the New Netherland
Company expired, by its own limitation, on the 1st of January, 1618,
in the spring of which year, the breaking up of the ice r and the accom-
panying freshet on the River Mauritius, or North river, did so much
injury to the company's fort
on Castle island, that their servants were
obliged to abandon it, and to remove a few miles south, to the banks of
the Tawalsontha creek, now called the Norman's kill. Here, on a hill,
called by the Indians Tawassgunshee, they erected a new fortification,
and concluded with the great confederacy of the Five Nations a formal
treaty of alliance and peace.
This celebrated Indian confederation was composed of five tribes, namely
the Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondngas, Cayugas, and Senecas, and generally
known by the name of the Iroquois. They inhabited the country bound-
ed on the east by the great River Manhattes and Lake Irocoisia, or
Champlain; on the west by Lake Erie and the River Niagara-, on the
north by Lake Ontario and the Great river of Canada; and on the
south by the country of the Lenni Lenape, or Delawares. When the
Dutch arrived in America, the tribes composing the Five Nations were
at war with the Algonquin, or Canada Indians But the latter having
formed an alliance with the French, who, some years previous to this
date, had commenced the settlement of New France, as Canada was
called, derived such powerful aid from the fire-arms of their European
allies, that the Iroquois were defeated in almost every rencontre with
their ancient enemy. Smarting under the- disgrace of tbese unexpected
repulses, the Iroquois hailed the establishment among them r now of
another European nation familiar with the use of those terrible instru-
ments, which, almost without human invention, scattered death wher-
ever they were directed, and defied the war club and bow and arrow as
weapons of attack or defence. Though jealous by nature, and given to
suspicion, the Indians exhibited none of these feelings towards the new-
comers, whose numbers were too few even to protect themselves or to inflict
injury on others. On the contrary, they courted their friendship, for
through them they shrewdly calculated on being placed in a condition to
cope with the foe, or to obtain that bloody triumph for which they
thirsted. Such were the -circumstances which now led to that treaty of
alliance, which, as the tradition goes, was concluded on the tanks of
the Norman's kill, between the Five Nations and the Dutch.
Nothing could surpass the importance the warlike inhabitants of those
ancients forests attached to the ratification of this solemn treaty. Each
tribe sent its chief as its ambassador to represent it on this occasion.
The neighboring tribes the Lenni Lenape and Mohegans were invited
to attend;
and there in the presence of the earth, their common mother
of the sun, which shed its genial heat on all alike by the murmurs
of that romantic stream, whose waters had been made to flow by their
common Maker from all time, was the belt of peace held fast by the
Dutch and their aboriginal allies, in token of their eternal union. There
was the calumet smoked, and the hatchet buried, while the Dutch traders
declared that they should forthwith erect a church over the weapon of
war, so that it could no more be exhumed without overturning the sa-
cred edifice, and whoever dared do that should incur the resentment of
 Colony of Rensselaerswyck. . 187
the white men. By this treaty the Dutch secured for themselves the
quiet possession of the Indian trade, and the Five Nations obtained the
means to assert that ascen 'ancy which they ever after maintained over the
other native tribes, and to inspire terror far and near among the other
savages of North America."
The West India Company having finally in 1623 concluded its pre-
paratory arrangements, and completed, with the sanction of the States
General, the articles of agreement between the managers and the other
adventurers, lost no time in commencing operations and forming estab-
lishments in New Netherland, which was erected into a province. A
fortified post, called Fort Orange, was commenced on the west bank of
the river Mauritius, as the North jiver was called, a few miles north of
the redoubt which had been erected in 1618 on Tawalsoatha creek, and
thirty-six (Dutch) miles from the Island of Manhattans.
In 1629, a charter of privileges and exemptions was passed for the
encouragement of patroons to settle colonies, and in the following year
several wealthy and influential directors of the Dutch West India
company hastened to avail themselves of its advantages. Bastiaea
Jansen Krol, commissary, and Dierck Cornelissen Duyster, under-
commissary at Fort Orange, having learned that a tract of land called
Sannahagog, lying on the west side of the North river, extending from
Beeren island, by the Indians called Passapenock, up to the Smackx
island, and in breadth two days' journey, was for sale,, purchased the
same from Paep Sikenekomptas, Nancouttanshal, and Sickoussen, the
native proprietors, for Kiliaen van Rensselaer, a pearl-merchant in
Amsterdam, and oae of the directors of the West India Company.
Three momths afterwards, Gillis Hoossett purchased, in the presence of
Jan Jansen Meyndertsen, Wolfert Gerrittsen, and Jan Tyssen, trumpeter,
for the same gentleman, from Cottomack, Nawanemit, Abantzene,
Sagisguwa, and Kanamoack, the lands lying south and north of Fort
Orange, and extending to within a short distance of Moenimines Castle,
then situated on what is now called Haver island, at the mouth of
the Mohawk; and from Nawanemit, one of the last named chiefs,
his grounds, called Semesseeck, stretching on the east side of the
river, from opposite Castle island to a point facing Fort Orange, and
thence from Pretanoek, the Mill creek, north to Negagons. These
conveyances were subsequently ratified by the respective parties, in the
presence of the Director-general and council of New Netherland, who
" sealed with the seal of New Neth-
signed an instrument to that effect,
erland in red wax," on the same day that the charter of 1629 was
proclaimed at Fort Amsterdam. Nearly seven years afterwards namely,
ly, on the 13th April, 1637 an intervening district called Papsickenekaas
or Papsskanea as the name is now pronounced, lying also on the east side
of the river, and extending from opposite Castle island south to the point
opposite Smackx island, and including the adjacent islands and all the
lands back into the interior, belonging to the Indain owners, was purchased
" for certain
quantities of duffels, axes, knives, and wampum," also for
Mr. Van Rensselaer, who thus became proprietor of a tract of country
twenty-four miles long, and forty eight miles broad, containing, as is esti-
mated,, over seven hundred thousand acres of land., which now compose
the counties of Albany, Rensselaer., and part .of the county of Columbia .
188 Colony of Rensselaerswyck.
On the 1st of October 1630, a copartnership was entered into between
Kiliaen van Rensselaer, Samuel Godyn. Johannes de Laet, and Samuel
Bloemmaert, with whom were associated Adam Bissels and Toussaint
Moussart, who, by the terms of the contract, were constituted codirec-
tors, of Rensselaerswyck. The common stock of this association was
divided into five shares, of which Van Rensselaer held two; De Laet,
one; Godyn, one; and Bloemmaert and his associates, one; and the man-
agement of the affairs of the colonie was committed to a board consisting
of four persons or votes, of which Van Rensselaer represented, or held
two; Bloemmaert, or Bissels, one; and De Laet, or Moussart, one. Van
Rensselaer was, however, not to have any rank or authority in the
colonie superior to his associates, except the title of patroon, which, with
all its feudal
honors, was vested in him alone, the partners binding them-
selves to do fealty and homage for the fief on his demise, in the name,
and on the behalf of his son and heirs.
Another association was formed, a few days afterwards, between
Godyn, Van Rensselaer, Bloemmaert, De Laet, Mathias van Cuelen,
Hendrick Hamel, Johan van Harinckhouck, and Nicolaus van Sitterich,
also directors of the West India Company, and Capt. David Pieterssen
de Vries, for planting a colonie on the South river. Equalizing all
expected advantages, they equipped a ship and yacht for that quarter,
where they designed raising tobacco and grain, and prosecuting the
whale-fishery, oil bringing then a fair price in Holland. Preparations
were also made to expedite farmers and cattle to Rensselaerswyck: and
everywhere, at home and abroad, things wore the aspect of prosperity,
and u promised fairlie both to the state and undertakers."
The condition of the Dutch settlements on the North river, at this time,
is thus alluded to by a contemporary English writer: "This which
they
have settled in New England upon Hudson's river, with no extraordi-
nary charge or multitude of people, is knowne to subsist in a comfortable
manner, and to promise fairlie both to the state and undertakers. The
cause is evident: The men whom they carrie, though they be not many,
are well chosen, and known to be useful and serviceable; and they second
them with seasonable and fit supplies, cherishing them as carefully as
their owne families, and employ them in profitable labors, that are
knowne to be of speciall use to their comfortable subsisting." The
Planters' Plea; London, 1630.
^
The inhabitants of Rensselaerswyck in 1640, who numbered at the
time as many traders as individuals, noting the avidity with which the
Mohawks sought after fire-arms, willingly paying the English twenty
beavers for a musket, and from ten to twelve guilders for a pound of
gunpowder, were desirous to share so profitable a trade. They commenced
accordingly, to furnish fire-arms to these Indians. The profits which
accrued became soon known, and traders from Holland soon introduced
large quantities of guns and other munitions of war into the interior.
The Mohawks, thus provided with arms for four hundred warriors, swept
the country from Canada to the
sea-coast, levying tribute on the sur-
rounding terror-stricken tribes.
The charter of 1629 having provided that every colonie should contain,
within four years after its
establishment, at least fiftypersons over fif
Hi
I

Ontario:
 Colony of Rensselaerswyck. 189
teen years of age, one fourth of whom should be located within the
first year, the parties interested in the settlement of Rensselaerswyck
lost no time in complying with these conditions. Early in the spring of
the following year a number of colonists, with their families, and pro-
vided with farming implements, stock, and all other necessaries, sailed
from the Texel, in the company's ship the Eendracht, Capt. Jan Brou-
wer, commander, and arived in safety at the Manhattes, after a passage
of sixty-four days. In a short time afterwards they landed at Fort
Orange, in the vicinity of which they were furnished with comfortable
farm-houses and other dwellings, at the expense of the patroon and his
associates. Other settlers followed, with additional stock, each succeed-
ing season, and thus were laid the foundations of those moral, wealthy,
and prosperous settlements which we now behold in and around the
present city of Albany.
Invested as well by the Roman law, as by the charter, with the chief
command and lower jurisdiction, the patroon became empowered to
administer civil and criminal justice, in person, or by deputy, within
his colonie; to appoint local officers and magistrates; to erect courts, and
to take cognizance of all crimes committed within his limits-, to keep a
gallows, if such were required, for the execution of malefactors, subject
however, to the restriction that if such gallows happened, by any ac-
cident, to fall, pending an execution, a new one could not be erected,
unless for the purpose of hanging another criminal. The right to inflict
punishments of minor severity was necessarily included in that which
authorized capital convictions, and accordingly we find various instances,
throughout the record of the local court, of persons who had, by breaking
the law, rendered themselves dangerous to
society,
or obnoxious to the
authorities, having been banished from the colonie, or condemned to
corporal chastisement, fine, or imprisonment, according to the grade of
their offences.
In civil cases, all disputes between man and man; whether relating
to contracts, titles, possessions, or boundaries; injuries to property, per-
son, or character; claims for rents, and all other demands between the
patroon and his tenants, were also investigated and decided by these
courts; from the judgment of which, in matters affecting life and limb,
and in suits where the sum in litigation exceeded twenty dollars, ap-
peals lay to the director-general and council at Fort Amsterdam. But
the] local authorities, it must be added, were so jealous of this privilege
that they obliged the colonists, on settling within their jurisdiction to
promise not to appeal from any sentence of the local tribunal.
The laws in force here were, as in other sections of New Nelherland,
the civil code, the enactments of the States General, the ordinances of
the West India Company, and of the director-general and council, when
properly published within the colonie, and such rules and regulations as
the patroon and his codirectors, or the local authorities might establish
and enact.
The government was vested in a general court, which exercised exec-
utive, legislative or muncipa], and judicial functions, and which was
composed of two commissaries, (gecommittcerden;) two councillors,
styled indiscriminately raetspersoonen, gerechts-persoonen, or raedts-
190 Colony of Rensselaerswyck.
vrienden, or schepenen, and who answered to modern justices of the peace.
Adjoined to this court were a colonial secretary, a sheriff, or, schout
fiscaal, and a Gerechts-bode, court messenger, or constable. Each of
these received a small compensation, either in the shape of a fixed salary
or fees; the commissaries and magistrates, fifty, one hundred, or two
hundred guilders annually, according to their standing; the secretary
one hundred guilders; and the court messenger one hundred and fifty,
with the addition of trifling fees for the transcript and service of papers.
The magistrates of the colonie held office for a year, the court appointing
their successors from among the other settlers, or continuing those already
in office, at the expiration of their term of service, as it deemed proper.
The most important functionary attached to this government was,
as throughout the other parts of the country, the schout-fiscaal, who,
in discharge of his public functions, was bound by instructions received
from the patroon and codirectors, similar in tenor to those given to the
same officer at the Manhattans. No man in the colonie was to be sub-
ject to loss of life or property unless by the sentence of a court composed
of five persons, and all who were under accusation were entitled to a
speedy and impartial trial. The public prosecutor was particularly
enjoined not to receive presents or bribes, nor to be interested in trade or
commerce, either directly or indirectly; and in order that he might be
attentive to the performance of his duties, and thoroughly independent,
he was secured a fixed salary, a free house, and all fines amounting to
ten guilders [ $4 ], or under, besides the third part of all forfeitures and
amends over that sum, were his perquisites.
Jacob Albertsen Planck was the first sheriff of Rensselaerswyck. Ar-
endt van Curler, who originally came out as assistant commissary, was
appointed, soon after his arrival, commissary-general, or superintendent
of the colonie, and acted as colonial secretary until 1642, when he was
succeeded by Anthony de Hooges. Brant Peelen, Gerrit de Reus, Cor-
nelis Teunissen van Breuckelen, Pieter Cornelissen van Munickendam,
and Dirck Janssen were, if not the first, at least among the earliest
magistrates of the settlement.
The population of the colonie consisted at this remote period of three
classes. Freemen, who emigrated from Holland at their own expense;
farmers and farm-servants, who were sent out by the patroon, who judi-
ciously applied his large resources in promoting the early settlement of the
country, and in assisting the struggling industry of his people. To
accomplish this laudable object, a number of farms were set off, on both
sides of the river and adjoining islands, on which he caused dwelling-
houses, barns, and stables to be erected. These farms were suitably
stocked with cows, horses, or oxen, and occasionally, sheep; and fur-
nished with ploughs, wagons, and other necessary agricultural imple-
ments., ail which preliminary expenses were defrayed by the proprietor so
that the farmer entered on the property unembarrassed by the want of capi-
tal, which often tends to impede the progress of settlers in new countries.
Some of those farms were then valued, and an annual rent was fixed,
equivalent in some sort to the interest of the capital expended on their
improvement, and payable semi-annually in grain, beavers, and wampum.
Other farms were let out on halves, or for the third of their produce; the
 Colony of Rensselaerswyck. 191

patroon was entitled, at the same time, to half the increase from the
stock, reserved to himself one-tenth of the produce of each farm; and
in various instances Stipulated for a yearly erkentenis, or acknowledge-
ment, of a few pounds of butter. The tenant was privileged, however
to compound, by the payment of a fixed annual sum for the tenths of
the farm, or for his halves or thirds. He was bound, at the same time,
to keep the fences, buildings, or farming- implements, in repair, and to
deliver them up in the same good order in which he had received them,
subject in all cases to ordinary wear and tear, but the patroon bore all
risks of destruction of the buildings, cattle and other property which
might accrue from war, or misunderstanding with the Indians. Wild
or unimproved land was usually leased for a term of ten years free of
rent or tenths, subject, however, to be improved by the lessee, all im-
provements falling to the patioon on the expiration of the lease. In
addition to the facilities above enumerated, each of the settlers, on "leav-
ing Holland, were, like those sent by the West India Company to the
Manhattans, generally furnished with clothing and a small sum in cash,
the latter to be repaid, at some future occasion, in produce or wampum,
with an advance on the principal of fifty per cent. This, however
disproportionate it may now seem, can not be considered unreasonable or
extravagant, when it is understood that the difference, at the time,
between colonial and Holland currency was nearly forty per cent, while
between the latter and the value of wampum it was vastly larger. The
patroon was bound, at the same time, to supply his colonists with a
sufficient number of laborers to assist them in the work of their farms.
As compensation for his trouble in engaging these and for his advances
in conveying them to America, he was entitled to the sum of sixteen
guilders, or six dollars, per annum for each laborer, over and above the
yearly wages which the farmer was to allow such servants, and which
ranged from forty to one hundred and fifty guilders, and board. This
sum provided these servants with necessary clothing, and in the course
of time placed at their disposal wherewith to enter on a farm on their
own account. It is to be remarked, however, that the first patroon
seriously complained that his settlers not only threw altogether on him
the payment of these wages, but took large quantities of goods from his
store, for which they made no returns whatever, though they were
bound to settle at the end of each year, and to hand in an account of the
produce of the farm, distinguishing the patroon's tenths, halves, or thirds,
the amount paid for wages, and their own expenses, so as to allow him
to ascertain what his own profits and losses were at the close of each
annual term.
In return for his outlay and trouble, the civil code, which, it must be
always borne in mind, was the fundamental law of this colonie, vested
in the patroon several privileges common to the feudal system. At the
close of the harvest, the farmer was bound to hand in a return of the
amount of grain which he had for sale, after deducting what was due to
the landlord by the lease, and offer to him or his commissary the pre-
e'mption of such produce. In case he refused to buy it, then the farmer
was at liberty to svll the same elsewhere. The like rule obtained in
regard to cattle. When these were to be sold, the first offer was also t?$
192 Colony of Rensselaerswyck.
be made to the patroon, in order,we presume, that he should have an
opportunity of retaining the stock within the colonie. Every settler
was, likewise, obligated to grind his corn at the ptttroon's mill, and the
latter was equally obligated to erect, and keep such mill in repair, at
his own expense, for the accommodation of his colonists. No person
could hunt or fish within the limits of the colonie, without license
from the patroon, who, on the exchange, sale, am! purchase of real
estate within his jurisdiction, was entitled to the first offer of such prop-
erty; or if he declined to resume it, to a certain portion of the purchase
money, except such mutation "occurred in the natural line of descent.
Finally, it was his right, as lord of the manor," to succeed to the
estate and property of all persons who might die intestate within his
colonie.
Under the fostering care of its first patroon, and the prudent manage-
ment of its local magistracy, the colonie of Rensselaerswyck progress-
ively, though slowly, advanced. Portions of its inhabitants occasionally
returned to Fatherland, to spread the tidings of their prosperity, and to
invite their friends and relatives to join them in their new homes, which
from the abundance and cheapness of provisions, deserved truly to be
" a land " A
called flowing with milk and honey. hamlet gradually
arose. On account, it is said, of the crescent form of the bank of the
river at this point, this hamlet was first called the Fuyck, or Beversfuyck,
and afterwards Beverswyck, by which name the present city of Albany
was legally known until 1664, though it was familiarly called the Fuyck,
by the Dutch, for many years after the entire country had passed into
the hands of other masters.
In order to give greater stability to his settlement, and to become
better acquainted with its condition, Mr. Van Rensselaer, it is alleged,
visited the colonie in person in 1637. His stay in the country, if he ever
did come, was, however, not very long. The demise or resignation of
Sheriff Planck now required the appointment of a new officer, and the
peculiar position of the settlers, surrounded on all sides by rude and
unconverted savages, demanded the guardian supervision and solacing
comforts of religion, for as yet neither church nor clergymen existed in
Rensselaerswyck. To secure an efficient administration ot justice, and
to provide a properly qualified clergyman for his people, consequently
became a paramount duty.
Adriaen van der Donck, "a free citizen of Breda," a lineal descendant
of Adriaen van Bergen, part owner of the famous turf-sloop in which a
party of Dutch troops were clandestinely introduced, in the year 1590,
into the castle commanding that city, then in the hands of the Spanish,
by which stratagem that stronghold fell into the hands of their High
Mightinesses the States General, and a graduate of the University of
Leyden, was selected as the successor of Sheriff Planck. He entered on
the performance of his duties, as schout-fiscaal of Rensselaerswyck, in
the course of a month or two after his appointment, having, previous to
his departure from Holland, taken a lease from the
patroon of the west
half of Castle island, called Welysburg.
The Rev. Johannes Megapolensis, the pious and well-learned minis-
' '

ter of the congregation of Schoorel and

Berge," under the dassis of Alk-
 Colony of Rensselaerswyck. 103

maer, was duly called to disseminate the light of the gospel among "the
Christians and heathen in the colonie, and regularly commissioned to
preach God's word there to administer the holy sacraments of baptism
;

and the Lord's supper; to set an example, in a Christian-like manner,

by public precept-, to ordain elders and deacons; to keep and govern, by
and with the advice and assistance of the same, God's congregation in
good discipline and order, all according to God's holy word, and in
conformity with the government, confession, and catechism of the
Netherland churches, and the synodal acts of Dordrecht."
The allowance guarantied to this clergyman was free passage and
board for himself, his wife and four children, who accompanied him to
New Netherland; an outfit of three hundred guilders, or one hundred
and twenty dollars, and an annual stipend, for the first three years, of
eleven hundred guilders, ($440,) thirty schepels of wheat, and two firkins
of butter, or in place thereof, should he prefer it, sixty guilders in cash.
This salary was to be further increased by an addition of two hundred
guilders a year,, for a second term of three years, if the patroon were,
satisfied with his services. A pension of one hundred guilders per an-
num was secured to his wife, in case of his demise within the above
term, for and during whatever time might remain unexpired of his
engagement.
These preliminaries having been thus arranged, an obstacle was
unexpectedly thrown in the way of Mr. Mcgapolensis's departure by the
directors of the West India Company, who claimed the exclusive right
to approve of his appointment. To this, however, the feudal lord of
Rensselaerswyck demurred; and it was not until after a lapse of several
months that a compromise was agreed to, the directors approving of the
appointment under protest on the part of Mr. Van Rensselaer, saving
his rights as patroon.
The Rev. Mr. Megapolensis and family embarked, together with
Abraham Staes, surgeon, Evert Pels, brewer, and a number of other
freemen, farmers, and farm-servants, shortly after this, in the ship the
Houttuyn, or Woodyard, which was freighted with a quantity of goods
for the colonie between two and three hundred bushels of malt for
Mr. Pels four thousand tiles, and thirty thousand stone for building
besides some vines and madder, the cultivation of which the patroon
was desirous of introducing among his people.* On the arrival of
Mr. Megapolensis at Rensselaerswyck, a contract was concluded for the
erection of a dwelling for himself and family, but the contractor having
failed in fulfilling his agreement, a house belonging to Maryn Adriaensen,
constructed entirely of oak, was subsequently purchased for his use, for
the sum of three hundred guilders, or one hundred and twenty dollars.
For the convenience of the settlers at Tuscameatick,(as Greenbush, at
the opposite side of the river, was called by the Indians,) a ferry was
next established near the foot of the Beaver's kill, (where it still continues
'
*Mr. Pels erected a brewery in the colonie Dr. Rlaes became one of the council in
;

1643, am) was appointed president of tlie board in 1644, at a salary of 100 florins ($40)
per annum He obtained license to trade in furs, and had al>o a considerable bouwerie,
besides pursuing the practice of his profession. He was the ancestor of the Staats of
the present day, the original name having assumed shortly afterwards the termination
it now has.
194 Colony of Rensselaerswyck.
to ply,) and as it was the patroon's intention that the church, the min-
ister's dwelling, the attorney-geueral's residence, and the honses for the
trades-people and mechanics, should be erected in one vicinity, so as to
constitute a kerckbuurte, or settlement around the church, orders were
transmitted that no persons (farmers and tobacco planters excepted)
should, for the future, establish themselves, after the expiration of their
term of service, elsewhere than in the vicinity of the church, and accord-
ing to the plan now sent out by the Houttuvn; for, it was justly
observed, "if every one resides where he thinks fit, separated far from
other settlers, they, should trouble occur, would be unfortunately in
danger of their lives, as sorrowful experience hath demonstrated around
the "Manhattans." A church, thirty-four feet long, and nineteen feet
wide the first in this quarter was erected in the course of the follow-
ing year. Though humble in its dimensions, when compared with
modern edifices of a similar sacred character, it was considered, at this
u for the
time, sufficiently ample for the accommodation of the faithful,
next three or four years, after which it might be converted into a school-
house, or a dwelling for the sexton." A
pulpit, ornamented with a
canopy, was soon added for the preacher,
"
as well as pews for the magis-
trates and for the deacons, and nine benches" for the congregation.
The expense of all this necessary furniture amounted to the sum of
thirty-two dollars. While providing accommodation for the living the
dead were not forgotten. The church-yard lay in the rear, or to the
west, of the patroon's trading-house in what is now very
[correctly
called Church street: and in order "to be safe from the ravages of the
Indians," the infant hamlet, living and dead, nestled close under the guns
of Fort Orange.
One of the principal aims of the first founders of Rensselaerswyck
seems to have been to secure for themselves the valuable trade in furs,
the chief mart for which centered at the point where they made their
purchase and commenced their settlement. To engross this the more
effectually, all foreign and unlicensed traders were rigidly excluded from
the colonie. The palroon and his partners were the only privileged
importers of European merchandise, the company having, in conse-
quence of the war and other causes, ceased to keep Fort Orange supplied
with foreign goods. All settlers were bound under oath not to purchase
any peltries from the Indians, on pain of forfeiting their goods and wa-
ges, unless duly licensed to carry on such trade, for such a privilege was
exclusively vested in the patroon by the sixth article of the charter.
The majority of the settlers subsequently obtained such permission ;

received goods on credit from the patroon's store, and every farmer, as
De Vries observes, become a trader. They were, however, obliged to
bring in all the furs which they purchased to the patroon's magazine, to
be sent over to Holland to him, he retaining, as his share, half the profits.
This condition was afterwards modified so far as to allow him to retain
only the sixth beaver, and one guilder recognition, or duty, on each of
the remaining five-sixths. This system soon produced results which
were naturally to be expected. Competition raised the price of peltries
nearly one hundred per cent. Prior to 1642 the price of a merchantable
beaver, which averaged about an ell square, was six hands, or fathoms,
 Colony of Rensselaerswyck. 195

of wampum. In the course of that year the article commanded from

seven to seven and a half but when the traders found that the agents of
5

the patroon, as well as the officers at Fort Orange, did not refuse paying
that price, they immediately offered nine ;
and in the following year
advanced the rate to ten fathoms of white wampum for each skin. A
joint proclamation was hereupon issued by
the authorities of Rensselaers-
wyck, and those of the Fort, fixing the price of furs at nine fathoms of
white, or four and a half of black wampum, and forbidding all persons
whatsoever, whether.servants of the company or residents in the colonie,
from going into the woods to trade in advance with the Indians, on pain
of seizure of all their goods. Another proclamation was also issued,
prohibiting all traders to come with their sloops within the limits of the
colonie under the penalty of forfeiting the same. And on the following
court-day a third proclamation followed, for the better securing the mo-
nopoly of the import trade to the patroon, by which the inhabitants of
the colonie were absolutely forbidden purchasing any goods from the
local traders. Orders were given at the same time to Sheriff Van der
Donck to enforce these regulations with strictness and severity.
This functionary, between whom and Van Curler, and the other officers
of the colonie, considerable jealousy and ill feeling already existed, had
no desire to render himself unpopular with the colonists. "He should
not" he said, "make himself the worst man in the colonie, nor be sus-
pected by the colonists, for his term as officer was but short." He
therefore not only refused to enforce these regulations, but when, a few
days afterwards, the colonists, contrary to the prohibitions of the court,
did purchase duffels and sundry other goods which had been surrepti-
tiously introduced, he connived at their proceedings, and either told the
suspected parties to put their goods out of his sight, or neglected entire-
ly to execute his duty, or to make any seizures. Not content with
this disobedience of orders, he proceeded, next, secretly to foment feelings
of discontent and mutiny among the people, before whom he placed the
abovementioned placards in a most odious light, and whom he persuaded
into the belief that Van Curler was endeavoring " to steal the bread out
of their mouths." His representations had eventually such an effect on
the puplic mind, that a conspiracy was formed against the commissary-
general among several of the colonists, who drew up a strong protest

nounced Van Curler in the most vehement terms. Some proposed driving
him from the colonie as a rogue; others, more vindictive and turbulent,
insisted on taking his life. These threats, fortunately for the character
of the settlers, were not followed up by any overt act. Van der Donck
professed, all the while, an honest desire to second the wishes of the
constituted authorities. But when the time for testing his sincerity
arrived, he was found wanting in the fulfilment of his promise.
It became apparent now from the ill-feeling which existed between
Sheriff van der Donck and the other functionaries in the
colonie, and
which had already caused in two instances an exchange of blows, that
18
196 Colony of Rensselaerswyck.
the former could not comfortably prolong his stay in Rensselaerswyck,
or hold his office, very agreeably, much longer. He determined, indeed,
to return to Holland in the course of the next year, as he was desirous
to become a patroon himself, with which view he proceeded, with several
colonists, to Katskill, to purchase the lands there from the Indians, for
the erection of an independent colonie. But the moment the patroon
of Rensselaerswyck received intelligence of this "dishonest," move on
the part of "his sworn officer," he immediately forwarded instructions
to Van Curler, couched in the following stringent terms :

"The Patroon of the Colonie of Rensselaerswyck having, on the sixth

of this month, given a Commission toPieter Wyncoop, commis. onboard
his ship, to purchase for a reasonable price from the natural owners and
inhabitants, and from their chiefs, their lands lying about Katskill, in
consequence of certain information which he had that Adriaen van der
Donck, his sworn dishonestly designed to purchase for him and
officer,
his, to the prejudice of him, the patroon, his lord and master, the said
lands, lying under the shadow of his colonie. Therefore he, by virtue
of the sixth and twenty-sixth articles of his freedoms and exemptions^
doth claim that no person shall, against his will, approach within seven
or eight miles of him also, that he hath power to enlarge his colonie,
;

on condition of planting a proportionate number of colonists there, which

number was, even by this vessel, so increased that he hath already in-
cluded the same, from Ransselaers-Stein down to Katskill, remaining on
the same side, within his resort. And, further, having obtained certain
information that such is, indeed, also true, the commissary-general,
Arendt van Curler, together with the aforesaid Pieter Wyncoop, are charg-
ed not to inquire of the above-named Van der Donck if it be true, (inasmuch
as the patroon hath by him sufficient proof thereof, ) but him to constrain,
should he have done so, to desist, de facto, therefrom, and to cede and
to make over to him, the patroon, all whatsoever he hath acquired, con-
formably to his oath, having sworn to be true and faithful specially to
him, his injury to prevent and his advantage to promote, both which in
this matter have not happened and in case the said purchase be not yet
;

effected, that he, in presence of the commissaries and council of the co-
lonie, do promise, under oath, not to proceed therewith, but to respect
him the patroon, and to afford to his (agents) all favor and help, that
they may be allowed to make the aforesaid purchase to the best advan-
tage and should he refuse the one, or the other, to secure his person,
;

inasmuch as he also endeavored, per fas et nefas, (met minne ofte on-
minne.) to return home in case the patroon should not consent to dis-
charge him and inasmuch as the lease of his bouwerie, which he hath
,

taken and agreed for in person with the patroon, hath still long to run,
which he can not set aside without consent, but shall be bound to keep
during that time. And in witness of the truth hath the Patroon subscri-
bed these with his hand, and sealed them with his and the colonie'sseal,
in Amsterdam, this 10th September, 1643
KJLIAEN VAN RENSSELAER,
[Seal] "Patroon of the Colonie of Rensselaerswyck:
''In case Van der Donck should prove obstinate, he shall be degraded
 Colony of Remselaerswyck. 197

from his office, and left on his bouwerie to complete his contracted lease,
without allowing him to depart, and his office shall be conferred, provi-
sionally, on Nicolaus Coorn, till further orders, divesting him of all pa-
pers appertaining to his charge. But if he will desist, then his office,
and his bouwerie, shall he be allowed to hold. Actum as above.
"KILIA.EN VAN RBNSSKLAER,
"in quality as herein above stated."
This order, which had the effect of arresting Vander Donck's intended
colonie at Katskill, was conveyed to New Netherland by the patroon's
ship, The Arms of Rensselaerswyck, which was dispatched with an
assorted invoice of merchandise, consisting of woollen, linen, and cotton
goods, ready-made clothing, silks, glass, crockery, leather, fruit, cheese,
spices, brandy, gin, wines, cordials, tobacco-pipes, nets, looking glasses,
beads, axes, adzes, razors, knives, scissors, bells, nails, spoons, kettles,
thimbles, pins, needles, threads, rings, shoes, stockings, gloves, combs,
buttons, muskets, pistols, swords, shot, lead, canvass, pitch and tar,
candles, stationery, and various other commodities, valued at twelve
thousand eight hundred and seventy guilders, to be bartered with the In-
dians and other inhabitants of the country for tobacco, furs, and other
produce. To ensure entire success for this venture, the skipper, super-
cargo, and pilot of the ship were allowed a direct pecuniary interest in
the proceeds of the voyage.
The system of licenses introduced by the patroon, and the profits which
resulted, had already incited a number of private individuals to embark
in the fur-trade. As a consequence, this staple was altogether taken out
of the hands both of the patroon's and the company's servants, who could
purchase scarcely a skin, while private traders exported thousands of
peltries. A number of unlicensed traders now resorted to the colonie,
who drew the Indians away into "secret trading places," where, by means
of higher prices, they got possession of the most valuable furs, "not
caring whether or not the trade was so injured as to render the patroon
unable to meet the expenses of his colonie." Having thus "debauched"
the savages, these interlopers succeeded next, by means of "wine and
strong drink, which they sold at an usurious rate," in "perverting" many
of the colonists, from whom they got, not only peltries, but even large
quantities of grain, which the farmers disposed of without either respect-
ing the Patoon's pre-emption right, or paying the tenths, or accounting
for the halves or thirds which they were bound by lease to pay.
To arrest these illicit proceedings, the patroon adopted two measures
which would, he expected, put a stop to the injuries which his interests
were sustaining from the competition that was then exhausting and im-
poverishing his colonie. One of these was the erection of a fortified post
and trading. house at Beeren, or Bear's Island, the southern boundary of
his estate, which, by commanding the channel of the river, would ex-
clude all vessels, but his own and those of the West India Company, from
the upper waters of the Hudson. The other was, to send out a stock of
goods sufficient to supply, through his establishments at Beverswyckand
Beeren Island, the Mohawks and river Indians, and all the neighboring
settlers, with whatever they may require in barter for their produce,
198 Colony of Rensselaersicyck.
whether furs or corn. It was with a view to carry out the latter part
of this project, that the Arms of Rensselaerswyck now sailed with
the ahove-mentioned valuable cargo.
She arrived at the Manhattans while the war with the Indians was at
its height, and at the moment when Kieft was sorely distressed for clo-

thing for the troops which he had enlisted. A

requisition was imme-
diately made on Pieter Wyncoop, the supercargo of the ship, for a supply
of fifty pairs of shoes to he distributed among the soldiers, payment for
which was offered u in silver, beavers, or wampum," at such price as the
supercargo might demand. But Wyncoop, perceiving that he could sell
these goods to more advantage to the inhabitants than to the director,
injudiciously refused to comply with this requisition. A forced levy was
the result, and as many soldiers were equipped with shoes from the ship,
u
as killed five hundred of the enemy." The evil consequences of Wyn-
coop's refusal did not stop here. The ship was immediately overhauled
by authority of the director and council, and a considerable quantity of
powder and a number of guns found on board, which were not enumerated
in the manifest, and which Wyncoop was charged with intending to sell
to the savages. These articles having been made contraband by law,
and their introduction forbidden on pain of death, were, together with
the ship, forthwith confiscated.
Wyncoop now too late, perceived the error into which either his in-
structions or his covetousness had plunged him. In the hope, however,
of retrieving his loss, he instituted an action against Cornells Van der
Huygens, the Fiscaal at Fort Amsterdam, against whom he protested,
in strong terms, for having unloaded his ship, which proceeding he pro-
nounced an insult, a reproach, and a wrong inflicted on the honorable
patroon, "the first and oldest patriot of the land," and for which aggres-
sion he now demanded redress from the director-general and council. It
was much fitter for the fiscal, he added, to discharge and to confiscate
such ships as came and traded hither without any commission, and there-
by brought contempt on the country and its government, than to affront
a patroon who hazarded so much for his colonists and New Netherland,
He finally maintained that the powder which he had on board was for the
ship's use, and for the defence of Rensselaers-Stein, or Castle Rensse-
laer, as the fortification on Beeren Island was called. This plea profited
nothing. The powder was not mentioned in the manifest, and the ex-
u
planation which was offered was merely used as a cloak" to cover the
real design. "It is far from us," concluded the attorney-general," to
insult the patroon. On the contrary, we are willing to aid him in pro-
moting the welfare of his colonie. But it is you who are endeavoring to
frustrate his noble plans, by associating exclusively with private traders,
and striving to take them with you to the colonie in direct opposition to
the commands of the patroon, who hath sent out this ship to keep free
traders from that place. If your conduct is just, free merchants cannot
be prevented trading thither, and they will be justified in so doing. I
deny that any damage whatever has been done. Are you of a contrary
opinion? Cite me before any court of justice, whenever you please."
 Colony of Rensselaerswyck, 199

Arendt van Curler, finding that no satisfactory issue was to be ex-

pected from this litigation, finally proposed that the ship should be re-
leased, and the whole case referred to the Directors in Holland for their
decision. As the vessel was suffering considerable injury from detention,
this proposal was acceded to, "so that the patroon should have no reason
to complain-," on the express condition, however, that no goods should
be landed from the vessel until permission was obtained from the com-
pany, and that such articles as were already seized by the attorney-gene-
ral should remain confiscated, as they had not been included in the invoice.
The vessel sailed soon after for Holland, whither Van Curler also pro-
ceeded to give an account of his stewardship.
In the mean time Nicolaus Coorn, "Wacht Meester," or commander
in the service of the patroon, had completed his fort on Beeren Island.
on which he mounted a number of cannon, sufficient not only for its de-
fence, but for the complete command of the river. A claim to "staple
right" was then boldly set up ;
a toll of five guilders, or two dollars,
imposed on every trading-craft passing up or down, which were also
obliged to lower their colors in honor of Rensselaers-Stein. And thus a
sovereign jurisdiction was asserted over this navigable highway against
all persons, save and except the servants of the West India Company.
It was in the summer of 1644, that the yacht the Good Hope, of which
Govert Lookermans was master, sailed from Fort Orange for New Am-
sterdam. Passing Beeren Island, the craft was hailed, and peremptorily
ordered "to lower bis colors." On being asked for whom, the commander
replied, "For the staple right of Rensselaerswyck." But the skipper re-
fused, with an oath, to strike his flag "for any individual save the Prince
of Orange and the Lords his masters-," whereupon Coorn fired several
shots at the vessel, one of which, says the record, "perforated our
princely flag," about a foot above the head of the skipper, "who kept
the colors constantly in his hand."
Such an outrage as this could not fail to create excitement at New Am-
sterdam, when the particulars became known. Philip de Truy, "marshal
of New Netherland," summoned Coorn to appear immediately at the Fort
to answer for his conduct. The latter pleaded the authority of his pa-
troon. But this was considered no justification. He was condemned in
damages, and forbidden to repeat the offence on pain of corporal punish-
ment. He was further required to obtain Van Rensselaer's approval of
the sentence, which should be executed on him without fail, if that ap-
proval were not forthcoming. This proceeding was followed soon after
by a strong protest from attorney-general Van der Huygens, against the
establishment on Beeren Island, which was declared to be inconsistent
with the privileges granted to patroons and lords of manors. No patroon,
it was maintained, could extend his colony, by the fifth article of the

charter, more than four miles along one bank, or two miles on both sides
of the river, while Beeren Island was more than two miles from the lim-
its of the colonie. The bold attempt to construct a fort there, to com-
mand the river, and to debar Fort Orange from free navigation, would,
it was added, be ruinous to the company, it was therefore peremptorily
ordered that no building whatsoever, much less a fortification, should be
200 Colony of Rensselaerswyck.
constructed beyond the limits of Rensselaerswyck, and Coorn was formally
threatened with further prosecution should he persist in his lawless trans-
actions.
But Nicolaus Coorn, commander of Rensselaers-Stein, was not to be
intimidated by the paper bullets of director Kieft's attorney-general.
"As the vice commander of the honorable Van Rensselaer,he replied, .*-' I
call on you, Cornells van der Huygens, attorney-general of New Netherland,
not to presume to oppose and frustrate my designs on Bears Island: to de-
fraud me in any manner, or to cause me any trouble, as it has been the will
of their High Mightinesses, the States General, and the privileged West
India Company, to invest my patroon and his heir with the right to ex-
tend and fortify his colonie, and make it powerful in every respect. . .

If you persist in so doing 1 protest against the act of vio-

lence and assault committed by the honorable, Lords majors, which I
leave them to settle, while this undertaking has nothing else in view
than to prevent the canker of free traders entering his colonie.
In the spirit in which this protest was drafted, were the feudal pre-
tensions of the lord of Rensselaerswyck asserted and maintained, not-
withstanding the conviction of Coorn and the warning of Van der Huy-
gens, during the remainder of the patroon's life. The same policy was
steadily continued by his executors for several years after his death,
which event took place in Amsterdam, in the year 1646.
With the demise of the first patroon terminated, also, Van der Donck's
connection with the colonie. He was succeeded in his office of fiscaal
by Nicolaus Coorn. He did not, however, quit Rensselaerswyck before
experiencing a heavy loss in the destruction of his house on Castle Island
by fire, in consequence of which he and his wife temporarily removed to
Van Curler's residence, the hospitalities of which were generously offered
to him by its proprietor. Differences of opinion now arose between him
and Van Curler, as to the party on whom the loss of the house should
fall; one maintaining that the property was at the risk of the patroon ;
the other, of the lessee. A quarrel ensued. Van der Donck gave Van
Curler the lie, whereupon the latter ordered him out of his house. Van
der Donck removed immediately to Fort
Orange, where he remained
until the opening of the
navigation, when he proceeded to the Manhat-
tans. In the mean time, his claims were referred for adjustment to the
proprietors in Holland.
The winter which had just terminated, was remarkably long and se-
vere. The North River closed at Rensselaerswyck on the 25th Novem-
ber, and remained fro/en some four months. A very high freshet, une-
qualled since 1639, followed, which destroyed a number of horses in their
stables; nearly carried away the fort, and inflicted considerable other
damage in the colome. "A certain fish of considerable size, snow-white
in color, round in the
body, and blowing water out of its head," made at
the same time his
appearance, stemming the impetuous flood. What it
portended, "God the Lord only knew." All the inhabitants were lost in
wonder, for "at the same instant that this fish appeared to us, we had
the first thunder and lightning this The public astonishment
year."
had scarcely subsided, when another monster of the deep, estimated at
 Colony of Rensselaerswyck. 201

forty feet in length, was seen, of a brown color, having fins on his back,
and ejecting water in like manner, high in the air. Some seafaring
people, "who had been to Greenland," now pronounced the strange visiter
a whale. Intelligence was shortly after received that it had grounded on
an island at the mouth of the Mohawk, and the people turned out in
numbers to secure the prize, which was, forthwith, subjected to the pro-
cess of roasting, in order to extract its oil. Though large quantities were
obtained, yet so great was the mass of blubber, the river was covered
with grease for three weeks afterwards, and the air infected to such a
degree with the stench, as the fish lay rotting on the strand, that the
smell was perceptibly offensive for two (Dutch) miles to leeward. The
whale, which had first ascended the river, stranded, on its return to sea,
on an island some forty miles from the mouth of the river, near which
place four others grounded, also, this year.
The greater number of the houses around forts Amsterdam and Orange
were, in those days, low-sized wooden buildings, with roofs of reed or
straw, and chimneys of wood. Wind or water mills were erected, here
and there, to grind corn, or to saw lumber. One of the latter, situate
on Nut or Governor's islanJ, was leased in 1639 for five hundred mer-
chantable boards yearly, half oak and half pine. Saw and grist mills
were built on several of the creeks in the colonie of Rensselaerswyck,
where a horse mill was also erected in 104(3, of which the following is a Con-
u The mill situate on the fifth kill
tract, dated Jan. 31 being, to the great
damage of the patroon. and inhabitants of the colonie, [Rensselaerswyck,]
for a considerable time out of repair, or unfit to be worked, either by the
breaking of the dam, the severity of the winter, or the high water, or
otherwise; besides being out of the way, to the prejudice of the inhabi-
tants in going and returning, a contract, af;er being duly pioposed to
the court, is, therefore, made with Pieter Cornelissen to build a horse-
mill in the Pine grove, whereby not only the colonie, but also, if so be,
the navigators who come hither, maybe encouraged to provide themselves
with other things. Pieter Cornelisz. shall complete the work for fl. 300,
($ 120.) I furnishing him fl. 200 in stones, two good horses, the expense
of which is to be divided between us, half and half. The standing work,
plank, labor, and other expenses, we shall defray in common, bearing,
each, equal profit and loss. On the completion of the mill, and on its
being ready to go, Pieter Cornelissen shall work one day for himself and
the other day for the patroon, and so forth; the patroon paying him one
Rix dollar for his day. Should it happen, as we expect, that so great
a demand shall arise, so that the mill will not supply all the colonie or
strangers, (buytenwoonders,) then P. Cornelisz. is alone authorized and
privileged to erect, in company with the patroon, another such mill, on
These or such other conditions as are now, or shall hereafter be agreed on.
Signed, ANTHONY BE HOOGKS, PTETER CORNELISSEN," Rensselaers-
wyck MSS.) A mill worked by horses stood, in the course of the last cen-
tury, as I am informed by an aged citizen, on the lot forming the northeast
corner of Hudson and Grand streets, Albany. There was a mill also on
the 3d or Rutten kill, in 1G4G.
202 Colony of Rensselaerswyck.
A Brewery had been constructed previous to 1637, in the same quarter,
by the patroon, with the exclusive right of supplying retail-dealers with
beer. But private individuals were allowed the privilege, notwith-
standing, to brew whatever quantity of beer they might require for con-
surrption within their own families.*
Rensselaerswyck was the only colonie which remained uninjured
by the war. As a consequence its population generally prospered, and
sundry farms were taken up, Beverswyck continued, however, in swad-
ding clothes, for the city which in 1845 holds over forty thousand in-
habitants, contained in 1646 no more than ten houses. Several farmers
had at an early date begun another settlement south of Beverswyck, to
which they gave the name of Bethlehem. A few bouweries were also
cultivated on the east side of the river opposite Fort Orange. Katskill
and its fertile bottoms had engaged at an early date the attention of the
settlers at Rensselaerswyck, but the pretensions of opposite parties pre-
Vented any planting of consequence in that quarter, and Van Slyck, who
had received a patent for lands there, had as yet made no commencement.
The country between Rensselaerswyck and the Manhattans, on both sides
of the river, still remained a wilderness. It is true that the Dutch had
built a fort at Esopus, in the year 1614, contemporaneously with the
erection of their post on Castle island. This possibly might have been
followed by the clearing of some small portions of land in that vicinity,
but it is very doubtful whether any such settlements survived the destruc-
tive war of 1644-5.
Such was the state of the public affairs when General PETETIS STTJY-
VESANT assumed the government of New Netherland,
* 26 Dec. 1646 Whereas their Honors of the Couit of this Colonie find that Cornells
Segersz. notwithstanding former placards and prohibitions, has still presumed to meddle
with what is not his business with beer brewing directly contrary to the grant and au,
therizaiimi given to ihe brewery of this colonie Theref re their honors expressly forbid
;

the said Cornelia Segersz. to brew, or cause to be brewed, or o'herwise to manufacture

any beer, except so much as shall be required by him for his own housekeeping, on
pain of forfeiting twenty five Carolus guilders, besides tie brewed beer. The said Cornell*
Segrrsz, is further warned that no cloak, or idle excuse shall hereafter avail, but that
this ordinance shall be maintained and execuied on the spot, without court process, if
he shall make any mistake. Let him, therefore, prevent his loss. Actum Rensselaers,
wyck. 26th October 1640. Pursuant to the resolution of their honors the magistrates of
this colonie. A. DB HOOQES,
 Kiliaen Van Rensselaer. 203

KILIAEN VAN RENSSELAER,

Merchant of Amsterdam, director of the West India Company, and
one of the patroons of New Netherland, was the thirteenth descendant
first
in a direct line from Henry Wolters van Rensselaer. He married, firstly,
Hellegonda van Bylet, by whom he had one son. Johannes, who after-
wards married his cousin, Elizabeth van TwiJler. Kiliaen van Renssel-
aer married, secondly, in 1627, Anna van Wely, daughter of Joannes van
Wely, merchant of Amsterdam, by whom he had four daughters and four
sons, namely: 1, Maria; 2, Jeremias, (who married Maria, daughter of
Oloff Stevensen van Cortland;) 3, Hellegonda; 4, Jan Baptiste, (who
married Susan van Wely;) 5, Eleonora; 6, Susan, (who married Jan de
la Court;) 7, Nicolaus, (who married Alida Schuyler;) 8, Rickert, (who
married Anna van Beaumont;) Kiliaen van Rensselaer's sister (Maria)
married Rykert van Twiller, and thus, it is presumed, the relationship
originated between Wouter van Twiller, second director-general of New
Netherland, and the first patroon of Rensselaerswyck. Of the above
children, Maria and Hellegonda died unmarried. Johannes succeeded
his father as patroon, and Jeremias, Jan Baptiste and Ryckert were, in
succession, directors of "the colonie." Nicolaus was a clergyman of the
Dutch Reformed Church. On being introduced to Charles II., then in
exile at Brussels, he prophesied the restoration 'of that monarch to the
throne of England, which circumstance obtained for him afterwards a
cordial reception at the Court of St. James, when he visited London as
chaplain to the Dutch embassy. In acknowledgment of the truth of the
prediction, the king presented him with a snufF-box, on the lid of which
was set his Majesty's miniature. This royal relic is still in the possession
of the Van Rensselaer family at Albany.
Mde. Anna van Rensselaer died in Amsterdam on the 12th June, 1670,
after a sickness of seven weeks, having survived her husband twenty-
four years. Intelligence of her death, communicated by the following
letter, was received in this country by her sons, Jeremias and Ryckert,
on the 18th Sept., 1670:
"AMSTERDAM, 12th June, 1670.
"Dear Brothers On the 9th inst. I communicated to you, among other
things, per ship Duke of York, Johannes Luyck, skipper, the low con-
dition of our beloved mother, who accompanied me home, sick, from Cralo
to Amsterdam, on the 1st of April. After lying so long, without any
strong fever, or any great pain, troubled only with asthma, accompanied
by considerable cough and phlegm, and the sprue, she took her departure
with great piety from the Church Militant here, to the Church Triumphant
above, on the 12th inst., being this day, about one hour after noon, in
the presence of all our sisters and brothers who are in this country, and
that with a full understanding and trust in the mercy of God, the merits
of her and our Saviour Jesus Christ, which, through the grace of the
Holy Ghost and the belief in the Triune God, so strenghtened her, that
all her wishes were to be set free and to be with Christ, who hath taken
her so mercifully to himself, that we all, though afflicted children,
204 Executors of Jeremias Van Rensselaer.

can not be sufficiently thankful to God for so gentle and holy a death. Her
in a Christian manner, as in duty
body will be committed to the earth
17th inst. There is no doubt of a
bound, on Tuesday next, being the
stately funeral. May the good
God grant her, and us with her, a joyous
resurrection at the last day. Amen." O'Callgharfs Histr. N. Netherland,

EXECUTORS OF JEREMIAS VAN RENSSELAER.

On the death of Jeremias van Rensselaer, in 1675, the affairs of the
colonie of Rensselaerswyck were administered conjointly, during the
minority of Kiliaeri van Rensselaer, (then twelve years old,) by the Rev.
Nicolaus van Rensselaer, Mde. Maria van Rensselaer, and Stephanus
van Cortlandt. Nicolaus had the directorship of the colonie Mde,, van
5

Rensselaer was the treasurer; and Stephanus van Cortlandt had the charge
of the books. Four hundred schepels of wheat were appropriated to defray
the yearly expenses of this administration, of which Dom. Nicolaus
(who then officiated as second clergyman in Albany) received one half.
The remainder was divided between Mde. van Rensselaer and her brother.
Dom. Nicolaus dying in 1679, the chief management of the minor's
affairs devolved on his mother and uncle. O'Callaghan.

SENTENCE OF BANISHMENT, 1644.

The following is a translation of a sentence of banishment pronounced on
one of the colonists at this early period of its history. "By the President
and Council of the Colonie of Rensselaerswyck. Having heard the free
confession of Adriaen Willemsen, at present in confinement, to wit:
That he on Saturday last, the 6th of Aug., at the house of the Patroon,
where the Commissary-general, Arendt van Curler, resides, climbing in
through the window of said house, stole seven beavers, and at noon of the
following Monday, eight beavers and one drieling, [third of a skin], also,
that on Saturday aforesaid he had stolen from the cellar of the said house
a half [skin] which remained. And having, moreover, examined the de-
mand of the prosecutor against the aforesaid delinquent, observing what
appertains thereto; We have hereby ordered and adjudged, and do order
and adjudge, that the said delinquent shall be taken to the public place
where justice is executed, and there be ignominiously tied to a post for
the space of two hours, with some of the stolen property on his head;
after which he shall prostrate himself at the feet of the Worshipful Ma-
gistrates, (de Edele Heeren van den Gerechte.) and beg of God and justice
tor forgiveness; that he, moreover, shall be henceforward, and forever,
banished out of this colonie, and never more return thereto. Done in
Collegio, this 13th day of August, anno 1644. By order of their worships
the President and Council of this Colonie of Rensselaerswyck. ARENDT
VAN CviUB.* 1
O'Callaghan's Histr. N. Netherland, t, 320.
 Arent Van Curler. 205

ARENT VAN CURLER.

Arent van Curler was one of those characters who deserve to live in
history. His influence among the Indians was unlimited, and in honor
of his memory, these tribes addressed all succeeding governors of New
York by the name of Corlaer. He possessed feelings of the purest
humanity, and actively exerted his influence in rescuing from the savages
such Christians as had the misfortune to fall into their hands, of whose
danger he might receive timely notice. On his marriage with Antonia
Slaghboom, the widow of Jonas Bronck, he visited Holland, and on his
return moved to the Flatts above Albany, where he had a farm. He was
proprietor of a brewery in Beverwyck, in 1661. Being a cousin of the
Van Rensselaers, he had considerable influence in the colonie, where he
was a magistrate to the time of his decease. He was one of the leaders
in the settlement of Schenectady in 1661 -2-, and on the surrender ofNew
Netherland, was specially sent for by Governor Nicoll, to be consulted
on Indian affairs and the interests of the country generally. He was
highly respected by the governors of Canada, and the regard entertained
for him by M. de Tracy, viceroy of that country, will be best judged of
by the following extract of a letter which that high personage addressed
him, dated Quebec, 30th April, 1667:
"If you find it agreeable to come hither this summer, as you have
caused me to hope, you will be most welcome, and entertained to the
utmost of my ability, as I have a great esteem for you, though I have
not a personal acquaintance with you. Believe this truth, and that lam,
sir, your affectionate and assured servant. TJKACY"

Having accepted this invitation, Mr. Van Curler prepared for his
journey. Gov. Nicoll furnished him with a letter to the viceroy. It
bears date May 20th, 1667, and states that "Moiis'r Curler hath been
importuned by divers of his friends at Quebec to give them a visit, and
being ambitious to kiss your hands, he hath entreated my pass and lib-
erty to conduct a young gentleman, M. Fontaine, who unfortunately fell
into the barbarous hands of his enemies, and by means of Mons'r Curler
obtained his liberty." On the 4th July following, Jeremias van Rensse-
laer, writing to Holland, announces, that "our cousin Arendt van Curler
proceeds overland to Canada, having obtained leave from our general,
and been invited thither by the viceroy, M. de Tracy." In an evil hour
he embarked on board a frail canoe to cross Lake Champlain, and having
been overtaken by a storm, was drowned, I believe, near Split-Rock.
In his death this country experienced a public loss, and the French of
Canada a warm and efficient friend. O'Callaghan's Histr. N. Nether-
land, t, 322.
206 Codirectors of Rensselaerswyck, 1630.

CODIRECTORS OF RENSSELAERSWYCK, 1630.

The copartnership consisted of Kiliaen van Rensselaer, Samuel Godyn,

Johannes de Laet, and Samuel Bloemmaert, with whom were associated
Adam Bissels and Toussaint Moussart. The contract, and the articles
of agreement, are referred to in the judgment of the Court of Holland,
dated 14th June, 1650, in re Bloemmaert at al. vs. Van Twiller et al.,
which judgment was ratified by the States General on the same day.
(Hoi. Doc. v., 298. Alb. Rec. viii., 72, 73. Rensselaerswyck MSS.) It
has been maintained, by some, that there was no partnership interest in
the colonie of Rensselaerswyck, and that the claim of Bloemmaert, De
Laet, and the other partners was not allowed. But the judgment here
referred to shows that such an assertion is contrary to the fact. The suit
was decided in favor of Bloemmaert and his associates, and the executors
of the first patroon were condemned to account for the rents and profits,
and to pay to each of the partners, or their heirs, their just quota. The
partnership is, moreover, plainly admitted in the account of the disburse-
ments for the first venture to Rensselaerswyck, anno 1630, wherein the
sums advanced by the other codirectors are admitted and acknowledged.
Ample evidence of the fact will be further found by reference to the
Rensselaerswyck MSS., and to Holland Documents vi, 303, 304, 306.
De Vries also mentions the circumstance. Subsequently, however, Jo-
hanna de Laet, widow of Johannes de Hulter, and who married, sec-
ondly, Jeremias Ebbing, sold to the Van Rensselaers, in the year 1674,
all her right and claim, as heiress of Johannes de La'et, to the colonie of

Rensselaerswyck, for the sum of fl. 5,762 lOst. or $2,301, which debt
was discharged by the transfer to her of certain bouweries and lands
which were deemed an equivalent. This lady was proprietor, among
other tracts, of the Weyland, or pasture, lying between the third and
fourth kills, now called, in the map of the city of Albany, Rutten and
Fox creeks. On the 20th of April, 1685, Gerrit Bissels and Nicolaus van
Beeck, (nomine uxoris,) both representing the children and heirs of Adam
Bissels and Margt. Reust, entitled to one tenth part and as attorneys
5

for Abraham Elsevier (husband of Catharina Bloemmaert) and Isbrand

Schenk, Constantina Bloemmaert, (widow of Isaac Sweers, in his life-
time, vice-admiral in the service of Holland,) and Juffrouw Anna Bloem-
maert, (widow of Francois Romayn,) children and heirs of Samuel Bloem-
maert and Catharine Reust, conjointly entitled to one tenth part of the
colonie of Rensselaerswyck, sold, in Amsterdam, to Richard and Kiliaen
van Rensselaer, Patroon of said colonie, their respective shares, being
two tenths, or one fifth of the whole, for gl. 3,600, payable in three equal
yearly parts. Thus all claims on the part of the original partners, to any
portion of the colonie, became finally extinguished and that estate vested
;

altogether and exclusively in the Van Rensselaer family.

> !
O' CaUaghan s
Hist. ofN. Netherland, i, 127.
 Business Directory. 209

BUSINESS DIRECTORY FOR 1849.

Artists. Leavitt A J 628 broadway

Ames Julius R 3 plain Lovey D J 170 s pearl
Hart James M6 exchange Mitchell Francis cor steuben and chapel
Heaford & Scattergood 36 s pearl Morgan George 80 s pearl
Forbes E exchange building Norris JamesJ 10s pearl
Norris Henry B 70 Washington
Agricultural Implements.
Emery II L 369
broadway Pope Thomas am eric an hotel
Thorburn W
cor broad way &. maiden lane Simoris Jacob 27 maiden lane
Stratton.<fc Peterson 798 broadway
Apothecaries. Switzer Henry 276 broadway
(See Drugs and Medicines.} Tate John A 141 swan
Architects. Van Epps F congress hall
Penchard G 17 douw's building Van Vranken F cor hudson and dean
Rector Henry S3 hudson Van Vrankin David 805 r road way
Woolet WL IGsteuben Van Vrankin Robert 2 little basin
Agency. Winters J H delavan house
Noonan Thomas cor chapel & steuben Bedsteads.
Patterson Josiah 63 lawrence ft co xivoli (patroon's creek)
Ting ley
Scovel Asliley 11 douw's building Mayes J
Auctioneers. Blacksmiths.
Clark & Jones 73 stale
Boyle John 210 s pearl
Copp N P 47 Washington Caldwell William J 90 green
Homer W P 72 state
Conkling J & A 89 green
Pillsbury L C under museum. Haight James O 13 church
Priest Allendorph & co cor state & green O'Brien Matthew 25 Washington
Bakers. Percival George 251 broadway
Andrews F 16G Washington Percival Gordon canal basin
Beats Lvi 84 Beaver Shaw Luton 99 green
Blanchard E 79 church Whitney James 86 green
Graves green
Hodge John 665 broadway
Block and Pump-makers.
Honeysett 194 hamilton Brainerd E 23 quay
Hunter R 36 Washington Wnite F W 2 division
McCiifferty & Holmes26 n pearl Boarding-houses.
McEntee John 21 canal Carter Misses 140 state
Paddock Stephen 77 s pearl Charter Hannah 44 hamilton
Peden A Washington Douglas Mrs 26 maiden lane
Pester William 343 state Fitch Misses 126 state
Peterson & Clark 8(17 broadway Fuller Mrs 9 montgomery
Pettingill Michael 89 beaver Furnald S 29 s pearl
Prichard &. Packard 186 Washington Grant Mrs 2 water
Putnam C 59 lyd us
i Haskell Mrs 25 Columbia
Turner John 56 hamilton Ilnyek Miss E 10 rose
Barbers. Johnson Elizabeth 53 chapel
Andree Augustus 14UJ broadway Kirsinger M
7 howarcl
Bertrand Louis spruce Kreuder John 215 broadway
Bertrand J 1 dean Leggatt William 44 hudson
Chambers John exchange basement McNaughton Robert 91 herkimer
Craimell Mat basement franklin house Munger Benjamin 6 norton
Crosby J G 1 maiden lane Rogers Mrs 46 easle
De Mun E 450 broadway Salisbury Henry 12 s pearl
Dengel Andrew 268 broadway Seagrave James 13 montgomery
Freeman & Van Vranken 379 broadway Sherman Rufus 47 jay M
Gardner William 48 hamilton Somerindyck G W
21 hudson
Westfall John S 7 union
Garrison Thomas 29 s pearl
Garrison Isaac 3 Catharine Worth William E 11 beaver
Highgate Charles 632 broadway Wright Elizabeth 29 westerlo
Johnson Hiram 10T s pearl Bookbinders.
L'Arrive John 2 green Harrison A L 445 broad way
210 Business Directory,
Hoffman & Bender 71 state Eggleston Putnirm & co 9 dean
Seymour & Russ 82 state Kirk Andrew 904 broadway
Steel e Charles 3SS broad way McKnight John 95 canal
Van Benthuysen C 407 broad way Taylor and sons S3 green
Warner William J 7 n pearl Brickmakers.
Weed Parsons and eo 67 slate Bas.*ett D K 399 lyd ius
Booksellers and Publishers. Goodrich A M 308 lydius
Bender E 11 75 .state McCall Patrick M 86 Swan
Durrie D S 38b broad way Brokers.
Henry James G7 state Evertsen Jacob jr S exchange
Hill Aaron 78 state Gough Jot n T 15 merchants' exchange
Little &
co 53 state Groesbeeck brothers 13 exchange building
lAird Joseph 19 philip Henclrickson John 36 state
Pease E H * co 82 state Kurd J NM 2$ green
Boot and Shoe Dealers. Ireland DD 20~green
Dix J G 40 1 broad way La Grange Gerrit 455 broadway
Huson D R 164 broad way Lansing Jacob J 5 james
Mead & Wait 488 broad \Vay Payne G R 438 broadway
Mitchell J P 390 broadway Pitman R II 39?| broadway
Osborn J 350 broad way Rice B F 16 exchange building
Squires Thomas 56 quay
Pittinger
Prest J &D
lyd ius
816 broad way Van Vechten Gerrit W
28 green
Washburn & co basement city bank
Rankin G A 392 broadway
Rnnkin William 3!)| Washington Wilsou C V lumbermen's exchange
Robinson & Dwight 3S2 broadway Builders.
Snell James 410 broudway (See Carpenters and Builders)
Tripp J 57 Washington Cabinet-makers.
Wade .t Carroll 430 broadway Alvord E tivoli
Waterman Robert 53 s pearl Amsden J B 31 n pearl
Wilcox WM
& son 6f>6 broadway Arts & Riley 97 state
Woolverton G A 356 broadway Clemshire William 17 church
Boot and Shoe Makers. Long W cor lydius and green
Arnold Selh 207 green Mc-Guire William 116 state
Burton H 34 s pearl Moseley H
T 21 church
Chapman II E 8 s pearl Van Loon P 70 green
Dunham Oscar 56 green (See Furniture tcarefiovses.)
Fossard William 99 state Cap-makers
Laig lit John 3v> green (See Furs and Caps, and Hals, Caps, <!jv; )
Low John 116 church Carpenters and Builders.
Ramsay D D 547 broadway Adams Christopher rear of state
Rodgers Sherlock 247 s pearl Allanson Peter 1 elm
Sayles Alexander 90 green Boardman William 46 howard
Stone G C 415 broadway
Borden J R 41 ja^
Thompson William 6 ca'nal Bruce and ClemsliTre patroon
Whitney James 39 s pearl
Young & Server 520 broadway
Cameron W
5 grand
Courtwriglit EM
cor herkimer and church
Bowling Alleys. Cunningham J bleecker
Cook John 164 state Deforest J J & B
S union below hamilton
La Grange John J 21 norton Hawley Aaron 54 bleecker
McNab Peter 46 jaroes Holdridge D F 74 eagle
Montross Henry 39 Columbia Jarvis J J cor broadway and spencer
Palmer & Booge 96 state Jones William patroon
Stryker J P cor church and herkimer Luce Edwin 22 franklin
Brass-founders. McGrath Morris H) arch
McElroy William 63 beaver Morse Henry lancasler
Maxwell James !Jl s pearl Morse James A lancaster
Orr William 64 beaver Owens James 109 l>eaver
Cuyler green SexKMi & Poinier 49 franklm place
Brewers. Ward J C 166 lydius
Amsdell William -western turnpike Carpetings.
Boyd Robert 61 iVrry Corbiere William A 544 broadwoy
Burt Un
cor rnontgomery and colonie K"onz Abrarn 43 grand
Dunlop 28 quay Van Gaasbeck John 34 green
 Business Directory. 211
Carpet Weavers. Johnson John 51 bassett
Koonz Abram cor grand and ha mil ton Kennedy Michael canal
Ray Anna 297 Washington Laughlin Felix canal
Carriage-makers. Lay John 121 third arbor hill
Leach Edward 116 green
Caldwell William J 90 green
Chesebro & Eimendorf 19 church Ledwidge Patrick 9 dewitt
Goold James & co cor ham and division Levings J 790 broadway
Lloyd & Jones 80 hamilton
Long John 65 third arbor hilt
Luther John 105 canal
Long & Silsby 2S4 s pearl
Wemple J D W
53 hamilton
McCormiek John 174 broadway
McGrath Morris 32 water
Cartmen. McGuire Hugh cor state and park
Appleton William G7 Van Woert Mclntyre John 1 1 ferry
Austin Abraham 275 Washington McKown John A 55 grand
Baldwin B A liamilton dove w Me Laughlin William spencer
Becker Hiram 152 orange Me Williams John 45 van zandt
Beers Benjamin 2 garden Maher Thomas 72 n lansing
Bennett James 41 n lansing Matthews Andrew 51 Lawrence
Birmingham James 15 rose Maxwell Joseph 40 franklin
Boone William 795 broad way Moffit William 76 franklin
Booth Thomas 47 fayette Murray Peter cor schuyler and franklin
Butler J W
79 church
swan w Murray Dennis 57 canal
Cain James orange Murray Francis John st alley
Carls John 59 s lansiug
Murtaugh Michael 21 clinton
Carroll Owen 103 third arbor hill
Neely Joseph 49 westerlo
Chandler Jeremiah 7 clewitt Nichols William 126 Jefferson
Cheever C P 1" qtiuckenbush Owens Ira 72 montgomery
Clare William 19 orange
Pangburn John 36 spring'
Colter Matthew 81 broad Percival J C 105 patroon
Conner John 45 fayette Peters Edward 79 canal
Courtney Isaac 8 jay- Poole John 65 n lausing
Crawford Robert J40 green Quinlan Michael 107 first
Crocker Anson 19 orange Radliff Jacob 059 broadway
Cnrtin Bart westerlo near elm
Cutler J jr 26 second arbor hill
Ramsay John 33 water
Ramsay Philip 221 state
Cutler Lyman 51 colonie Reed William 216 state
Ferguson John 143 orauge Reed William H 216 slate
Finn Michael 30 canal Reed John S 216 state
Finn Patrick 72 canal
Relyea Levi 130 arch
Finnigan John '260 lydius Richards Owen 172 hudson
Fitzpatrick Thomas basement exchange Rock Charles 64 Rensselaer
Flamlrew John IS orange Rose Henry 44 spring
Fowler Charles H 45 van woert Schmertsef J A 76 patroon
Frost Jacob 49 fayette
Seely John 35 lumber
Fryer Isaac 410 bowery Seymour James 142 lydius
Gilvona Tliomas canal e swan M westerlo we swan
Sharp A
Godden William 313 state Sharp David westerlo we swan
Goewey Solomon 912 bro Sheridan Barney cor first aud swan
Gorman Archibald 99 scliuyler
Simons Benjamin 160 spring
Gormlev Patrick 104 Jefferson Simons George 11 knox
Grady Patrick 9 westerlo Simons Henry 160 spring
Gritfiu Michael 45 n Lansing Simons Morris 175 orange
Grogan Hugh westerlo w swan Simons Peter 183 orange
Hamilton James 36 u lausiug- Skinner Charles 213 broad
Hare George 181 spring Smith Jacob 12 oran?e
Hart Patrick 40 franklin
Stackpole John B 346 lydius
Haswell John E 960 s pearl Stevens Jesse 49 fayette
Hatcher William westerlo w swan Stevenson James 17 james
Hazard W
H 126 n pe;irl Stewart Adam 47 fayette
Herring Thomas 140 s pearl Storey Terence 47 van schaick
Hibbard Truman 410 broadway
Taylor Robert 200 green
Hosford Selah swan arb >r hill Thornton Philip 32 Jefferson
Hyde Harvey 38 water Tompkins John B 142 jeffi-rson
Johiwoo William 200 broadway Truax CVS hamilton w dove
Johnson Daniel 119 Jefferson Turner C 21 dewttt
J. olnisou Joha M \villet
 212 Business Directory.
Van Schoonhoven James
Vine Robert 82 Washington
65 van woert Waggoner W
H 131 Hamilton
Warren C J delavan house
WalkerS 1 74 Jefferson Way P M wesleyan chapel
Walker E 14 lumber Wise Isanc 77 ferry
Walter P 57 rensselaer Wyckoff JN lOOIydius
Watson Simeon 49 high Clocks.
Weaver Nicholas 53 dewitt
(See Watches and Jewelry}
Whalen William head of canal
Wickham Elias 113 canal Clothing Stores,
Wickham William 115 canal Allen Hiron W
425 broadway
Baird James 17 s pearl
Winne Adam 35 Jefferson
Wolf Philip 113 canal Bew L 307 broadway
Wright S 141 green Bulger R 1 exchange building
Cook Thomas cor broadway and hudson
Cement, &C. Derby Levi L 373 broadway
Warner Jacob 33 broad way Dix Perry 421 broadway
Woodruff Halsey cor plain and grand Dorr Elisha 415 broadway
Chaii -makers. Duncan & Jackson 403 broadway
Bussey John state Duncan H R 483 broadway
McChesney Lucas H 108 state Heermans John 417 broadway
Parnell W 93i-ptate Herman Solomon 54 s pearl
Winne William' B 83 state Lawton Anthony 424 broadway
Chandler. Lynch John cor centre and n lansing
Dey Ermand John chapel n canal Lynch Owen 10 little basin
(See Soap and Candles ) Matiimore Thomas 23 lawrence
China, Glass & Earthen ware. Murray Hugh 401 broadway
Fisher 37 Washington
Mary Newberg J & S 329 broad way
Gregory aud co 51 state
Newton R N 377 broadway
liees Thomas 98 state Parker 459 broadway
Mclntosh S & W EC
416 broadway Rooney Michael D 399 broadway
Van Heusen Sc Charles 69 state Sanders S and co 21 s pearl
Sullivan T 13 little basin
Clergymen. Swift Hugh 55 quay
Barry J K 2 franklin Tuey Thomas 3-ulansin
Beecher 31 grand
White Isaac 331 broadway
Campbell John N 93 hudson Street Richard 409 broadway
Campbell William H Albany academy
Clark J 29 plain Coach-ware and Saddlery.
Steele Roswell 420 broadway
Conroy John J 99 colonie
Davenport grace church Wright N 444 broadway
Ferguson slate st Coal dealers.
Frazer J 76 ferry Belknap McKercher Sc Campbell cor
Groube Bartholomew 35 grand spencer and montgomery
Halloway WW
134 green Curran H D 205 broadway
Hunting! on EA
111 n pearl Groesbeck J & A 45 Columbia
Jefferies R
19 plain McAuley M
cor arch and dallius
Kennedy Duncan 55 n pearl Schuyler James cor bassett and franklm
Kip William I 126 slate Taylor James 166 broadway
McClaskey P 51 dallius White J G cor hudson and eagle
McCloskey revdr 14 lodge Wilbur and Tbwnseud 175 broadwuy
Martin B N delavan Coffee Factories.
Miles John delaware turnpike Chase LA and co 9 exhange
Morrow Samuel F 71 patroon Thomas Job a 10
Noble E 89 third arbor hill exchange
Pepper John 16 high
Commission Merchants.
Pohlman H N
136 Washington
Crafts BF 115 pier
Dorr and Englehart 31 quay
Potter Horalio 68 maiden lane
Raw.son T
R 45 high Dwight H W
44 quay
Schmidt F W French and Stevenson 20 pier
Gilbert Lucien M
38 quay
Selkirk E 68 herkimer
Hale Sylvester 117 pier
Sessions John Albany academy
Jones Benjamin P 106 pier
Sprague William B 51 Washington Read and Rawls 118 pier
Stark D swan and Washington
Root Arthur H 5 Hudson
Taggart C M
74 division
Savage James 121 pier
Trop Veist 78 arch Van Sickler R M
and co 10 maiden lane
 Business Directory. 213
Confectioners. Frisbie John B mansion house
Anderson Mrs 570 broadway Frothingham W W
B 81 slate
513 broadway
Anderson George 81 state Gaffney Dennis
Bowers David N 916 broadway Gallup Albert blunt's building
Briare B 453 broadway Gansevoort Peter 13 douw's building
Burt Edward 19 Columbia Gibb Thomas W
50 state
Groesbeck S A 56 state
Campbell Mrs cor hamilton and green
Clarkson M
98 state Hadley William J 83 state,
Hammond L S 450 broadway
Dennison William 22 s pearl
Fairchild M
60 state Hammond S H 450 broadway
Jewett Miss C 71 n pearl Harris Hamilton 6 exchange building
Latham William G 11 wilson Harris Ira 6 exchaage building
May Edward 5 n lansing Harwell HB 87 s pearl
Winn Mark cor s pearl pnd herkimer Haw!ey N 21 douw's building
Hawley Gideon 4 exchange building
Coopers. Higgins Solomoti F 75 state
Byrne John 112 pier Hill Nicholas 57 state
Ha\ve Matthew 55 dean Hill John J 13 douw's building
Hawe William 74 quay Hills A S 22 jay
Parr Richard 94 franklin
TJ HiltonR J 78 state
Radliff 5-2 philip
AVooley and Harris 120 washiugtoa
Hilton W J D81 state
Hoist ein LD city hall
Coppersmiths. Howard N jr 57 hawk
Griffin P H cor Stephen andjauaes James Thomas D 66 slate
Smith Peter 16 beaver Jenkins Charles M
44 state
Counsellors. Joice R L commercial building
Allen Otis 5 douw's building KellyW S 94 state
Austin C TJ 37 state King N G 450 broadway
Bancroft R I,. G 445 broadway Kingsley Hale 59 slate
Barnard D D 1 academy park L'Amoureux James 8 douw's building
Barnes William 450 broadway Lansing Jacob 68 state
Benedict Lewis jr city hall Lansing C Y 3 douw's buildings
Bingham R H 450 broadway Lansing G Y
513 broadway
Birdseye Lucien 59 state Lansing Ch:irles B 513 broadway
Blanc-hard Anthony 94 state Lansing L F 450 broadway
Bramhali C H 78 slate Learned William L 71 state
Brinsmatle J B douw's building Livingston John D 94 state
Brown .'ames 445 broadway McHarg William C 81 state
Burton J I 66 state McKov/n James 44 state
Burwell Dudley exchange building McMahon Ms 37 slate
Cagger Peter 57 state Mc.Martin Duncaa 44 state
Callanan James jr 50 state Martin H H J52 state
Campbell Duncan 60 chapel Meads Orlando 489 broadway
Cassidy William atlas office law building Mink Charles VV 45 arch
Cole John 513 broadway Morange William D 42 James
Cole John O police office Morrell A justices' court
Collier John A 542 broadway Newland John commercial building
Colt Joseph S 94 state Nichols M C G 10 douw's building
Colvin Andrew 106 state Northrop RH 8 douw's building
Courtney S G 4 exchange Nugent H P state hall
Cross J R8 howard Olcott John J 2-5 n pearl
Daniels .Spencer 66 state Paddock William S 71 state
Dean and Newland commercial building Paige J C Y broadway
Deforest Dewitl C 8 exchange build iug Palmer Levi H 7 coster's fcuildiug
De Lancey E F 44 state Parker A J 143 Washington
Denniston Gerrit V
S43 state Parolee William 44-2 broadway
Dexter James 3 n pearl Parsons S H II police office
Doolittle E \ 83 state Peckham G W
W 9494
state
Downing George 73 patroon Peckham R state
Edwards F S 1 commercial buildiug Pepper Calvin 16 high
Edwards Isaac 3 n pearl Pepper Calvin jr 183 hamilton
Edwards Jaies 4?0 broad way Percy awl Hi^g-ins 75 state
Ford John W
460 broadway Porter John K 57 state
Forsylh William 6 state W Pruyn J V L 53 state
French James M
3 cliutcn square Pruyu R H 513 broad way
214 Business Directory.
Pugsley CA 443 broadway Brockway J 16 n pearl
Raclcliff D V N 70S broadway Douglass George 77 lydiu*
Reynolds M T 25 n pearl Monroa Joshua 17 green
Rhoades Julius b' exchange building Nelson R and A 22 n pearl
Robertson William D 251 Washington Wheeler U H 18 n pearl
Robinson A D 94 state Wood John S cor hudson and s pearl
Rose James R 75 state Distillers.
Russell David justices' court Claason II S40 broadway
Sanders J B 9 douw's building Tracey and Ed sou cor mout and colonie
Settle Jacob M
city hail Wilkinson Jacob 27 dean
Sharp Alexander P 71 state Dress-makers.;
Shepard S O above na and f bank Cameron S 13 park
Sherman Epaphras J 5U2i broadway Cluxton Nancy 65 arch
Sternbergh Jacob 59 s pearl Da -idson M R 56 Lafayette
Stevens Samuel 480 broadway
Grew. Mrs S 46 s pearl
Stevens Cyrus 480 broadway
Hard) Aim 140jenerson
Street AB state library
Holcomb Hannah 41 lark-
Sturtevam 3 chapel Kendall Mrs 238 broadway
Taber Azor G commercial building Lenox Miss 8i beaver
Ten Broeck C cor s'.euben and broadway McKee Mrs 43 orange
Ten Eyck Anthony 53 Columbia Moclair Mary 615 broadway
Tillinghast J L franklin house Pardon Maria 23 steuben
Troiter Matthew coopers building
Patterson Miss 44 orange
Tyler John J blunt's building West Miss E 64 chapel
Van Buren Thomas B 115 green, Wilbur D A 38 spring
Vanderpoel I 5 academy park Wilcox Miss 92. hndson
Van Epps H V D 7 exchange buildiiug
Van Hoovenburgh T S 450 broadway Drugs, Medicines, &c.
Van Rmsselaer B S 62 chapel Briggs R B 4 exchange
Van Rensselaer J S 2 douw's building Burrows and Nellegar 43 s pearl
Van Rensselaer Richard cooper's building Burton B 1 delavan house
Van Schaack S D 25 n pearl Byrnes Jonathan 24 s pearl
Van Vechten Abraham state hall Dexter George 57 state
Van Vechten Teunis 44 state Ford & Grant cor Washington and hawk
Van Yoj'st Hooper C 6 exchange building Frothing harn C 440 broad way
Van Wie Lansing SJefferson. McClure A and co 74 statts
Wasson C C 4 state 1
Pierce William H 506 broadv/ay
Weed William G 59 state Pulling H P 70 state
Werner John state I 5!) Springsteed & Bullock cor pearl & lydiu*
Westerlo Rensselaer 41 n pearl Vandenbergh AF cor broadway & hudson
Wheaton Henry S3 state G Wharton WA 381 broadway
Whelpley J 75 M
slate Dry Goods.
Whipple ADL81 state WHOLESALE.
White William D commercial building Rleecker George M
406 broadway
Willett E S 78 state King R H and co 49 state
Wilson G L commercial building Sheldon, and Wood 467 broadway
Wilson J Q
5 exchange Smith Carey and Moseley 477 broadway
Wood Bradford R 59 state Strong A M and WN
445 bxoadway
Wood house D 106 state Woodburn and Dey Ennand 35, state

Wood^orth John 113 state RETAIL

Worcester Eldad 30 spring Bailey and Ostrorn, 73 Washington
A V right Doodatus 3 n pearl Blatner and co 384 broadway
Wyman H 4 stale Boyd S V 42.8 broadway
Vales Win cor montgomery and coluiabia Brown William G 490 broadway
Yates Henry kane's park Colin J and I 72 s pearl
Young William A 4 exchange building Cook Joseph S 530 broadway
Younglove TG 44 state Cyapo Seth 56 state
Daguerreotypers. DurTey Miss M 493 broadway
Churchill 54 state EJirich J and co 2 s pearl
Gavit Daniel K 4 SO broadway
E.r%vin William H
238 Washington
Mead! and brother 2 exchange building Fryer and McMichael 326 broadway
bissou N E
496 broadway Gay and Mygalt 486 broadway
Hendrickson Mrs 92^ s pearl
Dentists. Holmes Henry B 16 s pearl
5S3 broadway
Humphrey J J 53 state
 Business Directory. 215
Ledderer Abram 53 * prarl
Lehrberg and Lederer 380 broadway
Finding Stoics.
Covert A 53 dean
Levi Solomon 52 s pearl
Gross S jr 34 hudson
Luke S and H 6s pearl
Guest and Laney 43 dean
McElroy James G30 broadway Holt J and co 45 hudson
McElroy William 645 broadway Van Schaack John 43 dean
Mabbett J G 384 broadway
Mesick Henry T 340 broadway Fire Brick.
Minster S 38]- s pearl Bender MWcor dallius and westerlo
Mork Gott and Palmer cor Lundson and hawk
Philip J72spei;rl
Mygatt Thomas 486 broadway Florists and Nurserymen.
Mylet Barthdomew 102 broadway Wilson James near penitentiary
Newwitter J 40 s pearl Hall James del a ware turnpike
Perry N W
504 broadway Flour dealers.
Post'jA 474 b*oadw.ay Akin EC 73 quay
Reedstone Isaac 37i s pearl
Rogers W
C 168 s pearl
Artcher Michael 63 quay
Averill and Marshall 38 quay
Sampson Alexander 209 s pearl Barrett and Prown 31 quay
Sheline Alfred 81 s pearl Bement Caleb 9 Hudson
Shrishimer L 142 s pearl Bennett E B 65 quay
Schloss Moses 341 broadway
Sporborg Joseph -36 s>peurl
Bentley C W87 quay
Blalner Henry 21 hamilton
Stearns J O 538 broad way Bowman Peter E 49 quay
Stilwell William B 80 state Brown Thorns A 31 quay
Taylor and Deforest 423 broadway Carey J and D H 43 quay
Van Alen C cor s pearl and hudson
Van Aernem Bei;jamin 242 wa hington Chapman William and son 81 quay
Van Gaasbeck & Emerson 452 broadway Chiptnanand Savage 151 piesr
Clark A S 46 quay
Van Ness & Brown cor broadw & lumber
Walker Mrs 81 washiuglon Camming Alexander 187 Washington
Duraut E A 119 pier
Waterbury R P and co 595 broadway Durant Lathrop and co 35 quay
Waterrmm J E 63 Washington
Watson W
ILand co 08 state
Wheeler T V L 581 broadway
Miller Nathaniel 599
Patten M and
S 39 quay
broadway

White George 554 broadway Ring N and J 63 quay

Wilder X II 57 Washington Sayles J and G M
62 quay

Wiles Lewis cor s pearl and state Shepherd and co broadway upper end
Wiles R P & T II cor hudson and s pearl Smyth C T 40 quay
Terry OG 120 pier
Zeh David 40 liavvk Tweddle and Darlington S3 quay
Dyers. Wright and co 116 pier
Condon James 36 orange Fresh Fish.
Giffin William <?0 norton Parker Joseph north market
Laycock 17 norton Simmons E J centre market
Leddy P B 20 iiortoii Fruit.
Niblock John 43 hudson Anderson J H 62 green
Eating-houses. Anderson James 25 s penrl
Griffi:i S 6 green A very and co 351 and 353 broadway
Thompson Mrs 96 state Childs Daniel 644 broadway
Wilbur Alvin 80s pearl Clark Joseph S3 Washington
Engravers. Fairrhild Benjamin 28 second arbor hill

OX 'WOOD. Ford widow -Hi rcen

Carson Robert II 6 exchange Hagaman and Cowell 2~3 broadway
Pease R H 516 broadway Hawes Isaac L 276 Washington
on COPPER. Holland Edward 39 n pearl
Cooper D M480 broadway Porter F cor hudson and broadway
-Gavit and Duthie exchange buildings Robinson Primus 83 state
Shank Robert 51 union
Expresses.
Vanderlip D R cor n pearl and
state
"Greene and co 14*exchange building
Johnson R
L 11 exchage building Whitecar J 5-5 broadway
Thompson and co 11 exchange bidding Fur and Caps.
Wells and co 11 exchange building Prentice J II and co 105 water
Fancy Goods Treadwell G C and co 449 broadway
Shaw Matthew 750
broadway Furniture Warehouses.
BR and R L 494 broadway Harris E A 531 broadway
Speknaji
216 Business Directory.
Howe D 98 state Globes.
McKown A F cor s pearl and lydius
Lancaster C and D 230 lydius
Meads John 549 broadway
jr Standish Z 271 Washington
Merrifield and Wooster 49 s pearl
Parsons Harvey 5^6 broadway
Glovers.
Winne John 15 n pearl Hill Thomas 78 state
Newman Henry 557 broadway
Forwarding Merchants. Grocers.
Baker H C 103 pier
Brainard BC 29 quay WHOLESALE.
Brown William cor steuben and water Batcheldor G and E C 18 state
Carter Joseph I cor quay and liudson Bulkley and Crapo 50 quay
Chamberlain and Olmsted 42 quay Cook and vying 12 state
Chapin an 1 co 1 hudson Crapo William 17 state
Chase and co 1 14 pier Davis William 11 state
Clark Charles V 90 pier Monteith and co 24 dean
Clarke WH and co 42 quay Schoolcraft Raymond and co 14 hudson
Stanton G Wcor quay and state
Cuyler C J 66 quay
Evan? Louis E 49 quay Wadley M S and co 347 broadway
Evertsen A 31 quay Wait and Vernam 359 broadway
Gay George E 102 pier Weidman and Shell 10 state
Godard C W
93 pier Wilson and Grimwood 7
AVilson aud Mintroll
state
Greene and Mather 66 quay
Hewett H B and co 1 1 1 pier RETAIL.
Hovey O S 93 pier Armitage William M
58 canal
Huber Jacob 211 bowery Baillie Charles cor franklin and John
Johnson and Curtis 66 quay Barker James 45 fayelte
Littlejohn Levi 8 96 pier
Bartholomew C cor hudson and high
McKissick S 65 quay Barlley James 65 colonie
Mai lory J H and co 1 hodson Bender William M
cor lydius and lark
Moore George 19 pier Bergen Charles 28 quay
O/msted D W42 quay Birch G A 45 Washington
Patten J W 66 quay Blair John S cor pine and chapel
Blake Owen 15 Columbia
Pease J H and co 1 hudson
Phelps Austin 21 lancaster Blank Thomas cor arch and church
Prosser E S cor state and quay Bortle Richard 272 broadway
Redfield Charles B 113 pier Bracken widow 12clinion
Schuyler T 20 quay Brammall George C 60 beaver
Shaw B F 95 pier Brooks Jonathan jr 79 green
Terry OG 120 pier Brower Alburtus 194 broadway
Travis and co 103 pier Brown Daniel 25 lawrence
Vandevvater W
II and co 101 pier Brown Matthew cor chapel and canal
Van Santvoord A 113 pier Bulger John 25 quay
Wetmore and Richards 44 quay Burke John cor Hamilton and dove
Williams II A 44 chapel Burns John 117 pearl
Yard ley C 79 pier Burton S P 198 broadway
Gardens. Buss Charles cor hawk and green
Mineral Spring 58 ferry Butler Thomas 83 ferry
National 772 broadway Bygate Richard 373 lydius
Gardeners. Byrne Michael 214 broadway
Byrne James 120 broadway
Fitzgerald Patrick 32 canal CahillJohn ISO broadway
Fortune Et'.ward cor lydius and swan
Calverly Stubbs 124 broadway
Grady Thomas 82 church Campbell George 613 broudway
Hermitage William N
58 canal
Campbell Hugh 141 broad
McDonald Cornelius 57 rensselaer
Mayniird John 349 Washington
Campbell John W
9 ferry
Canan Dennis 13 quay
Neely Robert 99 schnyler Patrick cor franklin & mulberry
Switzer F 167 broad Carmody
Carroll Eil ward 17 quay
Turner Isaac 203 lumber
Gas-fitters.
Chamberlain N W
860 broadway
Chandler S T 178 broadway
Carroll MJ lron<lw;iy Chapman Morgan L 30 quay
Mmisig and Bormann 623 broadway Clark James 680 broadway
Gents' Furnishing Stores. Clark John A 510 broadway
Baker T S 518 broarUvny Clark Luke cor maiden lane and lodge
Lansingh K V R 454 broudway Clarke Michael 9 pine
 Business Directory. 217
Colin and Rothschild 133 s pearl bsort Washington 160 broadway
Colemay Christopher 53 first arbor hill Gould Francis 34 herkimer
Conner James 42 union Grady Patrick 19 quay
Conner Michael 56 colonie Grattan Patrick 328 Washington
Cook Asher 5 exchange Gray James 152 lydius
Corrigjin William 1GU green Griffin R M 201 broadway
Costigan John 100 orange Halligan Patrick cor swan and westerlo
Couch John cor Washington and snipe Harrison John 71 canal
Courtney Joseph cor dallius and John Hart John 42 second
Cowell and Flaherty 117 quay Hart Owen cor church and green
Coyle Terence 13 Columbia Hart and Stevens 37 hamilton.
Cramer Patrick cor rcns*e.laer & franklin Haswell &. Ransom cor green & westerlo
Croister James 12G Washington Hayes Edward 291 state
Cummings George cor division and liberty Hayes Michael 87 green
Deforest Charles A cor green and hamilton Hayes Michael 192 green
Deforest Curtis 35 hamilton Heffernaa Jams cor misselaer & s pearl
Dc-mpsey Patrick 48 van woert Ht-nnessyThomas 16 van zandt
Demsey John cor van zandt and fulton Hennessy widow 401 stale
Dermody Henry cor chapel & van schaick Iliggins Bernard 29 van woert
Diamond William M 76 n pearl Higgins Thomas 21 lawrence
Dickson L J 8 steuben Hill George 61 pier
Dillon John 136 s pearl Hill Henry 45 pier
Donchue John 40 van schaick Hilton S VA 839 broadway
Donnelly F and A 112 quay Hiney Jacob 132 arch
Donnelly Thomas 76 orange Hogeboom and J 149 broadway
1'

Donovan John cor church and mulberry Holler Jacob 1M) Washington
Dooley Martin ISO s pearl IIoull Oliver third cor swan
Doo'.ey Michael 203 water Hughes Thomas A cor l;irk and spring
Dormley Andrew cor quay and John Hurst William 23 s pearl
Dowd John cor lumber and center Isdell William cor lydius and broad
Droogau C 3 morton Jones Thomas 133 broad
Dunn Charles 192 broad way Jordan Joseph A 22 clinton
Dunn Philip 351 state Joynt John 140 s pearl
Dunn Philip jr 323 state Kappes John 193 s pearl
Eagan John 99 canal Keelin John cor arch and dallius
Eagan Patrick 81 quay Kelly Patrick cor arch and broad
Early Thomas 46 colonie Kelly Thomas 40 montgomery
Eaton S .S S2 Washington Kennedy Dennis cor first and swan
Eggleston .John M 22 quay- Kennedy Philip 58 union
Elder George cor orange and chapel Kieley J P cor broad and schuyler
Erwm Robert 27 lumber Kiernan William cor eagle and elm
Ewing P II cor hudson and daniels Kiley J P cor arch find broad
Falke Henry b44 broadway Killion Patrick 136 broadway
Falkes George cor clinton and alexander Kilmer J G211 green
FarrellJames little basin King 6 W46 second arbor hill
Feltman John C cor hudsor. and grand Kinney John S foot Columbia st bridge
Finch Orville cor pearl and hudson Kirkpalrick Edward centre market
Finn Timothy 68 green Kirkpatrick Mrs ceutre market
Fisher John D cor lydius and lark Lawlor Fanton 261 state
Fisher Michael 105 snipe Lnwlor Martin cor lumber and water
Filzsirnmons and Smith 15 quay Lawrence Mary Ann 131 franklin
Flood Mrs cor orange and water Lee William 59 n lansing
Foley James 52 church Leonard S S cor lyd ins & delaware turn.
Foot Truman S 311 broadway Leonard Thomas 78 franklin
Fortune Edward cor lydius and swan Lightbody Andrew cor church & westerlo
Fox Patrick cor arch and green Loc liner George 64 Washington
Frederick James C 90 Washington Loomis S A cor s pearl and hamilton
Fredenrich Philip centre market Lynch Barnard cor green and schuyler
Freest E MP cor water and lawrence Lyons 14 quay
Frishee Edwin 71 Washington Lyons Joseph 53 hawk
Fryer John 778 broad way McBnde J and W
2<i2 Washington

Galipo Nelson cor colonie and centre McCafferty John 47 lumber

Gates Owen T cor state and park McCarty 369 state
Gaynor Thomas D 34 quay McCaugan 191 broadway
Geran Anthony 67 broadway McClelland Joseph 61 eagle
218 Business Directory.
McCole James 9 plain Queeny M199 wa'er
McEntee James 169 green Radfort WHliam F cor ferry and church
ATcEntee John 21 canal Rafferty Cimrles 13 quay
McEvily Patrick 2 Howard Ramsay James cor broadway and colonie
McEvoy John cor green and rensselaer Rankin S 108s pearl
McGurvey James 22 Jackson Reardon Timothy IS} broadway
McGinn Michael 100 schuyler Riley Edward cop'swan and second
MtfGinnU Patrick 174 moingonTery Robison Mrs 377 state
McGimriiy Patrick 5(3 broad Rosengarten Joseph G~2 s pearl
McGovern John cor arch and dallius Rowe Matthew 56 lawrence
McGran Patrick 77 schuyltr Russell Jason 150 Washington
McKennsi Barney 194 broadway Ryan Patrick 13S jeffersoh
McMahon Francis 59 n ferry Sayles James 2 william
McManus James 188 broadway Sayles James jr cor lumber and water
MacNamara Hugh 227 Washington Scanlan W 5 maiden lane
Schwartz Simson cor green and ferry
MeNulty Christopher 150 s pearl
MacShane Felix 74 quay Schuyler Cortland and co 870 broadway
McShea James 225 broudw.iy r
Schuyler and "\ an Antwerp 88 bassett
Maher Robert 159 broadway Scott William B cor swan and second
Mallon Thomas w swan Serviss John D cor beaver and lodge
Malone James 78 beaver Serviss William cor lydius and swan
Malvy William cor lodge & maiden lane Shacklefr>n James 19 "lawrence
Martin Boyd cor fiird ami swan Shaver John 90 Washington
jKTarlin William 35-2 broadway Sheridan William cor reiuselaer & dalliua
Mead Titus cor water and n lerry Slioory Mi% 89 canal
Merrifiekl William eagle near lydius Shouts John A 2111 water
Miles Joseph cor arch and s pearl Sickles John A 76 s p.-arl
Miller Charles Simons John 780 broadway
Mix H and S 265 s pearl Simons N E and J C co-- lydius and rose
Moulder Michael cor canal and chapel Simpson John 235 s pearl
Monahan John 5 little basin Slack Granville cor lydiu- and dove
M"ore Jasper 53 green Slave n Michael cor broadway & schnyler
Moore S B 4 division Smith and Packard cor green and hudion
Morrow James cor ferry and broadway Smith Barney 17 second
MoslainG 150 lark Smith Bernard 26!) s pearl
Mullen John 22 pier Smith David 8~s pearl
1

Mulligan P cor Jefferson and swan Smitfi Egfekiel 17 wa^'iington

Murphy Edward lj;7 s pearl Smith Matthew cor broad and aiexander
Murphy Patrick cor schuyler & alexander Spears Eoenezer 68 lawrence
Murray Dennis 115 broad .Spencer Spencer 1U9 Washington
Murray John 8 Columbia Stein Myer 6S w. sterlo
Murray John cor westerlo and quay- Sterne Isaac 3^ s pearl
Murray L 155 orange Stewart James 2-3 westerlo

Murray Owen cof Hamilton and philip Sullift" EA23 lancaster

Neff Willianr cor daniel and beaver" SutliffiGeorge 2S7 Washington-
:

Neff& Ford cor^broadw-ay and qunckenb Sutliff T"M 741 broadway

Neville Isaac cor water and n landing Swartz Abram oor arch and broad
Neville John 8 lydius Taggerty Mrs 1 clinton
Norton MU-Hael 114 canal Tallrnan Darius 8 n lansing
Norwood David 81 orange Tarbell G S 65 quay
&
Nowlau Jeremiah cor philip van zandt Thomson Alextuuler 93 church
Oberisi Charles 1 Columbia T lomson C N 50 philip
O'Conner John 37 division Tiernan Owen 121 quay
O'Flaherty P 160 spear Triger C 259 Washington
O'Hanlon M 15 blrecker Van Aernem J B I'l water
O'Neil M 12 n lansing \ anderlip E'R cor ereen and Hudson
7

Oppenheim G cor franklin and herkimer Van Valkenburgh William 14 n lansing

Osborn J H and II cor s pearl a-id lydius Van Wormer Peter 237 Washington
Patree S 174 broad Van Zandt G D 646 broadway
Pemberton E & J cor n pearl & Columbia Veeder and Bates 114 s pearl
Perry Hiram 174 Washington Veeder V cor centre and n lansing
Pester William 342 state Vickers John 259 P pearl
Porter Jeremiah 3(39 Washington Waddel James 192 n pearl
Power D 148 Broadway Waddel Samuel cor n pearl and orange
Putnam and Shaw foot Columbia Wallace Christopher 103 orange
 Business Directory. 219
Wallace John 43 rensselaer
Wallace M
713 broadway Intelligence Offices.
Board man D 47| Hudson
Walls Peter cor Jefferson and swan Burt John 22 s
Walt* Charles 205 broad pearl
Weeks and Relyea 78 pier Iron Fence-builders.
W^elch James 57 s pearl Carls J D
william
Westheimer Abraham cor Schuyler and s
Covert H W
cor steuben and water
Starks and Pruyn 48 liberty
pearl
Whitney James F 200 water Jewelery.
Wilbur Renssdaer cor lydius and dallius (See Watches and Jewelry.)
Wilkins H w
side little basin
Junk Shops.
Wilkinson Abraham 45 grand
Williams John H 9 n pearl McClelland David 176 broadway
Wilon J B cor pine and chapel Welch Benjamin 198 s pearl
Winne J L 734 broadway Justices.
Wormer J C 291 Washington Cole J O
police office
Wright H 163 broadway Cornell Levi lower end s pearl
Young George cor pearl and beaver Morrell Ajustices' court
Young Sidney & co cor lydius and grand Parsons S H H police office
Young S and P 666 broadway Sargent Parker justices' court
Gunsmiths. Lace Goods.
Beebee blunt's building Barclay C 512 broadway
Churchill O cor green and beaver Hind man A G 534 broadway
Scott W
J and RH
9 beaver Leask John 522 broadway
Van Valkenburgh S 11 beaver Law Booksellers.
Hair-work. Gould Banks and Gould 104 state
Blanchard J W 515 broadway Little and co 53 state
Stiles Maria 23 Hudson Leather dealers.
Hardware dealers. Anable and Smith 30 sjate
Corning and co 451 broadway HepinstallG 25 Hudson
Davidson and Viele 46 state Holt J and co 45 hudson
Fry Daniel 40 state . Humphrey F cor state and dean
Humphrey and co 41 state l Ruyter John 18 Hudson
Miles NB 94 state Seymour Forsylh and co 6 state
Pruyn a:id Vosburgh 39 state Van Schaack John 43 dean
Warren and Steele 66 state i
Van Valkenburgh Frost and Ruyter 18
Hats, Caps and Furs. hudson
Bougliton Daniel 411
Watson William and co 59 dean
broadway I

Boyd Thomas 537 broadway Liquors, Wines, &c.

Butters Silas 4S5 broadway I Baker James B 7 steuben
Cotrell J G
48 state I
Bratt GT cor william and Howard
Dickson Hugh 54 state ! Claason P J 105 green
Frothingham William 444 broadway j'
Esmay Isaac 28 dean
Hernck E S 400 broadway Fake and Todd 24 stale
Hills Erastus 60 state Foot and Welden 311 broadway
Hussey N 397 broadway Knowlton Hosea 197 broadway
Mayell Alfred 426 broadway Maher James 52 state
Milwain James 84 state Malburn Francis 18 lydius
Robins John S 35| s pearl Mascord Edward 27 s pearl
Van Namee and co 402 broadway Reid and Cushman 7 dean
Herbs. Reno Rensselaer 9 s pearl
Gould James S 413 broadway Boerem Townsend 13 norton
MeEIarg William 22 green Livery Stables.
Hides and Leather. Carter Charles 26 steuben
(See Leather dealers ) Clemens George rear franklin house
Horticultural Articles. Dexier Chauncey cor Hamilton and liberty
(See Seed stares ) Fiisby Edward 161 s pearl
Harris George cor moiden lane and James
Ice dealers. Reed Benjamin 4 william
Hall and Ha w ley Slausson W
F 79 maiden lane
"Ink. Taylor Thomas 114 s pearl
Rosekrans & Ovens cor exchange & dean Wallace A F 41 division.
Starr Alexander 666| broadway Yates H and H 56 montgomery

20
220 Business Directory.
Locksmiths. Marble Manufacturers.
Blackall J W
& J cor Hamilton and fulton Dixon John 36 howard cor lodge
Lovie Alexander 86 green Kenny Thomas K 232 state
Wollensack John 16 van zaudt
Masons.
Looking-glass Manufacturers. Hays J R 122 green
Annesley Lawson 504 broadway Page Peter L 6 chesnut
Burton James and co 3 green Todd Adam 9 high
Riley George 1 green Woodruff Cyrus 30 grand
Lumber. Medicines.
Barnard F
J and son 230 water Herrick and co 6 james
Birdsall William 37 pier Mosher and co 49 Washington
Bloomingdale William H above n ferry Perkins and Gardner 54 beaver
Carroll Arlond 51 pier
Coffee and Brush cor water and spencer Military Goods.
Colburn D K 127 water
Meacham R S 84 state
Cooley Calvin and co 191 water
Wright N and co 444 broadway
Daltou William 13 ten broeck Milliners.
Dewitt William H 67 pier Adams Mrs 88 Hamilton
Easton Charles P 88 water Allen Mrs Jane 48 orange
Fassett Asa 37 pier Andrus Miss 21 steuben
Gay Lusher 32 pier Anslee Mrs 48 Washington
Goodrich David 43 pier Blanchurd J W 515 broadway
Griswold, Mattoon and co cor orange and Boyd Mrs 31 green
water Brayton Misses 47 green
Had lam W
cor montgomery and lumber Courier Miss Ann 47 Washington
Creswell Mrs 12 s pearl
Higbie Hammonds and co above n terry
Hunt William H 1^7 water Davidson Miss 46 Hudson
Ketchum R V R 127 water Easion Mrs Betsey 69 n pearl
Ellis Miss S 4 s pearl
King James B 20 pier
LordTS 18 pier Getty Miss 37 s pearl
Paddock Sjr 127 pier GillMrs E 6S s pearl
Rathbun Joshua 67 pier Gilmore L 540 broadway
Rogers and Callender 116 water Gough Mr* 589 broadway
Romaine J P 118 water Gracie Mrs 608 broadway
Ross William H 13 van tromp Harris Mrs 45 green
Sanford Giles above n ferry Hempstead Elizabeth 524 broadwav
Talcott and Hosmer 61 quay Keeler Mrs C 105 lydiua
Tyler Bullock and co 46 water Kimball Misses 86 Washington
Van Etter J B 11 pier Law Miss 83 n pearl
Van Valkenburgh B 689 broadway McCormick Mrs 43 orange
Vose Franklin upper end pier McKinney Miss 44 s pearl
W hippie S water n canal lock Newton Miss 8 n pearl
Purcell Frances 704 broadway
Whitlock Robert cor water &quackenbush
Williams C P and co 29 pier Rawson Mrs E 330 broadway
Wilson and Mead above n ferry Roberts Mrs 74 chapel
Machinists Singer Miss 50 s pearl
Battel Mellen cor orange and water
Waterman Miss 20 s pearl
Dwelle Albert 15 church Winants Mrs 37 s penrl
Jagger Treadwell and Perry 110 beaver Wooley Mrs 6 3 pearl

Lloyd Thomas cor John and quay Morocco.

Low Colbern Peter cor arr*h and dallius
Pollard C 160 state Guest and Laney 43 dean
Rodgers John 33 lumber Music Teachers.
Townsend F and co cor hawk and elk
Austin Miss Mary 64 westerlo
Wheeler Melick and co cor union and
Cone II R 151 Hamilton
bamilion
Cone Solomon 21 jay
Mahogany. Goold Henry 47 s pearl
Meads John jr 549 broadway (iourley Mrs 117 n pearl
Merrifield and Wooster 49 s pearl
Maeder
Maltsters. Packard Russel 122 Washington
McCulloch W A and co cor dallius and Robinson Thomas L 38 n peart
rensseluer Shaw O J 793 broadway
(See Brewert.) and others
 Business Directory. 221
Newspaper Depots. Gladding and Morrill 484 broadway
Cook Peter 464 broad way Gregory L R 32 green
Gilbert P L under museum Hinkley and Holmes trotter's alley
Hurclis John 9 church
Newspaper Offices. Hutchins S B 10 beaver
Argus exchange building
Atlas law building Porter Ira 535 broadway
Common School Journal 67 state Rogers Stephen 617 broadway
Cultivator 407 broadway Seaion George E 2>1 s pearl
Dutchman broadway Vedder John S lOSlydius
Express 1 green Paints, Oils, and Glass
Freeholder cor Washington and hawk Davis Joseph and co 78 state
Journal cor state and james Ford and Grant cor Washington and hawk
Knickerbacker museum building McCIure A and co 74 state
Messenger broadway Pulling H P 70 state
E
Palladium broadway
Spectator broadway
Switch beaver
Russell
Wharton WandAson 501 broadway
381 broadway
Paper-hangings.
Notaries. Harris D jr 8 green
Fondey Isaac city bank Irwin William 336 broadway
Jenkins John F 7 commercial building Richardson William 60 s pearl
Lee Noah exchange bank Steele and co 360 broadway
Nurses. Paper Warehouses.
Barragar Harriet 166 hudson Pierce J M 75 Washington
Birdsall Eliza 83 bleecker Whitney and Bennett 59 state
Bishop Elizabeth 31 second arbor hill Passenger Agents.
Bo yd Mrs 25 wilson Morse and Osterhout 6 maiden lane
Defreest Mrs 19 Columbia Morse C L and co 78 quay
Flansburgh Jemima 825 broadway Nelligan David cor Hamilton and quay
Godfrey Abbe L 134 n pearl Osborn E 36 quay
Lewis Widow Sarah 12 norton Ross John J 145 third
Lisk Sarah 17 Washington Van Valkenburgh & co cor quay & hodge
Morrison Mary 204 s pearl Weed Henry, 77 lawrence
Patten Mrs 66 chapel
Pattern-makers.
Sickles Mary 174 n pearl
Tetor Ann 154 orange
Gibbs S
Clement
W
H
25 green
6 james
Visscher Eliza 71 lumber
Wands Mrs 20 s lansing Physicians.
Whitney Catharine 70 second Adams H 91 state
Wiley Lydia 17 franklin Armsby J H 669 broadwaj
Wood Eliza 25 van woert Bay William 22 n pearl
Oil-cloth Factories. Beck T Romeyn 29 elk
Meech IT T 5 grand Bigelow U G 30 s pearl
Russell E and son 501 broadway Boyd James P cor hudson and grand
Brown James M
97 herkimer
Oysters. Bucklin Daniel D 618 broadway
Aldrich Adam 36 westerlo Burton R J (thomsonian) 66 chapel
Barnes S S 774 broadway [ilton Campbell John 60 chapel
Burbanks C & G cor broadway and ham-
Cogswell Mason F 13 n pearl
Carle James F 84 Washington Cooke George 3 norton
Cowell R 254 broadway Cox James cor green and lydius
Cowell and Higby 77 state
Cunningham Samuel P 112 church
Miicnamee and Cowell 94 quay Dean N S (botanic) 19 norton
Parker Joseph 606 broadway Elmendorf P E cherry hill
Radley William 81 canal Emmons Ebenezer 159 hudson
Scott John 48 s pearl
Fay Henry B 5 n pearl
Thomas and Jones 291 broadway Fonda D E 97 s pearl
Traber Charles 19 lodge Cannon Patrick 690 broadway
Van Bramer 113 pier
Geoghegan William 116 green
Painters. Griffin C C 789 broadway
Aid en Stephen H 20 beaver Heinsius Otto cor hudson and union
Gladding Freeman 12 william Herrick Lewis R 6 james
Gladding G W
93 state Hinkley John W
33 hudson
Gladding Joseph 93 state Hun Thomas 36 maiden lane
Gladding T C 49 hawk Jones E D (homoeopathic) 34 lodge
222 Business Directory.
Kane Hazel 53 Washington Farrell Thomas 25 church
La Barte John 105 herkimer Flynn John 3 division
Lesczynski Albert cor broadway & lumb Gabel Nicholas 140 monigomery
Levi Joseph 134 s pearl Gould James lower end s pearl
Lockrow V B 56 beaver House William All maiden lane
McMurdy R S 24 second arbor hill Hughes John cor lydius and dallius
McNaughton James 54 n pearl Jacobs L C 104 pier
McNaughton Peter 556 broadway Kranz John 8 rose
March Alden 72 hudson Kreuder George 15 montgomery
Markey N 74 green Lenny William 29 hamiltou
Martin David cor Columbia and broadway Lovell Richard 62 beaver
Masten William L 118 lydius Luce Waller basement exchange
Paine Henry D (homoeopathic) 70 chapel McCotter Henry 10 Columbia
Paine John A (homoeop.) 563 broadway McGowan William 4 beaver
Quackenbush J V P 87 n pearl Molloy Joseph 3 clean
Rossman J B cor lydius and green Peebles John 14 beaver
Russell A W
(botanic) 88 beaver Quin Charles 4 howard
Sheldon B A cor state and hawk Hector John 279 s pearl
Sperry Rufus D 70s n pearl Reuter George 153 broadway
Staats B P 53 n pearl Rose J 18 Washington
Staats P P 42 Shallow John 33 hamilton
Stanton W lydius
B (botanic) 109 s pearl Van Horn Fredas 167 s pearl
Swinburne John 66 eagle Welch William cor green and mulberry
Thompson R H 1 Washington Portrait Painters.
Townsend Howard 64 state
Gladding T A 41 s pearl
Townsend John F 2 academy park Palmer Sylvanus 22 douw's building
Trotter J H
654 broadway Prime Augustus 496 broadway
Van Antwerp (magnetic) william st Shaver V P 25 van schaick
Van Buren John 3 Washington
Taggart J G mansion house
Van Buren Peter 115 green
Van Olinda P cor green and hamilton
Twitchell A W
593 broadway
Van Zandt T K 75 knox
Wendell Peter 7 academy park M
D delavan house
Wendell Herman " Wagner
Wilkies T 98 state
Westervelt Gerrit (botanic) 71 beaver
Willard S D franklin house
Potter's Ware.
Wiltsie David 31 Columbia Smith David 65 lark
Wallace Oliver 103 orange
Wing Joel A 1 Washington Gott and Palmer cor hudson and hawk
Wood J L cor s pearl and hudson
Printers.
Pianofortes. Andrews E arbor hill
Hastings H J museum building
Ballantine and Barhydt 22 union
Boardman and Gray 4 n pearl Kilmer C 6 james
Burns Francis P 5 james Munsell Joel 58 slate
Tlsley F
525 broadway
I
New John 10 beaver
Mayer and Collier 519 broadway Romaine B F 334 broadway
Meacham R S 84 state Stone Henry cor green and state
Wood and Gombel 13 n pearl Van Benthuysen C 407 broadway
Plane-makers. Van Dyck HH law brilding
Bensen and Crannell cor state and lodge Weed Parsons and co 67 state
Bensen and Munsell 42 howard Printers on Copperplate.
Gibson John cor water and spencer
Cooper D M
480 broadway
Porter-houses. Gavit and Duthie exchange building
Adams John 31 hamilton Merchant 80 state
Pease R H 516 broadway
Anthony Jacob 7 maiden lane
Basher Joseph 1 17 arch Produce.
Bendal Edward cor arch and broad Appleton William 145 Washington
Bergeron M
1 division Bedell Daniel 162 Washington
Briggs WW
28 maiden lane Carmichael James 4 exchange
Buckbee Daniel 6 stanwix hall Crauford R B 8 exchange
Cane Jesse 31 union Grant and Sayles 61 quay
Chambers Thomas 79 s pearl Hallenbeck M
1.7 hudson
Crannell J W
101 s pearl Hawley Cyrus 192 Washington
Dee Mrs 38 n pearl Higgins Robert 264 Washington
Elmendorf John 163 broadway Rattoone William 197 Washington
 Business Directory. 223
Smith Patten and co 39 quay Saddles, Trunks, & Harness.
Wheeler H R 6 exchange Bell James N 473 broad way-
Wing and Byrne 90 quay Booth Alfred 105 s pearl
Provision dealers. Clandenuing William 607 broadway
Avery and co 351 and 353 broadway Lloyd and McMicken 342 broadway
Chapman .1 A and co 3 state McChesney E 545 broadway
Crook and Palmer 9 state Slason E B 375 broadway
Cusliman and co 20 state Smith William 311 broatlw.iy
Cushman P C and uo 198 hamilton Traver George 24 Washington
Goffe W
B and J 84 n pearl Van Vlack William 85 s pearl
Hawkins HD 44 quay Whitney Charles 6 n lansing
Jones John 675 broadway Whitney James 10 little, basin
Judson Tchabod L 41 quay Sail-makers.
Kerr W
and J cor s pearl and howard Disney John 69 quay
L'Amoure T E and G 39 Washington Moakley Peter cor hamilton and quay
Lathrop Dyer 89 Washington Sash-makers.
Lord Joseph and son 29 Washington
McCann Felix 45 quay Easterly Thomas 44 elm
Fowler Gilbert C 96 herkimer
McCulloch John 12 exchange
Rose boom Charles 94 hudson
McElroy T cor maiden lane and dean
Merchant L & W
71 quay Saw-filers.
Anson Levinus 82 ferry
Peck S S 8 state
Perry Eli 87 Washington
Hermans C J 127 beaver
Sanders J B and co 72 quay Topping S 7 norton
Smith Ralph 72 Washington Seed Stores.
Williams W
C 289 Washington Emery HL 396 broadway
Real Estate Agents. Thorburn William corner broadway and
Clark and Jones 73 state maiden lane
Fellows and Davis 20 green Sextons.
Fitzpatrick Anthony F 38 steuben Blackall James 1st presbyterian 43 beaver
Scovel A douw's building Davison B C near s pearl baptist church
Refectories. Ensign Guy ferry st method 1st church
Acker P basement museum Litchfield John n methodist church
Adams William cor state and green Pangburn WH36 spring
north method ist
Anthony John 96 state Pottenbergh
Armstrong William cor arch and s pearl Van Bergen P cor van schaick and
chapel
Battersby James cor patroon and n pearl Vandenburgh A 38 beaver
Bedell Richard centre market Wallace Moses 2 franklin place
Bergeron Joseph cor lydius and church Watson Stephen 23 dove
Bradt William 252 broadway Weaver D L 65 green
Cassidy Henry 36 water Wiley William ferry st melhodist
Charles George H cor green & herkimer Winne SP 1 18 n pearl
Duff John All montgomery Skippers.
Franks John 17 hamilton Austin Jeremiah 92 beaver
Galvin John lock number 1 Barnard George T 60 n lansing
Harris James B douw's building Buckbee E 27 dewitt
Harlwell William 580 broadway Burns Walter 23 rensselaer
Hewson Joseph 196 water Cassidy George 128 s pearl
Houck P and J 3 s pearl
j

I Ford Eliakim 120 green

Johnson Daniel C 20 lydius Gillespie Josiah 62 westerlo
McCardell pier foot state and 15 bea -er ! Green MR 277 lydius
McClusky B cor church and s lansing I
McEntee Thomas S 100 spring
Maver and Gladding 130 state i Mink David 8 ferry
Miles James R cor broadway and maiden Murray H L 60 westerlo
lane Page Nicholas 122 n pearl
A
I

Moore Andrew 258 s pearl I Sherwood Stephen 115 church

Reasoner Peter basement exchange !

Silsby Thomas 17 franklin

Rice George E cor ferry and broadway i Winne Gilbert 219 lumber
Ruso F and F cor stale and pearl Soap and Candles.
Strain J F basement exchange Hartness John and co 56 jackson
Taylor and Leslie 27 hudson
Thayer W
B 24 beaver
Strain Joseph cor church and herkimer
Taylor and sons 83 green
Wilson J 29 hudson Ten Eyck MH70 green
224 Business Directory.
Ten Eyck J H and co 17 s laming Topp William H 546 broadway
Wells Agur 177 s pearl
Soda Manufacturers. Tailoresses.
Hand and Murtlia cor Howard and s pearl Arms Mrs 54 division
Harris Jol.iicor broadway and exchange Claudius Julius 50 church
Stonecutters. Reynolds Miss E 73 lumber
Waldron Maria 20 daniels
Gray Alexander cor franklin and John Wood Emeliiie 43 orange
Jones JamesD 65 herkimer
Stove Dealers. Teachers.
Baker C A 10 green Adams E S 59 grand
Baker Samuel 16 green Anthony C H eagle st
Callanan and Wilson 13 green Baldwin AT119 n pearl
Clark J H and co 4 green Brinckerhoff Mrs 112 state
Coughtry Robert T 33 Washington Bulkley J W 172 n pearl
Gregory E H and co 97 green Campbell Rev W
H albany academy
Harvey Francis 7 green Gamine Misses 18 van tromp
Hermance John C G39 broadway Crane Mary 125 hamilton
Hoy John 15 green Goeway Magdalen 20 orange
Learned B P and co 8 maiden lane Hall HT 7 n pearl
McCoy Clark and co 13 green Heely Emma A orphan asylum
McLoughlin C 22 hud son Heely Orissa orphan asylum
Pasco E L 5 green Helme Joseph J 140 spring
Quackenboss Angus 14 state Hughes William H
cor ferry and dallius
Ransom S H and co 26 state Johnson Jeanette R 10 rose
Rathbone and co 9 green Lord Mrs Sarah L 19 philip
Seger Peter 44 Washington McKaig Andrew 36 grand
Shear J H 17 green Marble Joel 218 'state
Tremere & Wands cor beaver and green Matthews N W
arbor hill
Van Wormer and McGarvey 14 green Merrifield Elizabeth 11 grand
Vose and co cor maiden lane and dean Millard Nehemiah 117 green
Stove-works. Parsons L Sprague female academy
Cobb William 192 Washington Perkins G R normal school
Jagger Tread well and Perry 110 beaver Purdy Mrs 13dallius
McCoy Clark and co monigomery Reynolds John 350 lyd us i

Potts Jesse. C cor hamillon and grand Sessions Rev John albany academy
Skerritt Misses 4 high
Quackenboss A water
Ransom and co broadway below s ferry Steele Samuel 52 westerlo
Rathbone and co n ferry Ten Eyck P female academy
Vose and co cor broadway and basselt Trumbull R 157 lydius
Steam Sawing and Planing. Valentine Thomas 182 Washington
Gibson John cor water and spencer Wrightson William T
Zelie James 228 state
Warren Clement cor water & quackenb
Tailors and Drapers. Teachers of Dancing.
Booth William 47 high Deuchar Alexander 60 n pearl
Carpenter and Kirk 71 state Graves A G 80 s pearl
Chatterson J cor broadway and church Shaw Eleanor T 153 state
Cook Thomas cor hudson and broadway
Cooney Michael 495 broadway
Tin-plate and Sheet-iron
Davis R C 3 exchange "Workers.
Duesler Daniel 4S4 broadway Austin William cor green and hudson
Evans Robert 103s pearl Bailey Edward 84 s pearl
Freeman Robert 482 broadway Baker Charles 5SO broadway
Harvey James M 468 broadway Blakeman E C 92 state
Howe S B 481 broadway Born Joseph C 90 green
KirkAbram 497 broadway Brooks David Washington
Lee T E and T 471 broadway Delehanty Michael 26 beaver
Muir William O 52 state Fuller Amasa 638 broadway
Griffin John 716 broadway
Relyea Peter 446 broadway
Sard Grange 448 broadway McLoughlin C 22 hudson
Shamler William 3 stanwix hall Sager Peter 44 Washington
Shepard J G 431 broadway Van Wormer and McGarvey 14 green
Shepard S S 313 broadway Whalen Thomas 13 church
Thorn William 13 beaver Whitney and duett 18 beaver
 Business Directory. 225
Tobacco, Snuff and Cigars. Jordan Matthew 553 broadway
Brower and Teelin 35 Washington Mitchell William 361 broadway
Davis D L cor church and lydius Satterlee ER and E 61 slate
Gott John 7 james Wood.
Greer Alexander 822 broadway Judson Isaac E 78 water
Payn am! McNaughtun 447 broadway Leonard Jacob 96 willett
Ridder T B 78 s pearl Luther J P and G W
26 quay
Sprague Horace 54 dean McAuley Michael cor arch and dallius
Van Cott PT 616 broadway Strevel and Zeh 22 quay
Type & Stereotype-founders. Taylor 166 broadway
Munsell J 53 ssate Wilbur and Townsend 175 broadway
Van Benthuysen C 407 Wooden-ware, &C.
Umbrellas. Bicknell B 397 broadway
Weaver Daniel L 65 green Williams W II and co 511 broadway
Adams G 88 hamilton Wool.
Upholsterers. Chapin Lyman 44 quay
Blair A
and co 36 green Knower John 31 hudson
Morange P M
502 broadway Newman Henry 457 broadway
Variety Stores. Miscellaneous.
Carter George T 446 broadway Artists' materials James S Gould 413
Harley Edward cor s pearl and schuyler broadway
Mascord William 620 broadway Band and fnncy boxes Miss Frances Gal-
Nixon R 16 s pearl
pin 43 maiden lane.
Pease R H 516 broadway Basket maker Dominick Rossle 338 bow-
Reid John 652 broadway
ery
Taylor Mrs 51 s pearl Baths N S Dean 19 norton
Van Schaack E 385 broadway Bell founder Danu-1 Curtiss 23 church
Victuallers.
Putnam Elisha 709 broadway
Bell hanger J & W
J Blackall corner
hamilton and fulton
Putnam James A north market Bird slujfer PI Roberts 377 S'ate
Safford Peter 21 philip Bone dealer RH Thompson 7 clinton
Stilwell &
Collins cor green and division Bonnet and straw goods Joseph Walker
Swartz George centre market 536 broadway
Todd Dorman and co 580 broadway Bonnet bleacher M
L Cutler 442^ broad-
Todd Robert 776 broadway way
Watches, Jewelry and Plate. Brush maker J B Armour
389 broadway
ArmsN T 42 s pearl Camphine S T Thorn corner broadway
Carson David 98 state and church
Carson Thomas 98 state Carver Henry H Farnham 55 colonie
Crew J T 88 state Chemist Ebenezer Emmons 159 hudson
Cutler J N 33 beaver Civil engineer and surveyor R V De
Given A 550 broadway Witt 56 state
Clothes cleaner William Ogden, base.
Hascy Alexander R 33 state
ment exchange
Hascy Nelson 34 state
Hood and Tobey 44 state Coach painter John W Johnson 90 green
Hoyt George B 394 broadway Combs and fancy goods BR
<fe R L
Spel-
McHarg Alexander 12 green man corner broadway and maiden lane
Marsh B 405 broadway Coroner Levi Chapman 50
chapel
Mix James 24 green Corsets Mrs Cook 36 S Pearl up stairs
Mix Visscher 14 green Crier Peter Ben east albany
Die sinkers Daniel True 26 green
Mulford and Wendell 480 broadway
Rice J T 21 s pearl Draughtsman E Forbes 9 exchange
Simpson and Beckel 408 broadway buildings
Waterman George 82 state Dredger d-c S N Payn?698 broadway
Drum maker George Kilbourn 1.30 Or.
Wheelwrights. ange
Mascraft William 23 Washington Fancy box maker Frederick G Kaulseh
Spring Hiram 76 church 63 green
"Wine, Cider and Vinegar. Feed store John Dailey 78 church
Latham and Halsier 13 howard File cutter ScMey and Linsenbolz 21
Spanier Louis 801 broadway church
Fire engines John Rodgers 33 lumber
Wines, Teas, &c.
Hendrickson M and J 2 hudson Fishing tackle Steele & Warren 66 state
226 Public Places, Offices, fyc.

Furnaces and ranges William Cobb 192 Skip stores Cole and Van Nostrand 61
Washington quay
Glue manufacturer Thomas Coulson 590 Silkand worsted trimming- Miss VanM
bowery Horn 597 n pearl
Gold beater William Barrett 49 hudson Silver-wa-e manufacture Godley & John-
Grate manufactory Henderson & Weller son 6 liberty
584 broadway Silver plate William Brown 13 church
Grindstones Nathan Davis 77 quay Silvtr smith Hall Hewsen &
Brower 10
Hay John Hilton cor herkimer and quay plain
Hosiery Mrs Wiley 42 south pearl Stationer G Cogswell 21 fayetle
Images Clemente Tozoni 610 broadway Sinter James Dicksou 65 beaver
India rubber goods James Mc-Mullen Staves and lumber Talcot &
Hostner, 61
386 broadway quay
Iron Foundry P W
Lamb 45 liberty Si earn feed millOrias Hall broailway
Edward Owens 28
Linseed oil Deyermand & Davis 1 broad- Surgical instruments
way beaver
Lithographer R H Pease 561 broad. Surveyors J D Elliott stanwix hall, G
way
lumber
W Carpenter city hall, Ellis cooper's
inrpector John Cornick 29 pier building
ffailor William McClusky 1(53 spring Sweep Charles Gibbons 82 van schaick
Night scavenger Joseph Dibble 64 clin- Tnllnw chandler George W
Paige 70
ton canal
Oculist G A Knapp 496 broadway Tea. dealers WS&C C Greenwood 598
Oil Wickes & Tillinghast 13 hudson broad way
Optical instruments Joseph Gall 30 Teacher of french 3 Molinard 2 park
green place
Patent agencu R V De \Vitt 56 state Twiner George Jones 52 chapel
Pension agent L Jenkins mechanics' Vndertaktr George Patterson 52 hudson
and farmers' bank Weigher and measurer Peter Cure 4 1
Plumbers F W
Ridgway 1 15 state. philip
Plumb level J
son and high
W
Andrews corner hud- Whitesmith John Lossing 217 washing.
ton
Reporter William G Bishop 111 hudson Whiteirasher Jacob Wickham 246 lydius
Screw dock Hiram Fanning corner co- Wood measurer John J Lagrange hamil-
jumbia and dock tou w dove
Shade manufacturer Gaylord Heath 2 Worsted store Mrs Paepke 23 n pearl
park Yankee notions Hezekiah Dickerman 55
Ship chandler Leonard D Shaw 1 slate Washington

PUBLIC PLACES, OFFICES, &c.

Adjitant General's Office, Capitol. Albany Female Seminary, 67 Divi-

Albany Academy, Academy Park. sion.
Albany Alms-house, south Lydius Albany Gallery Fine Arts, 528
west Delaware turnpike. Broadway.
Albany Apprentices' Library, Albany Insurance Company, 56
Hudson State.
Albany and Boston Railroad Office, Albany Medical College, Eagle
Stanwix Hall, cor Maiden lane between Lancaster and Jay.
and Dean. Albany Merchants' Exchange,
Albany Bethel, Montaomery. Broadway foot of State.
Albany Bursesses Corps Armory, Albany Mineral Spring, Ferry near
cor Broadway and Hamilton. S Pearl.
Albany Emmet Guards, 379 Broad- Albany Museum, cor State and
way. Broadway.
Albany Female Academy, N Pearl. Albany Nursery, Western turnpike
two miles out.
 Public Places, Offices , 227
Albany Post-office, Merchants' Ex- German Catholic Church, cor
change. Philip and Hamilton
Albany Republican Artillery Ar- St John's Church, Ferry.
mory, 379 Broadway. St Joseph's Church, cor Lumber
Albany Washington Riflemen, 379 and N Pearl
Broadway. St Mary's Church, cor Pine and
Albany Waterworks, Eagle, Co- Chapel.
lumbia and Steuben. Centre Market, S Pearl between
Albion Hotel, cor Herkimer and Howard and Beaver.
Broadway. City Hall Coffee House, cor Eagle
American Hotel, 100 Stale. and Maiden lane
Apothecaries' Hall, cor State and City Hotel, Broadway.
N Pearl. City Hall, Eagle fronting Wash-
Axe Company, 11 Steuben. ington.
Banks. City Marshal, City Hall.
Albany City Bank, 47 State. City Surveyor, City Hall.
Albany Exchange Bank, Ex Clinton Holel, cor Soulh Pearl and
change Building. Beaver.
Albany Savings Bank, 40 State. Commercial Buildings, cor Hudson
Bank of Albany, 42 Slate. and Broadway.
Commercial Bank, 40 State. Complroller's Office, State Hall.
Mechanics' and Farmers' Bank, Congress Hall, cor Washington and
cor Broadway and Exchange. the Park.
New York State Bank, 69 State. Cooke's JNews Office, 464 Broad-
Baptist Churches. way.
First Baptist Church, Green, be- Cooper's Building, cor State and
tween Hamilton and Division. Green.
Second Baptist Church, N Pearl. County Clerk's Office, City Hall.
Third Baptist Church, cor State County Treasurer's Office, corner
and High. Broadway &, Steuben, up stairs.
Fourth Baptist Church, S Pearl. Court of Appeals, 2d floor Capitol.
Baptist Church, African, Hamil- Delavan House, Broadway.
ton, west of Pearl Douw's Buildings, cor Broadway
Beardsley's Hotel. 28 Washington. and Stale.
Bergeron's Albany House, cor Ly- Dutch Tavern, 41 Liberty.
dius and Church. Eagle St. Hotel, cor Eagle and
Bleecker Hall, 531 Broadway. Daniel.
Blunt's Building, cor State & Pearl. Eastern Holel, 144 Broadway.
Boston R. R. Temperance House, Emigrant Association Office, foot
37 Dean. of Hamilton.
Boston Hotel, 15 Dean. Engine No. 1, 11 Chapel.
Boston Packet Office, 102 Pier. do No .2,
Broadway House, Johnson's, 256 do No. 3, attached to Alms-
Broadway. house
Broadway House, Mrs. Paris's, do No. 4, 75 Grand.
61S Broadway. do No. 5, 236 Washington.
Chamberlain's Office, City Hall. do No. 6, cor HawU&Fayette.
Canal Collector's Office, 198 Water. do No. 7, 41 Hudson.
Capitol, head of State. do No. 8, Broadway.
Catholic Churches. do No. 9,
Cathedral, cor Eagle, Jefferson do No. 10, Wilson.
and Lydius.
228 Public Places, Offices,

Engine No. 11, Lutheran Church German, State

do No 12, Arbor hill. near Swan.
Episcopal Churches Mansion House, 470 Broadway.
Church of the Holy Innocents, Mechanics' Benefit Society, Douw's
cor Colonie and North Pearl. Buildings.
Grace Church, Spring. Mechanics' and Farmers' Hotel, 38
St Paul's Church, S Pearl. Hawk
St Peter's Church, cor State and Methodist Episcopal Churches.
Lodge. African Methodist Church, State,
Exchange Coffee House, 270 rear of District School No. 2.
Broadway. First Methodist Epis. Church,
Exchange Hotel, 25 Maiden lane. Hudson, above Pearl.
Farmer's Hotel, 42 Washington. Second Methodist Epis. Church,
Farmer's Inn, 157 Washington. N Pearl.
Firemen's Insurance Company, Third Methodist Epis. Church,
Cooper's Building. cor Ferry and Franklin.
Fountain Inn. 926 Broadway. Fourth Methodist Epis. Church,
FranKlin House, State. cor Washington and Swan.
Fuller's Albany and'Troy Express, Fifth Methodist Epis. Church,
464 Broadway. Swan, between Lumber and 3d.
Gas Light Company's Works, cor Wesleyan Methodist, N Pearl,
Arch and Grand above Patroon.
General Stage Office, under the Mineral Spring Garden, 58 Ferry.
Museum Mission Sabbath School, Rensse-
Geological Musem, Old State Hall. laer between Green &. Franklin.
Gilbert's News Office, cor Broad- Mission House School, 140 Spring
way and State. above Lark.
Greene & Co. 's Express, Exchange Mohawk and Hudson Railroad Of-
Hook and Ladder No. 1, 34 Plain, fice, cor Dean and Maiden lane.
do No. 2, Patroon. Montoney's Public House, 15
Hose Company No. 1, 34 Plain. Washington.
Hudson-street Temperance House, Mount Vernon Lo Ige of Freema-
10 and 12 Hudson. sons, cor Broadway &, Steuben.
Jail, cor Eagle and Howard. Munger's Hotel, cor Lydius and
Jenkinson's Railroad House, 2 and Dove.
4 Dean. National Garden, 772 Broadway.
Johnson's Northern Express, 11 National Hotel, 266 Broadway.
Exchange. Northern Hotel, cor Broadway and
Justice's Court, over the Centre Orange.
Market. Normal School, cor Chapel and
Kearney's Hotel, 173 Montgomery. Howard.
Labraiche's Hotel; 19 Hamilton. North River Hotel, 274 Broadway.
Lafayette House, 19 Montgomery. Odd Fellows' Hall, cor Green and
Law Buildings, cor Broadway and Beaver, and Cooper's Building.
Beaver. Orphan Asylum, head Washington.
Lockwood's Hotel, 65 Washington. Otsego House, 74 Washington.
Lumbermen's Exchange, Little Penitentiary, Delaware Turnpike.
Basin. Pension Office, at Mechanics' and
Lumbermen's Hotel, in Lumber- Farmers' Bank.
men's Exchange. Phoenix Hotel, opposite Steamboat
Lutheran Church, corner Pine and Landing.
Lodge.
 Albany County Bible Society. 229
Picture Gallery, 41 S Pearl. State Hall, Eagle cor Steuben and
Police Office, over Centre Market. Pine.
Presbyterian Churches. State House, Eagle street.
First Presbyterian Ch., Hudson. Steam's Inn. 163 S Pearl.
Second Presbyterian Church, St Vincent's Orphan Asylum, N
Chapel. Pearl.
Third Presbyterian Church, cor Supreme Court Clerk's Office, State
Clinton square and N Pearl. Hall.
Fourth Presbyterian Church, Surrogate's Office, State Hall.
Broadway. Surveyor General's Office, State
Associate Presbyterian Church, Hall.
cor Chapel and Canal. Synag-ogue Bethel Jacob, 88 and 90
Reformed Presbyterian Church, Fulion.
27 Westerlo. Synagogue, Herkimer.
Reformed Prot. Dutch Churches. Syracuse House, 21$ Broadway.
First Ref Prot. Dutch Church, Tallman's Hotel, 128 Water
North Pearl. Telegraph Office, No. 2 Exchange
Second Ref. Prot. Dutch Church, Building.
Beaver. Telegraphery, O'Reilley's, under
Third Ref. Prot. Dutch Church, Museum.
South Ferry. Temple Lodge, cor Steuben and
Saratoga House, 719 Broadway. Broadway.
Second Advent Chapel, Blunt's Unitarian Chapel, Division.
Buildings. Universalist Church, Green near
Secretary of State's Office,
State Hamilton .

Hall. United States Hotel, 91 Washing-

Sheriff's Office, Jail. ton.
State Arsenal, Broadway corner Washington Hall, South Pear!.
Lawrence. Washington House, 17 Mont-
St Charles. Hudson. gomery.
Slanwix Hall, cor Broadway and Wells & Co.'s Express, Exchange.
Maiden lane. William Tell House, 91 Church.
State Agricultural Society, Old Wilson's Hotel, Hudson.
Slate Hall.

ALBANY COUNTY BIBLE SOCIETY.

This institution seems to have been founded in 1810. The first annual
sermon was preached by the Rev. Samuel Blatchford on the 12th Feb'
1811, in the North Dutch Church. It was incorporated by act of legis-
lature, passed April 8. 1811 The managers named in the charter were
Rev. John M. Bradford, Rev. William Neill, Rev. Samuel Blatchford,
Harmanus BlrecKer, John Stearns, John H. Wendell. Stephen Van
Rensselaer, Philip Van Rensselaer, Rev. Eliphalet Nott, Abraham
Van Vechten, John Woodworth, Douw Fonda, Rev. John McJimpsey,
Rev. Frederick G. Mayer. On the 6th February, 1814, a sermon was
230 Albany County Bible Society.

preached by Dr. Nott in the North Dutch Church, in aid of the funds of
the society, when a collection of $271 was taken. The society has been
in operation nearly 39 years, during which time the following. ministers
have preached the annual sermon by appointment :

Samuel Blatchford 1811 William B. Sprague. . . . 1831

Eliphalet Nott 1812 James R. Wilson .. 1832
J. M. Bradford 1813 William Lochead 1833
William Neill 1814 J N. Campbell 1834
Alexander Proudfit 1815 William James 1835
John De Witt 1816 E. N. Kirk 1836
J. M. Bradford 1817 Edwin Holmes 1837
John Chester 1818 Thomas E. Vermilyea . . 1838
A. J. Stansbury 1819 I.N. Wyckoff 1839
Joseph Shaw 1820 Ezra Huntingdon 1840
Thomas McAuley 1821 William B. Sprague 1841
Walter Monteath 1822 Edward D. Allen 1842
Henry R. Weed 1823 Noah Levings 1843
John Ludlow 1824 Duncan Kennedy 1844
James Martin 1825 W. H. Campbell 1845
James Chiistie 1826 Henry N Pohlman 1846
Isaac Ferris 1827 William B. Sprague 1847
Henry R. Weed 1828 Allen Steele 1848
Mark Tucker 1829 J. N. Campbell 1849
E. D. Griffin 1330

The Rev. Benjamin N. Martin is appointed to preach the next annual

sermon.
The whole number of Bibles circulated since the formation of the
society appears, by the last report, to have been 15,147 of Testaments,
;

20,757. The number of Bibles distributed gratuitously during the year

1848, was 465; Testaments, 680. The number sold during that year
was 242 Bibles, 1342 Testaments. The amount of receipts into the
treasury during that year was $1,532 77. The whole amount contributed
to the American Bible Society by this institution in thirty-eight years, is
$15,638-98.
The officers of the Society for 1849 are as follows

Rev. William B. Sprague, D. D., Pohlman. D. D., F. W. Schmidt,

President. Luman A. Sanford, Rutgers Van
Rev. John N. Campbell, D D., Brunt, J. Clarke, Benjamin N.
First Vice-Presi<!ent. Martin, Messrs. Archibald Me
Rev. I. N. \V vckoff, D. D., Second Intyre, Rensselaer Westerlo,
Vice-President. Nathaniel Davis, Israel Smith,
Philip Phelps, Rec. Secretary. Daniel Fry, Abraham Keyser,
Lemuel Jenkins, Cor. Secretary. George W.Benjamjn, Managers.
William C. Miller, Treasurer. Rev. Dr. J. N. Campbell, William
Rev. Ezra A. Huntington, D. D., C. Miller, Nathaniel Davis, Da-
Duncan Kennedy, D D William
, niel Fry, Ex. Committee.
H. Campbell, D. D., Henry N.
 Freeholders in 1720. 231

A LIST OF THE FREEHOLDERS OF THE CITY AND

COUNTY OF ALBANY. 1720.*
232 Freeholders in 1720.
Johannis Van Ostrande Issac Borghaert Jacob Muller
Johannis Evertsen Cornells Masse Johannis Muller
Tunis Egbertsen Jan Masse Samll Pruyn
:

Derrick Tenbroeck Barnt Brat Reuben Ven Vechten

David Schuyler Jacob Borghaert Junr Cornlis Switzs
Winant Vandenbergh Jacob Visser Guisberl Vandenbergh
Takel Derrickse Jacobus Luykasse Teirck HarminseVisser
Johannis Backer Winegaert Tunis Brat
Thomas Long Johannis Pruyn Peter Walderom
John Gerritse Wessel Tenbroeck Rutger Bleecker
Elbert Gerritse Peter Winne Harpert Vandeusen
SCHONECTADY.
Jonathan Stevens Wouter Vroman Carle Hanse Toll
William Coppernoll Jno. Baptist Van Epps Daniell Toll
Claes Franse Derrick Brat William Marrinas
TeirckFranse Jan Barentse Wemp Arent Schermerhorn
Yellous Fonda Barent Vroman Esays Swaert
Adam Vroman Jan Vroman Johannis Vroman
Phillip Schuyler Gerrit Van Brackell Andries De Grave
David Lewis Arent Danilse Joseph Clarnent
Mindert Guisling Simon Vroman John Bumstead
Peter Quacumbus Lawrence Chase Harma Phillipse
Abram: Meebe Cornils Vander Volgen Jereme Thickstone
Benj. VanVlack Abram De Grave Jacob Van Olinda
Marte Powlisse Daniell Danielse Arent Vedder
Harma Van Slyck Cornells Pootman Peter Vroman
Sanders Gelon Sam: Hagardoring Daniell Janse
Evert Van Eps Guisbert Van Brakell Peter Danielse
Arent Van Petten Volkert Simonse Jan Danielse
John Weemp Jacob Schermerhorn Jan Meebe
Simon Switzs Jacobus Vandyke Johannis Peek
Jacob Switzs Helmes Vedder Jacobus Peek
Mindert Weemp Arnout De Grave Claes Van Petten
Arent Brat Johannis Teller Cornelis Van Slyck
HendrickVrooman Junr Albert Vedder Marte Van Slyck
Harmanis Vedder Derrick Groot Cornelis Feele
Dow Aukus Gerrit Simonse Arnout Bra Junr
Johannis Mindertsen Yealous Van Vost Johannis Vedder
Adam: Smith Victore Pootman Tunis Vander Volgen
Abram Trueax Jan Delemont Claes Van Petten
Rob: Yeats Caleb Beck Andries Van Petten
Abram :
Lythall Nicholas Schuyler Jan Schermerhorn
Assweris Marselis Johannis Gelen Wouter Swaert
Abram Grout
: Jacob Gelen Arent Pootman
HendrickVrooman Snor Jesse De Grave
KENDERHOOK AND PART MANNOR OF LIVINGSTON.
Jochim Van Valken- Peter Van Alen Derrick Gardineer
burgh LamertHuyck Peter Van Slyck
Isaac Fansborough Burger Huyck Jno: Gardineer
Casper Rouse Johannis Huyck Evert Wieler
 Freeholders in 1720. 233
Derrick Go^s Cornelis Schermerhorn Lawrence Van Schauk
Peter Fausburgh Johannis Van Alen Elias Van Schauk
Peter Van Buren Gerrit Dingmans JurieKlaime
Jno : Goes Bart. Van Valkenburgh Guisbert Scherp
Mattias Goes Thomas Van Alstine Lawrence Scherp
Luykas Van Alen Coonrodt Burgaert Hendrick Clawe
Jacobus Van Alen Stephanis Van Alen Laniert Valkenburgh
Evert Van Alen John Burgaert Melgert Vanderpool
Johannis Vandeusen Abram -.Van Alstine Lenord Conine
THE NORTH PART OF THE MANNOR OF LIVINGSTON.
Robert Livingston Esqr Bastian Spikerman Johannis Uldrigh
Peter Colle Nicolas Smith ffitz :
Muzigh
KillianWinne Baltis Auspah Coonrod Kelder
Jan Emmerick Plees Jno : Wm Simon
: David Hooper
Hans Sihans Hanse Jurie Prooper Gabriell Broose
Claes Bruise Abram Luyke Solomon Schult
Jonat Rees: Broer Decker Jacob Stover
Coonrodt Ham Jurie Decker Johanis Roseman
Coonrodt Schureman Nicolas Witbeck Nicos: Styker
Johannis Pulver
CLAVERACK.
Tobias Tenbroeck Kasper Van Hoosem Wm: Rees
Cornelis Mulder Jan Van Hoosem Johannis Scherp
Cornils Esselstine Saml Tenbroeck Andries Rees
Jeremias Mulder Peter Hogoboom Ghondia Lamafire
Derrick Hogoboom Rob: Van Deusen Hendrick Whitbeck
Cornelis Huyck :
Casper Conine Jurie Frelts
Isaac Vandusen Frank Hardyke Hendrick Lodowick
Jno: Hoose Johannis Van Hoofem Jacob Eswin
George Sidnem John Bout Jurie Jan
Richard Moor Wm: Halenbeck
CloudeLamatere
John Harrtyck Johannis Coole Nicos: Vanduse Cats
Hendr Van Salsbergen John Rees
: Kills.
Jacob Van Hoosem
COXHACKY AND CATS KILLS.
Mindert Schut John Albertse Abram: Provoost
Wessell Tenbroeck Arent Van Schauk Jacob Halenbeek
Wm: Lefferrese Michael Collier Jno: Caspfrse
Helme Janse Cornelis Van Wormer Coonrodt Hotlen
Saml Van Vechten Johannis Halenbeek Philip Conine
Gerrit Van berghen Casper Halenbeek Jno Vanhoosem :

Marte Van berghen Jan Van Loan Lenord Brunk

Frank Salisbury Albert Van Loan Peter Brunk
Jno Brunk Jno: Van Loan Junr Isaac Spoor
Minkas Van Schauk
CANASTIGONIE.
Jno: Quacumbus Maes Rycksen Lapion Kanfort
Jno : fioort Evert Rycksen Cornelis Christianse
Jacob Pearse Gerrit Rycksen Eldert Timonse
Derrick Brat Nicholas Van Vranken Jno: Quakenboes Junr
234 Freeholders in 1720.
HALF MOON.
Peter Ouderkerk Jacobus Van Schoonho- Tunis Harminse
Jacob Cluit ven Winant Vandenbergh
John Cluil Evert Van Ness Roolif Gerritse
Frederick Cluit Daniell Fort Hendrick Roolifse
Sarnl Creeger
: Corn'ls Vanburen Jno De Voe
:

Derrick Takelsen Conelis Van Ness Daniel! Van Olinda

Mattias Boose Snor Isaac Ouderkerk Eldert Ouderkerk
Johannis Christianse Lavinus Harminse Cornelis Vandenbergh

SCHAATKOOKE.
Saml Doxie Johannis DeWandelaer Daniell: Ketlyne
"Curset Fether Simon Danielse Peter Winne
Johannis Knickbacker Martin Delamon Adrian Quacumbus
Derrick Van Vechten Lewis Fele Abram Fort
COLLONEY RENSELAERS WYCK.
Wouter Barheyt Solomon Van Vechten JanVanWie
Johannis Valkenburgh Cap: Hendrick Van Gerrit Vandenbergh
Jno: Barheyt Renselaer Hendr: Dow
Isaac Van Philip Foreest
Alstine Albert Singerlant
Jacob Schermerhorn Martin Van Alstine Evert Banker
Jacob Schermerhorn Jr Albert Roolifse \Vouter Vanderse
Johns: Ouderkerk Marte Van Alstine JunrKillian Vanderse
Claes Gardineer Jno: Funda Johannis Appel
Andries Gardinier Derrick Vanderhyden Peter Husyele
Hend Valkenburgh
: Gerrit Vandenbergh Derrick Hagodorn
Jacob Valkenburgh Albert Brat Andries Brat
Andries Huyck Cornelis Van Alstine Storm Brat
Maes Van Buren Johns: Wendell Ome Legrange
Corn'lis Van Vechten Jan: Van Alstyne Johns: Legrange
Jonat: Witbeek Adrian Oothout Johonnis Simonse
Martin Vanburen Peter Coyeman Nicos: Grewsbeek
Barent Geritse Barent Slaats Jno Oothout
:

Jan Witbeek Andries Coyeman Mindert Marselis

Jonas Dow Samuell Coyeman Jacob Lansen
Andries Dow Jno: Witbeek Abram Ouderkerk
Folcort Dow Coonrod Hooghteeling Peter Schuyler Esqr
Jno. Van Vechten Storm Backer Abram Wendell
Gerrit Lansen Jno: Backer William Ketlyne
Volcort Van Vechten Hendrick Van Wyen
Frans Pryn
Melgert Vandeu,e Wr m Van Alen
: Jaac Falkenburgh
Rut Vandeuse Daniell Winne Claes Bovie
Tho Witbeek
: Gerrit Van Wie Phillip Wendell
Luykas Witbeek
Pursuant to an Order of Court of Judicature held for the Province of
New York on the Eleventh Day of June 1720, Directed to Gerrit Van-
schaick hish Sherif of the City and County of Albany; A Returne of
the free holders of the said City and County.
GERRET VANSCHAIJCK Sheriff
 Dutch Church Burials. 23/5

DUTCH CHURCH BURIALS.

The following a complete copy of a record kept by Barent Brat,
is
Clerk of the Dutch Church in the city of Albany, of the burials of
persons belonging to that church from 1722 to 1757. The original book
is in the library of the late Hon. Harmanus Bleecker, of which a copy
has been taken by Mr. S. V. Talcott. These burials were made in the
church yard on Beaver street, now occupied by the Second Dutch Church.
The record is the more valuable since the usual memorials of the church
yard are obliterated.
1722 22 Collo. Pieter Schuylef
Feb. 16 Theunis Brat was buried Mch It Philip Splank's child*
18 Maria Cuyler da of Abram* 20 Christoffel Abeel's child
Young' child, da. of B aberrik
24 Young- 23 Claes Fonda's child
Mch 23 Callyna Van Benthuysen Apl 7 Jaquernynna Mase
Apl 17 Clara Lang's son John 9 Schiebolet Bogardus' child
May 8 Susana Brat, my grandmother, 15 Hend. Cuyler
was buried in the church by Augt 25 Mattys Vlensburgh's child
Rut Van Woert Nov Johs. Van der Heyd's child
June 25 GrtieKillys Deer 12 Epharim Borgardus' child
30 Cornel is Bogert 's son 1725
Augt 3 Job's Beekman's Jr. child Jany 9 Banit Egberise's wife
15 Gysbert Van de Berg's child 13 Egbert Brat's child
17 Willem H. Van de Berg's child Feb 2 Jacob Beeckman's child
19 Thunis Egberts' child Feb 6 Tobyas Ryckman's child
Sept 16 Jonethan Rombelie 9 Tierck Visscher*
Octr 1 Jacob Roseboom's child 10 Job's Ten Broeck's child
3 Mallie Van Renselaer 1U Claes Fonda's child
8 Albert Ryckman's son Albert 17 Benjamin Egbertsen's child
15 Solomon Goewy's child 18 Hend. Halenbeek's child
21 Ileiul. T. Eyck 20 Abram Lansingh's child
22 Myndert Roseboom 26 Gerrit Lansing's child
24 Phylip Livingston's child* Mch 29 Gose Van Schayck
Novr IS Abram Van Armen's Apl 6 Jacob Bogert
19 Pieler van Dresen's child* Egbert Brat's child
20 Antie van Eivere* 17 Gose Van Schayck' s child
Deer IS Maria Roseboom's daughter 21 Robert Levingston*
23 Willem Groesbeeck May 3 Pieter Waldrum
17-23. Isaac Fonda's child
Febr 7 Daniel Flensburgh's child 4 Cornelia Van de Heyden
22 Jannetie Dunbar was buried in June 8 Femmetie da: of Cornells Swilts
the English Church 14 Johs Dpyster's child*
Meh Wynant C Van de Bergh's child 31 Nicholaes Groesbeek's child
Apl 10 Johannes De Venda'aer's child July 26 Isaac Fryer's child
25 Rut Van Woen'.s child Augt 2 Benjamin Brat's child was buried
June 9 A French child was buried by by Rut Van Woort
John Sharp 8 Daniel Vlensburgh's child
July 21 Hend Cuyler's child 24 Daniel Vlensburgh
Sept 17 Jacob Roseboom's child 25 Philip Splank's child*
18 Anna Marytie Carsten 30 Volckerk Van Hoesen*
24 David Schuyler's wife Annatie Octr 3 Tryniie wife of Deely
Octr 15 Therck Harrnese [Visscher] wife Nov 12 Jan Gerrelz*
Femmetie 14 Gerret B Van den Bergh's child
27 Abram Laasingh's son was buried at Papskinee
Novr 21 Mattys de Garmo's child 26 Jan Cluectt was burried at Nis-
Deer 18 Jacobus Lychasse's child kayawene
1724 Deer 17 Cornells Van Dyck's child
Jany Harmanis Schuyler's
1 child 19 Claes Fonda's child
Feb 19 Hend rick Hanse*
* This mark denotes that the person was buried under the church a privilege which
;

was allowed to such as were willing to pay for it.

236 Dutch Church Burials.
1726. July 11 Engeltie wife of Melgert Abra-
Janry 22 An Englishman's child hamse
27 Egbert Brat's child Augt 4 Jan Maase's little child
Febry 1 Elisabeth Rosie* 20 Lowis Schredel's child
Mch 22 Everte Jacobse Eel's child Sept 9 Harmen Van Hoesen's child
29 Peter Ryckman's wife 27 Johs Lansing Jrs child
May 27 Labreyh Redlif's child Jeramias Schuyler's child
30 Antony S. Van Schayck's child Octr 5 Pieter Schuyler's child was bu-
July 12 Gose Van Schayck Jr's child ried at the flats
Augt 25 Johs Becker's wife Novr 10 Johs Wendell's little son was
Septr 3 Johs Becker's child buried at the flats
4 Johs Dfreest's child Deer 7 Philyp Wendall's son John
Jacob Rose boom's child
11 14 Pieter Schuyler's daughter was
Oclr Salomon Goewerk's wife
17 buried at the flats
20 Jeremie Penmtrton's child 17 Isaac Wendell's little son was
Novr 1 Arent Pruyn's child buried at the flats
2 Tams Pruyn Jrs. child 30 Nicolaes Groesbeeck's wife
8 Evert Janse was buried in the 1729.
Lutheren Church Janry 13 Capt. Johannis Wendell was
1727. buried at the flats
Janry 5 Myndert Marselis' child 14 Johs Frest's little child
19 Andrirs Witbeeck Jr. child Febry 6 Hans Hansen's little child
23 Samuel Pruyn's daughter* 20 Moses
Mch 6 Evert Wendell's child* 26 Isaac Verplank daughter Abigel
12 Gerret Roseboom's daughter* Mch 12 Gerit Ryckse's daughter Alyda
24 Johannes Mnller 29 Aelyda Schuyltr
May 26 Jacob Van der Heyden's child June 13 Abram Ouderkerk's child
27 Tobias Ryckman's child 21 Johs Bleeker Jr. litlie son
Jan Maasen's child Mattys Van den Bergh's child
30 Jan Milten's wife buried at Papsknee
31 Janetie Van Aelstyne 24 Willm Grennie's child
June 2 Elsie Winne Jr. daughter of 30 Elizabeth Muller's child
Frans Winne July 7 Jacob Eghemond's child
10 Rabecka Fonda 13 Johs E. Wendell's child
12 Sara Greveraedt 16 Dirck Ten Broeck's child*
July 12 Hendk Ridder's child 23 Anna Witbeeck daughter of
Augt 1 Mattys Flinsburgh's child Tamas Willms
6 Ephrim Wendell's child 26 Roeslif Kidnie's child
10 Jacob Mulder's child Augt 13 Johs Schoonmaker's child was
12 Thunts Van den Bergh buried at Papsknie
13 Philyp Dforeest 18 Pieter Winne's little son
Sept 3 Han's Hanse's child Septr 13 Anna Brat was buried in the
Nicolaes Groesbeek's child church by Rut. Van Woert
4 Tarn Flyt's mother-in-law Octr 1 Johs Van Zante's child
12 Thunis Slingerland's child 12 Hendrick Benneway
10 Jacobus Luychasse 22 Roelif Kidney's child
16 Evert Janse's child Novr 24 Johs de Foreest's child
18 Abram Van der Poel's infant 28 Christiena Ten Broeck*
25 Barent Barhyt's child Deer 7 Gosen Van Schayck's child
Octr 2 Catharina Lydius* 1730
13 Catlynna wife of Johs G Lansing Feb 1 Maritie Schermerhorn
Frans Pruyn's little child 1 1 Egbert Barentsen's child
Novr 26 Cornel us Cuyler's little child 14 Douwe Fonda's child
Deer 2 Johs Van der 'Heyden's child
'
15 Harpert Van Deusen's child
1728. 16 Andries Gardenier's two children
Janry 31 Willem Waldrum's little child Mch 7 Adam Van den Bergh's child
Feb 11 Maria wife of John Everts 15 Samuel Cregeer's child
Ryck Magsilse April 8 NanninghVischer
26 Jan Lansingh* 9 Jacob Lansingh's child
Mch 7 Sybrand Quackenbos' child 12 Dirck Van Scharluyne's child
28 Jurian Hogan's child May 8 Johannis Schoonmaker was bu-
May 6 Elsje Winne mother of Pieter ried at Papsknee
27 Cornelus Van Schurhyuse 22 Joseph Yats
29 Pieter son of Pieter Waldrum June 2 Epharim Wendell's child
June 27 Leena wife of Herpert Van 22 Dirck Van Schurluyne's wife
Deusen July 13 Huybertie Yaets
 Dutch Church Burials. 237
*
18 Jacob Thunnise Van Woert 12 Hester Swits' son
Agt 1U Isaac Greveraet's child* 12 Johs. Seger's two little girls
Septr 5 Solomon Goewyck's child 12 Gerit Van Zanten's child
5 Isaac Greveraet's child* 14 Jellis de Garmo's child
8 Thomas Wendell 15 Harmanus Wendell*
10 Elisabeth Lansingh 15 Jacob Masen's child
16 Marielie Tymese was buried at 16 Johs. Hun's little son
Nistagayoene 17 Johs. Schuyler's Jr. little son
Octr 5 Jeramiah H. Van Renselaer was buried at the flats
13 Jacobus Redlif's child 17 Bettie Danielse' little son
Nov 4 Jacob Alestyn 18 Symon Veeder's little child
23 Neeltie Van Schayck 18 Mattys Dgamo's little child
Deer 7 Katie Van Rensselaer 19 Isaac Greveraet's child*
28 Jan Kasperse 20 Thunis Egbertse's child
Claes Luyckasse 21 AbrahamVandePoel's daughter
Joseph Yates child 23 Johs G. Lansingh's child
1731. 24 Harmen Van Hoesen's little son
Jan 4 Jan Oothoudt Jrs. child 25 David Van der Heyden's child
5 Alida V.Vechten (wifeof Sol'n?) 25 Pieter Fonda's
Feb 5 Ryner Myndertse's son Reynier 26 Stephanis V. Renselaer's child
9 Evert Ryckse's son Rychert 27 Anthony Bret's child
14 Johs Dpeyster's child* 27 Johs. Vischer's child
27 Mr. Ellet's child 27 David V. Dyck's
Mch 30 Peter Fonda's child 28 Johs Goewyck's child
Apl 14 Willem Vischer 30 Dirck Ten Broeck's Anna*
15 Johs. Migael* 30 Leendert Gansevoort's two chil-
May 1 Chatriena Van den Bergh dren
6 Thomas Witbeck buried at 30 Abraham Ouderkerk's daughter
Papsknee 30 Jacob B. Ten Eyck's child
June 22 Rutger Van Dusen buried at 31 Gerit W. Van den Bergh's child
Papskuee 31 Magiel Besset's child
28 Abraham Kipp 1732.
July 1 Nicolaes Van Arlen Janry 3 Maria Gerritse's little son*
2 Doctr Epharim Wendell was 3 David Groesbeeck's child
buried at the flats 4 Benjamin Egbertse's daughter
Augt 5 Mattys Flen.sburgh's child 6 Isaac Bogart's little son*
6 Chattrina D Poorest 6 Hendk Roseboom's child
19 Abram Van Armen's child 6 Daniel Hogan's child was buried
21 Elbert Gerritse's wife Marytie by R. Beeckman
22 Hendrick Ridder's child. 6 Jan Brouyn
June 28 Johs Quackenbos' child 7 Johs. Hun's daughter
Augt 23 Uldrick Van Franke's child 8 Wouter Barheyt
Sept 4 Hans Hansen's child 8 Jacob Wendell's child was bu.
8 Willem Jacobsen VanDeusen ried at Greenbush
10 Harmen Van Vechten's child 12 Johs A. Cuyler's child*
28 Jan Salomonse 13 Albert Brat was buried at the
Oct 1 4 Gerrit C. Van den Bergh flats
22 John Olyfer [Oliver?] Jr. 14 Johs. Ten Broeck's child was
Nov 2 Willem Rediif's child buried at Greenbush
11 William Crennel's child 15 Willem Waldrum's daughter
14 Willim Redlifs little son 16 Isaac Swits' little son
16 Thunis Vischer's Isaac 17 Epharim Bogardus' child
20 Johs. Lansingh's daughter 19 Andries Witbeck Jrs. child
21 Hendrick Halenbeck's child 20 Hendk. Cuyler's little son
22 Hans Hansen's daughter 22 Gerit Van Nes' daughter
23 Jacob Egmond'stwo children 23 David Groesbeeck's child
27 Myndert Marselis' child 25 Isaac Swits' daughter
27 Ephraim Wendell's child 25 Johs. Ten Broeck's little son was
28 David Van Dyck's child buried at Greenbush
28 Harpert Van Deusen's daughter 25 Hendrick Bries's son was buried
28 Pieter Ryckman's child at Papsknee
30 Wynant C. Van de Bergh's 26 Abram Witbeck's child
child 26 Dirck Ten Broeck's little son*
Dec 7 Meyndert Marselis' daughter 28 Johs Bleecker Jrs. daughter
7 Jer. Pemmerton's little son 28 Gerrit Marselis' child
238 Dutch Church Burials.
29 Jobs. Ten Broeck's child was March 4Hend'k Bunsen's child
buried at Greenbush 17 Van Vechten's wife
Philip
31 Mattewis Van Deusen's child 17Jobs Dpeyster's child*
Feb 1 Gerrit C. Van Den Bergh's child 20Elizabeth Banckers
was buried at Papsknee 20Ragcl Hoogkerke's child
6 Hendrick T. Eyck's little son April 11 Catharin Cuyler*
20 Nicolaes Bleecker's child 14 Geertruy Van Scherluyne
27 Jobs Symonse Veeder's daugh. 24 Willemhelmus V. de Bergh's
ter* child
Mch 10 Pieier Schuyler's child was bu- May 25 Jacob Egmond
ried at the flats June 23 Johs Van Vechten was buried
21 Arieje Oothout's daughter at Papsknee
27 Johs Vischer's daughter was July 10 Evert Banker
buried at Hogebergh Agt 10 Dom Van Schie's child*
April 6 Johs J. Beeckman's child 11 Nich Bieecker's Jr. child
6 Hendrick Bries' child was buried 12 Ryck Hanse's child*
at Papsknee 12 Gysbert Roseboom's child
25 Willem Teller's wife Catrina 19 Judick Hoogkerke
May 18 Ryckie, wife of Abr. Lansing 27 Johs Dforetst's child
20 Hendrick H. Roseboom's child 28 Jannetje Ciregeer was buried at
27 Jer. Pemmerton's two children Nisceauna
June 9 Johs Dforiest's child Sept 1Jobs Seegers child
14 Johs Dpeysler's child* 1Ephar. Wendel's daughter Su-
July 12 Abraham Lansing Jrs child sannah
Agt 19 A man was buried by Johs Se- 2 Jer: Pemmerton's child
gers by order of the Mayor 4 Harmen Vechten's child
Sept 30 Johs Beeckman 5 Benjamin Whine's child
Octr 15 Antony Brat's child G Cornells Van Dyck's little son
Novr 12 Migul Besset's child 12 Isaac Swits' child
17 Johs J. Beeckman's child 13 Volkert V. Den Bergh's child
24 Jan Janse Bleecker* 15 Claes Fonda's little son
Deer 9 Salomon Goewey's child 17 SiephanusVanRenselaer's child
11 Freedk Myndertse's wife 20 Nicholas Van Schayck's child
11 Maragrieta Corneel 22 Pieter Schuyler's child was bu-
21 Jobs. Schuyler Jrs child was bu- ried at the flats
ried at the flats Oct 8 Jacob T. Eyck's little child
29 Johs. D Foreest's children 22 Johs. Ten Broeck's child
31 Elsje Sanders Novr 10 Fredk Myndertse's daughter
1733 15 Cornelia Van Scbarluyn
Jan 11 Isaac Bogert's little child Deer 5 Gerret B. Van den Bergh's child
23 Isaac Bogart's little child 18 David A- Sohuyler's little sou*
31 Barent Staets' daughter was bu- 1735
ried at the Hogebergh Febry 5 Maria wife of P. Wendel
Feb 9 Coenraet Becker 11 Nedt Broon Servant of Jef:
16 Sarah Roseboom was buried [Mrs?] Livingston
daughter of Jacob Roseboom 16 Jacob Staats
Mch 3 Marrtie Van Alen Mch 5 Ruben Van Vechte
13 Pieter Fonda's child 16 John Muward
21 Gelyn Splank's child A pi 12 Isaac Van Allsteyn's child
April 8 Coenraet Rechtmayor's wife May Tomas Serp's child
14 Maes Van Buren was buried at June 9 Dirck Brat was buried by Rut
Schoodack Van Wie
22 A bra Wyngart's wife July 2 Thunis Frelin's child
May 4 Mallie Leedyus* Augt 27 Pieter Livingston's child was bu-
June 2 Ephram Wendel's child ried at the flats
July 4
Antony Bogardus' son Octr 12 Volkert Ootbout's child
Agt 12 Jan Winne 27 Cornells Van Beuren's little son
Septr 18 Barent Egbertse's daughter was buried at Papsknee
Octr 25 Rychert Hanse's wife* Novr 3 Hendk. H. Roseboom's child
29 Maragrietie Bleecker* 12 Catryn Fyn
1734 16 Jhs De Peyster's little child*
Jan'y 8 Jannetje Bogert, [wife Jacob C.] 21 Cornelia Quackenbos
17 Aeltie Van Nes buried at the 21 Jobs Wynsjart's child
Halfmoon Deer 3 Zacharias Sixkel's child
Febry 12 William Redlif 9 Sybrant Van Schayck's child
 Dutch Church Burials. 239
14 Nicholas Engelspreeker 17 Douwe Fonda's child
20 Elsje Wendell daughter of Philip 1738
1736. Jan 16 Gerret Van Benthuysen's wife
Jan. 12 Turryan Hogen's child 18 Killian Whine's child
18 Michael Besset's child Feb 3 Dom Petrus Van Driesen*
:

26 Gerrit Lansing 14 Cornelis Claseii was buried in

Mch 2 Geertie Ten Eyck Orchard
his
Apl 8 Jobs Cloet's child 12 Migael Basset's child
10 Daniel Husen's child June 5 Coenraet Rechtmayor's child
May 13 Catharina daughter of Catie Van 6 Gerret Van Benthu'isen's child
Schaick 9 Mattys Van der Heyden's child
June 23 David Groesbeeck's child 22 Barent Sanders wife*
July 5 Willem Hogen's wife 25 Johs Dforeest's child
5 Johs Dforeesl's rhild Augt 25 Elsje Lansing
9 Pieler Livington's child was bu. 25 Hendk Bidder's child
ried at the flats 26 Nicolas Bleecker's child
29 Gose Van Schaick Sept 17 Hend M. Roseboem's child
Augt 23 Nicholas Bleeeker's child 23 Jacobus Kidnie's child
Sept 28 Cornelis C. Van den Bergh's 27 .'an Van
Alstyn
child Octr 13 Dirck Vander Heyclen
Octr 4 Thunis Fiele's child 17 NeeltieRyckman was buried by
5 Marytie Mingael* Antony Brat
11 Jonas Douw was buried at 17 Hend'k H. Roseboom's child, do
Greenbush Novr 7 Casparus Van Geveren
25 Willem Waldrum's child Deer 2 Abram Vosbergh's child
Nov 7 Jacobus Schuyler's child was 3 John Van Ostrande's child
buried at the hogeberg 12 Jenneke Blyckers
19 Rychart Hansen's -little son* 23 Job's Bleecker*
24 Isaac Wendell's child was bu- 26 Gerritie Draeyers*
ried at the flats 31 Jacob B- Ten Eyck's child
29 Dominie. Van Schie's child* 1739
Deer 2 Thomas Sherp's child Jan 4 Willem Hogen's child
1737 Feb 2 Teunis Egbertse's child
Jan 12 Albert Ryckman was buried by 2 Dominie Van Schie's child*
Egbert Brat Jan 4 Johs Van Schayck's child
23 Hans Hansen's little son Pieter Mch 12 Johs Van Vechte Jrs. child
25 David Groesbeeck's little son 23 Jacob Beeckman
Feb 4 Antony Van Schaick Apl 7 Dircktie Vischer was buried by
Mch 22 Robt Dunbar's child Rut Van Woert
26 Edward Holland's wife was bu- May 9 Jacob Glen's daughter*
ried in the English church June 3 Geurt Benneway's child
Apl 23 Bastiaen Vischer 8 Mattys Flensburgh
May 28 Jacob Bogart's daughter 8 Adrieaen Brat's child
June 5 Johs Scuyler's wife* July 10Hannah Flensburgh
July 2 Migal Besset's son 14 Jacobus Redlif's child
26 George hipkms [?] was buried 15 Hendrick Oottiout
in the English church Agt 7Fredk Vischer's wife
27 Gerret J. Lansing's child 21 Rychart Hansen's child
Agt 2 Muttys Vander Heyden's child 22 Gerret Ja Lansing's child
3 The sister of Wm Tellers wife 22 Johs Wyngart's child
11 Dirck Ten Broeek's little son* 23 Johs Douw's child
18 Johs. Ouderkerk's child 26 Wouter Knickerbacker's child
28 Abram Fonda's child 26 Abram Van Deusen's child
29 Jolis Dforeest's child Sept 1 Abram Van Deusenjs child
Septr 3 Adam Yates' child 9 Abram Lansingh's'servant Johs
16 Domine Van Schie's child 23 David Van der Heyden's son
19 Dirck Hun's little daughter Nanningh
19 Sy brant Quackenbos' child Octr 3 Leendt Gansvoort's da. Maria
Octr 4 Jacobus V. Valkenbergh's child 4 Egbert Bart Egbertse's child
10 Nellie daughter of D. Ryckman 15 Theunis Eabertse's child
Novr 1 Jan Rosie* 21 Johs Van Rensselaer's child was
19 Benjamin Brats daughter was buried at Greenbush
buried by [Oliver?] 23 Pieter Schuyler's child was bu.
29 Wouter Knickerbacker's child ried at the flats
240 Dutch Church Burials.
26 Sybrat A. V. Schaick's little da. June Abram Van Arnem's daughter
Novr 12 David A. Schuyler's child 28 Johs Schuyler Jrs daughter was
16 Susanna wife of Johs Symonse* buried at the flats
19 Jacob Glen's child* July Hendk Halenbeeck's little child
27 Thomas Scherp's daughter was buried by
Deer 18 Johs E Wendell 8 Gerrit Benneway
12 Aeltie Oothout 10 Maria Roseboom
22 Giertie Lansing* 12 Anna Van Schayck
21 Gerrit Roseboom 22 Johs Douw's child
31 Johs Van Schaick's child 24 Johs Schuyler Jrs child was bu-
1740 ried at the flats
Jan 4 Anthony Van Dyck Augt 12 Volkert N. Douw's child
9 Jacobus Groesbee.-k's child 15 Robert Lansingh's child
16 Cornells Van Dyck's two daugh- Beeckman
ters Andries Brat's child
19 Billy Sixberry Octr 6 Dirk Hun's child
20 Harm. B. Vischer's child 15 Coenraet Ten Eyck's daughter
Feb 12 Freedk Myndertse Catrina
25 Hendk Bidder's little child Novr Thomas Willem's son Philip
1
Apl 1 Anna widow of Billy Sixberry's 6 John Schuyler Jur. was buried
child [i. e Billy's child] at the flats
27 Gerret Brat's wife Deer 1 Douwe Js Fonda's child
29 Johs Maselis' child 12 Hans Eversen was buried at the
May 12 Antony Van Schaick's da. Elsie Lutheran Church
June 8 Gysbert Marselis was buried by 19 Arieaentie Wendell*
Daniel Brat 1742
24 Claes Van Schayck's wife Jan 6 Melchert A. Van Deusen was
23 Jan Fonda buried at Papsknee
July 4 Hendk Renselaer 8 Dirck Martin's wife and child
12 Pieler Van Brugh* 15 Angenectie Schot widow her
22 Johs Schuyler* child
22 Adriaan Brat's child May 6 Obedia Coeper
23 Isaac Greverael's child Van Bruga*
11 Sara
Augt 10 Abram Bogarl's sister 28 Johs Jacobuse Lansingh's wife
12 Gerrit Teunisse Van Vechten's June 16 Matty Van der Heyden's child
child was buried at Papsknee July 6 Harpert Jacobse Van Deusen*
21 Johs De Forest's child 7 Jacob Maasen's child
25 Tjrck Swits 8 Maria Van Dyck
Septr 30 Barent Van Beuren's child was 15 Johs Van Vechten was buried
buried at Papsknee at Papsknee
5 Migal Besset's child 3 Jan Brat's child
19 Jacobus Redlif's child 27 Johs Beeckman's servant
Octr 23 Marte Van Buren was buried 31 Anna Van Woert
near his own house Agt 5 Jolis Van Vechte's child
Novr 3 Gerrit Johs Lansing's child 6 Johs Van Goesen's child
29 Volkert N. Douw's child 9 Willem Waldrum's child
1741 12 Jacob H. Ten Eyck's child
Jan 10 Johs Redlif's wife Selia Sept Zacharias Haes' child
27 Gerrit Ja Lansingh's wife 6 Hester Wendell
29 Harpert Jacobse's son Gerret 19 Gerrit Ja Lansingh's child
Feb 5 Elisabeth daughter of Catie Van Oct 9 Johs Van Schayck's child
Schayck 15 KiliaenVan Ranselaer's child
5 Luychas Hooghkerk Jrs child 24 Catriena Engelsprucker
13 Luychas Hooghkeerk's child Novr 28 Abram Splank
26 Johs Beeckman 5 Debora Hansen*
Mch 6 Pieter Garmo 7 Dominie Berly was buried in the
9 Mattys Van der Heyden's child English church
13 Luychas Hooghkerk 9 Johs Douw's child
Apl 3 Sara Schuylers was buried near Deer 24 Voynlie wife of Andries Brat
her residence by P. Schyuler 25 Johs P. Witbeck
9 Maragrietie daughter of Maria 1743
Roseboom Jan 7 Maria Gansevoort
13 Thomas Scherp's son Tomie 27 Wynant Van den Bergh'sdaugh-
24 Anna Sixberry daughter of Johs ter Volkie
Redlef Feb 13 Philip Wendell
 Dutch Church Burials. 241
15 Robert Sanders' wife* May 2 Cornelis Van den Bergh's child
Mch 4 Catharina Van Ness June 6 James Stievenson's wife*
9 Antony S. Van Schayck's wife* 3 Johs Douw's child
9 Pieter Schuyler's child was bu- 17 Jan Cell's child
ried at the flats 19 Isaac Frelen's child
27 Catlymie wife of Gerret Van 23 Johs Lansingh's wife
Ness July 8 Johs Van Yeveren's child
28 Marytie Van Schayck 9 Isaac Halenbeck's child
Apl 19 Antony Van Schayck's daughter 13 Johs Van Wie's child
Catriena 17 Stephanus Groesbeck
21 Evert Sixberry's child 31 Antony Van der Zee's wife
May 24 Robert Lansing's child Augt 9 Benjamin Bogart's child
30 Chatie Salomoiise 10 Wouter Groesbeek's child
June 5 Gerrit Van Nes' child 11 Johs Jacobse Eversen
5 Johs D. Van der Heyden's child 13 Susanna Van den Bergh, wife
20 Jacob Schermerhorn Jr was bu- of Cornelis Clasen
ried at Papsknee 16 Dom: Cornelis Van Schie*
July 10 Johs Eversen's child 16 Gerrit W. Van den Bergh's child
Agt 4 Gerret Ja Lansingh's wife 16 Jacob Van Woert's little son
11 Barent Van Ceuren's wife was 24 Harmen Vischer*
buried at Papsknee 25 Antony's Van der Zee's child
15 Antony Van Yveren's child 26 Tobyas Ryckman's wife
19 Benumen Whine's child 23 Jan Van Arnem's child
22 Jacobus RedliPs child 29 Nicolas Blecker Jr's child
26 Abram Wit beck's child 31 Abraham H. Wendell's child
31 Mattys Van der Heyden's two Septr 2 I*aac Greveraet's child
children 15 Bille Bronly's child
Sept 6 Johs Van Zante's wife 26 Johs Brat's child
Antony Van der Zee's child Oct 6 Johs Van Aelen's wife
Oct 1 Vullenpie Brat was buried by 14 Cornelis Van Alstyn's child
Rut Van Woert Novbr 2 John Ouderkerk's children
9 Wouter Knickerbacker's child 5 Pieter Fonda's wife
21 Johs H
Wendell Deer 8 Willem Hogen's
24 Abraham Ouderkerk 14 Hendk Van Wie's child
Novbr 1 Robert Sander's child* 23 Hendrick Van Wie's wife
3 Jacob Van Ruize Voert's child 23 Pieter Van Aelen's child
13 Gertie, daughter of Coenraet Ten 1745.
Eyck Jany 6 Jacob R. Van Woert's child
21 Henderick Gerritz's child 22 Harme B Visscher's child
27 David Groesbeek's child 25 Johs Roseboom*
Deer 3 Johs Redlif 's daughter Febry 5 Johs Oothout
6 Thomas Coeper's child 15 Isaac Ouderkerk's child
10 Gerrel W. Van den Bergh's child Mar 16 Teunis Slingerland's wife
13 Stephanus Van Renselaer's son April 6 Sauna, da. of Pieter Van Woret
25 Joseph Redlif 's child 27 Wilhelmus Ryckman's child
1744. May 8 Jeremiah Van Rensselaer (the
Jan 4 Wouier Groesbeek's child Patroon)
5 Dirck De Garmo 12 Jacob, son of Abram Lansing
6 Barent Jans Brat June 4 Gerret Van Zanl's child
8 Isaac Frelin's liitle son 5 Ned Hock's child
13 Harmen Gansevort's child 18 Hendk Van Hoesen's child
Rensselaer 20 Abraham Lansingh
Febry 7 Dortie Halenbeeck was buried in July 3 Joseph Van Zante's wife
the Lutheran grave yard 3 Jacob Wendell's child
14 Wilhelmus Ryckman's child 22 Johs Boom, a high Dutchman
Mar 2 Gerrit Van Sehoonhoven's wife, 23 Gerrit d'Ridder's child
Lutheran Augt 4 Dirk Wyt's child
3 Antony Van der Zee's child 18 Stephanub Van Rensselaer's da.
4 Harmanus H. Wendell's child 22 Cristoffell Abeel's child
7 Johs M. Flinsburgh's child 26 Johs Dpeyster's little son*
April 17 Antony Bogardus 27 David Groesbeek's daughter
20 Gerrit Johs Lansingh's child Septr 1 Catlymie, da. or wife of Johs
23 Cornells Rulder Ja Lansing
30 Pieter Coeyman was buried on 4 Hendk, son of David A. Schuy-
Barren Island ler
242 Dutch Church Burials.
5 Jacob Wendell was buried at 3 Gysbert Van Alstyii
Greenbush 12 Martynis C. Van Alstyn
6 Scheeboleth Bogardus's Eph'm 12 Jacob Van Ye veren
6 Jeramee Schuyler's daughter 12 Barent Van Y veren
was buried at the flats 1-2 Son ol Ryner Van Y veren
10 Isaac Hansen's child 13 Child of Levynis Winne
10 Gerrit Brat's child 15 Johas Rynr Van Yveren
13 Johs De Foreest's little son 16 Jacob C Ten Eyck's child
19 Fredk Ruyter Jr
Septr 14 Geradus Groesbeek's child*
16 Johs, son of Isaac Lansingh 26 John Lagrange's wife
16 John Courtney's child 30 Johs Roelfise's daughter
17 Hendk Cosier* June 1 Philip Ruyter
19 Saimaka Wendell, da. of Johs 1 Michiel Bessel's child
Van 2 Son of Bobbert Wendell
19 Sybrant Gert Van Schaick's da. 15 Daughter of Philip Winne
22 Johs Ja Lansigh's child 17 Child of Adam Yates
Octbr 2 Cornells Cuyler's child* 19 Wife of Jochem Van der Heyden
5 Mr. Cateris's child was buried in 24 Thierk Beeckman
the English church 24 Geertruy, da. of Mich. Groesbeck
5 Abram Js Fonda's child 24 Little child of Gerret G. Lansingh
6 Gerrit G Lansingh's wife 26 Gerret, son of Johs Rolifsen
20 Johs Douw's little child 28 Abram Fielie
28 Johs Ja Everson's child
: 29 Theunis Slingerland
29 Jacob Hansen's child 30 Annata, wife of Dirck Wyt
Novbr 8 Geertruy Van Vechte was buried 30 Nicolas Js. Groesbeck
in the Patroon's vault July 1 Wife of Jan de Voe
15 Elizabeth Wendell was buried 6 Isaac Van Aelstyn
at the fiats. 8 Child of Thunis Fiele
17 Barent Staats Jr's son 10 Child of Abram Gardenier
21 Walraven Cloet's son 13 Hendrick Brat
21 Arent Siingerland's child 16 Child of Willem Ryckman
28 Benumen Hitten's child 23 Child of David Van Zante
30 Asueros Rosebopm's wife 23 Evert Bogardus
Deer 4 Mad alena Lansingh 27 Geradus [K]loedt
~
5 Sander Van \V oert's child 27 Jan de Voe
12 Debora Beeckman 29 Child of Franciskis Lansing
19 Eysabell Staats* 20 Debora, da. of Hendk H. Rose-
22 Mattys Van den Bergh boem
23 Daniel Whine Jr's child 20 Wife of Lymon Vedder
1746. 31 Child of Evert Sieger
Janry 11 David Van Zante's wife 31 Harme Bogardus
20 Lammerl Kool's child Aug 1 Gerrit Ja Lansingh
21 Jacob Muller's daughter 1 Child of Abram Finhagen
26 Johannis Marselis was buried by 2 Child of Johs Beeckraan
Daniel Brat 2 Son of Johs Sieger
29 Johs Yates's child 3 Elsie, da. of Jacob Lansingh
Feb 14 Tomas Coeper's little child 5 Daughter of Johs D'Foreest
Mar 8 Wailoven Cloet's daughter 5 Wendell, son of Evert Wendell
20 Gerret Van Wie's wife was bu. 6 Wife of Zacharias Sischel
by his house
ried 6 Child of Sylvand Van Schayck
April 1 Maria Van Hoesen in the Lu- 7 Child of Michael Bessett
theran church 8 Child of Hendk Fonda
1 Son of Jacob Fort 9 Child of Jacobus Wilton
10 Jacob Van der Heylen 12 Child of Johs Van Vechte
11 Wife of Harme Van Hoesen at 12 Daughter of Jesse. D'Foreest
the Lutheran church 12 Jacob, son of Johs D'Garrn
11 Daughter of Jacob Fort 13 Child of Johs Slingerland
13 Litile son of Jan Van Arnem 14 Barent Vrooman
14 Wife of Johannes Cuyler* 15 Hendk H Roseboom
15 Child of Wouter Js Groesbeck 16 Sylfrand H. Van Schaick's child
16 Jacoo Glen* 17 Child of Johs Visscher
21 Willem Groesbeck 18 Child of Frans Wey
Bosie
23 Harmen Van Vechten 21 Child of Egbert B. Egbertse
27 Child of Abram Fort 21 Ragel Livereen
May 1 Rychart Van Frauke 22 Johs A. Cuyler's child
 Dutch Church Burials. 243
22 Child of Sybrand H
VanSchayck 17 Daughter of AdriaenQuackenbos
25 Willem Vancier Zee's child 19 Catreen Bovie
26 Willem Kittell 20 Gerrit Van Wie
26 son of Jacob Van Woert
Jolis, 25 Johs Van Vechten
26 Will em Ouderkerk 26 Lowis Schredell
26 Child of Sara Fort 31 Child of Richert M Van Franke
28 Wife of Johannes Beeckman 1747.
31 Litlle child of Claes Gardiner's son Jan 7 Child of Christiaan Lagraniel
in law 16 Child of Barent A Staats
Sept 4 Wife of Johs Ryckse 17 Sanuake Schuyler
5 Wife of Robt Lansing Feb 1 Child of Pieter Waldrun, near his
5 Daughter of Samuel Pruyn house
5 Child of Gysbert Mailstyn [i. e. 23 Wife of Johs Van Rensselaer, in
Gysbert M
Aelstyn] the church
5 Child of Sybrant G VanSchaick Mar 2 Johs Schuyler, church
in the
7 Son of Mattys Bovie 12 Gerrit Teumsse Van Vechten
8 Zander Van Woert 14 Geertruy Groesbeck
9 Hendrick Jacobse Beeckman 19 Maycke Ouderkerk, by Pieter Van
9 Wife of Jonatan Witbeck jr. Woert
[Machtel] Apr 14 Volckie, wife of Wynant V de
9 Child of Abram Van Arnem Bergh
11 Wife of Johs Hansen 16 by William Rogers jr
12 Child of Mr Carte ris 19 Child of John Donway
15 Child of Hellagont Lewis May 1 Child of Arent Van Deusen
15 Child of Annietie Groesbeck 9 Symon Daniels
15 Child of Robt Livingston 10 Son of John Whitbeck died and
16 Child of Wynant C~V Bergh was buried
17 Child of Pieter Schuyler 25 Wife of Scheeboleth Bogardus
18 Daughter of Rychert Hilton Jun 10 Child of Abraham Yeats
18 Child of Cornells Martise Aelstyne 21 Cornells Van Dyck
20 Daughter of Saml Criegeer July 1 Patroon Stephen Van Rensselaer,
21 Little son of Livynis Whine at the mills
21 Elisabeth, daughter of Rut Van 2 Evert Van Nes' wife
Woert 4 Cornelis Swarthout
21 Child of Jonas Oolhout 14 Jacob Bleecker
22 Child of Isaac iSwitts 14 Abraham Cuyler, in the church
25 Child of Jacob Bleeker 16 Child of Wouter Knickerbacker
27 Hendk Gansevoort 18 Little son of Mr Catries, in the
28 Daughter of Lysbeih Van Vechten English church.
30 Johs Ouderkerk 24 Wife of Meyndert Schuyler, in the
Oct 1 WifeofOlderick Van Franke church
1 Child of Zacharias Sischel 31 Margrietie, daughter of Abram
4 Daughter of David Dforeest Lansing
7 Child of Pieter Missel Aug 4 Child of Jacob Van Benthuisen
7 Child of Jonatan Witbeck 5 Child of V
P Douw, in the church
11 Johannis Van Scharluyn 5 Child of Benjamin Goewey
17 Wife of Hugan Frele 9 Jacob Seene
22 Son of Isaac Bogert 11 Son of Peter Van Beuren
26 Abraham Dox 12 Jan Van Nes
27 Johannis A Cuyler 13 Child of Abram Ja Lansing
30 Child of Jacob Ten Eyck 14 Child of Benjamin Van Vechte
Noy 2 Marlie Fonda 15 Child of Maiiys Van d Heyden
3 Susanna P Wendell 18 Child of Andries Van Wie
5 Killiann Whine, a young man (of 19 Johs Marselis jr, by Egbert Brat
Pakesie) 19 Little girl of Elisabeth d Waudlaer
7 John Schuyler jr, in the church 24 Child of Livynis Wiiine
10 Daughter of Evert Wendell 24 Child of Dirck Van der Heyden
13 Child of Hendk Gerrit Van Nes 26 Child of Abram Lansiiisrh
14 Sara, daughter of Isaac Greeveraet 27 Child of Wouier N
Groesbeck
16 Jan Cristiaense 29 Catrina, daughter of Elisabeth
23 Gerrhie Roseboom, in the church Wendell
23 Wynne Berril 30 Daughter of Calynlie Van der
25 Child of Mr Corrie Bergh
Dec 3 Child of Luykas Tomase Witbeck 30 Child of Bastiaen Tymesse
244 Dutch Church Burials,
Sept 4 Child of Daniel Hussen 21 Wife of Gerrit Ryckseff
5 Child of Jacobus Schuyler 24 Child of Corneles Waldrum
5 Wife of Philip Wiune 25 Wife of Pieter Davids Schuyler
5 Daughter of Arye Oothout 1743.
7 Child of Adriaau Quackenbos Jan 13 Geritie Rykerson
7 Child of Robert Sanders 14 Little son of Catalyntie Roseboom
8 Child of Gys>-erl Van Brakel 19 James, son of Rolf Schoon
9 Son of Gerrit Marselis [Jacob] 26 Daughter of Jellis D Garmo
10 Jochim, son of Johs V'isscher Feb 9 Geeatie Kipp
10 Gerrit, son of Hendk Gerritse 25 Annate Hilton
10 Child of Sybram Quackenbos 25 Obadya Cooper's child.
10 Jochem, son of Johs Van der 28 Child of Johs Van Yeveren
Heyden Mar 2 Child of Pieter Schuyler
11 Two children of Benjamin Bogart 23 Wife of Isaac Fonda
12 Child of Hendk Bries 29 Daughter of Cornelia Cooper
12 Child of Volkert Van den Bergh 31 Child of Gerrit Marselis
12 Daughter of Neeltie Brat Apr 3 Child of Dirck B VanSchoonhoven
13 Giedeon Quackenbos 9 Johs Wendel's cosyn ( i. e. ne-
16 Child of Sybrunt Goes VanSchaick phew ?)
16 Child of Benjamin Goevvey 9 Wife of James Steinhuys
17 Daughter of Neeltie Brat 17 Wife of Obadya Coeper
17 Child of Evert Lansingh 19 Child of Johs Ten Eyck
17 Child of Peter Schuyler 21 Wife of Pieter Van Beuren
19 Little son of Evert Wendell 24 Marya Gerritse
20 Nicolas Bleecker jr May 16 Madame Margrita Collans, hi the
20 Aunake, daughter of Petrus Bo- church
gardus 20 Wife of Abraham Vinhagen
20 Catrina, widow of Willem Groes. 24
Evert Ryckse
beck's child 25
Johannis Berreway
20 Daughter of Catrina, widow of Johannis Hansen
30
Martyn Van Aalstyn Jun 10 Alyda Visscher
21 Child of Zacharias Haes July 5 Child of Thomas Seeger
21 Child of John Willems 8 Nicholas Schuyler
21 Child of Evert Lansingh 10 Child of Jan Brat
23 Child of Dirk Olver 17 Child of Adam Yates
23 Child of Isaac Hansen 20 Pieter Quackenbos
23 Daughter of Arye Oothout 24 Child of Robert Sanders, near his
25 Child of Robert Wendell house
26 Child of Abraham H Wendell 24 Child of Abraham Lansingh, near
26 Child of Cornelis C Van denBergh his house
26 Schiel>oleth Bogardus 29 Child of Jacob H Ten Eyck
27 Child of Rebecca, widow of Hendk Aug 3 Johs L Wliitbeck
Brat 6 Johs G Lansingh
27 Child of Rychart Hansen 15 Child of Antony Van der Zee
28 Child of Johs Cloet 16 Wife of Andries [Mahaiis]
28 Child of Rynier Van Hoesen 17 Child of Jacob Egmond
30 Two children of Willem Gysbert 27 Rachel, daughter of John Whitbeck
Van den Bergh 29 Lydia Van Vechte, in the church
Oct 1 Wife of Isaac de Voe 30 Child of Hendk Van Nes
2 Child of Johannis Van Wie Sept 2 Catie Van Weie
2 Child of Nicholas Cuyler 4 Pieier Ryckman
3 Daughter of Willem Van d Bergh 11 AVife of Tomas Coeper
3 Child of Harmen Hun 19 Melgert. son of David Groesbeck
3 Little, son of Barent V Yeveren 27 Two children of Cornelis Winne,
3 Child of Jacob Bogart jr by his house
12 Child of Sybrant Goes Van Shaick Oct 2 Gerrit J* Lansingh
13 Child of James Stenhuys 6 Child of Cornells Snnford
20 Wife of Isaac Outlerkerk 13 AVife of Volkert N D;>uw
25 Wife of Rutger Blecker 24 Child of Cornelis Van Nes
Novl7 Maryte Winne Nov 3 Bregie, sister of Cornelis Clasen
26 Child of Johannis Lansingh jr 3 AVife of Tomas Scherp
EL'' * >->i!'l ot II urine Kmckerbacker 6 Child of Johannis V Douw
3 Coenradt (Ruiesmayor) 1749.
15 Cliild of John Fryer Jan 3 Rynier Van Hoesen
 Dutch Church Buriah. 245
22 Child of Tomas Coyper May 4 Evert Wendell
26 Tryntie Vrooman 25 Gerrit Ja Lansingh's child
26 Jacobus Van Schoonhoven June 7 Marte Hoean
28 Jan Dreth 13 [Tunik?J Hoogh
Feb12 Willem Hilten 22 Luycas Hooghkerk's child
16 Child of Dirk Van Aesdale 26 Child of Pieter D Wandelier
17 Child of Jacob H Ten Eyck. by July 6 Child of Gerrit Van Franke
his house 22 Daughter of HeiHrick Lansingh
Mar 6 Child of Pieter Lansingh 25 Child of Jacob Ja Lansing
18 Catrina, daughter of Claes Van Aug 5 Child of Rychart Hansen
Woert 23 Abigail Splank
Apr 3 Wife of Jacob R Van Woert Sep 15 Nicolaes Van Schaick
7 Ragel Redliff 16 Wife of Johs de Peyster, in the
10 Johannis Visscher church
14 Sara, wife of Robert Lansingh 28 Son of Hendrick Halenbeeck
14 The child of Arye Oothout's 30 Johs F Van Yveren's child
[daughter] Oct 17 Salomon Van Vechte, [on the
25 Daughter of Johs Janz Lansingh other side.?]
Jun 13 Child of Petrus Van Loon 22 Johs Vinhagen, near his house
14 Child of Robt Livingston Nov 6 Luychas Hooghkerk's wife
16 Wife of Barent Staats jr 17 Child of Marte Bockley
17 Child of Cornells C Van der Bergh 18 Elbert Gerrits, in the church
27 Child of Johs Ten Eyck 19 Little (laughter of Annake, widow
July 1 Child of Robt Lansingh Pieter Van Alen
2 Lievynis Lieversen 23 Child of Philip Hansen
7 Gelyi Splanck Dec 5 Child of David Van der Heyden
20 Child of Jacobus Cleerment 11 Child of Johs Douw
31 Child of Mr Kartryt, in English 31 Daughter of Adam Y acts
church 1751.
Aug 3 Child of Volkert Van der Bergh Jan 4 Nicolaes Bleecker, in the church
Child of Bethe Wilsen
1 1 7 DJrck Ten Broeck, in the church
18 Child of Jacobus Cleement 14 Child of Staets Zantfort
23 Johannis Pruyn Anna Kisctenar
30
31 Benjamin Van Vechte Feb 9 Daughter of G^rrrt Van Zarrte
3i Son of Berrk Staats 9 Child of John Fryer
Sept 3 Child of Benjamin Hilteu 17 Child of Baueimardus Harsen
17 Pieter Van Aelen Mar 10 Child of Pieter M
de Garmo
Ocl 2 Debora Roseboom 15 Child of Pieter D Wandelaec
6 of Jacob Lansingh 19 Little son of Rychart Hansen
9 Child of Volkert P Douw 21 Wife of Pieter D Wandelier
24 Child of Bar-me Gansvort 25 Child of Willem Van Buren, al
29 Gysbert Roseboom Papsknee
Nov4 Child of Jonas Oothout 26 Child of Antony Van Yveren
8 Lynt'e, wife of Abram Douw Apr 3 Child of Willem Van Zante
11 Child of Killiaen Van Rensselaer 4 Philip Loock, by his house
Dec 3 John, son of Ruben Van Vechte 12 Child of Abraham Lansingh
J4 Child of Abram Yates 16 Little girl of (Volkert P Douw)
25 Annatie, wife of Antony Van d Zee Catie Cropel
26 Antie de Bidder 21 Child of Evert Seeger
1750. 23 Wife of Jacobus Groesbeck
Jan 3 Wife of Nicolas Cuyler, at the flats 29 Hendk de Witt's son's child
19 Wife of Joseph Yeats [Hendrike ?1 May 4 Little son of Gerrit G Van der
Feb 9 Child of John R Bleecker, in the Bergh
church 18 Hendrick Douw
Mar 7 Child of Roelf, servant of Pieter 28 Child of Johs M
Felensburgh
Whine June 4 Little child of Johs Ten Eyck
9 Marya Van Deusen 10 Child of Tobias Ten Eyck
21 Child of Harmen B Visscher 26 Antony Ay Brat's wife
22 Child of Antony Brat jr July 7 Antony Ay Brat's child
Apr 7 Bettie Wilson 14 Child of Geradus Groesbeeck
12 Johs Van Allen 18 Child of Tarn Smitd
17 Robert Wendell Aug 10 Child of Billy Bromly
24 Cornelis Van Vechte 26 Child of Michael Besset
29 Son of James Stevenson, in the Sep 2 Antony Van Zante
church
246 Dutch Church Burials*
5 Annetie, wife of Claes Fonda 23 Hester Van Arenero
15 Wife of Adam Yates Mar 5 Tryntie Waldrum
Oct 13 Daughter of Sybrant A Van 20 Elsie, daughter of Leendert Gan-
Schaiok sevoort
30 Wife of John G Roseboom 25 Child of Jacob Bogart jr
Nov 3 Children of Hendnck G Van Nes 29 Edward Collins, in" our church
12 Child of John R Bleecker, in the May 4 Pieter Schuyler's child, at the flats
church 19 Child of Abram Yates
1752. Jun 16 Child of Pieter Johe Garmo
Jan Wife of Volkert Douw 26 Willem Mecryda
Feb 5 Barentie Everse 30 Abraham E Wendell
26 Arye Oothout July 8 Child of Harmen Hun
26 Daughter of Johs Cloett 28 Child of Isaac Hanse
Mar 6 Wife of Jacob Maasen Aug 1 Son of Gerrit Van Zante
9 Wife of RolifSeeger 10 Child of Johs Flensburgh
19 Jannetje, wife of Johs Gr Lansingh 11 Child of Johs Gansevoort
Apr 16Wife of Pieter Willems 13 Child of Marte Van Yveren
May 4 Willem Van Scharluyn Sept 2 Volkert Douw
Juu 2 Cornells de Hiller 2 Pieter Sohnyler ir. at the flats
27 Samuel Pruyn 3 Cornells Sliiigeilandt. ai iNiocatlia
30 Child of Killiaen Van Rensselaer 6 Wife of John Bertely, by Koeye-
July 2 Elsie Cuyler, in the church man
7 Child of Roelif, servant of Pieter 8 Child of Adriaen Quackenbos
Winne 11 Child of Marte Van Yveren
19 Child of Johs Ten Eyck 13 Wife of Thomas Seger
9 Neeltie Beeckman 17 Sarah Hoogkerk
11 Asweurus Wendell 22 Hendrick Bries, at Papsknee
26 Children of Gerrit Johs Lansingh 23 Child of Philip Hansen
28 Barent Staats, at the Hoghbergb. 29 Child of Abram Coeper
30 Child of Abram Yates Oct 16 Joseph Janz Van Zante
Aug 9 Child of Johs Gansvoort 20 Mr Smit the schoolmaster's child
9 John Waters 22 Wife of Benjamin Kgbertz
17 Willem Van Beuren, at Papsknee Nov 7 John Roseboom Doxter] [

18 Daughter of Margrietie, widow of 28 Child of Isaac Fonda

Nicolas Bleecker Dec 5 Child of Steven Van Schack
18 Child of Billy Bronbely 10 Jeramiah Schuyler, at the flats
26 Elisabeth Hooghkerk 15 Child of Jacob Van der Heyden,
Sep 20 Child of Wilhelmus Van den near his house
Bergh jr 1754.
26 Child of Wouter Knickerbacker Jan 3 Ragel Van der Heyden. at the flats
30 Catie Witbeck, at Papsknee 13 Elisabeth Corlaer, in the church
Oct 1 The sister of Gerrit Van der Feb 5 Rabecca, wife of Pieter Bogart
Bergh's wife 22 Wife of Johs Van der Heyden
3 Wife of Marte D Stiller 26 Christoffel Yates
5 Willem, son of David Groesbeeck Mar 8 Ariaentie, wife of Douw Van
5 Child of Dirk Olfer Vechten
5 Child of Geradus Lansingh Jonas Oothout
11 Elisabeth, wife of
13 Cornelia Whine, at Bethelem [was a Lansing]
21 Rver Gerrits 18 A High Dutchman
22 Child of John Johs Lansingh Apr 25 Geertruy, wife of Ryer Gerritz
30 Child of Tomas Seeger 25 Daughter of Johs Van Rensellaer
Nov 12 Child of Gerrit Van Franken 29 Child of Martin Bockeley
13 Child of Jacob Van Schayck May 10
20 Child of Johs Bleecker jr 19 Wife of Marte Bockely
23 Thomas Willems Jan 13 Johs D Freest
Dec 4 Wife of Johs Bleecker 23 Child of Isaac Freest
27 Child of Jacob Coeper Jul 10 Child of Abram Bogart jr
29 Child af Antony Gose Van Schayck 10 Child of Gysbcrt Fonda, "tavont"
29 Child of Antony Egbertie Brat 17 Samuel Coeyman
1753 Aug 11 Harme Hun's child
Jan 23 Coenradt Te Eycke 17 Child of Willem Winne
Feb 6 Antony Coster, in the church 20 Catryn. wife of James Way
10 Child of Barenhardus Harsen 23 Child of Wouter Groesbeeck
16 Child of John Jacobse Eversen 23 Jan, son of Harm Van Hoesen
 Dutch Church Burials. 247
Sept 1 Abram Pells 19 Child of John Lansingh
8 Child of Johs MDe Garmo 21 Child of John Lansingh
8 Child of Kerry Van Dyck 22 Child of Pieter Gansvort
9 Wife of Samuel Cregier 23 Child of Robt Berrit
22 Child of Pieter Waldrum 24 Child of Geradus Lansingh
25 Wife of Petrus Hilton 26 Child of Volkert P Douw, in the
27 Child of Cornells Groot. church
Oct 2 Child of Petrus Hilten 29 Cornells Bogart
7 Cnild of Theunis Van Vechte 3d Child of David Abeel
10 Child of John Davids Aug 3 Isaac Fryer, in the English church
11 Wife of Atlriaen Brat 4 Marte Van Aelslyn, son of Martyn
17 Cornelia, daughter of Johs Freest 10 Child of Beimome
18 Wife of \ntony Johs Brat 15 (Janna Peisen)
21 Child of Adriaen Brat 22 Child of Johs Johs Wendell
21 Child of Rykert Hausen 23 Child of Puilip Deforeest
21 Child of CaptHischen Holland Sept 2
27 Elisabeth Vischer, mother of H 3 Child of Fredk Gerrits
Vischer 6 Wife of Daniel Haelenbeeck
29 Hendrick Roseboom 11 Child of Harm Gansevort
Nov 12 Harmanis P Wendell 18 Child of Robt Crannel
14 Geertie Groesbeeck 27
25 Bettie Groesbeeck 27 Child of Volkert Van den Bergh
26 Child of Gerrit Lansingh Oct 7 Child of Daniel Haelenbeck
Dec 3 Child of Ben Williams 8 Mayors Foot, by Pieter Douw
7 church
Luyckas J Wyugart, in the church 21
Myndert Schuyler, in the
12 John Daniels 24 Willem Hilton, a young man
18 Catrina, wife of David Groesbeek 2-5 Isaac Fort
31 Johs N Schuyler, at the Hogh-
18 Wife of Robert Berret bergh
21 Wife of Wynant C Van denBergh Nov 3 Harm Ryckman
28 Wife of Hendrick Van Nes 4 Child of Jacob Gerritz VanSchayck
1755. 12 John Isa Wendell (in) Boston
Jan 4 Annatie, wife of Rychert Van 16 A New.England officer, by John
Franc ke E Wendell
11 Jacob Eversen 19 Child of Artnt Van Deusen
14 Abraham Wendell 20 Cristina Cuyler, in the church
16 Child of Johs Yates, at Greenbush 22 Child of Pieter M
de Garmo
22 Wife of Robert Wendell, at the 24 Pieter Martin
flats 25 Child of Andries Gardinier
24 Child of Henry Van Dyck Dec 3 Hendriekis M Beeckman
27 Janr.etie Gelen, in the church 15 Child of Abram Peeck
Feb 5 Hendk Eversen 17 Child of A bram P Bogart
Mar 6 Eva Beeckmau 1756
13 Child of Jacob Johs Van der Hey- Jan 2 Elisabeth Brat, in the church
den 6 Douwe Isa Fonda's wife
20 Child of Johs Johs Lansingh 6 Kerry Abeel
22 Wife of Johannis Goewey 21 Appeelouie Merit
28 Abram To's Witbeck's Wife, at 21 By Johs Flensburgh, Sirsieman
Papsknee Feb 2 Gerrit Roelfse
May 5 A child buried by David Groes- 4 Wife of Rynier Meyndertse, by R
beeck V Woert
6 Child of Abram Yates 14 Child of Maria Van der Heyden
7 Wife of Isaac Ouderkerk Mar 4 Child of Jhs Knickerbacker
8 Child of Johs Seeger's youngest 4 Child of Johs Ja Eversen
daughter 6 Child of Abraham Ten Broeck
June 4 Jacob Maasen 18 Willem Nicolaes, in the church
6 Daughter of Gerrit Van Zante 20 Lybitie Olinue
7 Daughter of Salomon Goewey 2D Child (son) of Walrt raven Cloet
11 Child of Dirk Van der Heyden 21 Child of Abram H
Wendell
12 Wife of Johs Fonda, at the pa- 26 Child of Harme Gansevoort
troon's Apr 6 Wife of Pieter Douw
July 9 Wife of Rutger Van Woert 6 Samuel Ten Broeck
11 Wife of Abraham Van Arnera (Ja 8 Maria, wife of Cornells Van Dyck
Lansingh do) 12 Johs, sou of Willem Van Zaute
248 Dutch Church Burials.
May 18 Child of Abram Van Franc-he Nov 4 Pieter Goewey
18 Cornells Waldrum 5 Barent, son of John Bleecker
27 Son of John Raely 7 Child of Mart/nis Cregier
30 Wife of Jacob Van Woert 18 Willem Bort, patooman
June 8 A son of Spinier 18 Child of Johs Ja Eversen
9 Luycas, sonof Luyckas Hoogkerke 29 Daughter of Johs Ten Broecfc
21 Wife of Abram Mynderse Dec 6 Haas Hansen
27 Thunis Van Vechte 17 .'an Maaseu jr
Jul 13 John Bries. by Jan Witbeeken 20 Henry Douw, at Greenbush
21 Child of Thunis Van Vechte 23 A Highdutchman's wife
23 Child of Isaac Fonda jr 30 Catie Van vSchayck
31 Child of Jacob Spruger 31 Madame Elisabeth VanRensselaer
Aug 2 Johs Halenbeeck. by Abram Yates 1757.
5 Rutger Bleecker, in the church Jan 6 Wife of Harm Liverse
10 Child of Johs Ten Eyck 7 Willem Crennel
tO Madame Van Driesen, in the 7 Little son of Geradns Grooesbeeefc
church 8 Child of a Highdutchman
;
14 Child- of Fredk Cloet 10 Son of Edward Willems
.17 Child of Ringer Van den Bergh 16 Child of Harm Liverse
23 Child of Harm J Visseher 19 Johs Redlif
26 CKild o'f Pefrus Vosbnrgh 2! Wife of David Groesbeeck
,,26 A .
[Abram Van Duse] 22 Son of Edward Willems
/jSft, Mafy Wyngar't 24 Olderick Van Francke
*
2a'-GHild df.John'M Beockman 26 Child of Gera/ms Groesbeeck
;
<
l8*C1iildof'JohnCloetjr Feb 1 Wife of Pieter Quackenbos
23 Chtfd of Johs Ja Muller 6 Son of Geradns Groesbeeck
Jesee Winne
'29 9 Wife of John Kaar
30 Child of Abram Ja Lansingh 13 Ragel Bogardus
Sept 1 Child of Abram Van den Bergh Mar 15 Johs, son of Roelf Seger
I Wife of Hendk Mayor 17 Child of the daughter of Joh
5 Child of Basiian T Vi-scher Wyngart
5 Child of Antony Flensburgh/ 31 ChiM of Johs Coon
5 Johs Brat Brat May 2 Catrina, wife of Isaac Vosbergh
1 1 Leindert Van Vechte 3 Elisabeth Roster, in the church
13 Daughter of Old rick Van Franke 6 Two children of Volkert Van den
17 Child of Johs Van Zante jr Bergh
19 John B Wendell 9 Child of Abram Bogart
19 Wife of Harmanus Wendell 10 Johannis Bleecker
21 Child of Cornells M
Vanden Bergh 15 Wife of Abram H
Wendell
22 A Roeyland man. by John Peys 28 Child of Jacob Van Schayck
25 Child of Andries Gasdanier 3fl Wife of Meyndert Marsefis
27 Jesse ForestD 30 Daughter of Symon Vedder
27 Johs Arie OcHhout June 2 Child of Pinter Waldrum
29 A
by Johs Visscher Harme 7 Child" of Johs Van Yveren
Oct 2 A
by Staets Santford 17 Wife of Johs Segers jr
6 Johs Poc 23 Child of Pieter Hilton
7 Wife of Albartus Maase 24 Georgie Lombers
11 Child of Dirk B Van Schoonhoven 26 Child of David tSprugert
12 Robert Berret 30 Catrien. daughter of Gysbert Van
15 Child of Albartus Maase den Bergh
15 Wife of Pieter Maase 25 Child of Frans Lansingh
16 Child of Robert Sanders, buried Jul 11 Sonof Dirk Brat VanSchoonhoven
Barent Cose
17 Jacob Lansingh, by his house 21 Child of the widow of Jesse Winne
18 Maria, daughter of Aswerus 27 Wife of Jacob Roseboom
20 Son of Jacobus Schuyler 27 A
man, by Staats Zanlfort
21 Pieter S Bogardus 31 Little son of Isaac D Fonda
24 Maria Van Aelstyn Aug 3 Child of Jellis K Winne
26 Johs Beeckman 5 Child of Gysbert Marselis
26 Johs Pierson 10 Child of Harm B Visscher
27 Pieter Lorkerman 13 Child of Pieter Messel
29 Wife of Andries Gardinier jun 14 Daughter of Dirk B Schoouho^en
38 Child of James Adam 24 Child of Jonas Oothout
3& Child of Pieter Alaasen 26 Child of Jacob Ja Lansingh
 Dutch Church Buriah. 249
27 Gerrit Janz Lansinarh 12 Child of Antony Van der Zee
28 Child of Jobs M
Beeckman 14 Child of Michel Bessett
Sept 1 Child of Johs M
Flensburgh 18 Child of Philip D
Foreest
2 Wife of Hendk Peeger 20 Child of Cornells Santford
2 Child of Antony Van Yveren 20 Child of Marte Van Kj vere
5 Child of Jacob Bog-art 22 Child of Johs Knickerbacker
7 Little girl of Jonas Oolhout Nov 9 Child of Bastiaen Visscher
12 ChiM of Abram Freest 12 Child of Petnis Vosburgh
13 A Boston captain, by Abram Lan- 14 Hester Swits
singh 21 Barent Sanders, in the church
14 Sara Luykase 22 Child of Thunis Van Woert
15 Child of Dom Freelinghuyse 30 Child of Pieter Waldrum
20 Child of Pieter MD
Garmo Dec 1 Child of Johs Van Zanie
29 John Fryer's child 5 An officer, by Symon Ridder
29 Child of Hend Wendel 10 Child of Hendk Gerrits
Oct 7 Child of Pieter Jongs 12 Lena Lansingh
9 <
hild of Jacob G Van Schnyck 12 Child of Pieter Lanj
12 Child of Will Van den Bergh jr 12 BastinerG

at aria
FAMILY RECORD FROM THE GROESBECK BIBLE :

Now in the Possession of DAVID GJROESBECK. of Albany.

1724 Nov 8. I,David Groesbeck senior, married Maria VanderPoel,
who died January 18, 1757.
1725 Aug 2. My son William was born. Died Oct 3, 1752.
1726 Dec 24. My daughter Catrinn was born. Died Jan 1, 1732.
1728 Aug 5. My son David was born (m. 1752). Died Mar 30, 1795.
1730 Apr HO. My daushter Mary was born. Died Jan 26, 1732.
1732 Apr 13. My son Melleghast was born. Died Sep 18, 1748.
1734 Feb 23. My son John was born. Died Jan 23, 1737.
1736 Apr .
My son Abram died (born dead?).
1737 May 8. My daushter Cathryna was born.
1739 Apr 30. My daughter Gertruy was born. Died Aug 25, 1745.
1741 Jul 12. My son John was born.
1745 Mar 12. My daughter Catelyna was born. Died Jan 6, 1766.
1766 (1763?) David Groesbeck senior died.

1692 Mar 17. My father (David Groesbeck sen, son of William Claas
Groesbeck) was born.
1763 Feb 3. My father died.
1752 Dec 23. I, David Groesbeck jun, married Catrina Vedder.
1753 Jun 17. My son William was born.
1754 Nov 30. My son Cornells was born.
1754 Dec 15. My wife died.
1765 Sep 28. I married Sara Winne, who was born July 21 1754 (m.
at 11?).
1795 Mar 30. David Groesbeck junior died.
1818 Apr 20. Sarah Winne, his widow, died.
250 Biographical Sketch of Gen. Schuyler.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF GENERAL PHILIP SCHUYLER.

By the Hon. JAMES KENT.
THE Dutch family of Schuyler stands conspicuous in our colonial annals.
Colonel Peter Schuyler was mayor of Albany, and commander of the
northern militia in 1690. He was distinguished for his probity and
activity in all the various duties of civil and military life. No man
understood better the relation of the Celony with the Five Nations of
Indians, or had more decided influence with that confederacy. He had
frequently chastised the Canadian French for their destructive incursions
upon the frontier settlements and his zeal and energy were rewarded
;

by a seat in the Provincial Council, and the House of Assembly gave

their testimony to the British Court of his faithful services and good
reputation. It wa-> this same vigilant officer who gave intelligence to
the inhabitants of Deerfield, on Connecticut river, cf the designs of the
French and Indians upon them, some short time before the destruction
of that village in 1704. In 1720, as president of the council, he became
acting governor of the colony for a short time, previous to the accession
of Governor Burnet. His son, Colonel Philip Schuyler, was an active
and efficient member of assembly for the city and county of Albany, in
1743. But the Philip Schuyler to whom I particularly allude, and who
in a subsequent age shed such signal lustre upon the family name, was
born at Albany in the year 1733; and at an early age he began to display
his active mind and military spirit He was a captain in the New-York
levies at Fort Edward in 1755, and accompanied the British army in the
expedition down Lake George in the summer of 1758. He was with
Lord Howe when he fell by the fire of the enemy, on landing at the
north end of the lake and he was appointed (as he himself informed
;

me) to convey the body of that young a nd lamented nobleman to Albany,

where he was buried with appropriate solemnities in the Episcopal
Church.
 Biographical Sketch of Gen. Schuyler. 2-^1

We next fin him under the title of Colonel Schuyler, in company with
I

his compatriot George Clinton, in the year 1768, on the floor of the
House of Assembly, taking an active share in all their vehem nt dis-
cussions. Neither of them was to be overawed or seduced from a bold
and determined defence of the constitutional rights of the colonies, and
of an adherence to the leiter and spirit of he councils of the union.
The struggle in the House of Assembly, between the ministerial and
the whig parties, was brought to a crisis in the months of February
and March, 1775; and in that memorable contest, Philip Schuyler and
George Clinton, together with Nathaniel Woodhull of Long Island,
acted distinguished parts. On the motions to eive the thanks of the
House to the delegates from the colony in the Continental Congress of
September, 1774, and to thank the merchants and inhabitants of the
colony for their adherence to the non-importation and the association
recommended by Congress, those patriots found themselves in the mi-
nority; but their courage and resolution gained strength from defeat.
On the third of March, Col. Schuyler moved declaratory resolutions
that the act 4 Geo. III. imposing duties for raising a revenue in America,
and for the extending the juiisdiction of admiralty courts, and for de-
priving his majesty's subjects in America of trial by jury, and for holding
up an injurious discrimination between the subjects of Great Britain
find those of the colonies, were great grievances. The government
party seem to have fled the question, and to have left in the House only
the scanty number of nine members, and the resolutions were carried
by a vole of seven to two; but their opponents immediately rallied, and
eleven distinct, divisions, on different motions, were afterwards taken in
the course of that single day. and entered on the journal, and they re-
lated to all the momentous points then in controversy between Great
Britain and the United Colonies. It was a sharp and hard-fought contest
fur fundamental principles; and a more solemn and eventful debate
rarely ever happened on the floor of a deliberative assembly. The
House consisted on that day of twenty-four members, and the ministerial
majority was exactly in the ratio of two to one ; and the intrepidity,
talents, and services of the three members I have named, and especially
of Schuyler and Clinton, were above all praise, and laid the foundation
for those lavish marks of honor and confidence which their countrymen
were afterwards so eager to bestow.
The resistance of the majority of the House was fairly broken down,
and essentially controlled by the efforts of the minority and the energy
of public opinion. A series of resolutions, declaratory of American
grievances, were passed, and petitions to the King- and Parliament
adopted, not indeed in all respects such as the leaders of the minority
wished (for all their amendment-" were voted down), but they were
nevertheless grounded upon the principles of the American Revolution.
They declared that the claims of taxation and absolute sovereignty on
the part of the British Parliament, and the extension of admiralty juris-
diction, were grievances and unconstitutional measures; and that the
act of Parliament, shnlting up the port of Boston, and altering the
charter of that colony, also was a grievance.
These were the last proceedings of the General Assembly of the
Colony of New-York, which now closed its existence forever. More
perilous scenes, and new and brighter paths of glory, were opening upon
the vision of those illustrious patriots.
252 Biographical Sketch of Gen. Sckuyhr.
The delegates from this colony to the first Continental Congress in
1774, were not chosen by the General Assembly, but by the suffrages of
the people, manifested in some sufficiently authentic shape in the several
counties.
The delegates to the second constitutional Congress, which met in
May, 1775, were chosen by a provincial congress, which the people of
the colony had already created, and which was held in this city in April
of that year, and had virtually assumed the powers of government.
The names of the delegates from this colony to this second congress,
were John Jay. John Alsop, James Duane, Philip Schuyler, George
Clinton, Lewis Morris and Robert R Livingston; and the weight of
their talents and character may be inferred from the fact, that Mr. Jay,
Mr. Livingston, Mr. Duane and Mr Schuyler were early placed upon
committees charged with the most arduous and responsible duties. We
find Washington and Schuyler associated together in the committee ap-
pointed on the fourteenth of June, 1775, to prepare rules and regulations
for the government of the army. This association of those great men,
commenced at such a critical moment, was the beginning of a mutual
confidence, respect and admiration, which coniinued with uninterrupted
and unabated vividness during the rema nderof their lives. An allusion
is made to this friendship in the memoir of a former president of the
New- York Historical Society, and the allusion is remarkable for its
"
strength and pathos. After mentioning General Schuyler, he adds, I
have placed thee, my friend, by the side of him who knew thee ; thy
intelligence to discern, thy zeal to promote thy country's good ; and,
knowing thee, prized thee. Let this be thy eulogy. I add, and with
truth peculiarly thine content it should be mine to hr.ve expressed it."
The Congress of this Colony, during the years 1775 and 1776, had to
meet difficulties and dangers almost sufficient to subdue the firmest
resolution. The population of the Colony was short of 200,000 souls.
It had a vast body of disatfected inhabitants within its own bosom. It
had numerous tribes of hostile savages on its extended frontier. The
bonds of society seemed to have been broken up, and society itself re-
solved into its primitive elements. There vras no civil government, but
such as had been introduced by the provincial congress and county
committees as temporary expedients. It had an enemy's province in the
rear, strengthened by large and well-appointed forces. It had an open
and exposed senport, without any adequate means to defend it. In the
summer of J776, the state was actually invaded, not only upon our Ca.
nadian. but upon our Atlantic frontier, by a formidable fleet and army,
calculated by the power that sent them to be sufficient to annihilate at
once all our infant republics.
In the midst of this appalling storm, the virtue of our people, animated
by a host of intrepid patriots, the mention of whose names is enough to
kindle enthusiasm in the breast of the present generation, remained
glowing, unmoved, and invincible. It would bo difficult to find any other
people who have been put to a severer test, or, on trial, gave higher
proofs of courage and capacity.
On the nineteenth of June, 1775, Philip Schuyler was appointed by
Congress the third major general in the armies of the United Colonies ;

and such was his singular promptitude, that, in eleven days from this
appointment, we find him in actual service, corresponding with Congress
 Biographical Sketch of Gen. Schuyler. 253
from a distance on business that required and received immediate at-
tention In July, 1775, he Was placed at the head of a board of com-
missioners for the northern department, and empowered to employ all
the troops in that department at his discretion, subject to the future
orders of the commander-in-chief. He was authorised, if he should find
it practicable and expedient, to take possession of St. Johns and Mont-
real;
and pursue any other measure in Canada, having a tendency, in
his judgment, to promote the peace and security of the United Colonies.
In September, 1775, Gen. Schuyler was acting under positive instruc-
tions to enter Canada ;
and he proceeded, with Generals Montgomery
and Wooster under his command, to the Isle au Noix. He had at that
time become extremely ill, and he was obliged to leave the command of
the expedition to devolve upon Gen. Montgomery. The latter, under
his orders, captured the garrisons of Chambly and St. Johns, and pressed
forward to Montreal and Quebec. Montreal was entered on the twelfth
of November, 1775, by the troops under the immediate orders of Mont-
gomery ; and in the same month, a committee from Congress was ap-
pointed to confer with General Schuyler, relative to raising troops in
Canada for the possession and security of that province. His activity,
skill, and zeal shone conspicuously throughout that arduous northern
campaign; and his unremitting correspondence received the most prompt
and marked consideration.
While the expedition under Montgomery was employed in Canada,
Gen. Schuyler was called to exercise his influence and power in another
quarter of his military district On ihe thirtieth of December, 1775, he
was ordered to disann the disaffected inhabitants of Tryon county, then
under the influence of Sir John Jolmson ; and on the eighteenth of Ja-
nuary following, he made a treaty with the disaffected portion of the
people in that western part of the state. The Continental Congress
were so highly satisfied with his conduct in that delicate and meritorious
service, as to declare, by a special resolution, that he had executed his
trust with fidelity, prudence and despatch 5
and they ordered a publica-
tion of the narrative of his march in depth t'f winter into the regions
bordering on the middle and upper Mohawk The duties imposed upon
that officer were so various, multiplied and incessant, as to require
rapid movements, sufficient to distract and confound an ordinary mind.
Thus, on the thirtieth of December, 1775, he \vas ordered to disarm the
lories in Tryon county. On the eighth of January, K76, he was or-
dered to have the River St. Lawrpnce, above and below Quebec, well
explored. On the twenty fifth of January, he was ordered to have the
fortress of Ticonderoga repaired and made defensible ;
and on the
seventeenth of February, he was directed to take tl e command of the
forces, and conduct the military operations at the city of New -York.
r

All these cumulative and conflicting orders from Congress were made
upon him in the course of ix weeks, and they were occasioned by the
embarrassments and distresses of the times.
In March, 1776, Congress changed their plan of operation, and directed
Gen. Schuyler to establish his head quarters at Albany, and superintend
the army destined for Canada. He was instructed to take such orders
as lie should deem expedient, respecting the very perplexing and all-
important subject of the supplies for the troops in Canada and those
;

orders as to the supplies were repeated in April, and again in May,

254 Biographical Sketch of Ge/t. Schuyler.
1776. The duty of procuring supplies, though less splendid in its effects,
is often more effectual to the safety and success of an army than prowess
in the Held. Gen. Schuyler, by his thorough business habits, his precise
attention to details, and by his skill and science in every duty connected
with the equipment of an army, was admirably fitted to be at the head
of the commissariat; and he gave life and vigor to every branch of the
service. His versatile talents, equally adapted to investigation and
action, rendered his merits as an officer of transcendent value.
On the fourteenth of June, 1776, ho was ordered by Congress to hold
a treaty with the Six Nations, and engage them in the interest of the
colonies, and to treat with them on the principles and in the decisive
manner which he had suggested. His preparations for taking immediate
possession of Fort Slanvvix, and erecting a fortification there, received
Ihe approbation of Congress and their records afford the most satis-
;

factory evidence that his comprehensive and accurate mind had antici-
pated and suggested the most essential measures, which he afterward
diligently executed throughout the whole northern department. But
within three days after the order for the treaty, Congress directed his
operations to a different quarter of his command. He was ordered, on
the seventeenth of June, to clear Wood creek, and construct a lock upon
the creek at Skeensborough (now Whitehall), and to lake the level of
the waters falling into the Hudson at Fort Edward and into Wood creek.
There can be no doubt that those orders were all founded upon his pre-
vious suggestions and they afford demonstrative proof of the views
j

entertained by him, at that early day, of the practicability and impor-

tance of canal navigation. He was likewise directed to cause armed
vessels to be built, so as to secure the mastery of the waters of the
northern lakes. He was to judge of the expediency of a temporary
fortification or intrenched camp on the heights opposite Ticonderoga.
Capt Graydon visited Gen. Schuyler early in the summer of 1776, at his
head-quarters on Lake George ; and he speaks of him, in the very in-
teresting memoirs of his own life, as an officer thoroughly devoted to
business, and being at the same time a gentleman of polished, courteous
manners On the first of August following, he was on the upper Mo-
hawk, providing for its defence and security and again in October we
;

find him on the upper Hudson, and calling upon the Eastern States for
their militia.
There can be no doubt that the northern frontier, in the campaign of
1776, was indebted for its extraordinary quiet and security to the cease-
less activity of Gen Schuyler. At the close of that year he was further
instructed lo build a floating battery on the lake, at the foot of Mount
Independence, and also to strengthen the works at Fort Stanwix.
In the midst of such conflicting and harassing services, he had excited
much popular jealousy and ill will, arising from the energy of his cha-
racter and the dignity of his deportment. He was likewise disgusted at
what he deemed injustice, in the irregularity of appointing other and
junior officers in separate and independent commands within what was
considered to be his military district. He accordingly, in October, 1776,.
tendered to Congress the resignation of his commission ;
but when
Congress came to investigate his services, they found them, says the
historian of Washington, far to exceed in value any estimate which had
been made of them. They declared that they could not dispense with
 Biographical Sketch of Gen. Schuyhr. 255
his services, during the then situation of affairs; and they directed the
president of Congress to request him to continue in his command, and
they declared their high sense of his services, and their unabated con-
fidence in his attachment to the cause of freedom.
A governor and legislature were -hosen in the summer of 1777 and ;

in that trying season, there was not a county in this State, as it then
existed, which escaped a visit from the arms of the enemy. To add to
the embarrassment of our councils in the extremity of their distress, the
inhabitants of the northeast part of the Slate (now Vermont), which
had been represented in the Convention, and just then ingrafted into the
Constitution, under the names of the counties of Cumberland and Glou-
cester, renounced their allesiance, and set up for an independent state.
On the thirtieth of June in that year, they were knocking at the door of
Congress for a recognition of their independence and an admission into
the Union.
The memorable campaign of 1777 was opened by an expedition of the
enemy from New-York to Danbury in Connecticut, and the destruction
of large quantities of provisions and military means collected and de-
posited in that town. In the northern quarter. Gen. Burgoyne advanced
from Canada through the lakes, with a well-appointed army of 10,000
men; and for a time he dissipated all opposition, and swept every ob-
stacle before him. Gen. Schuyler was >till in the command of the whole
northern department, and he made every exertion to check the progress
of the enemy. He visited in person the different forts, and used the
utmost activity in obtaining supplies to enable them to sustain a siege.
While at Albany (which was iiis headquarters as previously fixed by
Congress), busy in accelerating the equipment and march of troops,
Ticonderoga being assailed, was suddenly evacuated by Gen. St. Clair.
Gen. Schuyler met on the upper Hudson the news of the retreat; and
he displayed, says the candid an<l accurate historian of Washington, the
utmost diligence and judgment in that gloomy state of things. He ef-
fectually impeded the navigation of Wood creek. He rendered the roads
impassable. He removed every kind of provisions and stores beyond
the reach of the enemy. He summoned the militia of New-York and
New-England to his assistance and he answered the proclamation of
;

Burgoyne by a counter proclamation, equally addressed to the hopes and

fears of the country Congress, by their resolution of the seventeenth
of July, 1777. approved all the acts of Gen. Schuyler in reference to the
army at Ticonderoga but the evacuation of that fortress excited great
;

discontent in the United Stales, and Gen Schuyler did not escape hi> share
of the popular clamor, and he was made a victim to appease it. It was
deemed expedient to recal the general officers in the northei n army, and,
in the month of Augu-t, he was superseded in the command of that
department by the arrival of Gen Gatos. The laurels which he was in
preparation to win by his judicious and distinguished efforts, an which
I

he would very shortly have attained, were by that removal intercepted

from hi? brow.
Gen. Schuyler felt acutely the discredit of being recalled in the most
critical and interesting period of Ihe campaign of 1777. and when Ihe
labor anJ adivity of making preparations to repair th<- disaster of it
had been expended by him; and when an opportunity was opening, as
he observed, for that resistance and retaliation which might bring glory
23
256 Biographical Sketch of Ge?i. Schuyhr.
upon our arms. If error be attributable to the evacuation of Ticonde-
roga, says the historian of Washington, no portion of it was committed
by Gen. Schuyler. But his removal, though unjust and severe as re-
spected himself, was rendered expedient, according to Chief Justice
Marshall, as a sacrifice to the prejudices of New-Ensland.
He was present at the capture of Burgoyne, but without any personal
command and the urbanity of his manners, and the chivalric magnani-
.

mity of his character, smarting as he was under the extent and severity
of his pecuniary losses, was attested by Gen. Burgoyne himself in his
sj>eech in 1778 in the British House of Commons. He there declared,
" a
that, by his orders, very good dwelling- house, exceeding large store-
houses, great saw-mills, and other out-buildings, to the value altogether
perhaps of 10,OOOZ., belonging to Gen. Schuyler, at Saratoga, were de-
stroyed by fire, a lew da)s before the surrender." He said further, that
one of the first persons he saw after the convention was signed, was
General Schuyler and when expressing to him his regret at the event
;

which had happened to his property. Gen. Schuyler desired him " to
think no more of it, and that the occasion justified it according to the
"
principles and rules of war. He did more." said Burgoyne; he sent
an aid-de-carnp to conduct me to Albany, in order, as he expressed it, to
procure better quarters than a stranger might be able to find. That
gentleman conducted me to a very elegant house, and, to my great sur-
prise, presented me to Mrs. Schuyler and her family. In that house I
remained during my whole stay in Albany, with a table with more than
twenty covers for me and my friend?, and every other possible de-
monstration of hospitality."
I have several times had the same relation, in substance, from Gen.
Schnyler himself; and he said that he remained behind at Saratoga,
under the pretext of taking care of the remains of his property, but in
reality to avoid giving fresh occasions for calumny and jealousies, by
appearing in person with Burgoyne at his own house. It was not until
the autumn of 1778, that the conduct of Gen. Sehuyler in the campaign
of 1777 was submitted to the investigation of a court martial He was
acquitted of every charge with the highest honors, and the sentence was
confirmed by C ngress. He shortly afterward upon his earnest and
repeated solicitations, had leave to retire from the army, and he devoted
the remainder of his lile to the service of his country in its political
councils.
If the military life of Gen. Schuyler was inferior in brilliancy to that
of some others of his countrymen, none of them ever surpassed him in
fidelity, activity, and devotedness to the service. The characteristic of
his measures was utility. They bore the stamp and unerring precision
of practical science There was nothing complicated in his character :
it was chaste and severe simplicity; and, take him for all in all, he was
one of the wisest and most efficient men, both in military and civil life,
that the state or the nation has produced
He had been elected to Congress in 1777, and he was re elected in
each of the three following years. On his return to Congress, after the
crimination of his military life, his talents, experience and enersy were
put in immediate n quisition and in November, 1779, he was appointed
;

to confer with Gen. Washington on the state of the southern department.

In 1781, he was in the senate of this State and wherever he vas placed,
;
 Biographical Sketch of Gen. Schuyler. 257
and whatever might be the business before him, he gave the utmost ac-
tivity to measures, and left upon them the impression of his prudence
and sagacity. In 1789, he was elected to a seat in the first senate of the
United States ;
and when his term of service expired in Congress, he
was replaced in the senate of this State. In 1792, he was very active
in digesting and bringing to maturity that early and great measure of
state policy, the establishment of companies for inland lock navigation.
The whole suggestion was the product of his fertile and calculating
mind, ever busy in schemes for the public welfare. He was placed at
the head of the direction of both of the navigation companies, and his
mind was ardently directed for years towards the execution of those
liberal plans of internal improvement. In 1796, he urged in his place
in the Senate, and afterward published in a p.imphlet form, his plan for
the improvement of the revenue of this State and in 1797, his plan was
;

almost literally adrpted, and to that we owe the institution of the office
of comptroller. In 1797, he was unanimously elected by the two houses
of our Legislature, a senator in Congress and he took leave of the
;

Senate of this State in a liberal and affecting address, which was inserted
at large upon their journals.
But the life of this great man was drawing to a close. I formed and
cultivated a personal acquaintance with Gen Schuyler while a member
of the legislature in 1792, and again in 1796 and from 1799 to his death
;

in the autumn of 1804, I was in habits of constant and friendly intimacy

with him, and was honored with the kindestand most grateful attentions.
His spirits were cheerful, his conversation most eminently instructive,
manners gentle and courteous, and his whole deportment tempered with
grace and dignity. His faculties seemed to retain their unimpaired
vigor and untiring activity, though he had evidently lost some of his
constitutional ardor of temperament and vehemence of feeling. He was
sobered by age, chastened by affliction, broken by disease and yet ;

nothing could surpass the interest excited by the mild radiance of the
evening of his days.

GENERAL HAMILTON AT QUARANTINE.

, On Monday evening, the 23d September. 1793, the Hon Alexander
Hamilton, secretary of the treasury of the United States, and his lady,
arrived at Greenbush opposite to this city, from the seat of government.
As they were supposed to have been afflicted with the yello-w fever then
prevalent in Philadelphia, the city physicians, by request, immediately
visited them, and on their return published the following certificate :

ALBANY, September 23, 1793.

T! is is to certify that we have visited Col. Hamilton ai.d his lady, at
Greenbush, this evening, and that they are apparently in perfect health :
and from every circumstance we do not conceive there can be the least
danger of their conveying the infection of the pestilential fever, at pre-
sent prevalent in Philadelphia, to any of their fellow-citizens. (Signed)
Samuel Stringer, W. Mancius, H. Woodruff, W. McClallen, Cornelius
Roosa
In consequence of which on Tuesday morning an order was granted
by the mayor, lhal Col. Hamilton and lady be allowed to cross the ferry.
258 Ancient Commerce of Albany.

ANCIENT COMMERCE OF ALBANY.

has been the custom with fancy scribblers, since the triumph of
It
gteam, to amuse the public with much facetice at the expense of the
honest zeevaarderen who were wont to navigate the Hudson in the last
century, till the youngsters of this day have become pretty thoroughly
imbued with the idea that the ancient commerce of the river is only
worth remembering for the amusement it affords in that way. The real
character of the old skippers ought to be rescued from such imputations
and their sturdy, honest enterprise placed in its true light. We give
b?]ow the manifest of the >loop Olive Branch, Captain Abraham Blood-
good, as i sample of what was occasionally done in the way of distant
voyages before the Revolution. Capt. Bloodgood is still remembered
by some of the older citizens,* as are also mosl of ihe consignors, the
memory of whom will be singularly enough awakened by this article.
The original account of sales of this voyage, from which we copy,
is in the possession of Mr. Robert H. Waterman of this city. It affords
a very interesting diary of the success of the adventure to Antigua and
St. Christopher's with a very curiously assorted cargo of Albany mer-
chandise, consisting of flour, herrings, horses, one negro man, and a
great variety of the produce o' this latitude; in exchange for which he
brought back eighty-one pounds of cotton, a much rarer article then
than now, some ca>h, and much rum.

Account Sales of the Cargo of the Sloop Olive Branch, in a voyage to

the West Indies from New York, commencing Nov. 3d, 1770.
Sold at ANTIGUA, viz:
One ton of Flour, the properly of Henry Van Ranslar,
weighing Nt. 30C. Iqr. 4ib sold for 21s. pr. C. sold to
Messrs. Palerson & Hartshorn, 31 16 02
One ton ditto, the property of John Stevenson weishins, Nt.
30C. Oqr. lOilb sold for 21s. 3d. pr C. Mr. John Lindsay, 32 05 11
Sold one ton ditto, the property of Richard Van Zant, weigh-
ing 27C. Oqr. 191b, for 21s. pr. C. Paterson and Harts-
horn, 29 02 09
One ton ditto the property of Jane Van Howser, weighing
32C. Oqr. 151b sold for 21s pr. C. Patterson and Harts-
horn, 34 04 07
One ton ditto the properly of Doctr. Samuel Stringer, weigh-
ing 31C. Iqr. 141b. sold for 21s. 3d. pr. C Mr. John
Lindsay, 331602
One ton ditto, the property of Nicholas Cuyler, weighing 27
C. 2qr. Olb. sold for on an average, a 21s. 6d pr C. dif-
ferent people, 29 11 03
* He was the grandfather of Simeon De Witt Bloodgood, late of this city, and resided
in the vicinity of the Fort Orange Hotel. He superintended the building of that house
for Simeon De Witt, the surveyor-general, while the latter was absent from the city.
The original Fort Orange Hotel, it is well known, occupied the site of the old fort of
that name, which stood opposite the Steam Boat Landing. The original Fort Orange
Hotel fell a victim to the great fire of August, 1848, and a new one has arisen from the
ruins.
 Ancient Commerce of Albany. 259
One ton ditlo, the property of Peter Silvester, Esqr., 2 barr's,
wg 355 Nt. a 24s 4 05 02
1 barr. ditio, sold w<r 190lb. Nt a 21s 2 01 02
13 barr. ditto, wg. 248 Nt. a 21s 26 01 05

223 04 07
Sales of Fish, viz :

14 barrs. Herrin?, the property of Col. Philip Schuyler

sold a 12s sold to Bustie Entwitch, Esqr 8 OS 00
1 barr. do sold Mr Carr, 1 00 00
10 barrs. do , the property of Henry and Robert Lansingh, a
12s. Entwich, Esq 6 00 00
20 barrs. do., the property of ditto, sold Mr. John Rose, a
20s 20 00 00
3 1 barrs ditto, the property of do., sold a 20. Mr. Carr.... 3 10 00

33 18 00
Sales of Staves, viz :

7050 Nt. Thd. Staves the property of self and comp'y, a &
pr. M. 62 16 00
32 Ducks, sold a 33s. pr. doz'n 4 08 00
2 Turkeys, a 7s 14 00
3 1-2 Bushels of Pense, a 9s 1 11 06
18 Pine Plank, a 2s. 6J 20500
15 Ditto Boards, a Is. 6d..... 1 02 06
An Horse Arning 1 10 00
1 1 empty water casks, a 8s. 3d 4 10 09
10 Casgs Pease sold for Mrs. Lynot 3 00 00
10 ditto do., fordo 2 10 00
2 ditto do., for do, 00506
2 ditto do., for do 10 00
3 barrs. of Apples sold for Isaac Van Volkenberg. a 24s.... 3 12 00
2 ditto, do. for do. a 20s 2 00 00
2 ditto, do. for do. a 7s. 6d 15 00
20 Geese sold for ditto, a 5s 5 00 00
1 ditto sold for do. a 4. 6d 04 06
2 barrs. Apples, sold for William Salsberry 2 08 00
2 ditto, do. for do. a 12s., 1 04 00
2 ditto, do. for do. a 12s 1 04 00
1 ditto do. for do 10000
30 bunches of Onions, sold for Mr. Alex. Mac Lean, a 9d.. . 1 02 06
2 hhds. ditto, sold for ditto 4 09 00
11 Bunches ditto, sold for ditto, a 7d 06 05
1 Hhd. do. fordo. 122 Bunches, a 6d 3 01 00
1 Hhd. do. for do. 113 do. a 7d 3 06 00
150 strinsrs sold at vandue, for do. loose onions 13 00
6 empty Hhds. for do. a 8s 20800
1 small horse for self and Doctr. Stringer, 130400
Sales at ST. CHRISTOPHER'S, viz :

1 Snrrel horse, the property of William Hunn marked P. V.

Z 7 00 00
1 small Mare the property of William Pemberton 14 00 00
260 Ancient Commerce of Albany.
1 Bay horse, the property of Francis Vina, marked H. I.... 7 00 00
Black horse, the property o! John Ro^s, marked I. L. S.. 8 00 00
Bay horse, the proper'.y of Doctor Sam Stringer, 13 00 00
Sorrel horse the property of Robert Henery 17 00 00
Dark Bay horse, the property of Henry Glen, marked B. V.
B .' 13 1000
Black horse, the property of Mr. Wemp, marked P. M.,.. 14 15 00
Black horse, the property of Abraham Bloodgood, 14 00 00
2 horses, the property of Abraham Tenbrook, marked I D.
& A. T. B 39 H
00
I Negroe Man, the property of Mr. Staats, , , . . 5 00 00
J

Total, .....591 01 09

Returns from the WEST INDIAS, viz ;

19 Hogsheads Rum for James Bloodgood &. Comp'y O. B.,

containing 2053 sal a 2s 6d 256 22 06
Hhd 's to contain the above Rum 21 07 06
12 Barr's Limes for do , 6 08 00
Cash received at Antigua for freight,,, 15 10 00
9 Hhd's Rum for Sundry Shippers, pr. their several accounts, 145 17 00
81 Ib. Cotton, a 6d , , , , 2 01 00

447 16 00
These ventures to the West Indies seem to have been more common,
after the war of the revolution, to Lansinsburgh and Hudson, than to
Albany, from the fact that the editor of the Albany Gazette, in 1790,
marvelled that the citizens of Albany should remain inac-tive spectators
while their neighbors on the north and the south were *' participating in
all the blessings of this valuable trade." As an instance in the com-
merce of Lansingburgh, it was announced that the sloop Arabia, Capt.
Johnson, which sailed for the West Indies in June, had sailed again in
October on her second voyage thither, with a valuable cargo.
On the 12th of April 1791, it was mentioned as a congratulatory event
that 40 sail of vessels had arrived at this port in one day, or passed it
for Troy and Lansingburgh that 18 vessels, of which 16 were of from
;

40 to 80 tons lay at the port of Lansingbursh, and that the sloop Nancy
had performed atrip from thence to New York and back in seven days.
In November of the same year it was again announced as an extraordi-
nary occurrence, that 42 vessels of from 40 to 100 tons, principally above
70, were at anchor in the port of Albany.
Among other feats of sloop navigation in those days, we are told that
Capt. William Van Ingen, of the sloop Cincinnati, sailed from Albany
on the 5th December, 1794, and arrived at New York on the 9th dis- ;

posed of his cargo, took in a valuable freight, and returned to this port
on the 16th. The navigation had then been uninterrupted for nine
months, and was still unimpeded by ice.
The examples of speedy voyages which were boasted of in the last
century, read a little oddly now, but yet the sloops, under a good
wind, were an overmatch for the steamboats for a long time after the
latter made their appearance on the river. In the year 1794, one Col.
Win. Colbreath, sheriff of Herkimer, left this city on, Sunday morning,
 Voyage of an Albany Sloop to China. 261
on a sloop for New York, and returned on Thursday afternoon, the llth,
having performed the journey in a little more than four days, including
a day and a half he was in New York' The feat was perhaps as much
a matter of wonder and admiration, as when the steam boat had been
so much improved as to make the passage from New York to Albany
in 24 hours.
But the most remarkable of all the expeditions from this port, was
the
Voyage of an Albany Sloop to China.
In the of 1785, the sloop Experiment, 80 tons burden, Capt. Stewart
fall
Dean, was titled out at this port for China. It was very properly con
sidered a hazardous voyage for so small a craft. She was laden with
an assorted cargo, for a regular trading expedition, and was the second
adventure from the United States to Canton. She left New- York on the
18th December, and was absent eighteen months. Her return trip was
made in four months and twelve days, with a cargo consisting principal-
Jy of teas and nankins. Several pieces of costly damask silk were also
brought to order, or for family gifts. One of the heir-looms in the
family of a descendant of the mate of the Experiment, residing in
Schenectady, is a dress, made of the silk referred to, in the fashion of
that day. Capt. Dean also brought home thirteen sets of China ware,
to order, for such families as could afford and thought proper to indulge
in such luxuries. These articles were so much valued that they have
passed from mothers to daughters, down to the present time ; and,
though much broken and scattered, are objects of curiosity, not only
from the associations connected with thissingular voyage, but as showing
the form and style of China ware sixty years ago, A set which be.
longed to Capt. Johnson, a revolutionary veteran, whose house stood
with its gable to the street, on the corner of South Pearl and Howard
streets, where the Centre Market now stands, was divided among his
descendants. One set, however, has been preserved nearly complete,
and is in the possession of Mrs. Abraham Ten Eyck, in Broa'way.
These sets being mostly brought to order, had the initials of the owners'
names gilded upon each piece.
It was matter of surprise to the natives and Europeans in those seas,
to see so small a vessel arrive from a clime so remote from China, and
gave them an exalted conception of the enterprise of the citizens of the
United Slates. At some of the ports where the Experiment touched, it
is said that she was an object of alarm to ihe inhabitants, who mistook
her for a tender to a fleet of men-of-war. She returned to New-York
on Sunday, April 22, 1787, without the loss of a man during the voyage.
On her arrival she was visited by at least two-thirds of the citizens, it
is said ; very few of whom had expected her return.
Capt. Dean made several voyages to China subsequently, when the
famous merchant Howqua formed so favorable an opinion of him that
he was accustomed to send over a chest of black tea occasionally for the
captain, long after the latter had discontinued his voyages. Capt. Dean
died in New-work, a few years since, aged 85, at the house of Mr. Ro
derick Sedgwick.
262 Kalm's Visit to Albany in 1749.

VISIT OF PETER KALM TO ALBANY, 1749.

The project ol a scientific expedition to our shores, was suggested to
the University of Upsala by Linnaeus; who desired that the North
American provinces should be explored for the purpose of making such
observations and collections of seeds and plants, as would improve the
husbandry, horticulture, manufactures, arts and sciences of his country.
Accordingly Prof. Kalm. a naturalist of one of tht Swedish universities,
was selected, who left Upsala on the sixteenth of October, 1747; spent
six months in England, and arrived at Philadelphia September 26, 1748.
He traversed much of the country from Pennsylvania to Canada, and
returned to Sweden in 1751, arriving at the place of his destination on
the thirteenth of June. He prosecuted his researches with the industry
and perseverance of a true friend of science, spending not only tue sa-
lary and outfit provided by his friends, but so much of his little fortune,
that on his return he found himself under the necessity of retrenching:,
so as to live on a very small pittance. He afterwards resumed his place
of professor at Aobo, where, in a small garden of his own, he cultivated
and experimented upon many hundred American plants, there being no
garden connected with the Uiiiversiiy. It was in honor of him that the
beautiful Kalmia received its name, which is still cultivated in European
gardens as an ornamental shrub.
Our traveler is more than once rather plain and unreserved in his
remarks upon the character and manners of the people of Albany, as
they were seen by, or represented to, him. The charge, so oft' n reite.
rated since his time, of habitual dishonesty in traffic with the Indians,
is very
bluntly made, although he admits of honorable exceptions to the
general rule. We give the old traveler's own version of what he saw
and heard, without attempting to smooth any of the asperities of his
remarks, which seem to have been made with honesty of purpose, and
are much more excusable in him, than in many of the scribblers who
have followed in his track. His account is valuable, as representing the
condition of the country a century ago.

JUNE the 10th. At noon we left New-York, and sailed up the River
Hudson, in a yacht bound for Albany All this afternoon we saw a
whole fleet of little boats returning from New-York, whither they had
brought provisions and other goods for sale, which, on account of the
extensive commerce of this town, and the great number of its inhabitants,
go off very well. About twelve miles from New-York we saw sturgeons
(Acipenser sturio), leaping up out of the water, and on the whole pas-
sage we met with porpesses in the river. As we proceeded we found
the eastern banks of the river very much cultivated and a number of
;

pretty farms, surrounded with orchards and corn fields, presented them-
selves to our view. After sailing a little while in the night, we cast our
anchor and lay by till the morning, especially as the tide was ebbing
with great force.
JUNE the llth. This morning we continued our voyage up the river,
with the tide and a faint breeze. We passed the Highland mountains,
which consist of a grey sanlstone, and are covered with deciduous trees
together with firs and red cedars. The country was unfit for cultiva.
 Kali^s Visit to Albany in 1749. 263
tion, being so full of rocks, and accordingly we saw no farms. The
wind vanished away about ten o'clock in themorning, and forced us to
get forward with our oars, the tide being almost spent. In one place on
the western shore we saw a wooden house painted red, and we were
told that there was a saw mill further up; but besides this, we did not
perceive one farm or any cultivated grounds all this forenoon. We now
perceived excessive high and steep mountains on both sides of the river,
which echoed back each sound we uttered yet notwithstanding they
;

were so high and steep, they were covered with small trees. The last
of the high western mountains is called Butterhill, after which the
country between the mountains grows more spacious the farms became
:

very numerous, and we had a prospect of many corn-field? between the

hills. Whilst we waited for the return of tide and the change of wind,
we went on shore. The sassafras' tree (Laurus sassafras) and the
chesnut-tree grow here in great abundance. I found the tulip-lree
(Liriodendron tulipifera) in some parts of the wood, as likewise the
Kalmia latifolia, which was now in full blossom, though the flowers were
already withering. Some time after noon the Avind arose from south-
west, which being a fair wind, we weighed anchor and continued our
voyage. We passed by a little neck of land, which projected on the
western side in the river, and was called Dance. The name of this
place is said to derive its origin from a festival which the Dutch cele-
brated here in former limes, at which they danced and diverted them-
selves ;
but once there came a number of Indians, who killed them all.
We cast anchor late at night, because the wind ceased and the tide was
ebbing. The fireflies passed the river in numbers at night, and some-
times settled upon the rigging.
JUNK the 1 Uh. This morning we proceeded with the tide, but against
the wind. The country here in general is low on both sides of the river,
consisting of low rocks and stony fields, which, however, are covered
with woods. The land is so rocky, stony and poor, that nobody can
settle on it or inhabit it, there being no spot fit for a corn field, and for
the space of some miles we never perceived one settlement. At eleven
o'clock this morning we came to a small island which lies in the middle
of the river, and is said to be halfway between New- York and Albany.
Towards noon it was quite calm, and we went on very slow. Here the
land is well cultivated, and full of great corn-fields, especially on the
eastern shore. To the west, also, we saw several cultivated places.
The Blue mountains are very plainly to be seen here, appearing through
the clouds, and towering above all other mountains. The people here
make use of a yellow Agaricus, or mushroom, which grows on maple
trees, for tinder: that which is found on the red flowering maple (Acer
rubrum) is reckoned the best; and the next in goodness is that of the
sugar rraple (Acer saccharinum), which is sometimes considered equal
to the former At two in the afternoon the wind began to blow from
the south, which enabled us to proceed The country on the eastern
side is high, and consists of a well cultivated soil. We had fine corn-
fields, pretty farms, and good orchards, in view- The western shore is
likewise somewhat high, but still covered with woods and we now and
;

then, though seldom, saw one or two little settlements.

JUNE the 13th. The wind favored our voyage during the whole nisht,
so that I had no opportunity of observing the nature of the country.
264 Kahn's Visit to Albany in 1749.
This morning, at five o'clock, we were but nine English miles from
Albany. The country on both sides the river is low, and covered with
woods, excepting a few little scattered settlements. Under the high
shores of the river are wet meadows covered with sword-erass (Carex),
and they formed several little islands. We saw no mountains, and
hastened towards Albany. The land on both sides of the river is chiefly
low, an J more carefully cultivated as we came nearer to Albany. As
to the houses which we saw, some were of wood, others of stone. The
river is seldom above a musket-shot broad, and in several parts of it are
sands, which require great experience for governing the jachls. At
eight o'clock in the morning, we arrived at Albany.
All the yachts which ply between Albany and New- York, belong to
Albany. They go up and down the River Hudson, as long as it is open
and free from ice. 1 hey bring from Albany boards or planks, and all
sorts of timber, flour, pease, and furs, which they get from the Indians,
or which are smuggled from the French. They come home almost
empty, and only bring a few merchandises with them, among which
rum is the chief. This last is absolutely necessary to the inhabitants of
Albany they cheat the Indians in the fur trade with it; for when the
:

Indians are drunk, they will leave it to the Albanians to fix the price of
the furs. The yachts are pretty large, and have a good cabin, in which
the passengers can be very commodiously lodged. They are commonly
built of red cedar, or of white oak. Frequently the bottom consists of
white oak, and the sides of red cedar, because the latter withstands
putrefaction much longer than the former. The red cedar is likewise
apt to split, when it hits against any thing and the River Hudson is in
;

many parts full of sands and rocks, against which the keel of the yacht
sometimes hits: therefore they choose white oak for the bottom, as being
the harder wood, and not splitting so easily and the bottom beinij con-
;

tinually under water, is not so much exposed to putrefaction, and holds

out longer.
The canoes which the yachts have along with them, are made of a
single piece of wood, hollowed out: they are sharp on both ends, fre-
quently three or four fathoms long, and as broad ab the thickness of the
wood will allow. The people in it do not row sitting, but commonly a
fellow stands at each end, with a short oar in his hand, with which he
governs and brings the canoe forwards Those which are made here at
Albany, are commonly of the white pine: they can do service for eight
or twelve years, especially if they be tarred and painted. At Albany
they make them of the white pine, since there is no other wood fit for
them at New- York they are made of the tulip-tree, and in other parts
:

they are made of red or white cedars ;

but both these In es are so small,
in the neighborhood of Albany, that they are unfit for canoes There
are no seats in the canoes; for if they had any, they would be more liable
to be overset, as one could not keep the equilibrium so well.
Battoes are another kind of boats, which are much in use at Albany.
They are made of boards of white pine. The bottom is flat, that they
may row the belter in shallow water they are sharp at both ends, and
:

somewhat higher towards the end than in the middle. They have seats
in them, and are rowed as common boats. They are long, yet not all
alike commonly three, and sometimes four fathoms long.
: The height
from the bottom to the top of the board (for the sides stand almost per-
 Kalm's Visit to Albany in 1749. 265
pendicular) from twenty inches to two feet, and the breadth in the
is
middle about a yard and six inches. They are chiefly made use of for
carrying goods, by means of the rivers, to the Indians j that is, when
those rivers are open enough for the bailees to pass through, and \\hen
they need not be carried by land a great way. The boats made of the
bark of trees break easily by knocking against a stone, and the canoes
cannot carry a great cargo, and are easily overset the bailees are
;

therefore preferable to them bolh. I saw no boals here like those of

Sweden and other parts of Europe.
The frost does frequently a great deal of damage at Albany. There
is hardly a month in summer, during which a frost does not happen.
The spring comes very late; and in April and May are numerous cold
nights, which frequently kill the flowers of trees and kitchen-herbs. It
was feared that the blossoms of the apple-trees had been so severely
damased by the frost lasl May, lhat next autumn there would be but
very few apples. The oak- blossoms are very often killed by the frost
in the woods. The autumn here is of long continuance, with warm
days and nights. However, the cold nights commonly commence lowards
the end ef September, and are frequent in October. The people are
forced to keep their cattle in stables from the middle of November till
March or April, and must find them hay during that time.
During summer the wind blows commonly from the south, and brings
a great drought along with it. Sometimes it rains a little and as ?oon
;

as it has rained, the wind veers to northwest, blowing for several days
from that point, and then returning to the south. I have had frequent
opportunities of seeing this change of wind happen very exactly, both
this year and the following.
JUNE the 15th. The enclosures were made of boards of fir- wood, of
which there is abundance in the extensive woods, and many saw-mills
to cut into boards.
The several sorts of apple trees grow very well here, and bear as fine
fruit as in any other part of North America. Each farm has a large
orchard. They have some apples here which are very large and very
palatable they are sent to New-York, and other places, as a rarity.
:

They make excellent cider, in autumn, in the country round Albany.

All the kinds of cherry-trees, which have been planted here, succeed
very well.
Pear-trees do not succeed here. This was complained of in many
other parts of North America. But I fear that they do not lake suffi-
cient care in the management and planting of Ihem for I have seen
;

fine pear? in several parls of North America.

Peach-trees have often been planted here, and never would succeed
well. This was attributed to a worm which lives in the ground, and
eats through the root, so that the tree dies. Perhaps the severity of the
winter contributes much to it.
They plant no other fruit-trees at Albany, besides these I have men-
tioned.
They sow as much hemp and flax here, as they want for home con-
sumption.
They sow maize in great abundance: a loose soil is reckoned the best
for this purpose, for it will not grow in clay. From half a bushel they
reap a hundred bushels. They reckon maize a very good kind of corn
;
266 Kalm*s Visit to Albany zV1749.
because the shoot recovers after being hurt by the frost. They have
had examples here of the shoots dying- twice in spring, to the very
ground and yet they shot up again afterwards, and afforded an excel-
;

lent crop. Maize has likewise the advantage of standing much longer
against a drought, than wheat. The larger sort of maize which is
commonly sown here, ripens in September.
They sow wheat in the neighborhood of Albany, with great advantage.
From one bushel they get twelve sometimes if the soil be good, they
:

get twenty bushels. If their crop amounts only to ten bushels from one.
they think it very trifling. The inhabitants of the country round Al-
bany are Dutch and German?. The Germans live in several great
villages, and sow great quantities of wheat, which is brought to Albany :

and from thence they send many yachts laden with flour to New-York.
The wheat-flour from Albany is reckoned the best in all North America,
except that from Sopus or Kingston, a place between Albany and New-
York. AH the bread in Albany is made of wheat. At New- York they
pay the Albany flour with several shillings more per hundred weight,
than that from other places.
Rye is likewise sown here, but not so generally as wheat.
They do not sow much barley here, because they do not reckon the
profits very great. Wheat is so plentiful that they make malt of it. In
the neighborhood of New- York, I saw great fields sown with barley.
They do not sow more oats than are necessary for their horses.
The Dutch and Germans who live hereabouts, sow pease in great
abundance they succeed very well, and are annually carried to New-
:

York in great quantities. They have been free from insects for a con-
siderable time ;
but of late years the same beetles which destroy the
pease in Pennsylvania, New-Jersey, and the lower parts of the province
of New- York, have likewise appeared abundant among the pease here.
It is a real loss to this town, and to the other parts of North America,
which used to get pease from hence for their own consumption, and that
of their sailors. It had been found that if they procured good pease
from Albany, and sowed them near Kingston or the lower part of the
province of New- York, they succeeded very well the first year, but were
so full of worms the second and following years that nobody could or
would eat them Some people put ashes into the pot. among the pease,
when they will not boil or soften well; but whether this is wholesome
and agreeable to the palate, I do not know.
Potatoes are generally planted. Some people preferred ashes to sand
for keeping th^m in during winter. The Bermuda potatoes (Convol-
vulus batatas) have likewise been planted here, and succeed pretty well.
The greatest difficulty is to keep them during winter for they generally
;

rot in that season.

The humming bird (Trochilus colubris) comes to this place some-
times, but is rather a scarce bird.
The shingles with which the houses are covered are made of the
white pine, which is reckoned as good and as durable, and sometimes
better, than the white cedar (Cupressus thyoiJes). The white pine is
found abundant here, in such places where commnn pines grow in
Europe. I have never seen them in <he lower parts of the province of
New- York, nor in New-Jersey and Pennsylvania. They saw a vast
quantity of deal from the white pine on this side of Albany, which are
brought down to New York, and from thence exported.
 Kalm's Visit to Albany in 1749. 267
The woods abound with vines, which likewise grow on the steep
banks of the river in surprising quantities. They climbed to the tops
of trees on the bank, and bent them by their weight ; but where they
found no trees, they hung down along the steep shores, and covered them
entirely. The grapes are eaten after the frost has attacked them; for
they are too sour before they are not much used any other way.
:

The vast woods and uninhabited grounds between Albany and Canada
contain immense swarms of gnats, which annoy the travelers. To be
in some measure secured against these insects, some besmear their face
with butter or grease for the gnats do not like to settle on greasy
;

places. The great heat makes boots very uneasy 5 but to prevent the
gnats from slinging the legs, they wrap some paper round them, under
the stockings. Some travelers wear caps which cover the whole face,
and have some gauze before the eyes. At night they lie in tents, if they
can carry any with them and make a great tire at the entrance, by the
;

smoke of which the gnats are driven away.

The porpesses seldom go higher up the river Hudson, than the salt
water goes; after that, the sturgeons fill their place. It has, however,
sometimes happened that porpesses have gone quite up to Albany.
There is a report that a whale once came up the river quite to this town.
The fireflies (Lampyris) which are the same that are so common in
Pennsylvania during summer, are seen here in abundance every night.
They fly up and down in the streets of this town. They come into the
houses, if the doors and windows are open.
Several of the Pennsylvanian trees are not to be met with in these
woods, viz. Magnolia glauca, the Beaver-tree ; Nyssa aquatica, the
Tupelo-tree ; Liquidambar styraciflua. the Sweet-gum tree ; Diospyros
virginiana, the Persimon; Liriodendron tulipifera, the Tulip-tree Ju- ;

glans nigra, the Black Walnut-tree Quercus ;

the Swamp Oak;
,

Cercis canadensis, the Salad-tree; Robinia pseudacacia, the Locust-

tree; Gleditsia tri.icanthos, the Honey-locust tree; Annona muricata,
the Papaw-tree; Celtis occidentalis, the Nettle tree and a number of
;

shrubs, which are never found here. The more northerly situation of
the place, the height of the Blue mountains, and the course of the
rivers, which flow here southward into the sea. and accordingly carry

P the seeds of plants from north to south, and not the contrary way, are
chiefly the causes that several plants which grow in Pennsylvania can
not be found here.
This afternoon I went to see an island which lies in the middle of the
river, about a mile below the town. This island is an English mile
long, and not above a quarter of a mile broad. It is almost
entirely
turned into corn fields ; and is inhabited by a single planter, who, be-
sides possessing this island, is the owner of two more. Here we saw
no woods, except a few trees which were left round the island on the
shore, and formed as it were a tall and great hedge. The Red Maple
(Acer rubrum) grows in abun lance in several places. Its leaves are
white or silvery on the under sides, and, when agitated by the wind
they make the tree appear as if it was full of white flowers. The
Water-beech (Platanus occidentalis) grows to a great height, and is one
of the most shady trees here. The Water-poplar is the most common
tree hereabouts, grows exceedingly well on the shores of the river, and
is as tall as the tallest of our asps. In summer, it affords the best shade
24
268 Kalm's Visit to Albany in 1749.
for men and cattle against the scorching heat. On the banks of rivers
and lakes it is one of the most useful trees, because it holds the soil by
its extensive branched roots, and prevents the water from
washing it
away. The Water beech and the Elm-tree (Ulmus) serve the same
purpose. The wild Prune-trees were plentiful here, and were full of
unripe fruit its wood is not made use of, but its fruit is eaten. Sumach
:

(Rhus glabra) is plentiful here as also the wild vines, which climb up
;

the trees and creep along the high shores of the river. I was told that
the grapes ripen very late, though they were already pretty large. The
American Elm tree (Ulmus americana) formed several high hedges.
The soil of this island is a rich mould mixed with sand, which is chiefly
employed in maize plantations. There were likewise large fields of
potatoes. The whole island was leased for one hundred pounds of New-
York currency. The person who had taken the lease, again let some
greater and some smaller lots of ground to the inhabitants of Albany,
for making kitchen-gardens of and by that means reimbursed himself.
5

Portulack ( Portulaca oleracea) grows spontaneously here in great

abundance, and looks very well.
JUNE the 20th. The tide in the river Hudson goes about eiaht or ten
English miles above Albany, and consequently runs one hundred and
fifty six English miles from the sea. In spring, when the snow melts,
there is hardly any flowing near this town j for the great quantity of
water which comes from the mountains during that season, occasions a
continual ebbing. This likewise happens after heavy rains.
The cold is generally reckoned very severe here. The ice in the river
Hudson is commonly three or four feet thick. On the 3d of April, some
of the inhabitants crossed the river with six pair of horses. The ice
commonly dissolves about the end of March, or beginning of April.
Great pieces of ice come down about that time, which sometimes carry
with them the houses that stand close to the shore. The water is very
high at that time in the river because the ice stops sometimes, and sticks
in places whore the river is narrow. The water has been often observed
to rise three fathom higher than it commonly is in summer. The ground
is frozen here in winter to the depth of three, four, or five feet. On the
16th of November the yachts are put up. and ?boul the beginning or
middle of April they are in motion again. They are unacquainted with
stoves and their chimneys are so wide that one could drive through
j

them with a cart and horses.

The water cf several wells in this town was very cool about this time,
but had a kind of acid taste, which was not very aereeabie. On a nearer
examination, I found an abundance of little insects in it, which were
probably Monoculi. Their length was difl'i rent gome were a geome-
:

trical line and an half; others two, and others four lines long They
were very narrow, and of a pale color. The heud was blacker and
thicker than the other parts of the body, and about the size of a pin's
head. The tail was divided into two branches, and each branch ter-
minaied in a little black globule. When these insects swim, tiny pro-
ce< d in ctooked or undulated lines, almost like ladpoies. I pour* d some

of this water into a bowl, and put near a frur h part of rum to it : the
monoculi, instead of bting allecttd with it, swam about as briskly as
they had done in the water. This shows, that if one makes punoli with
this water, it must be very strong to kill the monoculi. I think this
 Ralm^s Visit to Albany in 1749. 269
water is not very wholesome for people who are not used to
it, though
the inhabitants of Albany who drink it every day, say they do not feel
the least inconvenience from it I have been several times obliged to
drink water here, in which I have plainly seen monoculi swimming; but
I generally fell the next day somewhat like a pea in my throat, or as if
I had a swelling there, and this continued for above a week. I felt
such swellings this year, both at Albany and in other parts. My ser-
vant, Yungstroem, likewise eot a great pain in his breast, and a sensation
as from a swelling, after drinking water with monoculi in it; but whe-
ther these insects occasioned it, or whether it came from some other
cause, I can not ascertain. However, I have always endeavored, as
much as possible, to do without such water as had monoculi in it. I
have (bund monoculi in very cold water, taken from the deepest wells,
in different parts of this country. Perhaps many of our diseases arise
from waters of this kind, which we do not sufficiently examine. I have
frequently observed abundance of minute insects in water, which has
been remarkable for its clearness. Almost each house in Albany has
its well, the water of which is applied to common use; but for tea,

brewing and washing, they commonly take the water of the river
Hudson, which flows close by the town. This water is generally quite
muddy, and very warm in summer; and, on that account, it is kept in
cellars, in order that the slime may subside, and that the water may
cool a little.
We lodged with a gunsmith, who told us that the best charcoals for
the forge were made of the Black Pine. The next in goodness, in his
opinion, were charcoals made of the Beech-tree. The best and dearest
stocks for his muskets were made of the wood of the Wild Cherry-tree ;

and next to these, he valued those of the Red Ma pie most. They scarce
make use of any other wood for this purpose. The Black Walnut tree
affords excellent wood for stocks ;
but it does not grow in the neighbor-
hood of Albany.
JUNE the 21st. Next to the town of New-York, Albany is the principal
town, or at least the most wealthy, in the province of New- York. It is
situated on the declivity of a hill, close to the western shore of the river
Hudson, about one hundred and forty-six English miles from New-York.
The town extends alons the river, which flows here from N.N.E. to
S.S.W. The high mountains in the west, above the town, bound the
prospect on that side. There are two churches in Albaoy, an English
one and a Dutch one. The Dutch church stands at some distance from
the river, on the east side of the market. It is built of stone and in
;

the middle it has a small steeple, with a bell. It has but one minister,
who preaches twice every Sunday. The English church is situated on
the hill, at the west end of the market, directly under the fort. It is
likewise built of stone, but has no steeple. There was no service at this
church at this time, because they had no minister; and all the people
understood Dutch, the garrison excepted. The minister of this church
has a settled income of one hundrpd pounds sterling, which he gets from
England. The town-hall lies to the southward of the Dutch church,
close by the river side. It is a fine building of stone, three stories high.
It has a small tower or steeple with a bell, and a gilt ball and vane at
the top of it.
The houses in this town are very neat, and partly built with stones
270 Kalm's Visit to Albany in 1749.
covered with shingles of the White Pine. Some are slated with tiles
from Holland, because the clay of this neighborhood is not reckoned n't
for tiles. Most of the houses are built in the old way, with the gable-
end towards the street a few excepted, which were lately built in the
;

manner now used. A great number of houses were built like those of
New-Brunswick, which I have described*; the gable-end being built,
towards the street, of bricks, and all the other walls of planks. The
outside of the houses is never covered with lime or morlar, nor have I
seen it practised in any North-American towns which I have visited;
and the walls do not seem to be damaged by the air. The gutters on
the roofs reach almost to the middle of the street. This preserves the
walls from being damaged by the rain but is extremely disagreeable in
;

rainy weather for the people in the streets, there being hardly any means
of avoiding the water from the gutters. The street-doors are generally
in the middle of the houses; and on both sides are seats, on which,
during fair weather, the people spend almost the whole day, especially
on those which are in the shadow of the houses. In the evening these
seats are covered with people of both sexes; but this is rather trouble-
some, as those who pass by are obliged to greet every body, unless they
will shock the politeness of the inhabitants of this town. The streets
are broad, and some of them are paved in some parts they are lined
;

with trees the long streets are almost parallel to the river, and the
:

others intersect them at right angles. The street wlich goes between
the two churches, is five times broader than the others, and serves as a
marketplace. The streets upon the whole are very dirty, because the
people leave their cattle in them durme the summer nights. There are
two market-places in the town, to which the country people resort twice
a week.
The fort lies higher than any other building, on a high steep hill on
the west side of the town. It is a great building of stone, surrounded
with high and thick walls. Its situation is very bad, as it can only serve
to keep off plundering parties, without being able to sustain a siege.
There are numerous high hills to the west of the fort, which command
it, and from whence one may see all that is done within it. There is
commonly an officer and a number of soldiers quartered in it. They say
the fort contains a spring of water.
The situation of Albany is very advantageous in regard to trade.
The river Hudson, which flows close by it, is from twelve to twenty
feet deep. There is not yet any quay made for the better lading of the
yachts, because the people feared it would suffer greatly, or be entirely
carried away in spring by the ice, which then comes down the river.
The vessels which are in use here, may come pretty near the shore in
order to be laden, and heavy goods are brought to them upon canoes tied
together. Albany carries on a considerable commerce with New- York,
chiefly in furs, boards, wheat, flour, pease, several kinds of timber, &c.
There is not a place in all the British colonies, the Hudson's Bay settle-
ments excepted, where such quantities of furs and skins are bought of
the Indians, as at Albany. Most of the merchants in this town send a
* One of the streetsis almost entirely inhabited by Dutchmen from Albany, and for

Albany street. These Dutch people only keep company among

that reason they call it
themselves, and seldom or never go amongst the other inhabitants, living as it were
quite separate from them Vol. \. p. 228.
 Kalm's Visit to Albany in 1749. 271
clerk or agent to Oswego, an English trading town upon the lake Ontario,
to which the Indians rtsort with their furs. I intend to give a more
minute account of this place in my journal for the year 1750. The
merchants from Albany spend the whole summer at Oswego, and trade
with many tribes of In Hans who come to them with their goods. Many
people have assured me that the Indians are frequently cheated in dis-
posing of their goods, especial. y when they are in Jiquor and that
;

sometimes they do not get one half, or even one tenth of the value of
their goods. I have been a witness to several transactions of this kind.
The merchants of Albany glory in these tricks, and are highly pleased
when they have given a poor Indian a greater portion of brandy than he
can bear, and when they can after that get all his goods for mere trifles.
The Indians often find, when they are sober again, that they have been
cheated they grumble somewhat, but are goon satisfied when lln y re-
:

flect that they have for once drank as much as they are able, of a liquor
winch they value beyond any thing else in the whole world; and they
are quite insensible to their los?, if they again get a draught of this
nectar. Besides this trade at Oswego, a number of Indians come to
Albany from several parts, especially from Canada; but from this latter
place, they hardly bring any thing but beaver skins. There is a great
penalty in Canada for carrying furs to the English, that trade belonging
to the French West India Company ; notwithstanding which the French
merchants in Canada carry on a considerable smuggling trade. They
send their furs, by means of the Indians, to their correspondents at Al-
bany, who purchase it at the price which they have fixed upon with the
French merchants. The Indians take in return several kinds of cloth,
and other goods, which may be got here at a lower rate than those which
are sent to Canada from France.
The greater part of the merchants at Albany have extensive estates
in the country, and a great deal of wood. If their estates have a little
brook, they do not fail to erect a saw-mill upon it for sawing boards and
planks, with which commodity many yachts go during the whole summer
to New-York, having scarce any other lading than boards.
Many people at Albany make the wampum of the Indians, which is
their ornament and their money, by grinding some kinds of shells and
musses this is a considerable profit to the inhabitants. I shall speak
:

of this kind of mon y in the sequel. The extensive trade which the
inhabitants of Albany carry on, and their sparing manner of life, in the
Dutch way, contribute to the considerable wealth which many of them
acquire.
The inhabitants of Albany and
its environs are almost all Dutchmen.

They speak Dutch, have Dutch preachers, and divine service is per-
formed language their manners are likewise Dutch their dress
in that :
;

is, however, like that of the English. It is well known that the first
Europeans who settled in the province of New-York were Dutchmen.
During the time that they were the masters of this province, they pos-
sessed themselves of New-Sweden*, of which they were jealous. How-
ever, the pleasure of possessing this conquered land and their own was
but of short duration for towards the end of 1664, Sir Robert Carre, by
;

order of King Charles the second, went to New-York, then New Am-
sterdam, and took it. Soon after Col. Nichols went to Albany, which
*
New-Jersey and a part of Pennsylvania were formerly comprised under this name.
272 Kalm's Visit to Albany in 1749.
then bore the name of Fort Orange, and upon taking it. named it
Albany,
from the Duke of York's Scotch title. The Dutch inhabitants were
allowed either to continue where they were, and, under the protection
of the English, to enjoy all their former privileges ; or to leave the
country. The greater part of them chose to stay, and from them the
Dutchmen are descended, who now live in the province of New-York,
and who possess the greatest and best estates in that province.
The avarice and selfishness of the inhabitants of Albany are very well
known throughout all North America, by the English, by the French,
and even by the Dutch in the lower part of New- York province. If a
Jew, who understands the art of getting forward perfectly well, should
settle amongst them, they would not fail to ruin him. For this reason
nobody comes to this place without the most pressing necessity ; and
therefore I was asked, in several places, what induced me to go to it
two years one after another. I likewise found that the judgment, which
people formed of them, was not without foundation. For though they
seldom see any strangers (except those who go from the British colonies
to Canada and back again), and one might therefore expect to find vie-
tuals and accommodation for travelers cheaper than in places where
travelers always resort to ; yet I experienced the contrary. I was here
obliged to pay for every thing twice, thrice, and four times as dear as in
any part of North America which I have passed through. If I wanted
their assistance, I was obliged to pay them very well for it; and when
I wanted to purchase any thing, or to be helped in some case or other,
I could presently see what kind of blood ran in their veins; for they
either fixed exorbitant prices for their services, or were very backward
to assist me. Such was this people in general. However, there were
some amongst them who equaled any in North America, or any where
else, in politeness, equity, goodness, and readiness to serve and to oblige;
but their number fell far short of that of the former. If I may be allowed
to declare my conjectures, the origin of the inhabitants of Albany and its
neighborhood seems to me to be as follows : Whilst the Dutch possessed
this country, and intended to people it, the government took up a pack
of vagabonds, of which they intended to clear the country, and sent
them along with a number of other settlers to this province. The va-
gabonds were sent far from the other colonists, upon the borders towards
the Indians and other enemies and a few honest families were per-
;

suaded to go with them, in order to keep them in bounds. I can not any
other way account for the difference between the inhabitants of Albany,
and the other descendants of so respectable a nation as the Dutch, who
are settled in the lower part of New-York province. The latter are
civil, obliging, just in the prices, and sincere; and though they are not
ceremonious, yet they are well meaning and honest, and their promises
are to be relied on.
The behavior of the inhabitants of Albany, during the war between
England and France, which was ended with the peace of Aix la Cha-
pelle, has, among several other causes, contributed to make them the
object of hatred in all the British colonies, but more especially in New-
England. For at the beginning of that war, when the Indians of both
parties had received orders to commence hostilities, the French engaged
theirs to attack the inhabitants of New-England ;
which they faithfully
executed, killing every body they met with, and carrying off whatever
 Kalm*s Visit to Albany in 1749. 273
they found. During this time the people of Albany remained neutral,
and carried on a great trade with the very Indians who murdered ihe
inhabitants of New-England. The plate, such as silver spoons, bowls,
cups, &c.. of which the Indians robbed the houses in New-England, was
carried to Albany for sale. The people of that town bought up these
silver vessels, though the names of the owners were graved on many of
them and encouraged the Indians to get more of them, promising to
;

pay them well, and whatever they would demand. This was afterwards
interpreted by the inhabitants of New-England, as if the Albanians
encouraged the Indians to kill more of the people, who were in a manner
their brothers, and who were subjects of the same crown. Upon the first
news of this behavior, which the Indians themselves spread in New-
England, the inhabitants of the latter province were greatly incensed,
and threatened that the first step they would take in another war would
be to burn Albany and the adjacent pans. In the present war it will
sufficiently appear how backward the other British provinces in America
are in assisting Albany, and the neighboring places, in case of an attack
from the French or Indians. The hatred whicb the English bear against
the people at Albany is very great, but that of the Albanians against
the English is carried to a ten times higher degree. This hatred has
subsisted ever since the time when the English conquered this country,
and is not yet extinguished, though they could never have got such ad-
vantages under the Dutch government as they have obtained under that
of the English for, in a manner, their privileges are greater than those
;

of Englishmen.
The inhabitants of Albany are much more sparing than the English.
The meat which is served up is often insufficient to satisfy the stomach,
and the bowl does not circulate so freely as amongst the English. The
women are perfectly well acquainted with economy they rise early, go
:

to sleep very late, and are almost over nice and cleanly in regard to the
floor, which is frequently scoured several times in the week. The ser-
vants in the town are chiefly negroes. Some of the inhabitants wear
their own hair, but it is very short, without a bag or queue, which are
looked upon as Ihe characteristics of Frenchmen and as I wore my
;

hair in a bag the first day I came here from Canada, I was surrounded
with children, who called me Frenchman and some of the boldest of-
fered to pull at my French dress.
Their meat, and manner of dressing it. is very different from that of
the English. Their breakfast is tea, commonly without milk. About
thirty or forty years ago, tea was unknown to them, and they break-
fasted either upon bread and butter or bread and milk. They never
put sugar into the cup, but take a small bit of it into their mouths whilst
they drink. Along with the tea they eat bread and butter, with slices
of hung beef. Coffee is not usual here they breakfast generally about
:

seven. Their dinner is buttermilk and bread, to which they sometimes

add sugar and then it is a delicious dish for them j or fresh milk and
bread or boiled or roasted flesh. They sometimes make use of butter-
;

milk instead of fresh milk, to boil a thin kind of porridge with, which
tastes very sour, but not disagreeable in hot weather. To each dinner
they have a great sallad, prepared with abundance of vinegar and very
little or no oil. They frequently eat buttermilk, bread and sallad, one
mouthful after another. Their supper is generally bread and butler,
274 Kalris Visit to Albany in 1749.
and milk and bread They sometimes
eat cheese at breakfast, and at
dinner : not in slices, but scraped or rasped, so as to resemble coarse
it is

flour, which they pretend adds to the good taste of cheese. They com-
monly drink very small beer, or pure water.
The governor of New York often confers at Albany with the Indians
of the Five Nations, or the Iroquese (Mohawks, Senekas, Cayugaws,
Onondagoes and Onidoes), especially when they intend either to make
war upon, or to continue a war against the French. Sometimes their
deliberations likewise turn upon their conversion to the Christian reli-
gion ; and it appears by the answer of one of the Indian chiefs, or sa-
chems, to Gov. Hunter, at a conference in this town, that the English
do not pay so much attention to a work of so much consequence, as the
French do; and that they do not send such able men to instruct the
Indians, as they ought to do. For after Gov. Hunter had presented
these Indians, by order of Queen Anne, with many clothes and other
presents, of which they were fond, he intended to convince them still
more of her Majesty's good will and care for them, by adding, " that
their good mother, the Queen, had not only generously provided them
with fine clothes for their bodies, but likewise intended to adorn their
souls, by the preaching of the gospel; and that to this purpose, some
ministers should be sent to them to instruct them " The governor had
scarce ended, when one of the oldest sachems got
up and answered,
"that in the name of all the Indians, he thanked their gracious good
queen and mother for the fine clothes she had sent them but that in
;

regard to the ministers, they had already had some among them (whom
he likewise named), who. instead of preaching the holy gospel to them,
had taught them to drink to excess, to cheat, and to quarrel among
themselves." He then entreated the governor to take from them these
preachers, and a number of Europeans who resided amongst them; for
before they were come among them, the Indians had been an honest,
sober and innocent people, but most of them became rogues now; that
they had formerly had the fear of God, but that they hardly believed his
existence at present that if he (the governor) would do them any favor,
;

he should send two or three blacksmiths amongst them, to teach them

to forge iron, in which they were unexperienced. The governor could
not forbear laughing at this extraordinary speech. I think the words of
St. Paul not wholly inapplicable on this occasion: ''For the name of
God is blasphemed amongst the Gentiles, through you." Rom. ii. 24.
JUVE the 21st. About five o'clock in the afternoon we left Albany,
and proceeded towards Canada. We had two men with us, who were
to accompany us to the first French place, which is Fort St. Frederick,
or, as the English call it, Crown Point. For this service each of them
was to receive five pounds of New-York currency, besides which I was
to provide them with victuals. This is the common price here and he
;

that does not choose to conform to it, is obliged to travel alone. We

were forced to take up with a canoe, as we could get neither bailees
nor boats of bark and as there was a good road along the west side of
;

the river Hudson, we left the men to row forwards in the canoe, and we
went along it on the shore, that we might be better able to examine it
and its curiosities with srealer accuracy. It is very incommodious to
row in these canoes; for one stands at each end, and pushes the boat
forwards. They commonly keep close to the shore, that they may be
 Kalm's Visit to Albany in 1749. 275
able to reach the ground easily. Thus the rowers are forced to stand
upright, whilst they row in a canoe. We kept along the shore all the
evening: towards the river it consisted of great hills, and next to the
water grew the trees, which I have before mentioned, and which like-
wise are to be met with on the shores of the isle in the river situate
below Albany. The easterly shore of the river is uncultivated, woody
and hily; but the western is flat, cultivated, and chiefly turned into
corn-fields, which had no drains, though they wanted them in some
places. It appeared very plainly here that the river had formerly been
broader; for there is a slopins bank on the cornfields, at about thirty
yards distance from the river, with which it always runs parallel. From
this it sufficiently appears that the rising ground formerly was the shore
of the river, and the corn fields its bed. As a further proof, it may be
added that the same shells which abound on the present shore of the
river, and are not applied to any use by the inhabitants, lie plentifully
scattered on these fields. I cannot say whether this change was occa-
sioned by the diminishing of the water in the river, or by its washing
some earth down the river and carrying it to its sides, or by the river's
cutting deeper in on the sides.

THE FAR WEST OF 1795.

A treaty of peace and friendship was concluded at Canandaigua, in
1794, beiween the United Slates and the Six Nations, by which the
danger of depredations upon setllers was removed, and a large and
fertile region opened to the surplus population of the New England
States. The Genesee Valley immediately became an El Dorado to the
people of those states. The want of roads, and better means of con-
veyance, in many cases, than ox sleds, rendered it a far off country but
;

the fame of its wheat fields induced multitudes to brave every hardship
in sub iuing the wilderness. The principal avenue to that country lay
through the city of Albany, and the tide of emigration in the winter of
1795 was a great phenomenon to its inhabitants. It was estimated that
1200 sleighs, freighted with men, women, children and furniture, passed
through the city in three days of the month of February. On the 28th
of that month, a citizen undertook to ascertain the amount of a single
day's travel, and counted 500 sleighs from sunrise to sunset those
passing in the night not being enumerated.

A RARE BIRD.
The citizens of in November 1788, with the
Albany were entertained,
extraordinary sight of an "uncommon bird," killed at Saratoga and
sent do\\n as a rarity. " The distance from the tip of one wing to the
other, when both were extended, was 9 feet 2 inches the mouth was
;

large enough to contain the head of a boy ten years old, and the throat
BO capacious as to admit the foot and leg of a man, boot and all,'' No
one could decide what species the stranger belonged to, till, the counsel
of Dr. Mitchell of New-York being called in, it was decided to be a
pelican perhaps the only one that ever extended his discoreris to this
region
276 Biographical Notice of Harmanus Bleecker.

HARMANUS BLEECKER.
Mr. Bleecker was a descendant of the celebrated Jan Jansen Bleecker,
the ancestor, it is believed, of all who bear that name in this State.
Jacob Bleecker, the lather of Harmanus, was a merchant and a much
esteemed citizen. After having received a classical education, Mr.
Bleecker entered upon the study of the law in the office of John V.
Henry and James Emott, who were eminent counsellors of the day and ;

was admitted to practice at the bar of this State in 1801, in the 22d year
of his age. He entered into partnership with Theodore Sedgwick, late
of Stockbridge; which connection endured for many years, and proved
honorable and lucrative to both. Mr. Bleecker in particular became
known throughout the State as an eminent advocate, and his name is
frequently to be found on the pajes of the reports of the days when
Kent, and Spencer, and Thompson, and Van Ness, were the great
luminaries of the science.*
He was also successful in his political career. Having been several
years a member of assembly for this county, he was in 1810 elected to
Congress, where he served during the stormy period of the last war with
Great Britain, and acting with the federal party, was one of those who
opposed the war. At various times he was honored with other impor-
tant trusts, indicative of the hish opinion entertained of him. His name
is found in the first board of managers of the Albany Bible Society, in-

corporated in 1811 He was a resent of the University for several

years; a commissioner on the part of this state, for settling the boundary
between New-York and New-Jersey. Gov. Clinton, to whom he had
been actively opposed for many years previous, offered him the post of
adjutant general, which he declined, while he appreciated the magnani-
mity that dictated the proposal. On the accession of Mr. Van Buren to
the presidency, Mr. Bleecker was sent to the Hague as the American
minister, where he made an impression that will not be effaced in our
generation. It was during his residence at the Hague that he married
a lady of the country, Miss Sebastiana Cornelia Mentz, with whom he
visited Holland once after the close of his mission.

* It will be seen, in the

following list of students who acquired their profession in his
office, that it includes
many who have, by their talents and worth, risen to places of
eminence and distinction.
Henry D. Sedgwick, Robert Sedgwick. Solomon Southwick, John W. Taylor
(Speaker of the House of Representatives, 1825-2'i). David Rust, Henry Jones, Abra-
ham Holdridge, Cornelius R. D Lansings .lacol) Dox. Peter P. J. Kean. Jacob Suther-
land (Judge of old Supreme Court), Henry \V. Channing, John Rodman, Thomas D.
Higgiiis, Sterling Goodenow, Isaac Truax. Gideon Hawley, Peter Gansevoort, Henry
Starr, David Raymond, Kbenezer Baldwin, William Diirling, Abraham Schuyler,
Henry H Fuller, John Porter, E. P. Storrs. James Dexter, Gilbert L Thompson,
James C. Bloodgood, John D. Crocker, Cornelius Gates. Frederick Matthews, Bargood
E Hand, Richard V. De Witt, Frederick Whitt!e<ey (Judge of Supreme Court), N N.
Hall, Henry J. Linn. C. V.S.Kane. Metcalf Yates, Hamilton Bocart, John B. Van
Schaick. Augustus Beardslee, Henry G. Wheaton, S V. R. Bleecker, W. Duer Hen-
derson, Charles Fenno Hoffman. Bradford R Wood, David Dudley Field, D A Noble,
Philip S. Van Rensselaer. Harvey Hyde, Charles Walsh, S. Cook, P. V. S. Wendover,
E T. T. Martin. Israel T. Hatch, Leonard Bement. W. H. Bogart, John B- Luce,
Charlemagne Tower, John James Kane, Henry H. Mnrtin, Charles N. Rowley, Cam-
bridge Livingston, John W. Bradford, Francis Randall.
 Biographical Notice of Harmanus Bleecker. 277
Mr. Bleecker was one of the most cultivated gentlemen in the state.
After his return from Holland, he continued the study of literature in
all its varied departments, and paid much attention to theology. Though
by association, and by family and inherited sympathies, identified with
the older times and people of this country, no man entered more zea-
lously into every progress of the times, and rejoiced that for the great
multitude of the people the advancing years were, more and more, years
of education and comfort and prosperity. A truer republican our coun-
try did not possess and he carried with him in his diplomatic career,
;

and in his residence abroad, the dignity and the simplicity of an Ameri-
can, never ceasing in every proper and courteous way to commend his
country and his country's institutions to the respect of the European.
He spoke and wrote the Dutch language with periect purity and ele-
gance which, united to his engaging manners and irresistible dignity,
;

procured for him. on retiring from his mission at the Hague, an official
expression of regret at his departure from the Dutch government, a
compliment the more flattering as it is almost without a precedent.
The Hon. Harmanus Bleecker died at his residence on the corner of
Chapel and Steuben streets, on the 19th of July, at the age of seventy
years. The ancient house in which he was born on the 19th of October,
1779, stood upon the next lot south, and was taken down a few years
ago, when he erected the block which now occupies ils site. He was
possessed of an ample fortune, which enabled him to consult his taste
in the occupation of his time during the latter years of his Hie, a privi-
lege of which he availed himself wisely.
The pedigree of his branch of the farrily is as follows :

I. JAN JANSEN BLEECKER, a native of Meppel, in the province of

Overyssel, Holland, came to New-Amsterdam in 1658, and subsequently

settled at Albany. He was one of the first aldermen named in the
charter of Albany, 1686 was recorder from 1696 to 1699, and mayor in
;

1700. Died Nov 21, 1732, aged 91. In 1667 he married Margaret,
daughter of Rutger Jacob-en. His children were JOHANNES, Rutger
(recorder 1725, mayor 1726 to 1723), Nicholas, Hendrick, Catharine,
Jane, Margaret, Rachel.
II. JOHANNES, born 1668 married Anna Koster 1693 succeeded his
; ;

father as recorder of Albany 1700, and as mayor 1701 ; member of the

general assembly 1701 and 1702 died Dec 20, 1733, aged 70. His
;

children were, Johannes, Gertrude, Nicholas, Hendrick, Margaretla,

Anna, JACOB, Anthony.
Ill JACOB, born March 1, 1715; married Margaret Ten Eyck ; died
1747, leaving one son, JACOB.
IV. JACOB, born July 22, 1747 married Elizabeth Wendell 1776. He
;

left two sons, Jacob 1. (died unmarried), and HARMANUS.

V. HARMANUS, born Oct. 9, 1779 married ISebastia na Cornelia Mentz,
;

daughier of Dirk Aientz and Immelje Keyser of Holland; died, July

19, 1849, without iss e.
The armorial ensigns of the family are thus described :

Arms, az., two embattled chevrons or, empaling, arg. a rose branch
ppr. Crest, a pi, aeon, or.
278 Vanderheyden Palace.

VANDERHEYDEN PALACE.
ERECTED, 1725; DEMOLISHED, 1833.
This venerated edifice was situated in North Pearl street, the second
lot below the corner of Maiden lane, on the site now occupied by the
Baptist church. It was built in 1725 by Johannes Beekman, a worthy
burgher of the day. The bricks were imported from Holland, as were
those of many of the houses erected at that time; and it is supposed to
have been, at the time of its demolition, one of the best specimens of
the ancient Dutch architecture remaining in the state. It was occupied

by Mr. Beekman as his family residence until his death in 1756, afler
which his two daughters continued to reside in it until their marriage,
a s lort time previous to the war of the revolution. The eldest connect-
ed herself with a gentleman of the name of Bain, belonging to the Eng-
lish army, and the younge.it to Mr John McCrea. The former moving
shortly afler her marriage to the West Indes, McCrea and his wife con-
tinued to occupy the mansion as their place of abode until after the war
commenced, when they removed from the city, and the house was
rented. It was afterwards occupied by Mr. George Merchant as an
academy and some eminent professional men are still left to relate
;

the interesting events of many happy hours they spent under his tuition.
In 1778 the mansion was purchased by Mr. Jacob Vanderheyden, for
the consideration of 1153, lawful money of New York ($2-395,) and it
was from this gentleman that it received the appellation by which it
has since been familiarly known, that of the Vanderheyden Palace. It
continued to be used as an academy until the great fire of 1797, when
the dwelling in which Mr. Vanderheyden Jived being consumed, he took
up his residence in this house, and continued to occupy it till his death,
which occurred in 1820. His family remained there but a few years
beyond that event, afler which the tenants became as various as they
were numerous. The site having been selected by the Baptist society
for the location of a neur church, this venerable edifice, having stood
one hundred and eight years, bowed to the spirit of improvement. Its
dimensions were 50 feet front by 20 in depth, having a hall and two
rooms on a floor. Although it had been somewhat modernized inter-
nally, the massive beams and braces projecting into the rooms, the an-
cient waiiiscoting, and the iron tigureson the gable ends, involuntarily
carried the mind back to dwell upon the days of old. It arrested the
antiquarian fancy of Washington Irving, and is described by him in
the story of Dolph Heyliger, in Bracebndge Hall, as the residence of
Heer Antony Vanderheyden. The weatherfane, a horse under great
stress of speed, now glitters above the peaked turret of the porlal at
Sunny Side, Mr. Irving having secured that relic from the hands of the
destroyer, to adorn his unique country seat.
Of the gable enJers thai graced Pearl street in the palmy days of the
Vanderheyden Palace, when the street was yet carpeted with verdure,
instead of paving stones, but two remain on the same side of the way,
another on the corner of Columbia, and one on the corner of State street,
about which we shall have occasion to speak hereafter.
280 Wendell House.

THE WENDELL HOUSE,

No. 98 STATE STREET: ERECTED 1716; DEMOLISHED 1841.
This ancient edifice stood on the south side of State street, the easterly
line being a lit'le over one hundred feel west of the westerly line of
South Pearl street. It was built and occupied by Harmanus Wendell,
in the year 1716, as was indicated by the iron figures upon its front,
after the manner of the day. The figures are barely observable in
the woodcut on close inspection ;
the engraver not havin? given them
sufficient prominence. Mr. Wendell was engaged in the fur trade, and
no doubt many a curious and characteristic scene of Dutch and Indian
traffic was carried on within its walls. The building was torn down on
the sixth day of September, 1841, for the purpose of erecting a four
story brick store on its site, by Messrs. John V. L. Pruyn and Henry H.
Martin, the present owners of the property. The door and bow win-
dows in the first story, and the steps in front exhibit the lower portion
of the building in its original situation, as ascertained from persons who
 Wendell House. 281
occupied itlong since. Some years before its demolition, the steps were
removed, and the doors and windows lengthened so as to conform to the
level of the street; previously to which, a covered passage way had
been constructed for the side entrance, with a door in front, which was
its situation when it was taken down. The Stevenson House, described
on a subsequent page, and razed at the same time, adjoined the lot on
the east, with the passage way referred to between. This relic of the
olden time had become so dilapidated by its great age, and the walls so
impaired by the excavations made around them, as to render its removal
necessary. The editor of the Albany drgus alluded to the subject at
the time, and made the following retrospective observations in connection
with the event :

" What
changes has it not witnessed in its life of one hundred and
twenty-five years! Then, the great and far west, save the French posts
at Detroit, Mtchilimackinac, Chicago and Du Quesne (Pittsburgh), the
French settlements at New Orleans and at Natchez, and a few scattered
hamlets or posts on the Ohio and Illinois, was inhabited solely by the
nations and tribes of Indians, from the Six Nations of our own colony
and region, to the more remote Ottawas, Wyandots, Ottagamie?, Hurons,
Chippewas, &c. Only thirty-five years before, the adventurous La Salle
had launched the first vessel on the great lakes, had reached the Mis-
sissippi, and traced it to its mouth. It was only a few years after the
first great council of all the distinguished chiefs of the various tribes
from Quebec to the Mississippi had been convened at Montreal, with
barbaric pornp and imposing ceremonial, and the power of New France
strengthened by new alliances with the natives. It was fifteen years
after the expedition under M. Cadillac had established the post at De-
troit. It was only three years after the chiefs of the Ottawas, having
been invited to Albany, returned, disaffected to the French, and at once
commenced the siege of Detroit. It was nearly half a century before
the English conquest of New-France and the Pontiac war, or gigantic
confederation of that remarkable chief. The principal seats of the fur
trade were Michilimackinac, Montreal and Albany; and the traffic be-
tween the two latter places was as active and prosperous as it could be,
in the hands of the subjects of rival powers.
"The city (ancient Beverwyck) and the manorial settlement, including
Fort Orange, were little else than a fortified village, with the old church
at the foot and in the middle of State street, a few stores and trading
places in Chapel street (then Barrack street), and scattered residences
on the margin of the river and in the vicinity of Fort Orange, afterwards
called Court, now Market street. The city charter had then been granted
about thirty years; und the appearance of the city is described as being
that of a small town, with two principal streets crossing each other, in
one of which (State street) were all the public buildings, viz., the town-
house, two churches (English and Dutch), guard-house, market, &c.
There were three docks: Tower, or king's dock, middle and upper, and
vessels were unloaded by the aid of canoes lashed together, on which a
platform was built and the goods placed. The population may have
numbered 1000 it was 3506 seventy-four years afterwards (in 1790).
:

" In the
progress of improvement, these two buildings are soon to give
place to a spacious structure, for stores, public rooms, &c. &c. We
confess that we regret the disappearance of these antique remains of the
2S2 United States Creditors.

early history of our city. Upon the demolition of the ancient tenemen
of the fur dealer, which will quickly follow its associate at the cor.ne
of North Pearl and Steuben streets*, not more than one of that age wi!
re main in State street, and scarcely another in the city although a fe\
;

in North Pearl street and in the Colonie, of an uncertain age, but full <

century in years, will continue to present their eables to the eyes of th

curious. We regret it, because, go where you will in this new country
you see only the impress and handiwork of the present age. Even ii
places the earliest settled in the country and where the trace and fashioi
of its dawn exist if any where every thing ancient, every thing vene
rable, every memorial of other times, is swept away, or carefully con
cealed under modern alterations or thick strata of paint and whitewash
as if it were a sin to recal old things and scenes, or a duty to dwell cnl;
among the very latest devices of the architect and the calculator of rent
and profits."

MEETING OF UNITED STATES CREDITORS.

On the 30th September, 1782, a meeting of the creditors of the Unite<
States, in the state of New York, was held in the City Hall in Alban)
Philip Schuyler, chairman; the object of which was to lay their claim
before the public, in an address, and to suggest a general convention o
deputies from the public creditors of each state, to devise ways am
means of payment. Philip Schuyler, Abraham Ten Broeck, Leonan
Gansevoort, John N. Bleecker, Robert McClallen, and Lucas Van Vegh
ten were appointed to receive communications and correspond with othe.
committees. Alluding to the successive violations of the public engage
ments, and a recent and aggravating one, the withholding the inleres
hitherto paid by bills on France, upon the moneys loaned previous t
March 1st, 1778, they observe, " that its weight is most oppressive!;
felt by those whose zeal in the cause, and confidence in their countr;
have been most conspicuous who in limes of danger have demonstrate
;

their concern for the common safety, by voluntary deposits, in some in

stances of the whole, in others of a large part of their fortunes, in th
public funds, and who now, many of them at least, feel themselve
reduced from affluence to indigence, from circumstances of ease an
plenty to penury and unaffected distress. They can not but add that ther
are others, not less meritorious, who have experienced perhaps even .

worse fate those who having made subsequent loans, have long sine
;

seen the payment of interest cease nnd those, who, when the distresse
;

of the army have had no resource but in the patriotism of individual'

have cheerfully parted with the fruits of their industry, scarcely reserv-
ing a sufficiency for the subsistence of their own families, without an
compensation since, besides the consciousness of having been the bene
factors of their country."

* Now occupied by the stately resilience of Dr. Barent P. St.iats

 Si even SOn

THE STEVENSON HOUSE.

ERECTED 1780; DEMOLISHED 1841.

The above engraving will be recognized by as an old acquain-

many
tance. It was a massy and spacious edifice, the late John
commenced by
Stevenson. Esq., at the time of the breaking out of the American re-
volution, and finished about 1730. fifteen years after the completion of
the present Mansion House of Stephen Van Rensselaer. For nearly half
a century it was the mansion of the Stevenson family, and was occupied
by Mr. Van Buren during the period he held the office of governor of
this stale. It was afterwards rented as a hotel, and finally became the

headquarters or committee rooms of the democratic party of the city,

when its walls resounded to the eloquence of Counsellor Gaffney, and
other favorite orators of the day. Its architecture was of a style that
became popular at a period subsequent to t! at of the erection of its
neighbor a few specimens of which still remain in different parts of the
7
;

city.
It w as
T
on the left, that Mr. James Stevenson,
in the adjoining building,
commenced the practice of the law, and that Mr. John Lovett had his
office It was in that building also that Mr. Jacob Green, afterwards

professor of chemistry in Jefferson College, Philadelphia, for some time

kept a bookstore and it was in this bookstore that Mr. John T. Norton,
;

now a retired merchant, made his debut in Albany, as a clerk.

 of State Street
Survey
ALBANY,
MADE IN
1792
JOHN BOGERT.

L o dg e Street.
159 feet wide.

John Green.

John Saunders. ^

Rev. T. Ellison.

RobtYatesEsq.

JohnEaston.
Barrack Street.

Jacob Van Ingen.

152 feet wide.

Bloomendall.

PhilipS. Van
Rensselaer.
H. Wendell.
S

Roseboom. 7
CT
Webster.
Abm. Wendell. 7 o
^ S. Pruyn.

e
Jolin Stevenson. .
^ Livingston.

Shephard. ^ Elm
Tree
liHf
Street. 2 Pearl Street.

i
 State Street in 1792. 2S5

STATE STREET IN 1792.

In connection with the foregoing, a diagram of the section of State

street lying between Pearl and Lodge streets, is introduced. The original
map appears to have been made from actual survey by John Bogert, in
1792. The dimensions of the lots upon State street, and the name of
the owners at that time, are given; together with the location of the
Episcopal Church and the Fort, edifices which disappeared half a cen-
tury ago.
The old English Church, which stood in the centre of State street
opposite Barrack, now Chapel street, was erected in 1715. It was al-
luded to b) Kalm thirty-four years afterwards as being built of stone,
without a steeple, and standing directly under the Fort. The tower on
the west end was a distinct structure, erected after 1750. The bell was
cast in England, and is still used in St Peter's Church, bearing this in-
scription "St. Peter's Church in Albany, 1751 J. Ogilvie, minister;
:
;

J. Stevenson, E. Collins, wardens." The Rev. Thomas Ellison was the

last rector who officiated in the old church. We hope to have it in our
power to present a history of this church in the next volume.
On the northwest corner of the church, and directly in contact with it,
stood the City Fire Engine House. The engine kept within it was the
only one which the authorities provided for the protection of the city
againstfire. It is represented to have been a very superior machine,
and was one of the only two manufactured by the elder John Mason, a
celebrated machinist of Philadelphia its counterpart was for a long
time in possession of the Diligent Fire Company of that city.
As we contemplate the map, and reflect upon the changes which have
been wrought upon the owners and occupants of these lots during the
Jast half century, a melancholy yet agreeable interest is awakened. A
multitude of thoughts will present themselves to the octogenarian, skilled
in antique lore and the traditions of early times, of scenes that will remain
unwritten. Beginning at the foot of the map on the south side, the
name of Mr. Lewis marks the site of the City Tavern, then, and until
the Tontine was opened by Matthew Gregory, the great house of the
day. It was removed to open the street, which was a narrow arched
passage way at this time, having a gate to protect the entrance into the
street below, known as Washington street, now South Pearl. A part or
the whole of the Shepard lot was subsequently taken in extending the
breadth of the street.
The street in the rear of the lots above Pearl street, is described in a
Dutch deed of 1680, given by Dr Abram Staats to the Lutheran Church,
as " the old road belonging to Mr. Pretty, Jacob Sanders, Johannes
Wendell, Myndert Harmense, and Hendrick Cuyler. Mr. Pretty was
the first sheriff under the English charter, and occupied the whole or a
part of the large lot afterwards owned by Mr. John Stevenson.
; Of the Wendell house we have already spoken. In the rear of it was
the printing office of Solomon South wick, where the Albany Register was
issued, and the state printing performed, by him, and is still standing.
286 State Street in 1792.
The house and lot designated as the premises of Mr. Roseboom, were
for a time the residence of Thomas Shipboy, another eminent merchant,
who died in the year 1798. The old edifice is concealed behind a mo-
dern front, but its zuydelyk aspect indicates its origin unmistakeably.
Mr. Shipboy afterwards occupied the house No. 56 State street, sub
sequently the store of the late Christian Miller the strong walls of
which have also been carried up so as to present the appearance of a
modern structure.
The two next are the site of the American Hotel, belonging to the
descendants of the late William James. They were occupied by the great
printing and publishing house of the Hosfords, which went down in 1825.
The Van Ingen property is now the residence of Erastus Corning, Esq.
The next belongs to the estate of the late William Gould, who ere -ted
a graceful modern edifice, and acquired a handsome fortune upon the
premises as a law bookseller.
The house of Judge Yates is still standing, and was occupied by his
son, John Van Ness^Yates, of distinguished memory, until his death,
which occurre 1 a few years ago.
The house occupied by Mr. Ellison is also still standing, looking *

little the worse for its

age, although it never had much pretension t|
elegance. It is now the properly of Philip Wendell, Esq.; the
upp{
part occupied by him as a dwelling, and the lower part has long be-1 .
the well known chair factory of L. McChesney.
The late Killian K. Van Rensselaer married a descendant of Mr. John
Sanders, of Schenectady, and inherited the lot which bears the name oj
the latter on the map. Mr. Van llensselaer erected a large dwelling!
house upon the premises, in which he resided till his death a few year?
ago, since which it has been occupied by Mrs. BrinckerhofF as a ladies'
boarding school.
A large wooden building, which was built before the revolution, and
we believe for a time used as a tavern, occupied the corn r of John
Green. In this building the Albany Academy was opened in 1815. It
was burnt in 1S47; when a substantial brick edifice was erected upon
its site, by the heirs of the late KiUian K. Van Kensselaer ; to whom the

property belongs.
The position of the Fort is believed to be very accurately given. The
northeast bastion occupied the ground where the Episcopal Church now
stands. Its foundations were as high as the top of that church. It was
the fourth place selected for a fort, and was first, it appears, enclo-ed
by stockades merely. The diagram here given was made by the Rev.
John Miller, a chaplain of the Enslish army, in 1695, when it was sur-
rounded by a ditch. It is purposed at a future day to give a view of the
Fort taken at a subsequent period, when it had undergone important
improvements, and to prepare as full a history of it as it may be possible
to gather at this
day.
/-''

4b w/l
 State Street in 1792. 2S7
West.

East.
1. Governor of Albany's house. 8 Well.
2. Officers' lodgings. 9. Sentry boxes.
3. Soldiers' lodgings. 11. Sallyport.
4. Flag-staff mount. 12. Ditch fortified with stakes.
5. Magazine, 13. Gardens.
fi. Dial mount. 14. Stockade.
7. Town mount. 15. Fort gate.
The the occupation of William Muir was long since divided
square in
up for residencesand shops.
The house of the worthy old mayor, Philip S. Van Rensselaer, younger
brother of the patroon, is still occupied by his widow.
The next three lots form the well-known Webster Corner. After the
memorable fire of 1793, in which the printing office of Mr. Webster was
consumed, he took the white house on the Livingston lot, which stands
there at this day. The two lots above it were purchased and built upon
by himself and brother George, where they resided during their lives.
The corner property also came into their hands, and became the theatre
of a very extensive printing and publishing business. In the palmy days
of the establishment, it was customary twice a week to load with school
and other books for the western country, one of those old-fashioned two-
story freight wagons, so common before the opening of the canal. There
were no heresies in those days against Webster's Spelling Book.
Intimately associated with the reminiscences of this corner, is the elm
tree which throws its rugged arms across the street, and enjoys so ex-
traordinary a degree of popular favor, as to defy the plodding traffickers
below, whose signs are obscured by its foliage, to lop a limb or touch a
twig. This corner was the property of Philip Livingston, one of the
signers of the Declaration of Independence, who was born in Albany in
1716 and the earliest reminiscence we have of the tree, is the circum-
;

stance of his having, when a young man, rebuked a sailor, whom he

observed preparing his knife to cut it down, then a mere switch. From
this datum we may infer that the elm is more than a hundred years old.
The Lydius Corner, opposite, was occupied at the time of the survey
288 A Canadian Invasion.
by a very eccentric old gentleman, Balthazar Lydius. He died on the
17th November, 1815, aged 78, and was the last male descendant of his
family, which was ancient and respectable. The house in which he lived
was imported from Holland bricks, woodwork, tiles, and ornamental
:

irons, with which it was profusely adorned, expressly for the use of ihe
Rev. Gideon Schaets, who arrived in 1652. The materials for the house
arrived simultaneously with the old bell and pulpit, 1657. It was sup-
posed to be the oldest brick building in North America at the time of its
removal in 1832. The modern Apothecaries Hall was erected by Mr
George Dexter upon its site.

A CANADIAN INVASION.
In the year 1687 the French in Canada made preparations to invade
the Five Nations under the protection of New York. Information was
received at Albany in the fall, of the movements of the enemy, where-
upon the following proceedings were had in council. (See Doc. Hitt.
N. Y., p. 272.)
Council Held at ffort James ffriday the Ninth of September 1687.
;

Present His Excv the Govern' &.c.

Inforrnacon being given to his EXCY and some of the Members of
y Board that y e ffrench at Canada are providing fifteen hundred pair
e

of Snowshews.
Ordered that y e Mayor and Magistrates of Albany send ord* s to the
five Nations to bring Down their Wives Children and old men least
e ffrench come
y uppon them in the Winter and none to stay in the Cas-
tles but y e yong men. That they who come be setled some at Cats Kill
Levingstons land and along y e River where they can find Conveniency
to be neer us to assist them if they should want and that they send
Downe with them all y e Indyan Corne that can be spared by y e Young
Men who are to stay in ye Castles.
Councill Held at ffort James Sonday the 11^ of Septembr 1687.
:

"
Present His Excy the Govern &c. 1

Letters from Albany giveins account that the people there are in
great Consternation thro apprehension that ye ffrench will come down
uppon them this Winter.
Resolved that Every tenth man of all y e Militia troupes & Companys
Except, those who were out y last yeare a whaling
within the Province e
be Drawn out to go up thither.

Accordingly, forces were sent to Albany, and Gov. Dongan came up

himself to assist in sustaining the Indians against their enemies. By
the report of Robert Livingston, made to the Council, April 30, 1688, of
his disbursements at Albany, for the maintenance of the forces, gifts
and presents to the Indians; and relief of French prisoners, from
August 11, 1687, to June 1, 1688, amounted to 2067 6s. 4d. It ap-
pears that these expenses required a new levy of 2556 4s. to be made
upon all the inhabitants and free holders of the province, of which
sum the proportion allotted to the city and county of Albany was 240
 A Scene of the Revolution in Albany. 289
($570.) The pay of officers and soldiers employed in the service, was
as follows :

The Major ten Shillings Cur lt Money of this Province.

per diem. per diem.
The Capt of horse 0.10.0 The Capt offffoolt - -
0.8.0
The
The
The
Lievt
Cornett
d
...
Quartermaster - -
0. 7
0. 6.0
0. 5.0
The Lievt
The Ensi.sne
The Sergeant
-

-
-

-
-
-

-
-
0.4.0
0.3.0
0.1.6
The Corporal! - - 0. 2.0 The Corporall - - -
0.1.0
The Trumpiter - . 0. 2.0 The Drumheater --
0.1.0
The Troopers . - 0. 1.6 The rest of the private men 0.0.8

A SCENE OF THE REVOLUTION IN ALBANY.

In the spring of 1778; we went down to Bethlehem and brought home
our cattle that had wintered there. As we were driving them slowly
back, and as we entered Albany on our return, we met in State ;>treet
a procession of novel character moving slowly up the hill. percei- We
ved seven persons dressed in white, and soon learned ihey were of that
unfortunate class of disaffected men, who to bad political principles had
added crimes against society, which even a state of war would not
justify. At Schodack they had distinguished themselves by a series of
desperate acts not lobe patiently endured by the community, and when
they were taken prisoners their fate seemed inevitable. These men
had been confined for some time in the city prison, now known as the
Old Museum, and had once made their escape, but only to enjoy their
liberty for a few hours. Indeed the whole city was under arms when
we saw them moving to the fatal spot where they were to suiter. The
public indignation was also much excited by their conduct in prison,
and the circumstances attending their being brought to suffer the sen-
tence of the Jaw. They were confined in the right hand room of the
lower story of the prison. The door of their apaitment swung in a
place cut out lower than the level of the floor. When the sheriff came
to take them out he found the door barricaded. He procured a heavy
piece of timber, with which he in vain endeavored to batter down the
door, although he was assisted in the operation by some very athletic
and willing individuals. During the attempt the voice of the prisoners
was heard threatening death to those who persevered in the attempt,
with the assertion that they had laid a train of powder to blow up
themselves and their assailants. InJeed it was well asceitained that a
quantity of powder hai passed into their possession, but how, could
not be known.
It was afterwards found placed under the floor an arranged to pro- 1

duce the threatened result. The sheriff could not effect his entrance,
while a crowd of gazers looked on to see the end of this singular con-
test. Some one suggested the idea of getting to them through the ceil-
in2, and immediately went to work to effect a passage by culling a hole
through. While this was going on the the prisoners renewed Iheir
threats, with vows of vengeance, speedy, awlul and certain. The as-
290 Tory Execution Place Gov. Tryon in Albany.
sailants however persevered and as I was informed, and never heard
contradicted, procured a fire-engine, and placed it so as to introduce the
hose suddenly to the hole in the ceiling, and at a signal inundated the
room beneath. This was dexterously performed. The powder and
its train were in an instant rendered useless. Still, however to descend
was the difficulty, as but one person could do so at a time. The dis-
proportion of physical strength that apparently awaited the first
intruder, prevent -d for some time any further attempt. At last an
Irishman, by the name of McDole, who was a merchant, exclaimed,
"Give me an Irishman's gun, and I will go first." He was provided
instantly with a formidable cudgel, an 1 with this in his hand he de-
scended, and at the same moment in which he struck the floor, he
levelled the prisoner near him, and continued to lay about him valiantly
until the room was filled with a strong party of citizens who came to his
assistance through the hole in the ceiling. After a hard struggle they
were secured, and the door which had been barricaded by brick taken
from the fire-place was opened
They were almost immediately taken out for execution, and the
mob was sufficiently exasperated to have instantly taken their punish-
ment into their own hands. The prisoners seemed to me when moving
up the hill to wear an air of great gloom and i'l nature. No one ap-
peared to pity them, and their own hopes of being released by some
fortunate circumstance, as by the intervention of the enemy, had now
vanished for ever.
They arrived in a few minutes at the summit of the hill, near or at
the very place now covered with new and elegant edifices, north and
east of the Academy, and there upon one gallows of rude construction
ended they their miserable lives together. Sexagenary.

TORY EXECUTION PLACE.

From a citizen who witnessed these scenes, we learn that the powder
house in the time of the revolution was at a little distance west of the
Academy Park. In front of it was a ravine, where the lories were hung
and buried. The ravine ran north and south. They were stripped of
their coats, hats and shoes, a bandage put over their eyes, in which
condition they were executed, and buried in the ravine.

GOVERNOR TRYON IN ALBANY.

The city was honored by
a visit from General Tryon, July 20th, 1772,
on which occasion a public dinner was given him by the mayor and
corporation at CartwrLht's tavern; and on the following day he gave
an elegant entertainment to the mayor and corporation, the clergy, seve-
ral gentlemen of the law, and the officers of the militia. On the 24ih
(Friday) he set out for Schenectady, accompanied by Sir John Johnston,
and several gentlemen and ladies, escorted by the Albany troop of
cavalry. HeVas received there by his majesty's justices of the peace,
and upwards of 800 of the militia of that township under arrrs.
FIKST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH,
Corner of Hudson MIX! Philip streets.
290 Tory Exec
sailants however pe
contradicted, procu
hose suddenly to t'

room beneath,
its train were in
was (he difficult
proportion of
'

intruder, prevf '

Irishman, by
"Give me ar
instantly wit
scended, an
levelled llu
until the r
assistant
were sec
from thf
They
mob w
ment
up tr

peai
fortun
vanish*.
They
the very .

east of the
ended the'

Fro
housf
Acar
and
the
CO
 First Presbyterian Church. 293

FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.

The new edifice, for theaccommodation of this large and increasing
congregation now worshipping in the church corner of Beaver and South
Pearl streets, under the pastoral charge of the Rev. Dr. J. N. Campbell,
has been in the course of construction about two years. It is the third
house built for the use of this society, the first two having been alluded
to at pp. 130 - 132. The engraving opposite, by Mr. R. H. Pease, is a
faithful representation of the edifice, which is the noblest specimen of
church architecture in the city, as yet completed.
The following are the names of its principal artificers:
H. RECTOR, Architect.
JOSHUA R. HAYES, Mason.
ALEXANDER GRAY, Stonecutter.
JAMES DENNISON & Co., Carpenters.
BOYD & MCDONALD executed the mastic on the exterior, the plaster,
work of the interior.
stucco and fresco
The workmanship, throughout, could scarcely be surpassed in ele-
gance and stability.
The entire building occupies an area of about one hundred and twenty
by seventy-five feet ; and for the convenience of this brief description,
the building may be arranged under three general divisions : the tower,
occupying the east end; the centre, or main body of the building; and
the projection at the west end.
The tower is twenty-six feet square, and one hundred and fifty-six
high its external ornaments consisting of four octagonal turrets
: one
at each corner, terminating in pinnacles; two belt mouldings; three
clock faces; panelled belt; five windows; the entrance doors, and the
parapet.
The body of the building is ninety-seven by seventy-five feet, and
forty-four feet to the top of the parapets; and relieved externally with
eighteen buttresses, four turrets, and perl'orated for twelve windows.
The projection at the west end is about thirty by seven feet, and con-
tains two anle buttresses, cornice and parapet.
The turrets and buttresses present their usual display of corbels, pe-
diment mouldings, crocketed angles, and terminating finials to their re-
spective pinnacles the belt and cave cornices are well formed and ju-
;

diciously arranged ;
the paneled course is filled with tracery; the clock
faces furnished with architrave mouldings, crocketed bands, and ter-
minating finials; the tower windows furnished with corbels, crocketed
heads, and finials; and the principal entrance door has recessed jambs,
columns, head moulding, tracery, cornice, tudor leaf parapet, side but-
tresses, and side and center pinnacles. The parapets to the main body
of the building, and to the projection at the west end, are plain that
;

to the tower, open, and somewhat ornamented. The windows have

double mullions, transoms, tracery heads, and are glazed with colored
and figured glass manufactured for the express purpose. The facing to
foundations, the steps, window heads, dressings, and all external orna-
ments are of cut stone the other portions masticated to imitate stone.
;

The principal entrance is into the east side of the lower. The tower
26
294 First Presbyterian Church.

contains the inner porch, the screen doors, and the organ and bell lofts;
also the apartment designed for the clock. The entrance to the organ,
and to the choir gallery, is also through a portion of the tower and the
;

west side of the tower is perforated and arched, in order to present a

full view of the organ. The screen wall, dividing ihe hall and lobbies
from the nave and aisles, is perforated for three doors corresponding
with the inner passages along the several ranges of pews, and also for
two doors leading to the galleries. Between the front and screen walls
is a transverse hall which contains the staircases, all conveniently ar-
ranged to give easy access to the different portions of the building. The
area west of the screen wall, about seventy-seven by sixty-four feet, is
divided by two ranges of columns into nave and side aisles the columns
:

form the support of the two ranges of galleries, and of the spandrels of
the groined ceiling; the centre poriion, or nave, terminating at its west
end in the recess containing the pulpit> steps, and private entrance; and
at the east end, in the organ loft and gallery for the choir.
The main ceiling is formed into three general divisions, corresponding
with the nave and side aisles, by groined arches ornamented with ribs,
bosses, and the usual display of ornament, and laid off to represent blocks
of cut stone masonry, and frescoed the ribs desceiid along the different
:

curves of the arches, and rest in a cluster of mouldings upon the or-
namented caps of the columns, and upon ornamented corbels along the
walls. The ceilings of the galleries, and also those of the porch and
hall, are ornamented with spandrels, resting upon corbels, and the angles
filled with tracery. In each panel of the galleries, between the columns,
are presented five arches resting upon corbels; end from each corbel
rises a pinnacle, the arches and pinnacles ornamented with crockets and
finials, and terminate below the gallery cornice : the unoccupied spaces
are filled with tracery paneling. The gallery for the choir is finished
similar to the others, except that the main divisions and angles are
formed by projecting octagonal paneling, in form of turrets, and the
tracery within the arches perforated quite through.
Within the projection at the west end is formed the recess which
terminates the west end of the nave, the floor of the recess forming the
area occupied by the pulpit and steps. The recess is ornamented with
columns, panels and tracery, and a blank window finishes its center ; the
window presenting all the variety of mullions, tracery, transom crowned
with tudor leaf, usual in ornamental windows. In one side of the recess
is a private entrance, with a corresponding blank door at the opposite
side, the arches of both finished with crockets and finials. The pulpit is
not in a sufficient state of forwardness to admit of a particular descrip-
tion, but will doubtless be in character with the other portions of the
building.
The main floor is intended to contain one hundred and fi'ty-eight pews,
and the gallery forty-two. The choir will be of sufficient size to ac-
commodate thirty persons. About twelve hundred persons can be ac-
commodated in pews, gallery and choir, if required. The building is in-
tended to be warmed by means of two furnaces located in the baesment.
This church edifice, though entirely divested of the transepts, clere-
story, hish ceilins. and lofty spires which characterize the cathedral
form of church edifices, will be found nevertheless, upon careful inspec-
tion, to present, in both general design and in detail, objects worthy the
attention of the amateur and lover of the mechanic arts.
 Births, Marriages and Deaths in 1848. 295
The loton which this edifice is erected is on Hudson street, 150 feet
in length, and on Philip street, on which it fronts, about 148 feet in
breadth, enclosed by an iron fence of gothic structure. The organ,
which is already put up, and is a full organ with three banks of keys,
was made by Messrs. Appleton and Warren of Boston. The supposed
cost of the whole structure will be nearly seventy thousand dollars.

BIRTHS, MARRIAGES AND DEATHS, 1848.

Abstract made from the returns of marriages, births and deaths, which.
took place in the city of Albany during the year 1848:
Marriages. Whole number of marriages returned, 629; do in which
both parties resided in the city, 226 do one of the parties, 298 do both
; ;

parties resided out of the city, 105 do the parties resided in MassachU'
;

setts, 29; Connecticut, 5 Rhode Island, 2; and other States, 6.

;

The marriages took place in the several months as follows: January

34, February 33, March 21, April 45. May 57, June 47, July 51, Au-
gust 61, September 73, October 80, November 63, December 59-
Married in St John's church, 104 do St. Joseph's, 71 j do St. Mary's,
j

69: total, 244.

Births. Whole number of births returned. 1325 ; males 448, females
350, sex not stated 502 males (colored) 9, females do 9, sex not slated
;

do 7 44 twin children, of which 22 are males and 10 females, and 12

the sex not given.
The births occurred in the several months as follows January 97,
:

February 70, March 108, April 85, May 92, June 87, July 117, August
120, September 103, October 116, November 9S, December 130, un-
known 102.
Deaths The number of deaths returned for 1848 is 1218 males 645,
;

females 488, males (colored) 2, do females 3, sex not stated 80, mar-
ried 206, unmarried 726, not stated 2^6, native born 815, foreigners 403-
Deaths in the several months as follows: January 126, February 99,
March 121, April 89, May 90, June 72, July 136. August 145, Septem-
ber 104, October 91, November 69, December 76 total, 1218.
;

Number of those who died under the age of one year is 232 over 1 ;

year and under 5, 319 over 50 and under 55, 40

over 5 and under 10, 66 55 60, 23 j
10 15, 31 _60 65, 26 ;

15 20, 27 65 70, 17 ;

20 25, 62 70 75, 19 j
25 30, 59 _75 80, 9 ;

30 35, 59 80 85, 14 ;

35 60 $5 7
40 _ 40,
45, 51 _ 90 _ 90,
95, 3
;

45 50, 38 95 100, 1 ;

age not given, 55.

Average age of the persons dying, 20 years and 20 days.
Diseases 151 died of consumption, 59 of diarrhoea, 29 of congestion
of the brain, 26 of croup, 24 by accident, 20 of scarlet fever, 21 of
teething, 13 of typhus fever, 13 of whooping cough, 252 other diseases,
601 disease not staled.
 State Normal School. 297

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.

In 1S48 the legislature passed an act for the permanent establishment
of this school, and appropriated $15.000 for the erection of a suitable
building for its purposes, and in the following year an additional ap-
propriation of $10 000 ;
was made for its completion (p. 84, 85 ante).
The edifice was finished in July 1849, and on the 31st day of that
month the school was removed into it. It contains, besides the neces-
sary study and recitation rooms, a dwelling for the principal, and is

supposed to be amply commodious for all the purposes of the Institution.

At the annual exercises of the institution, S. S. Randall, Esq. gave the
following account of the origin and progress of the school, in the course
of his remarks on the occasion.
For several years prior to 1844, the attention of the friends of com-
mon school education in this state had been strongly directed to the in-
adequacy of the existing agencies for the preparation of duly qualified
teachers for our elementary institutions of learning. Liberal endow-
ments had, from tim2 to time, during a long series of years, been be-
stowed upon the academies in different sections of the state, with a
view to the attainment of this object but the practical inability of these
;

institutions to supply the demand thus made upon them, with all the
resources at their command, soon became obvious and undeniable. The
establishment of normal schools for this special and exclusive purpose
in various portions of Europe where popular education was most flour-
ishing and in the adjoining state of Massachusetts, long and honorably
;

distinguished for her superior public and private schools and the
manifest tendency of these institutions to elevate and improve the quali-
fications and character of teachers, had begun to attract the regard of
many of our most distinguished statesmen.
On a winter's afternoon, early in the year 1844, in a retired apart-
ment of one of the public buildings in this city, might have been seen,
in earnest and prolonged consultation, several eminent individuals whose
names and services in the cause of education are now universally ac-
knowledged. The elder of them was a man of striking and venerable
appearance- of commanding intellect and benignant mien. By his side
sat one in the prime and vigor of manhood, whose mental faculties had
long been disciplined in the school of virtuous activity; and in every
lineament of whose countenance appeared that resolute determination
and moral power, which seldom fails to exert a wide influence upon the
opinions and actions of men. The third in the group was a young man
of slight frame and pale, thoughtful visage; upon whose delicate and
slender form premature debility had palpably set its seal yet whose ;

opinions seemed to be listened to by his associates, with the utmost de-

ference and regard. The remaining figure was that of a well known
scholar and divine, whose potent and beneficent influence had long heen
felt in every department of the cause of popular education and whose ;

energy, activity and zeal had already accomplished many salutary and
298 State Normal School.

much needed reforms inour system of public instruction. The subject

of their consultation was the expediency and practicability of incorpo-
rating upon me common school system of this state an efficient instru-
mentality for the education of teai-hers. The utility of
such a measure
and ils importance to the present and prospective interests of education,
admitted in the minds of these distinguished nun, of no doubt. The
sole question was whether the public mind was sufficiently prepared
for its reception and adoption ;
whether an innovation so great and
striking, and involving as it necessarily must, a heavy and continued
expenditure of the public money, might not be strenuously and success-
fully resisted;
and whether a premaiure and unsuccessful attempt then
to carry into execution a measure of such vital importance, might not
be attended with a disastrous influence upon the future prospects of the
cause of education. These considerations, after being duly weighed,
were unanimously set aside by the intrepid spirits then in council and
;

it was determined that, backed by the strong and decided recommenda-

tion of the head of ihe common school department, immediate measures
should be forthwith adopted for the establishment of a STATE NORMAL
SCHOOL. The men who thus gave the first decided impetus to the great
enterprise, whose ^ratifying results are now before us, were SAMUEL
YOUNG, CALVIN T. HULBURD, FRANCIS DWIGHT and ALONZO POTTER.
Mr. Hulburd, the able and enlightened chairman of the committee on
colleges, academies and common schools of the assembly, visited the
normal schools of Massachusetts, and after a thorough examination of
their merits and practical operations, submitted an elaborate and eloquent
report to the house, in favor of the immediate adoption of this principle
in our system of public instruction. The bill introduced by him, and
sustained in all its stages by his powerful influence and indefatigable ex-
ertions, and the cooperation of the most zealous friends of education
throughout the state, became a law, and appropriated the sum of $10,000
annually for five successive years, for the purpose of establishing and
maintaining a state normal school in this city. The general control of
the institution was committed to the regents of the university, by whom
an executive committee, consisting of five persons, one of whom was to
be the superintendent of common schools, was to be appointed, upon
whom the direct management, discipline and course of instruction of the
school should devolve.
In pursuance of this provision, the board of regents in June, 1846,
appointed a committee, comprising the Hon. SAMUEL YOUNG then su-
perintendent of common schools, the Rev. ALOKZO POTTER, Rev. WIL-
LIAM H CAMPBELL, Hon. GIDEON HAWLEY. and FRANCIS DWIGHT. Esq.
This committee forthwith entered upon the execution of their responsi-
ble duties; procured on very liberal and favorable terms from the city
of Albany the lease for five years of the spacious building in State street
recently occupied by the Institution ;prescribed the necessary rules and
regulations for the instruction, government and discipline of the school,
the course of study to be pursued, the apportionment and selection of the
pupils. &c., and procured the services of the late lamented and distin-
guished principal, then of Newburyporl, Massachusetts, togllur with
his colleague, the present principal, as teachers. On Ihe 18th day of
December, 1844, the school was opened in the presence of a large con-
course of citizens and strangers, by an eloquent address from Col.
 fc A

State Normal School. '

29
YOUNG, and by other appropriate and suitable exercises. Twenty-nine
pupils, thirteen males and sixteen females, representing fourteen coun-
ties only, of botli sexes, were in attendance, who alter listening to a
brief but clear and explicit declaration from Mr. PAGE, of his objects,
views and wishes in the management and direction of the high duties
devolved upon him, entered at once upon the course of studies pi escribed
for the school. Before the close of the first term on the llth of March,
1844, the number of pupils had increased to 98, comprising about an
equal number of each sex, and lepresenting forty of the fifty-nine coun-
ties of the state. During this term the musical department of the school
was placed under the charge of Prof. ILSLEY of this city, and instruction
in drawing was imparted by Prof. J. B. HOWARD.
On the commencement of the second term, on the 9th of April, 1845,
170 pupils were in attendance, comprising a nearly equal proportion of
males and females, and representing every county in the state, with a
single exception. Of these pupils, about nine tenths had b< en previ-
ously engaged in teaching during a longer or shorter period. The term
closed on the 27th of August with a public examination and other suit-
able exercises, and thirty-four of the students received the certificate of
the executive committee and board of instruction, as in their judgment
well qualified in all essential respects, to teach any of the common
schools of the state.
On the 15th of October succeeding, the school reopened with 180
pupils, which was increased during theproaress of the term to 198, from
every county of the state but one. The death of Mr. DWIGHT, which
took place on the 15th of December, and the transfer of the Rev. Dr.
POTTER to the episcopal diocese of Pennsylvania, created vacancies in
the executive committee, which were supplied by the appointment of
the Hon. HARMANUS BLEECKER and the Hon. SAMUEL YOUNG, the latter
gentleman having been succeeded in the office of superintendent of com-
mon schools by the Hon. N. S. BENTON of Herkimer. The sudden death
of Mr. Dwight, who had taken a deep interest in the prosperity and
success cf the institution, and had given to its minutest details the be-
nefit of his personal supervision and constant attention, cast a deep
gloom upon the inmates and the peculiar circumstances under which
;

it took place were

strikingly indicative of the vain and illusory nature
of all human expectations. For several weeks previous to his death,
Mr. Dwisht had manifested much interest in devising appropriate means
for the celebration of the anniversary of the opening of the school, on
the 18th of December. Alas! how little could he imagine that the long
line of normal pupils, with the children of the various public schools of
the city, to whom he had been a signal benefactor, and hundreds of his
fellow-citizens should, on that day, follow his lifeless remains to their
Jons:home!
At the close of the third term, March 18, 1846, a public examination
was held which continued during four successive days, and convinced
all who felt an interest in the institution, that the work of preparation
for the teacher's life was, in all respects, thorough and complete. The
diploma of the institution was conferred on 47 graduates.
During this and the preceding term a valuable addition had been made
to the board of instruction, by promoting to the charge of several of the
principal departments, those graduates of the institution who now so
300 Slate Normal School.

ably and successfully preside over these departments The experimental

school, organized at the commencement of the second term, was placed
under the general supervision of its present teacher, and has proved an
exceedingly valuable auxiliary in the practical preparation of the pupils
of the principal school, for the discharge of their duty as teachers.
Two hundred and five pupils were in attendance at the commence-
ment of ihe fourth term, on the first Monday of May, 1846, of whom 63
received a diploma at its close in September following. During the
fifth term, commencing on the 21 of November, 178 pupils only ap-
peared, 46 or' whom graduated in March 1847. At the commencement
however of the sixth term in May, subsequently, 221 pupils were in
attendance, of whom 64 received the diploma of the institution in Sep-
tember; and at the reopening of the school in November, 205 appeared.
Up to this period the number of names entered on the register of the
school as pupils, including those in attendance at the commencement of
the seventh term was 737. Of these 254 had received their diploma as
graduates, of which number 222 were actually engaged in teaching in
the common schools of the state; and the residue, with few exceptions,
in the different academies or private schools. Of those who had left
the school without graduating, nearly all were engaged during a longer
or shorter period in leaching in the several schools.
And now came that dark and gloomy period when the hitherto brilliant
prospects of the institution were overcast with deep clouds of melancholy
and despondency when that noble form and towering intellect which,
from the commencement of the great experiment in progress, had assid-
uously presided over and watched its developement, was suddenly
struck down by the relentless hand of the great destroyer when the be-
reaved and stricken flock, deprived of their revered and beloved guide,
teacher, friend, mournfully assembled in their accustomed halls on that
dreary and desolate January day, at the commencement of the year 184S,
to pay the last sad obsequies to the remains of their departed principal.
In the prime and vigor of his high faculties in the meridian brightness
of hi? lofty and noble career in the maturity of his well earned fame as
"
first among the foremost" of the teachers of America, he passed a way
from among us, and sought his eternal reward in that belter land where
the ills and the obstructions of mortality are forever unknown ; where
the emancipated spirit, freed from the clogs which here fetter its higher
action and retard its noblest development, expands its illimitable ener-
gies in the congenial atmosphere of infinite knowledge and infinite love.
It is not for me, on the present occasion to
pronounce his eulogy,
although I knew and loved him well. That has already been done by
an abler hand, and it only remains to say that the impress which his
masterly and well trained mind left upon this institution, the child of his
most sanguine hopes and earnest efforts, and upon the interests of edu-
cation generally throughout the state, of which he was the indefatigable
promoter, has been of the most marked character, and will long conse-
crate his name and memory.
Since this p-riod the progress of the institution under the auspices of
its present enlightened
principal, and his devoted corps of assistants has
been uniformly onward and upward. At the close of the seventh term
graduated, and the eighth term onened with 208, of whom
50 pupils were
46 received their diploma at its close. The ninth term opened on the
 State Normal School. 301
first day of November last with 175 pupils, and at its close 43 were
graduated, and the tenth term which has now just closed, opened with
upwards of 200 pupils, of whom 36 are now about to graduate.
During the session of the legislature of '48, a bill was introduced in
the senate providing the requisite funds for the erection of a new and
suitable building in the city of Albany, for the permanent use of the
Normal School, and rendering the annual appropriation for its support
permanent. Through the active and unremitted exertions of the present
principal this bill became a law, and under its provisions the noble and
spacious edifice in which we are now assembled has been erected. A
few weeks only have elapsed since the school was transferred to its new
location and notwithstanding the prevalence of a most gloomy and
;

unhealthy season, the attendance of nearly 200 pupils of both sexes,

upon the regular exercises of the institution, during the whole of the
term now about to close, indicates the firm hold which it possesses upon
the affections and regard of its inmates. Through the merciful permis-
sion of a superintending power, one only of the pupils of the school has
fallen before the devastating pestilence which has swept over our land.
And while we bow in humble submission to the stroke which thus
solemnly reminded us of our habitual dependence upon Him in whom
"
\ve live and move and have our being" we may, without presumption,
offer up our grateful thanksgiving for the preservation of so many lives,
thus fearfully exposed to the ravages of the destroyer.
For all substantial purposes, therefore, the Normal School may now
be regarded as permanently engrafted upon the settled policy of the
state, as a portion of its noble system of public instruction.

The edifice is entirely plain in its finish, and attention has been given
to its ventilation. The front on Lodge street is 120, and that upon
Howard 78 feet, upon each of which is an entrance that upon Lodge
;

for the female members of the institution, and the one upon Howard for
the male. The building- is divided into four stories (with a basement
some six feet high), each of which contains a large or principal room
for lectures and the general meeting of classes, and several for recita-
tions. Rooms upon the first floor are arranged for the laboratory, the
residence of the janitor, and the usual reception room those upon the
;

second, more expressly for the experimental department the third, for
;

general lecture and recitation rooms, and the fourth for the opening and
closing exercises of the school, and the closing exercises of the term.
This is said to be the largest room in the city, being 46 feet wide by
98 long and it is suggested as an appropriate one for concerts, lectures,
;

&c. A novel feature in its construction is that it is divested of pillars,

or any visible mean? by which the roof is supported ;
it being sustained

entirely by trussed timbers.

The original draft of the building (which included the residence of
the principal in its design, and which is retained in its construction) was
intended to be completed in the most approved manner, with all the
necessary arrangements and conveniences which belong loan institution
of its capacity; but the draft exceeding the appropriation, it was found
necessary to make alterations in its entire finish and model and con- ;

sequently the entire building, if we except the principal's residence, has

undergone considerable change in its structure and finish from the ori-
302 Civil Officers of Albany for 1693.
ginal design. Yet, notwithstanding this necessary reduction, the building
and its furniture and fixtures will compare favorably with any similar
institution in the state for convenience and adaptation to the wants of its
professors and pupils.
The original draft of the building, and from which, in a form much
modified, it has been erected, was made by that efficient and scientific
architect, Mr. George I. Penchard the masonry was executed by the
;

competent firm of Orr &. Cunningham, and the wood work by the well
known establishment of Mr. James Denniston.

CIVIL OFFICERS OF THE CITY OF ALBANY, 1693.

The militia of the county consisted of 359 men, commanded by Major

Peter Schuyler, divided into five companies of foot and one of horse.
Peter Schuyler Esq Mayor
Dirck Wessels Esq Recorder
Robt Livingston Esq Town Clerk
John A pell Esq r Sherriffe
The Aldermen, Collectors, Assessors and Constables elective.
The Mayor's Court hath the Power of the Comon Pleas.
In each County there is a Court of Comon Pleas whereof the first in
the Commission of the peace is Judge, and is to be assisted with any
two of the three next in the commission of the Peace.
The Mayor and Aldermen are Justices of the Peace and have power
to hold Quarter Sessions in the Citlys of N. York & Albany.
Justices of the Peace In the County of Albany to joyne the Mayor
:

Record^ and Aldermen in the Quarter Sessions.

Eehbert Theunisse ) Nicholas Rispe }
Kilian van Ranslaer ( ,-, Sanders Glenn
Martin Gerritse
(
^ Peter Vosbrough ?
n
( ^
R(I

Dirck Theunisse ; Gerryt Theunisse )

The following is a list of the officers of the militia of the county of
Albany, in the year 1700, when the regiment numbered 371 men.
Peter Schuyler, Col., Lt. Col., Dyrck Wessel Is, Ma j., Field officers.
Of a Fool Company in the city of A Ibany Johannes Bleeker, Cap-
:

tain; Johannes Roseboome Leiut.; Abra: Cuyler, Ensigne; Com n Offi-

cers.
Of another Foote Com a in Albert Rykman, Captain;
ye said city:
Wessel ten Broek, Lieut.; Johannes Thornasse, Ensigne.
Of another Foot Cornp a in the said County Martin Cornelise, Cap-
:

tain Andris Douw, Lieut.; Andris Koyman, Ensign.

;

Of another Foot Comp a in the said County Gerrit Teunisse, Cap-

:

tain; Jonas Douw, Jochern Lamerse, Lieut -; Volckart V. Hoesem, Abra-

9

Hanse, Ensignes.
Of a Foot Comp a in ye town of Schenectady Johannes Sanderse :

Glen. Captain; Adam Woman, [Vrooman?] Lieut.; Harman V. Slyke,

3
Ensign* .

Of the Troope of Horse in y e said Resiment: Kilian Van Renslaer

Captain; Johannes Schuyler, Lieut Bennone V. Corlaer, Cornet; An-
;

thony Brics, Quartermaster.

 Cheap Postage System in Albany. 303

OPERATION OF THE CHEAP POSTAGE SYSTEM IN ALBANY.

The Mr James D. Wasson, of the number
returns of the postmaster,
of newspapers, pamphlets and magazines received at the Post-
letters,
Office in Albany during the month of October, 1845, were as follows :

No. of unpaid and paid letters, at 5 cents, 34,656

11 " " at 10 3,804
" free letters, at 5 162
" " at 10 65
dropped letters, at 2 730
printed circulars, ... at 2 257
newspapers chargeable and free, 19,280
pamphlets and magazines, 410

"he following is a transcript of the returns for October, 1843, no

account having been kept in 1844:
No. of letters at cents, .................. 2,127
10 ".................. 3,372
12 ".................. 10,006
".................. 8.182
18!
25 .................. '864
to postmasters, .............. 1,597
to members of Congress, ...... 172
drop letters, ........................ 1 ,629

regular papers, ..................... 10,030

free papers .......................... 9,503
irregular papers, .................... 1,752
pamphlets, periodical, .............. 623
not periodical, ........... 39

he receipts for the month of October during the years 1843, '44 and
'45, were as follows, viz :

October 1843- -
$3.49776
" 1844 2.86041
" 1845 2,225 76

The falling off in the receipts of 1844, under the old rates, compared
with 1843, was $637*35 and in 1845, under the cheap postage system,
;

compared with 1844, $624 65. But these deficiencies have been far more
than realized since, and the system is working well, the business of the
office having increased in a very rapid ratio.
304 Prediction of the Erie Canal Overslaugh.

BARLOW'S PREDICTION OF THE ERIE CANAL.

The great American poem of Joel Barlow, although a popular book
in the last century, is probably unknown to a great many of his country-
men and few of his admirers, perhaps, ever expected to see the Vision
;

of Columbus quoted in after years, to claim the fulfilment of a prediction.

The work was published in 1787, when that magnificent project, the
Erie Canal, if it had any other place than in the imagination of the poet,
was probably regarded only as the visionary chimera of an enthusiast.
But the printed scheme of the poet may have awakened the attention of
some strong mind to undertake the task of carrying out, what we now
behold in successful operation, and which was foreshadowed in these
words :

" He
saw, as widely spreads the unchannell-d plain.
Where inland realms for ages bloom'd in vain,
Canals, long winding, ope a watery flight,
And distant streams, and seas, and lakes unite.

From fair Albania, low'rd the falling sun.

Back through the midland lengthening channels run,
Meet the far lakes, their beauteous towns lhat lave,
And Hudson joined to broad Ohio's wave."

It was thirty years after this was published, that the Erie Canal was
commenced, and more than forty before the opening of the Ohio Canal.
In 1807, the Vision of Columbus was metamorphosed into The Colum-
biad. In the mean time Philip Schuyler and his coadjutors had sue-
ceeded in connecting the Hu Ison with the lakes, by short canals and
locks around the falls of the Mohawk, and into Wood creek, which is
thus alluded to by the poet :

" From Mohawk's mouth, far westing with the sun,

Thro all the midlands recent channels run,
Tap the redundant lakes, the broad hills brave,
And -Hudson marry with Missouri's wave.
From dim Superior, whose uncounted sails
Shade his full seas and bosom all his gale*,
New paths unfolding seek Mackensie's tide,
And owns and emoires rise along their side."

THE OVERSLAUGH.
The legislature passed an act, in April, 1790, for the improvement of
the navigation at the Overslaugh, by allowing the proprietors of Mills
and Papskni islands to erect a dam to prevent the passage of the water
between them, and throw it into the main channel. This, it was
thought, would more effectually benefit the navigation, than the employ-
ment of " an unwieldy machine, which at best only affords a temporary
relief."
 Albany in 1823 305

DESCRIPTION OF ALBANY IN 1823.

BY HORATIO GATES SPATFORD, LI* D.

Albany City, the capital of the state of New York, and of the
county of Albany, is situated on the west bank of Hudson river, near
the head of tide water, 144 miles north of the city of ISew York, 30
miles north of Hudson, 6 miles south of Troy, and 15 about southeast
from Schenectady. In wealth, population, trade, and resources, it is
next in rank to the city of New York, in this state, and takes about the
sixth or seventh rank among the principal towns in the United States.
The city of Albany, agreeably to the charter, is one mile wide on the
river, and extends due northwest to the north line of the manor of Kens-
selaer, holding its width of one mile, and is about 13^ miles long, the
right of soil of which is the absolute property of the corporation in
perpetuity. It is bounded northerly by the township of Watervliel, and
by the county of Schenectady; southerly by GuildeJand and Bethlehem;
easterly by the Hudson or the county of Rensselaer : and, with the
small exception noticed below, the boundaries have never been altered
from the original cnarter, granted in 1636. The area is about 7160
acres, which also constitutes a township, for all the purposes of civil
government. Of this extent, only a small proportion is under populous
improvement, or any kind of cultivation, the western part having a
sterile clay or sandy soil, principally in wood, while the compact popu-
lation is immediately on the magin of the Hudson. To the stranger,
the situation of Albany is seldom thought pleasing j for the ground is
singularly uneven, and there is a peculiar dissonance of taste in ihe plan
of the city, as well as in the style of its architecture. A low alluvial flat
extends along the river, and in the rear of this rises the river-hill, ab-
ruptly, to near the heig l of the plain which extends to Schenectady.
This ft .-it is from 15 to 100 rods wide; and the hill, which is composed
of alternate strata of fine blue clay and silicinus sand, though deeply
gullieJ by some small water-courses, rises, wif'in half a mile of the river
in the direction of State street, till it gains an elevation of 153 feet;
thence, for another half mile, the ascent is about 60 making about 220
;

feet above the level of the river, in the distance of one mile.
The principal streets of Albany are parallel with the river, except
State street, a spacious and central one that extends from the Hudson to
the Capitol, being nearly east and west, with several others, less consi-
derable, intersecting the main streets nearly at right angles. South
Market, formerly Court street, extends from the Ferry, at the southern
extremity of the compact part and near the south bounds of the city to
State street, and has a large share of population and business. North
Market street opens opposite this, and extends from state street to the
northern bounds of the city, and to near the Mansion House of Major
General Stephen Van Rensselaer. These streets thus extend through
the city nearly parallel with the Hudson, between which there are
several other streets, less extensive, as Dock street, Quay street, &c.,
populous, principally occupied with store-houses, shops. &c. State
street, extends from the river in a narrow avenue lo the open area at
27
 306 Albany in 1823.

the meeting of North and South Market streets, where it opens to the
liberal width of 150 to 170 feet, and extends 1900 feet to the Capitol,
with anaverase ascent of 6g feet in 100. The Public Square, an open
space of liberal extent, spreads a handsome area on the east side of the
Capitol ; and from the centre of this, Washington street, spacious and
level, extends westward in a right line on a commanding plain, to the
junction of the Great Western turnpikes. These streets have been
laid out in a style which may be characterized as modern in Albany,
being straight and spacious. North P.arl street extends north from
State street to the northern extremity of the city, just on the brow of
the river-hill, and next west of North Market street ; and South Pearl,
formerly Washington street, opens on the south side of Slate street,
opposite North Pearl street, extending south to the south bounds of the
city, ranging just at the foot of the river-hill. Between this and South
Market street, there are several other streets, and a compact population,
crowded, on the north towards State street, but ihin in the southern part
where South Pearl street diverges westward from the river, between
which lie the grounds formerly denominaied the Pasture, from their being

appropriated to grazing. The flats here were originally subject to an-

nual inundation, and though recently raised some feet, are now hardly
above high-water mark. North and South Market streets, are the
most populous and rich, and do by far the most business. But, through
the compact population on each side of State street, other streets extend
from the hill to the river, parallel lo Stale street, which art closely
built, and contain many very valuable brick houses and stores; these
are intersected by others also in opposite directions, a bare enumeration
of which would be useless and uninteresting, while it would swell this
article far beyonj thelimils assigned to it.
The position of Albany was first chosen by a commercial people, for
a military post, that should extend the trade with the Indians, and give
to that trade a belter security and character. Here seemed the head of
the tide, and sloop navigation; and here the adventurers found a good
ship-channel so close in with the shore as to save docking, and n fertile
intervale of low and rich alluvion, where they erected a stockade to
guard against surprise by the li-dians. This was aboul 1614.
This establishment was on the bank of the river, in whai has since
been called Ihe Pasture, immediately above the Steam- Boat Dock.
About 1623 it was enlarged, better stockaded, and called Fort Orange,
according to the best accounts. A later work was erected on the
river-hill, in amore commanding position, but retained the same name,
except a
in very limited circle, where it was called Wifliamstadt, till

1664, when the whole country passed into the hands ol the English,
who gave the present name in compliment to the Duke of York and
Albany, then lord proprietor.
The charier of Albany, incorporating " the ancient selilement there
as a city," was granted in 1686, a lew months previous to thai of New
York, and Albany has now the oldest charter of any city in the United
States.
The plan of this city, the style of its public and private works, with
the whole characttr ol its police and municipal regulations, are much
improved within the la^ twenty years. Originally, the inhabitants had
to consult present convenience, rather than taste and future
elegance,
 Albany in 1823. 307
more congenial too with the Dutch character; though if Yankee, or
Anglo- American ostentation, enjoying the ease and luxury of opulence
and progressive improvement, reproach with parsimony the ancient
character of the inhabitants of Albany, a just discrimination may find
the happy medium, perhaps, somewhere between these extremes of
national character. A Dutch purse, talk as we may about parsimony,
contracted views, want of taste, &c. &c., is yet a very good thing with
which to embellish an estate, or a town. The corporation of this city
was formerly rich, but it became lavish, if not prodisal, though aiming,
perhaps, only at liberality and public spirit, and it is now poor, and
involved in debt. Many improvements have been made, but in doing
this it is now felt that they have been rather in a style of extravagance,
in which the good people have been paying
'
too dear for their whistle."
" Pride was not made for
man," or rather, too much of it, any more
than for cities, or communities. Property in Albany is very much
depreciated in value, l>y the imposition of taxes, to pay for past follies.
But let us look at its public buildings and works.

CAPITOL OF THE STATE.

The Capitol, or State House, erected for the use of the legislature
certain officers of state, the higher courts,
&c., was in part designed
also, for city offices, and erected in part at the expense of the "city
The whole expense exceeds $120,000, $34,000 of which was
paid by the
308 Albany in 1823.
city. This building stands at the head of State street, adjoining the
public square, and on an elevation of 130 ft et above the level of the
Hudson. It is a substantial stone building, faced with freestone taken
from the brovn sandstone quarries on the Hudson below the Highlands.
The east front, facing State street, is 90 feet in lenslh ; the north, 1J5
feet the walls are 50 feet high, consisting of 2 stories and a basement
;

story of 10 feet. The east front is adorned with a portico of the Ionic
order, tetrastile;
the columns, 4 in numher, are each 3 feet 8 inches in
diameter, 33 feet in height exclusive of the entablature which supports
an angular pediment, in the tympanum of which is to be placed the
Arms of the State. The columns, pilasters, and decorations of the
door and windows, arc of white or grey marble, from Berkshire county
in Massachusetts. The north and south fronts have each a pediment of
65 feet base, and the doors are decorated with columns and angulai
pediments of freestone. The ascent to the hall at ihe east or principal
from, is by 15 stone steps. 48 feet in length. This hall is 58 feet in
length, 40 feet in width, and 16 in height, the ceiMng of which is sup-
ported by a double row of reeded column? the doors are finished with
:

pilasters and open pediments; the floor vaulted, and laid with squares
of Italian marble, diagonally, chequered with white and grey. From
this hall, the first door on the right hand opens to the Common Council
Chamber of the corporation of Albany opposite this, on the left, is a
;

room for the Executive and Council of Revision. On the right, at the
west end of the hall, you enter the Assembly Chamber, which is 56
feet long, 50 wide, and 28 in height. The Speaker's seal is in the cen-
tre of the longest side, and the seats and table for the members are
arranged in front of it, in a semicircular form. It has a gallery oppo-
site the speaker's seat, supported by 8 antique fluted Ionic columns ;
the
frieze, cornice, and ceiling-piece, (18 feet cliameier,) are richly orna-
mented in stucco. From this hall, on the left, you are conducted to the
Senate Chamber, 50 feet long. 28 wide, and 28 feet high, finished much
in the same style as the Assembly-Chamber. In the Jurniture of these
rooms, with that of the Council of Revision, there is a liberal display
of public munificence, and the American Eagle assumes an imperial
splendor. There are two other rooms on this floor, adjoining those
first mentioned, which are occupied as lobbies to accommodate the
members of the legislature.
From the west end, in the centre of the hall, you ascend a staircase
that turns to the right and -left, leading to the Galleries of the Senate
and Assembly Chambers, and a'so to the Supreme Court Room, which
is immediately over the hall : its dimension;- are 50 feet in length, 40 in

breadth, and 22 in height This room is handsomely ornamented in

stucco. An entresole or mezzazine story, on each side of the Court
Room, contains four rooms for jurors and the uses of the courts.
The attic story contains a Mayor's Court Room, a room for the Society
of Arts, for the State Library, and the Stale Board of Agriculture.
The basement story contains the County Cl rk's Office, cellars and
vaults for storage, and dwelling rooms for the Marshal of the city In
the Common Council Room, there are portraits of some distinguished
Americans, and before revising this article. I took some pnins, without
success, to 'ook at, so lliat I could at least enumerate them. In the
Assembly-Chamber, there is an admirable full length portrait of Wash-
 Albany in 1823. 309
ington, by Ames, of Albany, and in the Senate Chamber, one of George
Clinton, unrivalled in faitnfulness, and unexcelled in execution. The
walls of these chambers are hung with maps, and I very lately had
occasion to regret the difficulty of gaining access to them.
This building is roofed with a double-hip, or pyramidal form, upon
the centre of which is erected a circular cupola, 20 leet diameter,
covered with a domical roof, supported by 8 insulated columns, of the
Ionic order, and contains a small bell for the use of the courts. The
centre of the dome sustain* a pedestal, on which is placed Themis,
facing Slate street a carved figure in wood of 11 feet in height, holding
a sword in her right hand, and a balance in her left.
The Public Square, on the southwest of which stands the Capitol,
has recently been laid out in the style of a Park, surrounded by a
handsome fence, levelled, laid out into walks and avenues-, and planted
with shrubbery, and trees, the latter of very diminutive size. Facing
this on the west is Gregory's Row, a hands-cme range of well-finished
brick buildings, extending also around the corner and up the south side
of Washington street, on the north side of which there are some good
buildings, and extending northward, lacing the Academy Park. Wash-
ington street avenue across the Public Square, seems to divide it into
two parks, Capi'ol Park and Academy Par/c, separately enclosed, the
latter laid out and planted *n the same style as the former. On the
northwest corner of the Public Square, opposite the Capitol, north of
Washington street, stands the Albany Academy, a large and elegant
pile of masonry, faced with the red sandstone of Nyac, the same as
that used in the Capitol. It is truly an elegant bui ding, in design and
execution the most chaste in the city, though in common with every other
it is set rather too much in the around, but makes a good appearance
and has a commanding prospect. I have not time to describe it
minutely, nor does it comport with my plan to do so. It cost the city
$91,802 45, exclusive of the lot on which it is erected, and a donation
to the trustees of the o!cl jail, and Jots of ground on which it was situ-
ated. It is three stories in height, has a front of 90 feet, five teachers,
and about 140 students. The State Hall, erected by the state, for the
principal public officers, is a plain, substantial edifice, two stories and a
basement, situated on the south side of State street, midway between
the Capitol and the Banks. This building accommodates The principal
offices of state, such as the Secretary's, Comptroller's, Treasurer's,
Surveyor-General's, and the Clerk of the Supreme Court's offices. The
Jail, probably one of the best constructed in the state, cost the city
$40,525'86; and the Lancaster School House, from a very bad
policy. $23,918'93 : to this may he added as an item, that the corpora-
tion contracted a debt ef $32,000 for the purchase of a site from the
Lutheran Church, for a market. Among the other public buildings,
we may notice three banks, and twelve houses for worship, belonging
to Presbyterians, Episcopalians Lutherans. Baptists, Methodists, some
Independents and Seceders, and Roman Catholics.
The Arsenal, is a large brick edifice, filled with military stores be-
longing to the state of New York, situated in the north part of the city,
late Colonie. The City Powder House, stands on the plain at the
Washington Square; and a Powder House, erected in 1811, by the state,
at the expense of $3,000, stands on an eminence of the plain, near the
310 Albany in 1823.
three mile-stone. The Alms House is also on the plain, near the
Washington Square, the annual expense of which, with the support of
the poor, is abuut $8,000.
There are two Ferries, one to Greenbush village, from the south
part, and one to Bath village, from the north part, on the border ol
Watervliet. From the south or principal ferry, the docks, or quays,
extend north along the river, nearly one mile, and the street fronting
this is pretty compactly built for the most of. that distance. Here are
usually seen from 80 to 200 sloops and schooners, with a scene of acti-
vity honorable to the character ot'the place. . The usual tides at Albany
are from one to three or four feet; but variable according to the wind,
and the strength of the current in the Hudson. To this city, the sloop
navigation may be said to be pretty good.
There are a great many associations for business purposes, and
many literary, charitable, humane, and benevolent societies, which I
have not room to notice, and a Chamber of Commerce, Marine Society,
&c , &c. There are also an Insurance Company, and a Savings Bank.
The Albany Library, is a very respectable one, as is the Apprentices'
Library, and its Water Works, for supplying the city with pure and
whole.>ome water, are entitled to particular consideration. Ames's
Gallery of Portraits, Mr. Cook's Reading Room, and the Museum of
Mr. Towbridge, must not be omitted. The city is well supplied with
printing establishments, having one daily, three semi- weekly, and two
weekly newspapers, and printing and bookselling business to a great
amount. Steamboats run daily between this city and New York, and
there are stages in abundance, daily, in all directions, for Albany is a
great thoroughfare, and will probably continue such, if nothing more.
The Post-Office is well located, in North Market street, a little north
of State street, near the two Mansion Houses, hotels, and the Albany,
and Mechanics' and Farmers' Banks. There are three Air Furnaces in
this city, which make a very great variety and amount of castings ;
and there are many mechanical establishments, in the different trades,
though Albany, in proportion to its wealth and population, is not con-
spicuous in the extent of its manufactures, having no water-power for
hydraulic works. The substitution of steam-power, and the verj' great
importance to such a place, of mills, factories, &c., seem to have been
Strangely overlooked.
But let us turn our attention to the Canals, and the great Basin, from
which so much is anticipated at Albany. The Erie Canal, and the
Champlain Canal, having formed a junction in Watervliet, 8^ miles
north of this city, flow on in one channel, which enters the present city
of Albany in the fifth ward, late a part of Colonie, three fourths of a
mile from the Capitol, where there is a small Basin, and descends to
the HcHson in the rear of the State Arsenal, near the north ferry.
From this place, a Basin is to be made, extending down stream, on the
tvest side of the river, about 4000 feet in length, to Hodge's dock, in the
line of Hamilton street. It will embrace the west part of the river,
extending along in front of the city, formed by an outer mole of 80 feet
in width, and about, IS in height, on the east side of which there is to
be a street of 25 feet in width. The Basin will be from 80 to 300 feet
in width, averaging 10 feet water It is connected with the Canal, at
the upper end, by a boat lock, and with the Hudson river at the lower
 Albany in 1823. 311
end, by a sloop lock. The works are rapidly progressing, and are in-
tended to be completed in 1824, being more than half finished. Should
the Canal continue to terminate here, this Basin will doubtless be of
great importance to Albany, but I raiher suspect it will ultimately be
extended downward to the head f ship navigation.
<

The town of Colonie, described, in the first edition of my Gazetteer,

in 1813, has since been consolidated or abolished, the northern part
being annexed to WatPrvliet, and the southern to Albnny. forming the
Ward, February 25, 1815. But for this, this good old Dutch city
fifth
would not have had its Canal, which does not come within the limits of
its old charter, though the Basin will, and extend almost down to the
first position of Fort Orange, noticed above.
There are many companies cf firemen, wt 11 regulated, and well pro-
vided with engines and other means of effective operations. But while
a well-timed vigilance guards against the ravages of the fire of the
elements, it were well to check the destruction arising from that of the
mind. A deplorable defect in the system of public guardianship exists
somewhere, and the small groceries and shops that retail ardent and
other spirits are so numerous as to call loudly for reform.
The city of Albany is governed by a Mayor, Recorder, 10 Aldermen,
and 10 Assistant Aldermen, denominated in the laws, <k the Mayor, Al-
dermen, and Commonalty
;>
The Common Council must consist of 5
aldermen, 5 assistants, and the mayor or recorder, to be competent
to the enacting of laws. For the better administration of justice, the
city is divided into five wards, each of which elects two aldermen and
two assistants, with such other officers as are found necessary to the
purposes of government, including, also, the usual town officers, such
as supervisors, assessors, &c., each ward being a town, as respects
elections, officers, &c. The charier election is held on the last Tuesday
in September, and the town election, on the day of general town elec-
tions in this state. A large proportion of the houses are of brick, well
secured against fire. The whole number of houses and stores is about
200t>. There are also a Mechanic Hall, Uraninn Hall, and sundry
school-houses, in addition to the buildings already enumerate d. The
shipping, including that annually paying wharfage in thiscily, amounts
to about 400, principally sloops, and an immense amount of business is
don**, principally with New York, though a good deal with Boston,
Philadelphia, &c. The shipment of wheat, annually, is probably to
the amount of two to three millions of dollars. Importations, princi-
pally from England, are made to a great amount, in the dry goods and
hardware business, in which are embarked very great capitals. The
Troy Iron and Nail Works, a very extensive concern, is owned in
Albany,
The annual expenses of the city, amount to about $45,000- In 1821,
the expenditures were $45,614, including $11,168 to commissioners of
the city stock; and the receipts for the same year, $49,507, $14,000 of
which was for support of poor and night watch, raised by tax. Ths
city debt amounted to $250,342, for the reduction of which, there was
a sinking fnnd of $106,108, $81,000 of wh ch is in city lands. To these
:

notices it may be proper to add. as an evidence of the public spirit in

which these burdens have been imposed, that the corporation of Albany,
in 1813j publicly offered a reward of $1,COO, for the discovery of a
312 Albany in 1823.
mine of within five miles of the navigable waters of the
fossil coal, if
Hudson and of a stratum not less than four feet. The coal to be
river,
sure, has not been discovered, but no one will pretend to say it never
will be, or that such a discovery would not be of immense importance
to the city of Albany, and the public.
Mills' island, in the Hudson, a very large and valuable one, commenc-
ing just below the city, is principally in Bethlehem, partly in Albany.
The principal obstruciions to the navigation of the Hudson below this
city, to a free sloop navigation, are, the bar or bars, or rather the flats,
sand-bars, and narrow channels, called the Overslagh, or Overslaugh,
in Bethlehem, three miles below, and Winm ; s Bar, also in Bethlehem,
eight miles. Attempts have been made, and are still making, to rtmove
these, but not with the success desired. Should the dam and sloop
lock, below Lansingburgh, prove as beneficial as it is hoped they may,
the same means will probably be lesorted to here, for the benefit of
Albany and Troy. The alluvial matter has been steadily increasing in
the Hudson, say from ten or twelve miles below Albany, ever since the
first survey of the river, and it is a
perfectly rational conjecture, that it
will continue to
increase, and to multiply the obstructions to naviga-
tion.
Albany has a Globe Manufactory, entitled to distinguished notice, and
a Lyceum of Natural History, recently established, for which it has a
room in the Academy. The actual distance between Albany and New
York, by land, only 144 miles, and perhaps no more measured on the
is
ice, but the sloop channel may still be safely reckoned, as formerly, at
160 miles, or very nearly. This city pays annually $5uO towards the
support of the Lancaster School, which also receives $676 from the
school fund, and collects about $250 a year for tuition money- The
annual expense of this very excellent school, is about $1400, and the
number of scholars 600 to 800. It was founded during the mayoralty,
and by the exertions of the late Mayor P. S. Van Rensselaer, a good
deed for the people, by a man of good deeds.
Population, in 1820, including the annexation from the late town of
Colonie, 12,630: of this number, there were employed in agriculture,
75; in commerce and trade, 468; in manufactures and trades, 909; 238
foreigners not naturalized 643 free blacks, 109 slaves ; taxable property,
;

$3,970,070; schools, 1, the Lancaster school receiving all the public

moneys, an excellent plan, for populous towns; public moneys received
in 1821, $1,401 98, the school being kept twelve months in twelve num.
;

her of children therein, in 1821, 635: electors, 2,357; acres of improved

land, occupied, 1.515; number of cattle. 654; horses, 653 sheep, 272:
;

yards of cloth made in families, in 1821, 1,023 1 distillery. Albany

:

has no water-power for hydraulic works.

The first settlement of this
city was made by some Hollanders about
1612, and next to Jamestown in Virginia, it is the oldest settlement
in the United States. In 1614, a temporary fort was erected. Fort
Orange was built about 1623. Albany received its charter in 1686.
And it is worthy of remark that this city was enclosed by stockade de-
fence against the Indians about 1745, when there were six block-houses
erected, the last of which with the last remaining vestige of that work,
was destroyed by fire in the summer of 18J2.
 Distances of the County Towns from Albany. 313
Albany is situated in north latitude 42
39', and 73 13' west longitude,
from the Royal Observatory of Enelaad. Distances from Albany, to
the city of New York, 144 miles; Philadelphia, 234; Washington city,
373 Boston, 171 Hartford, 92; Quebec, 394; Montreal, 247 Buffalo,
; ; ;

by Utica, by land, 296; via Cherry-Valley, 282; by the Canal 360; to

Detroit, 664-
The eastern section of the Erie Canal was completed, opened for
navigation, when boats descended to the Hudson at Albany, and the
great festival was held, Oct. 8, 1823. This completes the line of Canal
naviaaiion from Albany to Rochester. It wos a great day, celebrated
with great pomp, a grand display of all sorts of pride and ceremonies,
attended, probably, by 30 000 people. The Champlain Canal was com-
pleted September 10, 1823.

DISTANCES OF THE COUNTY TOWNS FROM ALBANY.

County.
AHegany,
Broome,
 314 Dr. Morse's Description of Albany in
DR. MORSE'S DESCRIPTION OF ALBANY IN 1789.

will serve
Thefollowing extract from Morse's American Geography
to correct a very common error in relation to the singular position in
which the reverend doctor is said to have placed the citizens of Albany
in regard to the streets! It is extracled from ihe original edition, pub-
lisheil in 1789, a copy of which we happen to possess. This edition is
now so rare, that it was with great difficulty a copy could he procured,
two or ihree years ago, for the British Museum. It will be seen that
the people, -as well as the houses, are placed in a true and proper posi-
tion, as far as lhir is concerned, and the doctor's English will
standing
be vindicated.
The ciiy of is situated upon the west side of Hudson's river,
Albany
160 miles north of the city of New York, in latitude 42, 36', and is by
charter one mile upon the river, and 16 miles back. It contains about
600 houses, built mostly by trading p ople on the margin of the river.
The houses stand chiefly upon Pearl, Market and Water streets, and six
other streets or lanes which cross them nearly at right angles. They
are b "ill in the old Dutch Gothic stile, with the gable end to the street,
which rusiom the first settlers brought with them from Holland. The
gable end is commonly of hrick, with theheavy moulded ornament of slan-
ting with notches, like stairs, and an iron horse fur a weather cock,
on
the top. There is one little appendage to their houses, which the peo-
ple, blind to the inconvenience of it, still continue, and that is the water
gutters or spouts which project from every house, rendering it almost
dangerous to walk the streets in a rainy day. Their houses are seldom
more than one story and an half high, and have but little convenience,
and less elegance but they are kept very neat, being rubbed with a
;

mop almost every day. and scoured every week. The same neatness,
however, is not observed in the streets, which are very muddy most of
the year, except those which are paved ; and these are seldom swept
aa 1
very rough.
The city of Albany contains about 4000 inhabitants, collected from
almost all parts of the northern world. As great a variety of languages
are spoken in Albany, as in any town in the United States. Adventu-
rers, in pursuit of wealth, are led here by the advantages for trade which
this place afloids. Situated on one of the finest rivers in the world,
at the head of sloop navigation, surrounded with a rich and extensive
back country, and the store-house of the trade to and from Canada, and
the Lakes, it must flourish, and the inhabitant* cannot but grow rich.
Hudson, however, is their rival. Other rivals may spring up.
Albany is said to be an unsociable place. This is naturally to be ex-
pected. A
heterogeneous collection of people, invested with all iheir
national prejudices, eager in the pursut of gain, and jealous of a
rivalship. can not expect to enjoy the pleasures of social intercourse or
the swprts of an intimate and reined friend>hip.
A gentl man of observation and discernment, who resided some time
in Albany has made the following obsei vations, which, though of gene-
ral application, I beg leave to introduce under this particular head.
To form a just idea of the mariners and customs of the inhabitants,
we must confine ourselves to the Dutch, who being much the most nu-
merous, give the tone to the manners of the place. Two things unite
 Dr. Morse's Description of Albany in 17S9. 315
[more particularly to render these disagreeable to foreigners; first, a
natural prejudice which we all possess in favor of our o\vn, and against
I
the manners of another place or nati"n secondly, their c^e union, like
:

|the Jews of old, to prevent the innovation of foreigners, and to keep the
balance of interest always in their own hands.
It is an unhappy circumstance when an infant nation adopt the vices,
luxuries and manners of an old one; but this was in a great measure
the case with the first settlers of Albany, most of whom were immedi-
ately from Amsterdam. Their diversions are walking and sitting in
mead-houses, and in mixed companies they dance. They know nothing
of the little plays ami amusements common to small social circles. The
gentlemen who are lively and gay, play at cards, billiards, chess, &c.,
others go to the tavern, mechanically, at 11 o'clock stay until dinner,
and return in the evening. It is not uncommon to see forty or fifty at
these places of resort, at the same time; yet they seldom drink to intox-
ication, unless in company, or on public occasions, when it is thought to
be no disgrace.
They seldom admit many spectators to their marriages but the day
;

after, the groom pre-pares a cold collation, with punch, wine, &c. to par-
take of which, he expects all his friends will come, at 11 o'clock with-
out any invitation. A dictator, with absolute power, is then appointed
to preside at each table, or in each room, and it seldom happens that
any are suffered to leave the house, until the whole circle exhibits a
shocking specimen of human depravity.
Their funeral cereal mies are equally singular. None attend them
without a previous invitation. At the appointed hour they meet at the
neighboring houses or stoops, until the corpse is brought out. Ten or
twelve persons are appointed to take the bier all together, and are not
relieved. The clerk then desires the gentlemen (for ladies never walk
to the srave, nor even attend the funeral, unless of a near relation) to
fall into the procession. They go to the grave, ami return to the house
of mourning in the same order. Here the tables are handsomely set and
furnished with cold and spiced wine, tobacco and pipes, and candles,
paper, &c. to liuht them. The conversation turns upon promiscuous
subjects, however i nproper, and unsuitable to the solemnity of the
occasion, and the house of mourning is soon converted into a house of
feasting.
The best families live extremely well, enjoying all the conveniences
and luxuries of life ; but the poor have scarcely the necessaries for
subsistence.
The sround covered by this city charter, is of a thin, poor soil. In the
river before the city is a beautiful little island, which, were it properly-
cultivated, would afford a faint resemblance of Paradise.
The well-water in the ciiy is extremely bad, scarcely drinkable by
those who are not accustomed to it. Indeed all the water for cooking
is brought from the river, and many families use it to drink. The water
in the wells, if Kalm was well informed, is unwholsome, being full of
little insects, resembling, except in size, those which we frequently see
in stagnated rain water.
Thepublic buildings are a Low Dutch church, one for Presbyterians,
one for Germans or High Dutch, one for Episcopalians a hospital and
the City Hall.
 Dr. Morse's Description of Albany in 1796.

ALBANY IN 1796.

In the edition of 1796, the notice of Albany was somewhat varied,

as follows:
Many new houses have lately been built in this city, all in the modern
style ,
the inhabitants are paving the streets in the New York plan,
with foot-ways, and making other improvements.
The city of Albany contains about twelve or fourteen hundred houses,
and 5000 inhabitants, collected from various parts. As great a variety of
languages are spoken in Albany, as in any town in the United Stales,
bat the English predominates and the use of every other is constantly
lessening. Adventurers, in pursuit of wealth, are led here by the ad-
vantages for trade which this place affords.
Albany is unrivalled in its situation. It stands on the bank of one of
the finest rivers in <he world, at the head of sloop navigation. It enjoys
a salubrious air, as is evinced by the longevity of its inhabitants. It is
the natural emporium of the increasing trade of a large extent of coun-
try west and north; a country
of an excellent soil, abounding in every
article f<r the West India market plentifully watered with navigable
;

lakes, creeks and rivers as yet only partially peopled, but settling with
;

almost unexampled rapidity, and capable of affording subsistence and

affluence to millions of inhabitants. No part of America affords a more
elligible opening for emigrants than this. And when the contemplated
locks and canals are completed, and convenient roads opened into every
part of the country, all which will, it is expected, be accomplished in a
few years, Albany will proably increase and flourish beyond almost
every other city or town in the United States. The trade of Albany,
indeed, already increases with great rapidity. They sensibly feel the
good effects of establishments made immediately after the peace. These
effects will multiply when the immense quantities of produce which are
now sold to supply the multitudes of new settlers, (who wi'l soon be
able to supply themselves) shall be diverted from these channels and
sent to Albany.
The well water in the city is extremely bad, scarcely drinkable by
those who are not accustomed to it. It oozes through a stiff blue clay,
and it imbibes in its passage, the fine particles common to that kind of
soil. This discolors it, and when exposed any length of time to the
air, it acquires a disagreeable taste. Indeed all the water for cooking
is brousht from the river, and many families use it to drink. But the
inhabitants are about to remedy this inconvenience by constructing
water- works, to convey good water into the city.
At Bath, opposite this city, a large, neatly finished, and ingeniously
constructed baihin%-house has lately been erected, divi led into four
apartments in which the visitants may be accommodated at pleasure,
with a warm, cold, or shower bath, only by the turning of a cock.
The public buildings are a Low Dutch church, one for Presbyterians,
one for Germans or High Dutch, one tor Episcopalians, a hospital, the
city hall, a handsome brick goal, and the city hotel-
A bank was established here in 1794.
 Corporations and Associations. 317

CORPORATIONS AND ASSOCIATIONS.

Such societies and institutions as have changed their officers since the
elections recorded on pages 39 to 42, are inserted again.

ALBANY EXCHANGE BANK Since the demise of the late president, a

change has laKen place in the directory. Election Sept 4, 1849.
John M. Newton, Ichabod L. Judson, John Taylor, James McNaush-
ton, Samuel Pruyn, Lansing G.Taylor, Chauncey P. Williams, Samuel
Stevens, George W. Stanton jr., William McElroy, Oliver Sleele, Gaylor
Sheldon, Frederick J. Barnard, Thomas L. Greene, Christopher W.
Bender.
At a subsequent meeting of the Board of Directors, Samuel Pruyn
was reelected president, and I. L. Judson vice-president.
ALBANY CITY BANK. On
the 12th June, the following gentlemen
were elected directors of bank:
this
Era?tus Corning, Peter Wendell*, John Knower, Watts Sherman,
Ellis Baker, Bradford R. Wood, William Seymour, J. V. L. Pruyn,
William Smith, William Humphrey, Eli Perry, David H. Gary, Henry
H. Mania.
Inspectors of the next election Hiram Perry, John I. Burton, Robert
Thompson.
BANK OF ALBANY. The following gentlemen were elected directors
of the bank on the 8th May:
Jacob H. Ten Eyck, Teunis Van Vechten, William Walsh, Andrew
D. Lansing, Benjamin Tibbitts, Herman 1'umpnllyj David Newland,
John Van Zandt, Jellis Winne jr.*, Henry Bleecker, James A. Wilson,
Duncan McMartin. Daniel Cady.
Inspectors of election Herman Ten Eyck, Christopher Y.Lansing,
Richard Van Rensselaer. E. E. Kendrick, cashier.

COMMERCIAL BANK OF ALBANY. The directory of this bank consists

of the following persons :

John Tovvnsend, John L.Schoolcraft, JohnGott, Giles Sanford, James

D. Wasson, Robert H. Pruyn, Andrew White, Anthony M. Sin/ng
Anthony Gould, Visscher Ten Eyck, John D. Hewson, Alexander
Davidson, John B. James.
Inspectors of the next election John I. Boyd, John M.Newton
Charles B Lansing.
MECHANICS' AND FARMERS' BANK. The following gentlemen were
unanimously elected directors of this bank :

Thomas W. OJcott. Samuel S. Fowler, Friend Humphrey, Thomas

Hillhouse, Robert Shepherd, Lemuel Steele, Robert Dunlop, James
Kidd, William W. Forsyth, James B. Jermain, Hugh Humphrey, Henry
A. Newman, William H. Dewitt. The last named is in the place of
Harmanus Bleecker*, who, from ill health, declined a reelection.
* Since deceased.

28
 318 Corporations and Associations.
ALBANY BURGESSES CORPS. On the 9th October last, the following
were elected officers for the ensuing year :

Franklin Townsend, captain; Justus W. Blanchard, first lieutenant ;

Hale Kingsley, second lieutenant J. Baldwin, third lieutenant James

; ;

Easterly, orderly sergeant ; Harvey Tuton, second sergeant William ;

Burgess, third sergeant Samuel Wilkins, fourth sergeant.

;

Staff Officers L. Benedict jr., quartermaster ; W.J.Thomas, pay-

master j J. F. Schultz, surgeon; William Davis, chaplain; William H.
Low, president; R. S. Handee, vice-president; Jacob C. Cuyler, secre-
tary ; Stephen W. Whitney, assistant secretary ; John V. S. Visscher,
armorer.
ALBANY CITY MISSIONARY SOCIETY. The following statistics are
gathered from the annual report of the agent, Rev. Mr. Rawson, of his
operations for the year ending May, 1849 :

76 visits to the almshouse; reading the scriptures, &c. 133 times in

different rooms.
35 to sabbath and day schools.
102 to the jail.
136 to the penitentiary.
257 to hotels and porter houses.
56 to sick and other families.
102 to shops and livery stables.
57 bibles and 31 testaments have been distributed.
200 copies of Edwards's Sabbath and Temperance Manual.
11 funerals attended.
69395 pages of tracts distributed.
And there have been several hopeful conversions, and a number of
backsliders reclaimed.

ALBANY COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY. At the annual meeting of the

November 13,
society, held at the Cily Hall, the following officers were
elected :

James McNaughton, president, John Swinburne, vice-president; Ben-

jamin A.Sheldon, secretary; J. B.Rossman, treasurer; C. C. GrifTen,
librarian.
Censors P. McNaughton, J. H. Case, Howard Townsend, N. G.
Bigelow and D. R. Burris.
YOUNG MEN'S ASSOCIATION. The election for officers of this institu-
tion took place Feb. 9. The canvass was conducted with much spirit,
but in a friendly manner. The whole number of votes taken was 696.
This is, with one exception, the largest vote ever taken at an election.
The following persons were elected :

William Dey Ermand, president; Rufus G. Beardsley, first vice pre-

sident ;
Edward C. C. Batchelder, second vice-president; William B.
Sprague, third vice president Richard H. Northrop, corresponding se-
;

cretary James T. Stevenson, recording secretary James I. Johnson,

; ;

treasurer; W. F. Pbelps, George C. Lee, James A.Pratt, John N.

Culler, C. D Rathbone, William D. Morange, Joseph A. Wells, A. L.
Winne, R. Higgins, L. S. Hammond, managers.
Debating Society William H. Greene, president D. W. C. DeForest, ;

first vice-president; James Martin, 2d do.; W. R.Thomas, secretary.

 Corporations and Associations. 319
ALBANY FIRE DEPARTMENT. The
several fire companies met by their
delegates (two from each company), on the lOlh January, and elected
their officers, viz :

Samuel N. Payne, president Baltus Prime, vice president Visscher

; ;

Ten Eyck, treasurer Hale Kingsley, secretary John Morrison, collec-

; ;

tor. James M. Whyte and Daniel D. T. Cha'rles were chosen trustees

for the term of three years.

FIRE POLICE. The Common Council appointed the following gentle-

men to the fire police, under the law of 1849 :

JohnOsborn, captain Abraham Herrick, Jeremiah Baldwin, Terence

;

Leddy, first ward William H. Linberger, Richard Dowd, Alexander

;

Waters, second ward; John W. Brasier, John P. Russ, William Van

VIeeck, third ward; Augustus Prime, John Jerroloman, fourth ward;
James Hart, William Lockerty, fifth ward; John Mills jr., Russel N.
Hanalin, R. J. Patten, sixth ward Edward Scully, Patrick Ledwick,
;

Adrian J. Cox, seventh ward; Theo. Carman, William McLaughlin,

Henry Teater, eighth ward Henry Simmons, ninth ward; George C,
;

Scott, William White, John Stackpole, tenth ward.

ENGINE COMPANY No. 4. At the annual meeting of this company,

Nov. 13, the following officers were elected for the ensuing year :

John B. Stonehouse, foreman; Michael Reardon, assistant foreman;

Andrew McFarlane, clerk; Andrew Peterson, steward; Frederick New-
dorf, treasurer.

MOUNTAINEER ENGINE COMPANY No. 5. At the annual meeting of

the company, Nov. 13, the following officers were elected :

Charles E. Phelps, foreman Ariel Lathrop, first assistant foreman;

;

Jacob Rapp, second assistant foreman; William N. Graham, clerk;

George B. Wadleigh, treasurer ; Gerrit Lansing, steward.
Delegates to the Fire Department William J. Packard and George
B. Wadleigh.
ENGINE COMPANY No. 7. At the annual meeting of the company,
Nov. 13, the following officers were elected for the ensuing year :

J. Tremper, foreman ; I. Jones, assistant foreman; P.Philips,

first
second assistant foreman ;
H. M. Bundy, clerk ; William Kingsbury,
treasurer; R. Bygat, steward'.
DANIEL D. TOMPKINS ENGINE COMPANY No. 8. At the annual meet-
ing of this company, Nov. 13, the following officers were elected for the
ensuing year :

William T.Johnston, foreman; John McBride, assistant foreman;

F. C. Feeney, second assistant foreman Jerome Terry, clerk; Samuel
;

Templeton, treasurer Robert Bradwell, steward.

;

Delegates to the Fire Department S. Templeton and J. McBride.

JOHN RGDGERS'S ENGINE COMPANY No. 12. At the annual meeting

of this company, Nov. 13, the following officers were elected for the year
ensuing :

Baltus Prime, foreman; Thomas Kearney, first assistant ; George W.

Baker, second assistant; James Buchanan, clerk; Thomas O'Hagan,
steward; Matthew Morrison, treasurer.
320 Corporations and Associations.
HIBERNIAN PROVIDENT SOCIETY. Al the annual election of officers of
the Hibernian Provident Society, on the 6th March, the following persons
were elected :

Patrick Grady, president; James Rogan, first vice-president; John

Seary, second vice president John Daly, recording secretary John
; ;

Donohoe, corresponding secretary; Richard Brown, treasurer; John

Hisgins, John Purcell," Edward Dnnohoe, Patrick Murray. Patrick
Fly nn, Thomas Kelly, Michael McCormick, executive committee;
Patrick Powers, Joseph Clinton, Henry Dermody, finance committee ;
Nicholas Markey, physician.

MECHANICS' BENEFIT SOCIETY. The following officers were elected

for ihe ensuing year, onMonday, Auaust 6lh :

W. A. Carr, president H E. Brower, first vice-president S. G.

; ;

Mink, second vice president J. A. Biukbee, treasurer R. S. dishman,

; ;

secretary; S. L. Hodgkins, assistant secretary ;

J. W. Hinckley, phy-
sician.
Stewards Henry F. Near, first ward; Michael Delehanty, second
ward; L G. Hoffman, third ward Jesse P Wilson, fourth ward W.; ;

A. Rice, fifth ward John Voshurgh, sixth ward James W. Parsons,

; ;

seventh ward; Oliver Houll, eighth ward; Ed. C. Batcheldor, ninth

ward Faul Cushman, tenth ward.
;

BOARD OF TRADE At an election of the Board of Trade, held on the

sixth February last, the following gentlemen were unanimously elected
officers for the ensuing year:
Arthur H. Root, president; David H. Gary, first vice-president Era- ;

stus S Prosser, second vice-president; James T. Stephenson. secretary ;

George M
Sayles, treasurer; Oliver G. Terry, Samuel Cary, Charles
W. Durant, Lewis E.Evans, Lucian M. Gilbert, reference committee.
Inspectors of election Charles T. Smyth, Horace Averill.
ALBANY EXCHANGE COMPANY. At ah election held January 8lh, the
following gentlemen were elected directors ol this company for the en-
suin? year :

John Townsend, Samuel Stevens, Friend Humphrey, Rufus H. King,

Andrew White, John Q. Wilson, James McNaughton.
ALBANY AND BETHLEHEM TURNPIKE COMPANY. At an election of
this company, the following persons were chosen directors :

M. T. Reynolds. Philip S. Van Rensselaer, Will, am McHarg, Joel

Rathbone, John V. L. Pruyn, Robert Boyd, Ezra P. Prentice, George
Dexter, Samuel H. Ransom.
Inspectors John McHarg, Joseph T. Rice jr., Edwin R. Herrick.
ALBANY AND SANDLAKE PLANK ROAD. At a meeting of the stock-
holders of this company on the first Sept. 1849, the following persons
were elected officers for the ensuing year :

Richard J.Knowlton, Gideon Bulls and Samuel R. Fox of the town

of Sandlake; Dewilt C Deforest and James Dearstyne of the town of
Grenibush John V. L. Pruyn, William Smith. Stephen B. Gresory and
;

Archibald McClure of the city of Albany ; and John Defreest, Cornelius

Dearstyne and Samuel S. Fowler, inspectors of the next election.
 Corporations and Associations. 321
ALBANY AND SCHENECTADY RAILROAD At a meeting of the stock-
holders on the 13th June, the followins gentlemen were elected directors*
Jnhn T. Norton, Watts Sherman, Rufus H. Kins:, G. Y. Lansing, H.
H. Martin, H Pumnelly, Augustus James anl Lyman Chapin of Al-
bany, and Richard H. Wjnslow of the city of New- York.
At a subsequpnt rneetins, John T.Norton was unanimously elected
president, and Watts Sherman vice-president.
ALBANY AND SCHENECTADY TURNPIKE COMPANY. At an election
held January 2. the following gentlemen were elected directors of this
compnny for th.e ensuing year :

Tennis Van Vechten, Siephen Van Rensselaer, John J. Boyd. Dnvid

Newlan 1, John Tovvnen;J, Benjamin Tibbits, John Constable, Andrew

E. Brown. J. H. Ten Eyck.

T. Van Vechten, president: B. Tibbits, secretary.
ALBANY AND WEST-STOCKBRITGE RAILROAD. At a meetins: of the
stockholders, the following gentlemen were elected directors for the en-
suing ye^r :

M-ircus T. Reynolds, Thomas W. Olcott, Tennis Van Vechten, Friend

Humphrey, Lewis Benedict, John V. L. PrujB, George Dexter, Samuel
t>. Fowler, William H. Tobey, George Bliss and Addison Gilmore.
FORT-HUNTER AND ALBANY PLANK RoAD COMPANY. At a meeting
of stockholders, held at Blood's Hotel on the 16th August, the following
gentlemen were elected directors for the ensuing year, viz:
John Town^end, Robert J. Hilton and James D. Wasson of Ihe city of
Albany; Israel It. Green, Silas H. M*rsh and James Frost of Duanes-
bnrsh and Peter I.Enders, David Johnson and Samuel C.Jackson of
;

Florida.

GREAT WESTERN TURNPIKE ROAD The following persons are di-

Company of theGieat Western Turnpike Road:
rectors of the First
Teunis Van Vechten. Gerrit Y. Lansing, John V. L. Pruyn, John
Townsend, Robert J. Hilton, John T. Cooper, Jacob H. Ten Eyck,
Robert H. Pruyn, Stephen Groesbeeck, William C. Miller, John L.
Schoolcraft, James D. Wasson, Andrew White.
UTICA AND SCHENECTADY RAILROAD The following gentlemen were
elected directors of the Utica and Schenectady Railroad for the ensuing
year :

Devereux, Nathaniel S. Benton, AlonzoC.

Erristus Corning, Nicholas
Paitre.John Tnwnsend, James Hooker, Thomas W. Olcott, Marcus T.
Reynolds, Gardner G Howlnnd, J. Phillips Phoenix, E. T. T.Martin,
Livingston Spraker, John Ellis.
MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY OF THE CITY AND COUNTY OF ALBANY.
The following gentlemen were elected directors of this company for
the enuine year :

Erastns Cornins. Friend Humphrey, Barent P. Staats, Eli Perry,

Watts Sherman, H^nry H. Martin, John Knower, Ellis Baker. Joshua
G. Cnlrell, Daniel Fry, Giles Sanford. Jared A. Post, Artemas Fish.
At a subsequent meeting of the board, Erastus Corning was reflected
president, and Friend Humphrey elected vice-president of the company.
 322 An Albany Merchant's Stock in 1790.
BOARD OF SUPERVISORS. The Board, during its meeting on the 4jh
May, 1849, made the following appointments :

Samuel Pruyn, chairman; Jas. M. Whelpley, clerk Howard Town- ;

send, county physician ;

Alexander McDonald, doorkeeper.

AN ALBANY MERCHANT'S STOCK IN 1790.

The following is an exact copy of the advertisement of an eminent
merchant doing business in this city sixty years ago. It will be seen
how many articles of that day have become obsolete, or changed their
names.

Robert M'Clallen,
No. 10 State Street, north-west corner of Green Street, Albany,
H'ss lately imported in the Goliah, Capt. Jones, from London, a large
and general assortment of GOODS, suitable for the present season,
which he will dispose of, wholesale and retail, at a very low advance,
viz:

second and coarse Durants, Calimancoes and moreens :

SUPERFINE,
cloths with trimmings suitable; Brown, blue and striped camblets ;

Drab, mix'd and blue Yorkshire Irish Linens ;

Plains ; variety of purple and chintz
Black satinetts and lasting? shawls; ;

Green, blue and drab Halfthicks Dark blue and spotted cotton hand-
;

Scarlet cloaking with Trimmings kerchiefs ; ;

Mixt, blue and claret twill'd coat- Chintzes and calicoes ;

ings ;
Black fring'd Handkerchiefs ;

Claret, red and mix'd plain do. Men's and boy's castor and felt hats;
. 2, 2\ and 3 point blankets Plated shoe and knee buckles
; ;

Striped do. Common brass and steel do.

Men's ribb'd and plain while and Bar lead ;

black worsted hose ;

Duck and Pigeon shot ;
and cotton do.
Ditto, striped, silk Gun powder;
Blue, yellow, green, red &c white London pewter;
flannels ;
Dutch tea-pots ;

Green, red and blue broad baize; With a variety of other articles.
Drab, blue, mixt and green single- Also, a constant supply of
folded naps ; LIQUORS AND GROCERIES ;

Imperial and basket buttons Swede's iron Crawley & blister'd

; ;

Fashionable and common coat and steel ;

vest buttons; Common rum ;

Velvet and worsted toilonette vestj Window glass, 6 by 8, 7 by 9 & 8

patterns ; by 10.
Purple and garnet wildbores ; Pots and pearl ashes, staves, and
Plain and twill'd olive velvets ;
other kinds of country produce ta-
Corduroys and superfine th'icksetts; ken in payment.
 Imprisonment for Debt. 323
Besides those enumerated in this advertisement, other merchants men-
tion the following articles, equally curious for their names:

Tammies, Black Swanskin,

Persians and Pelongs, Camlets and Camletees,
Osnabrigs, Bed bunts,
Women's shammy gloves and mits, Dowlass and Woolen checks
Cruel of all colors, Leather breeches,
None-so-pretty do., Black everlastings,
Plain and spotted Swanskin, Silk Damascus and Lorettas,
Faggot trimming, Ticklenburghs,
Blue sagatha, Moseens,
Bandanoe, ^ ^ Buff and White Royal Rib, excellent
LungeeRomals, I
g for Breeches and Jackets,
Culgee, I
gj Buff and olive Cotton Denim,
Setetersoy, ^
nT Swandown Counterpanes.
Denmark fancy, Drab Forest cloth,
Pullicat silk, ~-
I Printed Velvets.
Croncard muslin, ) </?

In a lecture delivered some two or three years ago, by the Hon. Mr.
Sturges, of Boston, on trade and finances, he referred to the singular
changes of the fashions. Nankeens, said he, were once imported in
large quantities. As late as 1820 there were one million of dollars worth
imported now there is none. In 1806 Canton crape was first used ; in
1810, ten cases were imported in 1816, there were 21,000 irfeces j in
1826 the importations amounted to a million and a half of dollars and
;

in 1842 the article was not imported ! Yet the country has lost nothing
by the caprice of fashion, c.s our country women appear as lovely in
ninepenny Lowell calico, as in Canton crape.
Silk was once imported in large quantities from China ; a cargo of
near a million dollars worth was once landed in this country, and now
the whole yearly importations from China amount to less than $100,000.
Great changes have also taken place in regard to the pay of our Chinese
importations. In 1818, $7,000.000 in specie were carried to China, but
now our purchases are paid for in bills of exchange on England, from the
proceeds of the opium trade. The fur trade was commenced in 1787, an$
in 1808 there were fifteen Americans engaged in it, and now it has
ceased altogether.

IMPRISONMENT FOR DEBT.

The prisoners confined for debt in the City Hall, which was the jail
also, celebrated the 5th July, 1790 (the 4th being Sunday.) There was
an allusion to the 15lh year of American independence, and their confine-
ment for debt. Their fifth toast was: "May the time come when no
honest man shall be confined for debt." The time did arrive, in less than
ha.lf a century, when not even the dishonest man was confined far debt,
324 Hudson River.

HUDSON RIVER.
This river bears the name of one of the early navigators, who united
invincible forli'.ude to unwearied assiduity, and who is identified with,
its history. "This noble river was first discovered by Henry Hudson,
in 1609, while in the employ of the Dutch East India Company. By
some it is believed that he sailed up that river as far as the present site
of the cily of Albany, in a small vessel called the Half Moon but, it is
;

doubtful if any visions of futurity presented to his mind the present im-
portance and colebrity of this beautiful stream, bearing his own name."
It rises from numerous sources in the Adirondack mountain region of
Essex and Hamilton counties, west of Lakes George and Chnmplain.
Its principal head branches are the Adirondack river, Boreas river,
Indian river. Schroon river and the Sacandaga river the Hoosick river
;

flows into it from the east in the county of Rensselaer, and the Mohawk
empiies into it between the counties of Albany and Saratoga from this
;

point it is navigable to its mouth, a distance of 160 miles. Its whole

length is 320 miles ;
the tide flowing up for about half that distance.
On the upper part of this river, justly celebrated for its varied nnd ro-
mantic beauties, are several picturesque falls, of which Baker's Falls
and Glen's Falls are the most noted. The region of country where it
takes its rise, was but little known until of late. In 1836. the state
geologists, under an act io provide for a geological survey of the state of
New York, commenced their operations since then this vast wilderness
;

has been fully explored, new localities discovered, and new names given;
thus furnishing a great mass of information in regard to the sources of
this river, and the mountain region Irom whence it takes its rise. Here
are mountain peaks of Alpine appearance, containing vast deposits of
iron ore and other minerals, well worthy a visit by the scientific admirers
of wild and romantic scenery. In the head waters of the Hudson, are
to be found trout, and other fish of fine flavor, in great abundance; and
in its tide waters are taken annually large quantities of shnd, herring,
bass, sturgeon and many other kinds of fish. From its mouth to the city
of Hudson, a distance of 116 miles, it is navigable for ships of a large
burthen, and to Albany and Troy for steam boats of a large class.
When we reflect that this important river receives the tributary waters
of the great western and northern hikes, by means of the Erie and Cham-
plain canals,
and then commingles with the Atlantic ocean, after pass-
ing the Highlands, the Palisades, and through the secure and spacious
bay of New York, well may we give it the appellation of the NOBLE
HUDSON DlsturnelVs Gazetteer.
The combined action of the tides, arriving in the Hudson by East ri-
ver and the Narrows, at differei t periods, carries the swell upward at
the rate of 15 to near 25 miles an hour and this circumstance clearly
;

evinces a high superioritv of oceanic influence in the Hudson. Swift

sailing vessels, leaving New York at \oung flood, have repeatedly run
through to Albany with the same flood tide. The time of high wstrr is
the same at Pollopell ig'and. at the northern lin.it of the Highlands, as
at New York; at Albany it is 3 hours 30 minutes later, where the common
tides are litcle more than one foot. The passage of this river through
the Highlands, without any impediment to its navigation, save that of a
 Books in 1772. 325
crooked though deep, and in some places a narrow channel, is a singular
fact in geography, and it affords a pleasing diversity of scenery The
Highlands are ahout sixteen miles wide, and their hi'ls and mountains
present many features of vast sublimity. The water is but sel-lom salt
or brackish at Poughkeepsie, an.l water casks are often filled below the
Highlands. Much has been said ahout exlendins sloop navigation up-
ward, on this river, above where nature lias placed its limit, and im-
mense sums of money have been expended, to little pui pose. Few
rivers roll down so much alluvial matter as the Hudson. ?aj between
Waterford and the head of ship navigation, and this alluvion increases
with the opening of the land adjoining, and the decrease of the waters in
the Hudson. While the Brutenkill, Hoosac liver, and the Mohawk,
pour in their alluvion, it will be a very hur-l matter to make the navi-
gation better than nature has made it. We may remove a sand-bar in
one place, at the expense of obstructions in some other place, but all this
alluvial matter will rest somewhere. The quantity is increasing and
will increase, till a different plan is adopted, which s>hall carry this allu.
vion farther down the river. This may be done by throwing in al! (he
water of the Mohawk at Waterford, connecting the islands by piers or
moles, so as to make as straight and narrow a i-hannel as may he. and
a strong current, to the deep tide waters below. Spafford's Gazetteer.

BOOKS IN 1772.
The literature vended at this day seems
to have been confined to a very
limited number of books promiscuously arranged in the caialognes of
other goods. For instance, JOHN HEUGHAN of Sehenrctady. advertises
"
Scotch Snuff, Tobacco, Bibles, Testaments Spelling Boiks, Knives and
Forks, Writing Paper, Ink Powder, Quills, Razors, "&c. JAMESGOXTR-
LAY & Co in Uheapside street, next door to the king's arms, Albany, af-
ter a copious enumeration of articles, arrive at "
Penknives, Pin*, Bibles,
Testaments, Spelling Books. Green and Bohea Tea. Cotton, Pepper, Cho-
1

colate, Play ins; Cards,' Miirt Buttons, Curtain Calicoes, Ink Powder,
Knee Garters," &c. THOMAS BARRY, near the Dutch Church, had
Pins, None-so pretty of different colors, Testaments, Spelling Books,
Histories, Black Breeches Patterns," &c.
1735, un Jer the head of -Iry goods, were advertised by THOMAS BARRY
'
at his store near the Dutch Church," as
ju>t imported from Europe
an now opening forsale, Bib'es, Testaments, Spelling Books, Primers,
I

and Entick's Pocket Dictionaries. Snuff, Tohacco boxes and fiddle strings,
rattmetts and shalloons, best China and love ribbons, &.(*. Jftc. At ihe
same time ROHINSON &. HALE advertise Bibles with Psalms and Ps-alrn
books, Testament* and Spelling Books, Primersand Pocket Dictionaries,
Young Men's Companions and Arithmetics, which are enumerated rather
fantastically with red China tea pots, and shoemaker's tools.
328 Closing and Opening of the Rivet.

CLOSING AND OPENING OF THE RIVER SINCE 1785.

From the Annual Report of the Regents of the University.

Winters
 Closing and Opening of the River. 327
1833-34
 323 Incidents of a Northern Winter.

1S43, April 13. Utica.

1844, March IS. 11 A. M., Utica.
1845, February 24, steamboat Norwich at 1 A. M., from York. New
Left ihrtt cily on the 22d, at 8 p. M. River full of ice from West Point
a small portion that
upwards. Ice opposite Albany, stationary, except
broke away yesterday opposite Lydius street.
1846, March 18, steamboat Columbia and Oneida arrived.
1847, April 7, steamboat Columbia.
184?, March 22, steamboat Admiral.
1849, March 18, steamboat Columbia.

INCIDENTS OF A NORTHERN WINTER.

From the Albany Argus
1848, January 1. Weather mild and rainy. Lake Champlain clear
of ice
January 2. Steamboats Norwich and Columbia arrived from New
York.
January 7. Weather cold and fine Thermometer marked 4 degrees
above zero. Columbia left for New York at 1 o'clock, last boat.
January 9. Snow 6 to 8 inches deep. Steamboat landed mail at New
Baltimore.
January 10. Thermometer marked zero at 7 o'clock, A. M.
January 11. Thermometers at Albany, 17 to IS below zero. At Am-
sterdam, 36 below. Rochester, 8 below. New York
Troy, 16 below.
and Brooklyn, 3 above. Boston, 10 below. Fryburgh, Me., 36 to 39
below. Franconia, N. H., 45 below. The steamboat Columbia, which
left New York the night before, was compelled to return after running
up the river 30 miles.
January 14 and 15. A
general thaw. Weather continued to be warm
the rest of the month-
February 1. Four to six inches of snow fell.
February 2. Weather warm again.
February 4. The steamboat Columbia came within two miles of Al-
bany.
Fdbruary 5. Snow fell to a considerable depth.
February 6. Snowed most of the day. Steamboat came to Coey-
mans.
February 9. Thermometer at zero. Hudson closed to Newburgh.
February 11. Thermometer at zero.
February 12, Floating ice in New York harbor, for the first time
this winter.
February 19. Blue birds seen at Bloomingdale, New York.
February 20. Heavy rain storm from the south.
February 23. Steam ferry boat Boston, crossed to East Albany.
February 24. Weather very cold again thermometer five degrees
;

above zero.
February 28. River open to Hudson.
March 3. Snow storm all day.
March 9. About a foot of snow fell during the night.
 Opening and Closing of the Canal. 329
March 12. Thermometer 10 degrees below zero.
March 15. Thermometer at zero at 7 A. M. At Schenectady seven
below.
March 16 and 17. Thermometer at zero.
March 18. Thermometer 23 degrees above zero.
March 21. Steamboat Columbia at Van Wie's Point.
March 22. Ice passed out of the river. Steamboat Admiral arrived
at Albany.

OPENING AND CLOSING OF THE CANAL FROM 1824 TO

1349 INCLUSIVE.
The following table shows the days of opening and closing of the
canal since 1824:
Year.
330 Celebration of the Adoption of the Constitution.

CELEBRATION OF THE ADOPTION OF THE CONSTITU-

TION, 1788.

The delegates nominated by the two parties for the convention to de-
cide on the adoption of the federal constitution, were the following :

FEDERAL. ANTI-FEDERAL.
Abraham Ten Broeck, Robert Yates,
Jacob Cuyler, John Lansing, jr.
Francis Nicoll, Henry Oothoudt,
Jeronemus Hoogland, Peter Vrooman,
Peter Gansevoort, jr Israel Thompson,
James Gordon, Anthony Ten Eyck,
John W. Schermerhorn. Dirk Swart,

By the returns from the counties of Albany, Montgomery, Washing-ton,

Columbia, Dutchess, Ulster, and Orange, 37 anti-federal candidates were
elected to the convention for considering the United States Constitution.
The counties of New York, Weslchester, Kings, and Richmond, gave 19
federal. The counties of Queens sending 9. was divided. The whole
number of delegates sent was 67. In New York the vote was decidedly
federal; some of the opposite candidates receiving only 30 votes and the
highest, which was given for Gov. Clinton, being but 134. The following
is the canvass of the votes for the federal delegates, and will show the
strength of the electors in that city, at that period.
FEDERAL. ANTI -FEDERAL.
John Jay, 2735 Gov. Clinton, 134
Richard Morris, 2716 Col. Willett, 108
John Sloss Hobart, 2713 William Dunning, 102
Alex. Hamilton, 2713 The remainder each about 30
Robt. R. Livingston, 2712
Isaac Rosevelt, 2701
James Duane, 2680
Richard Harrison, 2677
Nicholas Low. 2651

The Convention came to a decision on the 26th July 1783, yeas 30, nays
17; by which New York adopted the Constitution, being the llth
on the catalogue.
When the vote was taken in congress 11 states were represented the ;

two members from Rhode Island were excused from voting, and of the
22 members remaining there was but one dissenting voice, which was
that of Mr. Yales, member from New York the other New York mem-
ber, Mr. L'Hommedieu, voting in the affirmative.
The city of Albany, not to be behind her sister cities in patriotic
display, set apart the 8th of Aueust as a day of public rejoicings, to
celebrate the ratification of the constitution of the United Stales by the
Conveniion of the state of New York Almost every trade and profession
seems to have united in the jubilee, with appropriate emblems, and
formed a truly imposing procession, notwithstanding the preponder-
ance of the anti-federal party at the polls. A page of the Gazette of
August 28, is occupied with the proceedings, as follows :
 Celebration of the Adoption of the Constitution. 331
Account of the rejoicings in the city of Albany, on Friday, August 8,
1788, on celebrating the Ratification of the Constitution for the Gov-
ernment of the United States, by the Convention of the State of New
Yorfc.
At sunrise, a gun was fired to announce the day.
At 10 o'clock, A. M., 11 guns were fired for the citizens to assemble
in the fields near Waiervliet.
At 1C4 o'clock, one gun for forming the procession.
At 11, the procession was formed, when the whole line on the march
saluted the Constitution.
Immediately after the salute, the procession moved, in the following
order :

The Albany troop of Light Horse, in full uniform, commanded by

Captain Gansevoort.
Music.
The CONSTITUTION, neatly engrossed on parchment, suspended on a
decorated staff, and borne by Major General ScLuyler, on horseback.
Standard of the United Stn.tes, carried by Colonel John A. Wendell.
Eleven ancient citizens, each representing a state that had ratified
the Constitution, bearing a scroll of parchment, with the name of the
state endorsed in capitals.
AXEMEN: ornamented with garlands of laurels.
An elegant plough, guided by Stephen Van Rensselaer, Esq.
SOWERS John Cuyler, Esq., and Capt. Jacob Lansing.
:

A neat harrow, guided by Francis Nicoll, Esq.

FARMERS neatly dressed, with various implements of husbandry.
:

FARMERS' FLAG Geen silk a sheaf of wheat. Motto God speed

:

the plough.
BREWERS preceded by a dray carrying a butt.
:

CARPENTERS preceded by a carriage drawn by two horses, on which

:

was erected a workshop 14 feet by 7 highly decorated. The flag of

;

crimson with a coat of arms. Motto We unite.

silk,
GOLD AND SILVERSMITHS preceded by a carriage bearing a Gold and
:

Silversmith's shop, 12 feet by 7 covered with a canopy supported by

pillars 7 feet high. All the implements of art in the shop, and three
artists and an apprentice industriously employed. Flag, blue silk with
a coat of arms.
BOAT BUILDERS with their tools decorated.
:

TINMEN AND PEWTERERS: with implements of their craft ornamented.

BLOCK AND PUMPMAKERS with their tools ornamented.
:

BLACKSMITHS A carriage, drawn by six horses, supporting a black-

:

smith's shop 14 feet by 8, containing a forge, bellows, and all the

apparatus of the trade, one sledge man, two vice men, one clink, all at
work; who made and completed during the procession, a set of plough-
irons, a set of scythe mountings, two axes, and shoes for three horses,
and followed by master workmen. The flag, black silk with coat of
arms. Motto
With hammer in hand,
All arts do stand.

CLOCK AND WATCHMAKERS : An apprentice bearing an embellished

eight-day time piece.
SAIL MAKERS.
332 Celebration of the Adoption of the Constitution.
BARBERS: handsomely dressed, bearing implements of their craft,
decorated. Flag, white silk and coat of arms. Motto Honor and
Honesty.
BAKERS properly dressed, bearing implements of their art, decorated
:

an escutcheon, a lonf ornamented.

NAILERS each wearing a clean white apron, preceded by a carriage
:

drawn by four horses, supporting a nailer's shop, 11 by 9 nailers at

work. Flag blue silk, coat of arms. Motto
With hammer and heart,
We'll support our part.
CLOTHIERS.
TOBACCONISTS: dressed in white frocks, each carrying a hand of
tobacco decorated with ribands.
CARMEN In proper dress, preceded by a horse and cart carrying a
:

hogshead marked l^o. 11. Flag while silk, and coat of arms. Motto
We hope God.
to rest in
SHIP JOINERS AND SHIPWRIGHTS : With implements of their art orna-
mented.
RIGGERS.
HATTERS With decorated tools, preceded by a flag, carried by Mr.
:

Solomon Allen. Coat of arms. Motto Success to American Manu-

factures.
INSPECTORS OF FLOUR.
MILLERS, in proper dress.
WEAVERS Bearing shuttles decorated. Flag, purple silk, with coat
:

of arms. Motto Weave truth with trust.

PRINTERS: Preceded by apprentices, decorated with blue sashes,
carrying volumes of newspapers. A white silk flag carried by Charles
R. Webster ;*fn an escutcheon, the Bible, the Constitution, Sept. 1787,
Ratification of the State o! New York, July 26, 1788. On a wreath a
hand holding a composing stick, proper. Motto Our freedom is secured.
Mr. Webster, and Stoddard* and Babcockf, apprentices, decorated
with blue sashes, carrying quires of paper, &c.
PAINTERS AND GLAZIERS.
TAILORS Ornamented with yellow sashes and cockades, wearing
;

green aprons, preceded by Messrs. Henry and Gibson. A flag of green

silk, with a coat of arms. Motto Concordia parva res ere* cunt.
COACH MAKERS Preceded by a flag of blue silk and coat of arms.
:

Motto Post nubila Phozbus ; followed by a carriage drawn by four

horses, on which was erected a large workshop, handsomely decorated,
with several men at work, who framed a coach and put several wheels
together.
TURNERS: properly dressed, preceded by a flag of pink colored silk,
with a coat of arms. Motto
We turn to serve the common weal,
And drive the trade with skill and zeal.

MASONS and BRICKLAYERS. In their proper dress, carrying the imple-

:

ments of their trade ornamented. Flaff blue silk with coat of arms.
SADDLERS antl HARNESS MAKERS With implements of their craft.
:

A flag of blue silk with coat of arms. Motto Our trust is in God.
* Printer in Hudson. t Printer in Lansingburgh,
 Celebration of the Adoption of the Constitution. 333
TANNERS and CURRIERS Carrying the implements of their branches,
:

decorated. A with coat of arms.

flag of pink silk,
BRASS FOUNDERS: Neaily dressed in green aprons and white cock-
ades, carrying implements of the profession, preceded by an air furnace
neatly constructed.
COOPERS Preceded by Benjamin Winne, aged 84 years ; on a car-
:

riage drawn by 4 horses, a cooper shop, well constructed, ornamented

with 11 pillars, each crowned with a cask several men at work. Flag,
:

carried by Mr. Robert Hewson, of red silk, with coat of arms.

BUTCHERS: In uniform of white frocks and blue sashes, driving 2
beautiful oxen, ornamented with ribbands, preceded by music. Flag
blue silk, with coat of arms. Motto May we never want fat cattle.
CORDWAINERS A carriage drawn by
: 2 horses, on which a handsome
shop, 12 feet Jong and 6 wide was erected. In the shop, Mr. Freden-
rich and several journeymen and apprentices at work, dressed in white,
with aprons, yellow sashes and cockades The carriage was preceded by
Mr. David Groesbeck and Mr. Anthony Hallenbake, and followed by
masters, journeymen and apprentices Mr. Matthew Fryer carrying a
yellow silk flag with a coat of arms.
STATE STANDARD, carried by Major John D. P. Ten Eyck.
GLASS MAKERS Dressed in green, carrying various tools and
: imple-
ments of their profession globes, bottles and other specimens of their
manufactory.
A BATTEAU Elegantly painted and decorated on a carriage drawn
:
;

by two grey horses, neatly caparisoned, loaded with goods proper for the
Indian trade, navigated by a proper number of batteaumen furnished with
setting-poles, paddles, &,c.,
which were used with great skill during the
procession. Mr. Gerardus Lansingh, in the character of a trader, and
an Indian, properly dressed and ornamented, sitting in the stern. Dur-
ing the repast, the batteau made a voyage towards the Mohawk coun-
try, and returned with a full cargo of peltry.
CAPTAINS OF VESSELS: Preceded by Capt. Philip Lansing, carrying a
flag of blue silk, on which was a sloop without sails. Motto " God
sends sails."
MERCHANTS and TRADERS, with their clerks, preceded by Mr. Jacob
Cuyler, carrying a white flag, in an escutcheon, one ship inward and
another outward bound supported by two sheaves of wheat. Motto
May our exports exceed our imports.
The CORPORATIONS of the Dutch, Episcopal and Presbyterian Church-
es, preceded by the Clergy.
Sheriff and his deputies, with white wands.
Constables with their staves.
Grand Jury.
Members of Corporation.
Judges and Justices of Common Pleas.
The Chancellor.
Gentlemen of the Bar. in gowns, followed by their students.
School masters, followed by their scholars.
Surveyor General
Adjutant General, and officers of Militia, in complete uniform.
Physicians and students.
Detachment of Artillery, commanded by Capt. Lieut. Hale. Stand-
ard blue silk, on which was a field piece, mortar, and burning shell.
 Celebration of the Adoption of the Constitution.
The PROCESSION moved with the greatest regularity through Watervliet,
Market, (now Broadway) and Slate street, to the FEDERAL BOWER
which the van reached at half past twelve o'clock, announced by the
firing of a gun.
This edifice made an highly elegant appearance. It was erected on
a most advantageous part of the heishis west of Fort Frederick com- ;

manding the most extended prospect of any situation near the city and ;

when the flags of the respective divisions were displayed on its liattle*
ments, that of the United States in the centre, that of the State on the
right, and the farmers on the left, the coup p'cetZ was extremely pleasing.
The edifice was 154 feet in length and 44 in breadth, and was raised
on 4 rows of pillars, 15 feet in height, which were close wreathed with
foliage and composed of 11 arches in front-
From the architrave, which was clothed with verdant branches, fes-
toons of foliage were suspended, which crossed the arches; above the
centre of which, were white oval medallions, with the name of a rati-
fying state on each.
When the procession had drawn up in a line, at the rear of the bower,
the company marched off, in regular divisions, to the tables, which were
plentifully covered with substantial American cheer; handsomely ar-
ranged under the direction of Mr. WM. VAN INGEN. And the tables,
which were eleven in number, placed across the collonade, in a line with
the arches, were by no means sufficient for the company.
After dinner, the following toasts were drank, each honored with the
discharge of eleven guns :
1. The United States.
2. The States which ratified the New Constitution.
3. The Convention of this State.
4. The Eleventh Pillar in the Federal edifice.
6. General Washington.
6. The friendly powers of Europe.
7. Agriculture and Commerce.
8. American Manufactures.
9. Inland navigation and the Fur trade restored.
10. The memory of those Heroes who have fallen in defence of Amer-
ican Liberty.
11. Concord and confidence at home, and respectability abroad.
12. May virtue, patriotism and harmony prevail, and discord be ban-
ished from all American councils.
13. Maythe union of the States be perpetual.
A gun was
fired, as a signal for again forming the procession, which
was done with the utmost regularity and dispatch The route then ta-
ken was down State street into Pearl street, and through it, Columbia
street, Market street and Court street, inlo a spacious pasture south of
Fort Orange ; where the whole formed a semicircle. After 11 guns
had been fired from the Fort, answered by three cheers from the whole,
the respective divisions marched off at intervals, and as they passed the
Fort, received a salute of a single gun, which they returned with three
cheers.
JAMESFAIRLIE, Esq., was the Marshal of the procession. His
assistants were THOS. L. WITBECK, CASPARUS HEWSON, JOHN CUYLER,
Jr., and JOHN BLEECKER.
 Centennial Anniversary. 335
It maybe mentioned, by way of episode, that when the procession
reached Green street, a party of ami-federalists, as they were then
called, who had collected there, made an assault upon it, and a skirmish
ensued. One of the principal actors in the scene was the late Mr. Jon-
athan Kidney. A cannon had been procured, and heavily charged and ;

the excitement was so great, trTat it would undoubtedly have been dis-
charged upon the line of procession, had not Mr. Kidney prevented it
by driving the end of a file into the fuse, and breaking it off. The light-
horse made a charge upon the assailants, wo scampered out of the way.
The projecting oven of the old Stone House was torn down to furnish
missiles, Among the wounded on the occasion was Mr. James Cald-
well, who received a brick upon his forehead.

The election of members of Assembly, terminated in the success of

the anti-Federa! B party, and seems to have been the first party struggle
growing out of the dissension on the question of the Constitution. The
vote of the two parties in the county of Albany, as canvassed by the
supervisors, on the 27th May, 1788, stood as follows. John Younglove
seems to have had the votes of both.
ANTI-FEDERAL. FEDERAL.
John Lansing, 3048 Stephen Van Rensselaer, .... 1953
Jeremiah Van Rensselaer, .. 3042 Leonard Gansevoort, 1888
John Duncan 2990 Richard Sill, 1877
Cornelius Van Dyck, 3033 Hezekiah Van Orden, 1871
John Thompson, 3006 John Knickerbacker, 1868
Henry K. Van Rensselaer, .. 2911 Isaac Vrooman, 1851
John Younglove 4807

CENTENNIAL ANNIVERSARY.
On Saturday, the 22d day of July, 1786, the corporation and citizens
of Albany celebrated the Centennial Anniversary of the charter of the
''
city. At 11 o'clock the corporation convened in the council chamber,
at the City Hall, where they were joined by a great number of citizens ;

when the bells of the several churches began to ring, they marched in
procession westward of the city, where a number of toasts were drank,
under the discharge of cannon from the Fort."
The order of procession was as follows 1, The Sheriff; 2, Under
:

Sheriff 3, Constables; 4, Mayor 5, Recorder; 6. Aldermen; 7, As-

;
;

sistants 8, Clerk and Chamberlain

; 9, City Marshal
; 10, The Minis-
;

ters, Elders and Deacons of the Dutch, Lutheran, Episcopal, Pres-

byterian and German Churches; 11, Fire and Engine Companies; 12,
Members of the Legislature, Judges. Justices, and Counsellors at Law;
13, Officers of the Army and Militia 14, Citizens at large.
;
In addi-
" the
tion to the above, we are told that countenances of the inhabit-
ants bespoke great satisfaction on the occasion."
336 Memoranda of 1784-5.

MEMORANDA OF 1784-5.

In the year 1784, the post-office at Albany served for the adjoining
towns not only, as Schenectady and Greenbush, but also for Orange and
Dutchess counties, Cherry Valley, Pleasant Valley, &c., and Vermont.
By the post-office arrangements, two years afterwards, the New- York
mail arrived twice a week. Wednesdays and Saturdays, at 8 o'clock P.
M.j and two hours after its receipt, the down mail was made up and
forwarded.
On the 7th of October, the Marquis Lafayette arrived in the city, on
his return from Fort Stanwix, where he had been to attend the Inrlian
treaty. On Friday morning he left for Boston, by the way of Hartford,
which latter place he reached on the following Monday a journey
which may now be made in about nine hours.
The city ordinance regnlating the Ferry rates, was as follows :

For transporting every person across, except a sucking child, 2 coppers.

For every man, ox, horse or cow, . .
,
. .9 pence.
do. Jivesheep or lamb, 3 do.
do. dead do. .2 do.
do. barrel of rum, sugar, molasses, or other full brl., 6 do.
do.
do.
do.
pail of butter,
firkin or tub of butter,
wagon and two horses,
.... 1
2 do.
do.

8 shillings.
do. fullchest or trunk, 6 pence.
do. empty do. 5 coppers.
do. skipple of wheat or other grain, . . 1 do.
do.
do. chaise or chair and horse, ....
cwt. of lead, pewter or other metal, . . 4 do.
15 pence.
do.
do.
do.
saddle without a horse,
dozen pair shoes or boots,
do. steel traps,
... - 2 do.
6 do.
2 coppers.

And all other articles and things not enumerated, in the same propor-
tion to the rates above specified.
These rates were doubled after sunset until sunrise; and it was en-
joined upon the ferry master to keep at least two boats and a scow, two
of which should be constancy manned by four able hands.
The health of the city during the winter of 1784-5, was so remarka-
ble, that but one burial took place among the congregation of the Dutch
church from the 9th December to the 10th March, and that was a small
child accidently run over by a sleigh.
On Saturday the 30th April, 1785, the term of the Supreme Court
ended, when Petrus and Christian Cooper were convicted of robbery,
and Christian Loucks of horse stealing, all of whom received sentence
of death therefor. Two convicted of felony were admitted to benefit of
clergy, one whipped for petit larceny, and two discharged by proclama-
tion. The Coopers were hung on the 8th June, and died protesting
their innocence. Loucks was pardoned a few days before the time set
for his execution.
In June, 1785, a company of" stage- wagon" proprietors undertook to
make the land passage between New- York and Albany, " the most
easy and agreeable, as well as the most expeditious," by performing the
 Memoranda of 1784-5. 337
journey in two days, at 3d. a mile ; but in the fall of the year, ll for the
ease of passengers, "the time of performing the route was altered to three
' '

days, and the price raised to 4<. a mile, agreeable to act of Assembly."
This made two trips a week. No one imagined at that time, probably,
that the journey would ever be regularly performed in a single day. . v,.

Alexander Laverty," tayler from London, "advertises that " payments

will be made easy to those who will please employ him." His prices
were, for making a coat 14s. lapelled do, 16s. ; lapelled with slash
;

sleeves, 18s vest

;
and breeches 6s. 9d.
The price of bread in New York, as regulated by the common council,
was 1/6. l^oz. for 4 coppers 2lb. 5oz. for 8 coppers. Fine flour 24s.
;

per. cwt.
An ordinance was passed by the corporation for the extermination of
dogs, all of whom were to be killed in two days, under penalty of 8,
Which was to be recovered for the benefit of any person prosecuting.
On the 7th Nov. 1785, the Presbytery of New York ordained John
McDonald a minister of the gospel, and installed him pastor of the Pres-
byterian church in Albany. He was the last pastor who officiated in
the old wooden edifice then occupied by the first Presbyterian church near
the north east corner of Grand and Hudson streets.
The first theatrical performance in Albany was enacU-d by a company
from New York, having gained permission " for one month only," from
" his
excellency the governor." They occupied the hospital and the first
play was Venice Preserved, July 3, 1769.
Under date of Dec. 5, 1786, we learn from the Gazette, that " a num-
ber of carpenters for these somedays have been employed in fitting up
with great expedition the Hospital in this city, a? a Theatre." It opened
on the 14ih with Cross Purposes, and Catharine and Petruchio between;

which was a dance, La Polonaise, and An Eulogy on Freemasonry.

Tickets were to be had at Mr. Lewis's tavern, as no money would be
taken at the door. Boxes 8s. Gallery 4s. A vigorous effort was made
;

to discontinue these performances, by a large and respectable part of

community, but the common council determined by a vote of 6 to 4,
that they had no legal right to prohibit theatrical exhibitions in the city.
A whole number of the Gazette is taken up with the controversy, to
the exclusion of every other item.
On the 4th April, 1786, an act passed the legislature of the state of
New York for erecting the southeast part of the county of Albany into
a new county, by the name of Columbia.
At the July term of the Supreme Court, which closed its session on
the 5th of July, Caleb Gardner, convicted of passing counterfeit Spanish
dollars, received sentence ol death. Two we^ks afterwards the sheriff
advertised that the persons then under sentence of death in the City
Hall would be hanged on Friday, the 14th of September, and that any
person willing to undertake the execution was desired to apply to the
eaid sheriff.
338 Condition and Prospects of the City in 1789.

CONDITION AND PROSPECTS OF THE CITY IN 1789.

A writer in the Gazette of this year gives the following account of its

condition, improvements and prospects :

Every thinking man, who takes a retrospective view of this city, and
contemplates what it was seven or eight years aeo, and what it now is,
will be astonished at the improvements in the city, and the increase of
commerce, manufactures, &c., since that period. Then some of the
principal streets were shamefully neglected, without a pavement suffi-
cient even for a foot passenger to walk on, without annoying himself
with filth. We have a prospect, ere another year shall transpire, of
seeing the principal streets not only comfortably, but elegantly paved.
In addition to which, the wharves have been repaired and enlarged,
and the city adorned with several new private buildings, which would
not disgrace some of the principal cities in Europe, and would ornament
any in America.
At that period a competent English teacher was scarcely to be found.
We now havo an academy, which flourishes under the direction of Mr.
Merchant, a gentleman who has always given such proofs of his abili-
ities, as to render encomium entirely superfluous.
At that period not more than seventy, at the utmost calculation, shops
and stores were kept in this city. Now we behold Market and State
streets crowded with stores, and rents in those streets unhat ced to such
a degree as to put houses out of the reach of inconsiderable traders. Nor
had we manufactories of any kind, but depended on importation entire-
ly for every manufactured article. Now we see the citizens stimulated
by motives of public spirit, daily promoting them. Messrs. Stevenson,
Douw & Ten Eyck have erected a nail manufactory, in which nails of
every description are manufactured as cheap, and pronounced to be su-
perior to any imported.
^Much praise is also due to James Caldwell, of this city, merchant, for
his spirited exertions in promoting the manufacture of tobacco of
every
description, snuff, mustard and chocolate, for which purpose he has, at
great expense, erected mills which are ranked among the first in Amer-
ica and in which every article manufactured is of the best ingredients,
;

and allowed to be of superior quality

What a glorious prospect lies before us !A thriving city, situated in
the heart of a feitile, extensive and growing country, possessing all the
advantage* of trade that can be desired, united to the power (some
trivial inconveniences excepted) of
enjoying those of navigation. Such
are the blessings which Nature has bestowed on us. And I flatter my-
self I am not too sanguine, when I indulge the idea, that I shall live to
see the day when this city, adorned with every necessary public build-
ing, and other improvements, will become the fixed seat of government
of thp Legislature; shipping of considerable bulk, owned by our own
merchants, opening their canvas before our wharves, and wafting the
produce of our country to distant quarters of the globe in short, that
:

the city will wear an aspect as different from what it did seven years
ago, as twilight is from noon-day.
 A "Tobacco Establishment of 1790. 339

A TOBACCO ESTABLISHMENT OF 1790.

It is believed that Mr. JAMES CALDWELL was the first great tobacco
manufacturer of this region.
The editor of the Gazelle, in the fall of 1790, gave a description of
the recently erected tobacco works of this gentleman, prefaced by
some laudatory and prophetic remarks on the present and future condi-
" While we receive
tion of the city. daily accounts of the progress of
" it affords us a
manufactures in our infant country," he says, singular
pleasure to have it in our power to present the flattering prospects we
have of vieing in this respect with any other town on the continent. As
the peculiar advantages of our situation entitle us to look forward to the
period when a commerce, great beyond calculation, must circiilate through
this place, we have equal reasons, from the advances already made, to
anticipate the flourishing state of our manufactures." Tl.e establish-
ment recently put in operation by Mr. Caldwell is selected as an in-
stance of the enterprise of the day the site of which was occupied for
the same purpose, by his partner and successor Mr. Solomons, until
about twenty years ago.
" The
buildings belonging to these works extend on a line along the
front about 2UO leet. That part which contains the machinery of the
mills is 42 feet front. One water-wheel of 3 feet wide with 1^ inches
water, by an upright shaft puts in motion the snuff-mill, which consists
of 4 mortars, 16 rollers, and a snuff bolt. A mustard mill, with 2 large
rollers, 4 mortars and stampers ;
a charcoal mill, with a run of Mones
and cocoa-roaster an engine for cutting smoking tobacco; a machine
5

for cutting tobacco for the snuff-mill ;

and a larse grindstone for the use
of the works. It likewise gives motion to an elegant colossal figure of
a man, represented in the act of turning a winch, from which all the
machinery apparently receives motion.
"The tobacco is pressed and brought to the knife of the cutting ma*
chine on a plan entirely new, without manual labor. All these works,
together with a kiln for preparing the mustard seed, are on the first and
second floors. Any part may be set in motion or stopped without af-
fecting the others. On the third floor is a kiln for tobacco. Both kilns
are on a new and improved construction. Here aie a number of hands
constantly employed in packing snuff and tobacco. The house for dry-
ing and curing tobacco adjoins the mill on the west, and is 70 feet in
front. The fire-places are constructed with such improvements as not
to require one-fourth the wood commonly consumed for the like pur-
poses. The upper part is occupied as a store-room for tobacco. The
house on the west contains the tobacco manufactory on the lower floor
;

of which are nine complete presses, and a room where the tobacco is
formed into rolls, in a manner never before discovered, without either
pins or thorns of which invention the merit is solely due to the manu-
facturer. On the second floor the spinning is done, where 24 hands are
constantly employed in the various parts of the business. There is a
machine by which one boy can turn for five or six tables, and can stop
either, when occasion requires, without interrupting the rest. This last
improvement has been often attempted in Europe and America, but hat
never before been brought to the perfection it is here.
340 A Tobacco Establishment of 1790.
" The water is conveyed to the mills by a trench, and from thence
passes off by a subterraneous conduit, over which is the main road and ;

the water-wheel is so sheltered that neither can be perceived from the

inside or outside of the mill. Besides these buildings, there is an ele-
gant and commodious dwelling-house and several out-houses belonging
to the manufactory, all disposed in such a manner as to make a heauti-
ful appearance. They are situated about one mile from the centre of
the city, and 400 yards west from the mansion house of Stephen Van
Rensselaer, Esq., at the entrance of the delightful valley, through
which a never failing stream passes, that turns a number of other mills
within sight of each other.
"Mr. Christopher Batterman,* a young man, a native of Boston, is
the architect, to whose ingenuity the plan of the works, and the various
improvements in the execution are to be ascribed as he was solely en-
trusted by Mr. Caldwell with the construction of them. He intends to
make Albany his residence. The snuff mill is in such high perfection,
that by going only nine months in the year, more snuff can be produced,
it is said, than is consumed annually in the northern part of America.
We may add, without prejudice or vanity, that these works are supe-
rior to
any thing of the kind in America j and give evidence of an emu-
lation which will in a few years, in all probability, place Albany on a
footing with the first cities on the continent."

July 12, 1794. "The extensive and beautiful works, belonging to

Mr. Caldwell, situated about a mile north of this city, were entirely
consumed by fire, together with between five and six thousand pounds
worth of stock. The whole loss is estimated at upwards of 13,000.
The fire broke out between the hours of one and two in the morning of
Saturday, in the chorolate mill, but by what means il caught, no one is
able to determine. Nothing was saved of all that range, but one small
kitchen."
These works were soon rebuilt.

* He is believed to have been the ancestor of the Battermans residing in Guilder-

land having removed to the glass-works after this establishment was completed, where
;

he resided during his life, and left a large and valuable estate.
 Annals of Albany, 1849. 341

ANNALS OF ALBANY FOR THE YEAR 1849.

JANUARY.

1. Newyear; weather pleasant, and sleighing good Hon. Ha-

milton Fish and George W. Patterson, Governor and Lieut Governor
elect, inaugurated at the Capitol Michael McKown died of a
wound inflicted by William Maxsted, Dec. 9lh Total commit-
ments to the penitentiary for the year ending December last, 363 ; to
the jail, 1961.
2. Cold day mercury 2 above zero. An alarm of fire in the evening:
;

an unfinished building slightly damaged.* The Governor's message,

by means of the magnetic telegraph, was promulgated at the western
and southern extremities of the state simultaneously with its being read
in the Capitol.
4. A
convention of civil engineers met at the common council room
in the City Hall, to discuss a proposition for forming themselves into a
society The refectory of Adams &Welch entered by burglars.
5. Dr. Wing gave notice in the Assembly of a bill for the removal of
the Hallenbeck burial ground, corner of S. Pearl and Hamilton streets.
Benedict Lewis died, aged 66. John Paterson died, aged 76.
6. Peter Courtright died, aged 34 Mercury in the thermometer
sinking rapidly.
7. Warner Daniels junior, formerly of this city, died in New York,
aged 31. Mrs. Euphemia, wife of William Chambers, died, aged 31.
Mrs. Philo D. Lyon died Rev. Orville Dewey, D.D , having ac-
cepted an invitation to preach for the Unitarian Society one year, entered
upon the duties of his oflice Weather very cold, the mercury little
above zero Fahrenheit's scale.
8. Ice on the river one foot in thickness: By means of a temporary
bridge on to it at the foot of State street, an uninterrupted and safe
communication is formed with East Albany.
9. Willian Bradley Cole, a printer, from Albany, died at Nassau,
Bahama Islands, aged 27 Nineteen paintings and sixteen Allston
and Stewart medals, prizes allotted to the Albany members of the
American Art Union, arrived, and were exhibited at Little &. Co.'s
Bookstore Alderman Jenkins reported the following schedule of
the state of the City Railroad Sinking Fund, viz :Amount of sinking
fund, Jan. 1, 1849, $231,597-38. Loaned on bonds and mortgages on
property in the ciiy, $209,617-005 city stock, $20,000-00; cash in bank.
$1980-38.
10. The corporation directed application to be made to the legislature
for a law to designate the place of landing and departure of steamboats.
Dr. Fay, the almshouse physician, reported, that during the last
three months, 183 inmates required medical treatment, 122 of whom
\vere cured, 15 died, and 46 are still under treatment Receipts of
the Albany & Boston Railroad Company over those of last year, $6000.
11. Aggregate valuation of the real estate in the city, $8,209,957-00;
personal, $2,729,881-00; total, $10,939.838-00. Amount of taxes as-
29
342 Annals of Albany, 1849.
-

sessed for city purposes, $172,079'34; for county purposes, $71,463 10;
total, $243,542-44. Incorporated companies pay taxes on $2,004, 634'86 ;
private individuals, $725,24698 j total, $2,729,881-84 Meeting of
the Society for the relief of the poor, held in the Middle Dutch Church.
Amount of profits received at St. Vincent's Orphan Fair, held by
the Sisters of Charity, $3144.64 The coldest day yet; mercury
ranging from 8 to 12 below zero Dorothea, wife of Capt. James
Wilson, died, aged 35.
12. Amos
Pilsbury reappoinfed superintendent of the Penitentiary for
three years; and William W- Forsyth and Samuel Pruyn of the city, and
Gilbert J. Van Zandt of Watervliet, chosen directors for the same term.
The death of Rev. Noah Levings, D.D., former pastor of the
M. E. C. in Division street, was announced by telegraph The
store of H. D.Hawkins in Exchange street, and Griffin's eating house
in Green street, were entered by burglars.
13. Louisa, wife of W. W. Van Zandt, and daughter of W. Dowd,
died, aged 27 The Albany California Company left New York in
the ship Tarolinta Telegraph not in operation The gun-
smith shop of W. I. & R. H. Scott, in Beaver street, was partially injured
by fire.
14. Sarah E. Ford died, aged 25 Change of weather, resulting
in a January thaw. William Hill, a newsboy, fell through the ice,
but was rescued alive.
15. Hon. D. D. Barnard delivered an address in the court room at the
City Hall, on the Life and Character of the late Chief Justice Ambrose
Spencer The weather moist throughout the day, and rain at in-
tervals.
16. The
streets and sidewalks covered by a thick coating of ice.
Cynthia, wife of Brunson A. Baldwin, died, aged 25,
17. Prof.
Emmons delivered an address on Agricultural Science, in the assembly
chamber, before the Slate Agricultural Society John B. Gough
lectured before the State Temperance Convention Patrick Coyle,
Michael Flood and Peter Halpen were killed by gas escaping from a
pipe which they were repairing. Coyle was injured by the rope with
which he was lowering himself with intent to relieve the other two.
18. Fire among the wooden tenements on Quay, between Steuben and
Columbia streets; several of them burned Richard Mochrie, an
old inhabitant of the city, found dead in his bed Concert for the
benefit of the Mission Sabbath School, held in Dr. Campbell's Church,
Pearl street.
19. Nathaniel R. Packard died, aged 64 A fire broke out in the
block known as the Lumbermen's Exchange, at the Little Basin, and
consumed a part of it.
20. James McGrath junior died, aged 28.
21. Trinity Church, in Broad street, opened for divine service.
22. Christian Mary St. John died, aged 33., Alarm of fire caused
by the burning of a small frame building near Troy Iron works.
23. Frederick Fink, a well known artist of this city, died at his fa-
ther's residence at Liltlefalls. Lewis Farnham died, aged 23
Commencement of the Albany Medical College held number of students
:

about 100, of whom20 graduated, receiving the degree of M. D. Va-

ledictory address by Dr. Armsby.
 Annals of Albany, 1849. 343
24. James McCulloch died. Lawrence Courtright died, aged 38.
.... Six large buildings on the south side of Washington street, occupied
as dwellings and storehouses, were burnt.
25. Hardware store of Daniel Fry entered by burglars, who obtained
about one dollar in silver for their labor Rev. Dr. Halley, of Troy,
k<
delivered a lecture on the Probability of the planetary and stellar orbs
being inhabited," before the Young Men's Association, in the First
Presbyterian Church Mrs. Elizabeth Blake died, aged 24. George
McKenzie died, aaed62 Passengers by the Housatonic route, who
left New York at 8 A. M., arrived in the city at 5 p. M.
26. Weather quite mild for the season Mrs. Barbara Hamburgh
died, aged 45. Elizabeth McHarg, sister of the late John P. McHarg,
died at Bethlehem, aged 76. John C. Ostrander, formerly of Albany,
died at Boonville, Missouri, aged 45.
27. William Osborn arrested on a charge of setting fire to a building
in Washington street subsequently convicted.
:

28. Wells S. Hammond, esquire, of Cherry Valley, son of Hon. Jabez

D. Hammond, died suddenly at Stanwix Hall in this city.
30. An alarm of fire occasioned by the bursting of a camphene lamp,
Corner of South Pearl and Nucella streets.
31. Catherine O'Connor died. Child of Mrs. David Groesbeck died
in consequence of failing into hot water.

FEBRUARY, 1849.

1. Catharine, wife of Conrad Van Alen, died., Caucus was held

in the assembly chamber at the Capitol nominated Hon. William H-
:

Seward for U. S. senator, in the place of Hon. John A. Dix.

2. James Sayles's porter-house, in William street, was entered
by
burglars William Rennie drowned.
4. Jason Rudes died, aged 74. Prudence, wife of James Kelly, died.
5. Cornelius
Lynch died, aged 35.
6. Ship Robert Bowne sailed from New York for
California, with
twenty miners from Albany on board The New York State Medi-
cal Society met in the Capitol. A. H. Stevens, M. D., of N. York, was
reflected president and nearly all the other oflicers, also, were re-
;

elected Christopher Keeler died, aged 83.

7. Sale of the medical library of the late Dr. Eights.
8. Election of officers of the Young Men's Association for the
ensuing
year.
9. Isaac Ward, father of J. C. Ward, died.
10. The store of Philip Dunn, in State street, was robbed of about
$140: the robbers escaped.
12. Amos S. Fassett, late of this city, died at Vienna, Oneida county.
The house of Henry Switzer, 87 Herkimer street, was entered
and robbed of several articles of ladies' wearing apparel, &.c.
13. The Governor announced to the Legislature the donation of the
late Pope Gregory to the State Library, through M. Vattemare and
Bishop Hughes, in return for a copy of the Natural History of the State
transmitted to him. The donation includes engravings, &c., executed
by the best masters.
344 Amials of Albany, 1849.
14. At the suggestion of the Secretary of State, the Legislature took
some incipient steps for the publication of the documents illustrative of
the early history of the State, collected in England, France and Holland,
in 1839 The winter exhibition of the Albany and Rensselaer
Horticultural Society was held at the State Agricultural Rooms, State
street.
15. Francis Fiske died A pair of oxen from Wyoming county,
weighing nearly 5000 pounds, were exhibited and purchased by Mr. D.
D. Shaw.
16. Thermometer, at 5^ A M., at 1 1
. below zero .Mrs. Frances
Maria, wife of Mr. James R. Whyte, died, aged 53.
18. John Topp died, aged 49. William Kane died, aged 75.
19. Mrs. Sally White died, aged 58 Mr. C. Leach, of Eaton,
Madison county, sold, at Warford's cattle exchange, three oxen for
Brighton market, weighing over 2200 Ibs. each, at $9 per hundred
Dry goods store of Henry T. Mesick, 68 Washington street, was broken
open, and goods to the value of $300 stolen.
20. Jellis Winne junior, cashier of the Bank of Albany, resigned his
office on account of ill health.
21. Nathaniel Tarbell, aged about 37, was killed on the Troy road,
near the city, by the upsetting of the stage coach of which he was driver.
22. Washington's birthday celebrated. Members of the Legislature,
and several Albanians, partook of an annual dinner at Troy Mrs.
Ann Lydiott died.
23.Mrs. James Teelin of 37 Washington street, with two others, was
assaulted in the street, and robbed of a purse containing a small sum
of money.
24. Four inches of snow fell during the night Mr. Jennings, in
Green street, exhibited a hog weighing 949 Ibs. dressed.
25. The house near the Railroad Depot, known as Duff's Broadway
House, was totally destroyed by fire, the inmates barely escaping. A
neighboring house or two was injured.
27. Streets covered with ice and remnants of snow heaps walking
:

bad.. House of Mr. Traver, in Lodge street, robbed of a large

quantity of wearing apparel and some silver plate Thomas Lig-
gins, confined for grand larceny, made an unsuccessful attempt to break
jail.
28. The ladies of the Universalist Society held a tea party, for the
benefit of the funds of their church.

MARCH, 1849.

1. Dr. Pierce, of Brookline, Mass., the oldest graduate of Harvard

College, delivered a discourse in the First Presbyterian Church, on the
life and character of John Quincy Adams David Schwartz died,
aged 73.
2. A
valuable silver watch, with 15 or $20 in money, was stolen from
the house 67 Van Woert street.
3. C. P. Williams & Go's lumber office, a large
quanty of lumber,
and several valuable houses adjoining, were destroyed by fire
Mrs. Leslie, corner of Lumber and Water streets, was safely delivered
of four children, since dead.
 Annals of Albany, 1849. 345
4.Betsey, wife of Samuel Steele, died, aged 60. Mrs. Catharine
Hart died, aged 37. Catherine, wife of Adam Stewart, died, aged 30.
5. Inaugural address of President Taylor received by telegraph
The directors of the Albany Savings Bank reported $707,595'62 as the
amount of its deposils. most of which is in sums less than $100
Ann Alida, wife of Col. De Russy, died atFortress Munroe, after a short
illness, aged about 40. This lovely woman, says a correspondent of the
Evening Post, was the daughter of Isaac Denniston, esquire, of Albany,
and as amiable as she was lovely. No one acquainted with the society
of that city about twenty years since, can have forgotten how much this
lady was admired nor how, with two other ladies, connections of her
;

family, equally beautiful, though of differing styles of beauty, she was a

grace that attracted universal homage. It was not often that so much
personal elegance could be found in such close affinity. With a refined
taste, a Jove of letters, and a more than ordinary talent, this lady was the
''
cynosure of every eye.
:;
And now that she has passed away from the
friends who loved her, and the circle she adorned, we call to mind, with
the deepest emotion, those virtues, talents and attractions, which made
the morning of life so brilliant which drew around her in after years
;

the most devoted friends, and now enshrine her memory in hearts where
her living image was ever present.
7. Ice in the river said to be yet nearly three feet in thickness
A. J. Winters, a grocer from Albany, was killed in attempting to get
into the cars at Rome, Oneida county.
9. Jacob Featherly died, aged 25. Hannah, wife of Stephen Parsons,
died at New-Baltimore, agel 90.
11. James H. Crane died.
12.Christina, wife of Oliver H. Perry, died, aged 28. George H.
Scrafford died, aged 37. Thomas Dutson died, aged 63 canal A
was cut through the ice to East Albany, for the use of the Boston and
Albany ferry boat.
13. Mrs. Sylvester Topping died Weather quite spring-like. . .
A baker's sleigh, with two men and other loading, fell through the ice:
recovered.
14. Mrs. N. S. Washburn died. Mrs. Margaret Rankin, wife of John
Ogden Dey, formerly from Albany, died at Oakwood farm near Cayuga
Bridge, aged 47 A canal cut through the ice, for the use of the
Bath ferry boat.
Curtis Ware, aged 37, died.
16.
Steamer Columbia, Capt. Hulse, arrived about 11 P.M., making
17.
her way through the ice the first boat since the closing of the river in
;

December High Mass said in St. Mary's Church, in honor of St.

Patrick's anniversary Mrs. Mary Ann McGarvey died, aged 45.
19. Steamer Columbia left, heavily laden with passengers and freight
Peter McKenna died, aged 80.
20. James Branion died of consumption, aged 17. Mrs. Ann Groot
died in her 60th year.
21. The ice from the Mohawk floated past the city Steamer
Oregon came to the new landing place her first trip since the closing
;

of navigation Sloop Miriam of Albany, Capt. Johnson (a colored

man), arrived from New York in 17 hours Miss N. C. Brainard
died. Grace, wife of William Kennedy, died.
346 Annals of Albany, 1849.
22. Steamer Baltic, of Schuyler & Co.'s line, with the Trojan, be-
longing to Durant, Lathrop & Co., each with several boats in tow, left
for New York Steamer Isaac Newton arrived, the second boat
through The Evening Journal entered its twentieth year
Washington Hunt inaugurated as Comptroller.
23. Martin Van Alstyne, for many years a successful hardware mer-
chant in the city, died, aged 65 At the meeting held at the City
Hall, to take into consideration the frauds of the Canal Bank, Teunis
Van Vechten was chairman.
24. John I. Burton, aged 24, died. Michael Daley was found dead in
the street, having, in a fit of delirium, sprung from the second story
window of his house.
25. A wall in Liberty street, standing since the late fire, was blown
down, damaging several adjoining buildings Deborah, wife of
John Burton, died, aged 66.
26. A bill to establish a hospital in Albany passed the lower house:
question still pending in the Senate At the request of the super-
visors, the Legislature has recently abolished ward assessors, and sub-
stituted a board of three individuals Mr. John Hermans died in
the 29th year of his age. John Van Ness junior died.
27. Mary Bard, wife of R.S. Warren, died, aged 32 Mr. Saxton
lectured on California in the Assembly Chamber.
28. Jonathan Kidney, a soldier of the revolution, and one of the oldest
inhabitants of the city, died. ...... The boats from New York were
greatly impeded by a severe wind storm.
29. Rev. Stephen Bush and wife, from this city, as missionaries to
Siam, arrived at Batavia. Island of Java, in 98 days.
31. A machine for sewing and stitching was exhibited at the Mansion
House The finance committee of the Common Council reported
that the city debt, on the first of May last, was $877,896 00.

APKIL, 1849.
2. James Masters, of Rochester, had his pocket picked at the Western
Railroad Depot A barn and stable in Orange street, belonging to
Mr. H. Simons, were burned.
3. Hannah Beekman, widow of Peter Douw Beekman, died, aged 83.
The Canal Board announced a reduction in the rate of tolls on
corn, bloom iron, &c A destructive fire occurred, which burned
about ten houses on Water and Colonie streets.
4. Henry Williams died, aged 69 The Common Council appro-
priated $100 for an alarm bell at the Little Basin Mr. Bokee, of
the Senate, reported favorably on the bill for the removal of the Hallen-
beck burial ground The Legislature passed an act in relation to
the basin expenses.
5. Mary Ann, wife of Andrew D. Kirk, died About 25 houses
in North Lansing and Montgomery streets were destroyed by fire
The grand jury came into court with twenty indictments, four sealed...
A prisoner (Bill Barry) made an unsuccessful attempt to break jail.. . .

The ladies of the boatmen who worship at the Bethel presented their
pastor, Rev. John Miles, with a rich bedquilt.
 Annals of Albany, 1849. 347
Mary Ann, wife of Alexander Thompson, died, aged 19
P6. Easterbrook, from Albany, attempted to shoot his wife, and after-
wards himself, at the Howard-street Hotel, New York An attempt
was made to fire the carpenter shop in Montgomery street, opposite the
Bethel A woman, name not ascertained, was found dead near the
Delaware turnpike verdict of the jury, intemperance.
:

7. The city gave the members of the Legislature a complimentary

dinner at Congress Hall Samuel Gould, a colored fireman on board
the lolas, was killed while repairing the waterwheel.
8. The South Baptist Church, corner of Franklin &. Herkimer streets,
formerly owned by the Trinity Church, was opened for divine service
under the pastoral care of Rev. Mr. Wines The scholars under
the care of Miss Brainard, at Bethel Jacob, the Jewish synagogue in
Fulton street, held an exhibition George W. Stanton, president of
the Exchange Bank, ditJ, aged 69. Rensselaer Van Schelluyne died,
leaving an elder brother the last male descendant of an ancient and
wealthy family.
9. The public charity of the city treasury for coal, &c., delivered to
the poor, was $3102'87 less by $1816'42 than last year
;
Warren
Low, at the machine shop of C. Van Benthuysen, was carried up to the
ceiling by the belt, and much injured.
10. Edward M. Teall died. Adelaide M., wife of Jason Collier, died.
....... City election, resulting in the choice of the whig candidate for
mayor, Friend Humphrey.
12. John R. Black died, aged 78. Eleanor A., wife of Reuben Wil-
son, died, aged 21 Several counterfeiters arrested by officer Co-
well. Postmaster Wasson, and an agent of the General Post-office
identified a young man in Waterford as the robber of the northern mail,
who was committed to jail House No. 91 Hamilton street was
robbed of some wearing apparel An alarm of fire, caused by a
large conflagration at Troy Two horses before a brick wagon
near the South Ferry backed off the dock, and were drowned the driver
:

nearly shared the same fate The committee of the Assembly,

having in charge the case of Judge Harris with the Canal Bank, exo-
nerated him of any blame.
13. Rachel, widow of the late David P. Winne, died A spaa
of horses, belonging to John McEvoy, were killed at Cherry Hill by the
caving in of the bank which was being excavated.
15. The carpenter shop of Nathaniel Merrill, in Eagle slreet, with
the house adjoining, was burned down supposed by an incendiary
Alfred Dorr died, aged 43 Mrs. Rachel Douw Van Schelluyne died.
16. Law establishing a court of special sessions went into operation.
17. The new Common Council met : the mayor was sworn in, and
the appointments made nearly as last year Catherine, wife of*
William Francis, found dead in her bed.
18. Uriah St. John died, aged 21. Catherine, wife of James Riley,
died, aged 34. Catherine Nichols died.
19. Barent Haynn died, aged 68 A female infant, wrapped in
warm flannels, was found at the door of one of the legal gentlemen,
Capitol Park.
20. S. S. Randall, formerly deputy state superintendent, of common
schools, returned to the city from Virginia A meeting was held
348 Annals of Albany, 1849.
to organize the Albany and Schoharie Plank Road Company, Teunis
Van Vechten in the chair Hannegan died.
21. A semi-annual dividend of five per cent, declared on the capital
stock of the Mechanics' and Farmers' Bank.
22. Mrs. Irene Pierce died, aged 65. Charles H. Weller died
An unsuccessful attempt was made by incendiaries to set fire to H.
Knapp's store on Quay street.
23. Mary Elizabeth, wife of M. J. Thomas, formerly of Albany, died
at St. Augustine.
24. The jewelry store of A. Given, Broadway, was robbed of about
$1400 worth of watches The Court of Special Sessions was opened
by the Recorder and Justice Cole A meeting was held by the la-
dies of Dr. Wyckoff's church, in favor of Ihe Portuguese exiles
Cornelius Cassidy died, aged 75. Amelia Ward died, aged 20.
25. John Cassidy died, aged 43.
27. John Martin died, aged 60 House No. 277 Lydius street
was discovered to have been robbed in the absence of its occupants, of
$15 in gold and silver, and several articles of plate.
28. The water was let into the canal its entire length A rail-
road car of a novel construction, from the coach factory of James Gould
& Co., was placed on the Champlain and St. Lawrence railroad.
30. Mary A., wife of Mark L. Linn, died Mayor Humphrey,
in compliance with a request by telegraph from New York, caused the
arrest of N. G. Klinch for swindling.

MAY, 1849.
2. Hugh D. Elliot, civil engineer, son of the late Robert Elliot of
Albany, died, aged 28, at Junction, Virginia.
3. Thirty prisoners, from the Clinton State Prison, passed through
the city to Singsing The steamer Isaac Newton brought up over
900 passengers, one of whom, a German boy, was born a few hours pre-
vious to landing the mother was able to assist in unlading the baggage.
:

4. Steamer Oregon, Captain St. John, arrived at her wharf with 840
passengers.
7. Jane, wife of Geo. T. Clark, formerly of Albany, died in Michigan,
aged 34 General Worth died at San Antonio de Bexar, of cholera.
The first meeting of the merchants on change this season took
place A forged check for $6300, purporting to be drawn by the
cashier of the Bank of Troy on the Merchants' Bank in New York, was
presented at the Bank of Albany by A. C. Comstock, who accompanied
an officer to Troy, where the fnrger was discovered.
9. A
boy about seven years old, son of Michael Forrester, was burnt
to death by his clothes taking fire Luther Wheeler died, aged 32.
David Evans died, aged 42. William Whipple died, aged 40 Dr.
Dill and Mr. Simpson, lately from Ireland, lectured in Dr. Sprague's
church on the religious wants of Ireland.
10. Mrs Catherine Angus died, aged 70.
11. Samuel Pruyn was chosen chairman of the board of supervisors ;
James M. Whelpley, clerk.
12. Friends' Meeting-house, on Plain street, took fire, but was soon
extinguished Store of Charles Pohlncan, 622 Bioadway, entered
by burglars, and robbed of $200 worth of clothing.
 Annals of Albany, 1849. 349
13. Benjamin Welch
died, aged 76 Rev. Dr. Dewey, of the
Unitarian Church, preached his farewell sermon to his people.
14. Margaret, wife of Richard Cosgrove, died, aged 28. Abraham
and Hiram Pangburn were found dead in a shanty on the island a little
below the city intemperate.
: John Osborn was appointed, by the
Common Council, captain of the fire police.
15. The Albany Daily Messenger, a penny print, by B. F. Romaine,
editor, made its appearance The Express announced Lewis Be-
nedict as the postmaster to succeed Mr. Wasson Alida Wynkoop,
widow of Dr. Jonathan Eights, died, aged 77. John Mclntosh died,
aged 39.
Isaac P. Hand died, aged 46. \
16. The ground was broken for
the site of the chapel of the Holy Innocents, corner of North Pearl and
Colonie streets
17. Elizabeth McClnskey died, aged 60.
18. Francis, wife of Cornelius McDonald, died, aged 25 Thomas
Murtough died News reached the city of the wreck of the steamer
Empire, on her upward trip.
19. Sarah, wife of Edward Kellogg and daughter'of S. Hastings, died.
"William Marvin, brother of John and Alexander Marvin of this city,
died at New-London, Connecticut, aged 74.
21. The materials for a monument to be erected in the Albany Ce-
metery, over the remains of Judge Spencer, arrived.
22. Ann, wife of Levi H. Palmer, died. Erectus Tubbs died. Aris,
wife of Stephen Townsend, died, aged 67. George T. Clark, merchant,
of Dewitt county, Michigan, formerly of Albany, died, aged 47.
Jabez W. Knowlton died, aged 26. Sarah M. Pugsley died, aged
23.
43 Eight individuals subscribed $18,000 to the stock of the Albany
and Cohoes Railway.
24. Over 4000 hogs reported running at large in the streets.
25. The work of placing a sewer nine feet deep in Hamilton street,
was completed.. ..... A propeller named M. T. Reynolds, intended for
the navigation of the canal, appeared in the basin.
26. The office of the weighmaster at the Little Basin robbed of $50.
27. $500 in notes on the Commercial Bank of Albany, with some
clothing, were stolen from the house of Mr. Peter R. Clule, 5 Grand st.
28. Ann B., widow of the late Douw B. Slingerland, died, aged 65.
Rev. J. B. Davenport, of Syracuse, accepted a call to the rector-
ship of Grace Church, and commenced his labors.
29. The work of planking the western turnpike commenced above
Snipe street Mrs. Ellen McMillan was found dead in her bed :

verdict intemperance.
30. Drug store of A. McClure, State street, broken open, and a small
sum of money stolen.
31. Elijah Cobb died, aged
35. Caroline M. Lightbody died, aeed
23 Price of flour declined The clerks of the Post-office
presented a silver pitcher to the retiring postmaster, Mr. Wasson.

JUNE, 1849.

1. The new iron bridge, built by F. Townsend 8c Co. for the Pier
Company, at the foot of Hamilton street, was swung over the opening :
250 Annals of Albany, 1849.
lime occupied about one minute The district school on Arbor Hill
was opened with appropriate exercises Catherine J. Angus, wife
of Charles \V. Mink, died, aged 42.
2. Mrs. Grace H. Shaltnck died, aged 58.
3. The severe storm cut off telegraphic communication with the west :

15 or 20 poles were blown down.

4. Henry Husthouse, aged 18, died of cholera Mercury in the
thermometer rose to 89 in the shade.
5. M. Maurice Strakosch, pianist, gave a concert in the Female Aca-

demy Orcutt &. Co.'s furnace, in Hamilton west of Swan street,

was burned The body of a man was found floating in the basin,
near the Columbia street bridge.
6. The mayor, as chairman of the Board of Health, requested physi-
cians, hotel keepers, Sec., to report at his office, every day at noon, the
cases of cholera occurring in their practice or houses The lumber
offices of James B. King and B. Van Etten, on the Pier, were entered
by robbers.
7. The ceremony at laying the corner stone of the chapel of the Holy
Innocents look place under the direction of Rl. Rev. Bishop Whitting-
ham, of the diocese of Maryland Robert M. Seymour, formerly
of the firm of Seymour, Wood & Co., died in New York, aged 51.
8. Isaac Matson died at the Northern Hotel, of cholera, at 3 A.M.: he
was from New- York.
Daniel Lafferty, aged 27, was drowned near the Columbia street
9.
bridge Two cases of cholera reported to the Board of Health :

one fatal, an emigrant.

10. John Powers died, aged 50. John Schoonmaker died, aged 54,
at his residence, corner of Orange street and Broadway. Conrad A.
Ten Eyck, one of the justices of the Justice's Court, died suddenly by
the bursting of a bloodvessel.
11. Three cases of cholera reported since the 9th one death
:

Steamer New World made her first trip to Albany from New York: she
isintended for a day boat.
12. The Board of Health report only one case of cholera fatal. Two
:

deaths of those cholera patients reported on the llth, occurred

Fourteen state prisoners, from Singsing, passed through the city for
Auburn Albany Hydrant Company dissolved.
13. One new case of cholera reported no deaths
: The citizens
in the neighborhood of the Arbor Hill burying ground have commenced
converting it into a park; the bones to be collected into a mound in the
centre The body of a man, about 40 years of age, was found in
the river at the foot of Bleecker street.
14. The Temperance Pavilion, a large tent erected in North Pearl
street by Mr. Van Wagner, the Poughkeepsie Blacksmith, was crowded
to excess.
15. Several persons arrested for putting up signs protruding more
than eighteen inches from the front of the buildings Two cases of
cholera reported, both fatal.
16. Three young lads in a sail boat capsized in the river brlow the
city, and Charles Lansing, one of them, drowned The jury em-
pannelled to try Osborn for perjury, returned a verdict of guilty of arson
in the third degree: sentenced ten years to state prison House
 Annals of Albany, 1849. 351
107 Lydius street robbed of $12 in money, and several articles wearing
apparel Two cases of cholera reported no deaths. :

17. Dr. N. A. Jewett died, aged 46 A

stable in the upper part
of State street burned down George Winne, son of Jellis Winne
of Albany, died at St. Paul, Minesota territory.
18. John G. Chifferder,a German youth, found in a pond south of the
old railroad Mr. Hughes, of Dove street, died by cholera.
19. Daniel W. Talcott died, aged 60. John Ryan died, aged 85.
George Smith, aged about 30, was drowned in the canal At mid-
day, $21 were stolen from the store of Mr. Mulligan, corner of Swan
and Jefl'erson, and a house in Westerlo street robbed of a gold watch
and several other articles of value.
20. Mrs. Elizabeth Lockwood, widow of Jared Lockwood, formerly
of Albany, died at Stamford, Connecticut, aged 85 A
stable, and
a quantity of wood in Green street, destroyed by fire One fatal
case of cholera reported.
21. Nelson W. Perry died, aged 21 One cholera case reported,
fatal The body of a man named Welch was found upon a pile of
lumber near Bath Ferry The mercury rose to 98 in the shade.
A man named Richardson, working on one of the canal boats, died sud-
denly from heat Belden B. Batty, of Albany, accidentally shot at
San Francisco, and died.
Catherine Bleecker died:
22. Mrs. Elizabeth Phillip died, aged 50.
James L. Schermerhorn died, aged 34 Several houses in Canal
street burnt.
23. Two
fatal cases of cholera reported.
24. James R. Roe, and Hannah his wife, died Two cases of
cholera reported; not fatal.
25. Four cases of cholera : none reported fatal.
James B. Baker died, aged 44
26. A horse, the property of Star
Hawley, valued at $150, backed off the pier and was drowned A
boatman from Philadelphia, and two residents in Snipe street, died of
cholera.
27. One fatal case of cholera reported.
28. Eight cases of cholera ; three of which are reported as fatal.
29. Mrs. Boylan. residing in East Albany, died by cholera
Amey A. Brown, on a from Brooklyn, died of cholera.
visit
30. a new weekly, appeared
The Sunday Dutchman, Five cases
of cholera one fatal,
; Capt. Thomas Wiswal died, aged 49
John Cotner was arrested in Buffalo, for passing counterfeit $5s on the
Mechanics' & Farmers' Bank of Albany Number cases of cholera
for June, 41 ; deaths, 22.

JULY, 1849.
1. O. G. De Groff, formerly of Albany, died at Cincinnati of cholera,
aged 50.
2. Gen. Herrera and family, from Mexico, took lodgings at Congress
Hall Seven cases of cholera reported, five of which were fatal.
3. Eleven cholera cases reported four deaths : The second ex-
hibition of the Albany and Rensselaer Horticultural Society was held in
the Agricultural Rooms, State street.
352 Annals of Albany, 1849.
4. National anniversary was celebrated. Three processions 1st,
:

Regular, consisting of state and city officers, military, fire and boat com-
panies, citizens and strangers 2d, Independent, carmen, &c.; 3d, Young
;

Men's Association Six cases of cholera reported for the last forty-
eight hours one fatal
;
L. Z. Harvey died.
5. Mrs. Harriet Stafford, widow of the late Spencer Stafford, died.. . .
At a meeting of the county court, the grand jury, after a few hours
absence, came into court, and reported that they had attended to and
disposed of all the business before them, and found no bills- 7443
barrels of flour arrived by canal.
7. Henry Marvin, son of the late Uriah Marvin of this city, died at
East Chatham, aged 52. .....4 Three cases of cholera reported: no
deaths The Receiver of the Canal Bank gave notice that 40 cents,
the final dividend and lull amount of the circulating bills, would be paid
on the 16th instant Concert by the Distins, singers and performers
on the Sax Horn Among other produce received by canal, there
Were 10,478 bbls. flour, 30,945 Ibs, butter, and 29,111 Ibs. cheese.
7. Eleven cases of cholera reported at noon for the last twenty-four
hours, four of which were fatal.
8. J. C. Wilt, agent of the Western Railroad Company, died at Sharon
Springs he was a gentleman of great energy of character and excellent
:

reputation Conrad Tread well died.

9. The Mayor reported, that within the last 48 hours, ten cases of
cholera had occurred, four of which were fatal Parker Sargent
appointed justice in the Police Court, in place of Conrad A. Ten Eyck
deceased Annual examination of pupils in the Albany Female
Academy commenced. ...... Adam Frazier, formerly of this city, died
at Cincinnati.
10. The county board of supervisors met, and were organized under
the law giving them legislative powers Eight cases of cholera
reported to the Board of Health two fatal
,
Cornelius J. Cuyler
died, aged 51| years. John W. Diamond died, aged 50.
11. Seven cases of cholera, two of which were fatal, and one death
of the cases reported yesterday Alexander Worden died, aged 39.
Alarm of fire from a house in Grand street Charles I.
Wager drowned while bathing near the lower ferry.
12. Sixteen cases of cholera reported for the last 24 hours, three of
which were fatal, and one of the seven reported on the llth since dead.
Six houses destroyed by fire in Broad street rioting among the
:

firemen Mercury in the thermometer at 9 A. M. was 86 ;

96 at
2 P. M.J and at 7 P.M., 93 Schooner Stranger, soon after leaving
the dock with a full load of corn, was injured by a steamer, and sunk.
Thirty-sixth annual examination of the Albany Female Academy
concluded Frances F., wife of Israel Smith junior, and daughter
of Capt. Charles H. Bell, U. S. N., died. Jane, daughter of Michael
McCafferty, died, aged 22.
13. Eleven cases of cholera reported to the mayor as chairman of the
Board of Health; three fatal. Two of the cases previously reported
proved fatal Water in the Hudson lower than had been known
for many years At 58 State street, at 44 A. M., the thermometer
stood at over 82 ;
at 7 A. M. it fell to 71 '.Ellen, wife of Thomas
Dunn, died. J. W. Butler died. Arthur Gibbons, son of S. Stafford,
 Annals of Albany, 1849. 353
aged 18, American
died at the Charles Russel, one of a sailing
party of five, was drowned by the upsetting of his boat age 23
;

Tobias Morgan, formerly the slave of John D. Vischer, died of cholera,

aged 60 The store of Samuel B. Moore, grocer, in Broadway,
was robbed of $200 The closing exercises consequent on the an-
nual examination of the pupils in the Albany Female Academy were
held in the First Piesbyierian Church; Rev. Dr. Kennedy delivered a
short address to the graduates.
14. Thirteen cases of cholera reported ;
four fatal. One previously
reported terminated fatally John Butler, a cartman, died of cholera.
15. Mrs. Elizabeth Nugent died, aged 38.
16. Forty six cases of cholera reported for the last forty-eight hours,
ending at noon thirteen of which were fatal. Three deaths from cases
;

previously reported Thomas Monkland died- Several build-

ings between Lawrence and North Ferry street, destroyed by fire
Frances, wife of William Worth died, aged 41. Solomon Hayes, Jong
and favorably known in Albany, died from cholera, aged 64 A
telegraphic despatch from New York announced the death of D. B. Og-
den, esquire, so long prominent in the commerce and councils of the state.
17. Seventeen cases of cholera three fatal. Two cases formerly re-
;

ported, fatal Victor Post died, aged 33. Samuel Vail died, aged 83.
18. Nine cases of cholera in the city and four in the hospital ,
one of
the latter fatal The steamer Alida arrived at her wharf in seven
hours from New York, running time Stephen Squire of Fulton-
ville, Montgomery county, died in this city At 10 p. M. the shoe
store of Peter R. Cluett look fire, but was extinguished with little
damage James Sickles died, aged 75.
19. Thirteen cholera cases were reported to the board for the last 24
hours six fatal. Three of the fatal cases had been before reported... .
;

Harmanus Bleecker, a prominent and well known citizen, universally

respected, died in the 70th year of his age. (See p. 276.) The
steamer New World left New York at 13 minutes alter 7 A. M., reach-
ing Poughkcepsie in three hours sailing time and landed her passengers
at Albany, 3 p. M., making all her landings.
20. Eight cases of cholera reported to the board. Four deaths of
those previously reported The steamer Alida reached her landing
place five minutes before 3 p M. making the whole trip in b' hours 51
;

minutes sailing time.

21. Thirteen cases of cholera reported eight in the city and five at
;

the hospital; two fatal. Two deaths also occurred of those previously
reported Jane widow of the late Arthur Hooper died, aged 76.
Elizabeth, wife of Adam Armstrong died, aged 72.
22. Thomas Moss died in the 53lh year of his age. Jellis Winne
junior died, aged 71 Lydia, wife of Thomas Carson died, aged 66.
The body of John D. Morey, a young man about nineteen years
of age, was found in a deep ravine a liltle north of the city. Deaih by
suicide.
23- Twenty-two cases of cholera reported as having occurred since
noon of the 21st five fatal. One of these, Ira Hinckley from Osterville,
;

Mass., died on board the schooner Oliver at the wharf; he was about
19 Margaret Trocter, widow of the late (en. Matthew Troiter
died, in her 80th year Henry Miller, accused of forgery and coun-
terfeiting was arrested and committed; plates of different banks were
30
354 Annals of Albany, 1849.
found inhis possession Mary, widow of the late Jason Rudes
died, aged 72. Roswell Wilson, of Ihe firm of Callanan &, Wilson died
at Whitewater, Wisconsin.
24. Thirteen cases of cholera were this day reported; two of which
were fatal. Two also of the cases reported at a prior day proved fatal.
25. Avery large and brilliant halo (corona) appeared round the sun
a little before noon Fourteen cases of cholera reported as having
occurred since last report. Three fatal besides one death of a ca*e re-
ported previously Ann, wife of Benjamin Ward died, aged 63.
26. The board of health reported that seven cases of cholera have
been stated to them as having occurred since last report. One fatal and
one more death of the 14 yesterday reported Elizabeth Singer
died in the 70lh year of her age. Sally Clark died, aged 70. JVlary
Quinn died, aged 20. Jane, wife of James Morrow died. James Allen
died, aged 82. Barney Lyman died of consumption, aged 21 years
A good southerly wind brought up a large number of sail vessels from
the east which in some measure prevented the steamer's intelligence
(this day telegraphed) having any tendency to depress the market.
27. Sixteen cases of cholera ; five fatal. Four cases previously re-
ported have terminated fatally. Six of the sixteen cases embrace the
report of Drs. Martin and Wiltsie for two days Bridget McMan-
nus died, aged 55. John B. Smith died, in the 33d year of his age-
28. Eleven cases of cholera ;
four fatal, within the last 24 hours. One
also of a previous report died. Lord, an emigrant lately from
England died. Mrs. Winaford Allen died, aged 60 Cornelius Higgins
died, aged 83^ years. Abigail Walker died, aged 66.
29. Ann Eliza, wife of Jacob Griffin died S. H. Shipley from.
Baton Rouge parish, Louisiana, and Mr. Cochrane, both belonging to a
party from Mississippi, died in the city of the prevailing epidemic ; they
were properly cared for Martin Truesdell, for many years cap-
tain of the steam boats Utica and South America, died at Coxsackie, of
bronchitis. Having retired from business, he was elected a member of
the legislature for the session of 1848. Margaret, wife cf Benjamin
Van Aernam of the city, died at Guilderland, aged 47.
30. For the last 48 hours thirty-one cases and twelve deaths by cholera
were reported. Two deaths of cases previously reported Thirteen
buildings and an immense quantity of lumber in Water street were con-
sumed by fire. Its origin not ascertained The new building erected
at the expense of the state on the corner of Lodge and Howard streets,
was taken possession of by the Normal School, and the evacuation of
the old building in State street, completed this day.
31. Sixteen new cases of cholera and seven deaths A woman
and her child were found dead by cholera in Orange street. They died
alone, leaving a child 2 years old the only representative of the family,
the father having died of the same disease a few days previous
The mayor published a respectful request to the citizens to observe the
3d August as a day of fasting and humiliation, agreeably to the recom-
mendation of the President of the United Stales, that if consistent God
would avert from us his judgments William Dennison, a native
of Ireland died. George M. Musher died; aged 53 At 6 o'clock
A. M., the thermomeler stood at 82deg. at noon it had descended to 72
deg. and 6 p. M. it was below 65 deg Rev. Mr. Taggart ordained
and installed pastor of the Unitarian church. Rev. Messrs. Dewey and
 Annals of Albany, 1849. 355

Pierpont assisted in the exercises.. ... ..Number of cases requiring

medical aid in the Alms House during the month of July, 249 cured 162
, ;

died 57; under treatment 37 Number cases of cholera for July,

343 deaths 125.
;

AUGUST, 1849.
1. Nine cholera cases, fatal, were reported.
and one of them, A fatal
termination of a case formerly reported was also given in Steam.
boat South America ran down a sloop loaded with coal, which sunk in
20 feet water Number of prisoners in the Penitentiary 173 up- ;

wards of 50 being females Number of paupers in the Alms House

405. Expenses of the last quarter $2,678.
2. Twenty-four cases of cholera, including seven fatal, were reported.
Of a former report two proved fatal John Moore died of the pre-
vailing epidemic, ased 66
3. Great national fast business generally suspended, and the churches
well attended No meeting of the board of health five cases re-
;

ported of cholera, 2 deaths ...David C. Wainwright died, aged 93.

Lucius Allen died, aged 41 New World steam boat accident, by
which she was laid up for repairs, requiring an outlay of several thou-
sand dollars.
4. Thirty-one cases of cholera reported for the last 48 hours; 9 fatal,
and one fatal of the cases reported before A most welcome and
refreshing shower moistened the parched earth it was accompanied
;

with thunder and lightning. A house was struck in Herkimer street,

but with little damage.
5. Sabbath An attempt was made to fire the lumber yard of Messrs.
Rogers &c Callendar. Another fire was attempted in South Pearl street
in 111 e afternoon Edward Pacey, a caulker, extensively known,
died of cholera, aged 84.
6. Twenty-five cases of cholera, seven of them fatal were reported as

having occurred within the last 48 hours. Three of a former report also
proved fatal. A strong southerly wind prevailed and brought with it in
the afternoon an abundant and seasonable rain Ann, wife of Wil-
liam Clemshire died. James Pacey died of cholera, aged 19.
7. Eight cases of cholera, two deaths. Two deaths of cases previ-
ously reported. John P. Cassidydied in New York, formerly of Albany.
8. Six cases of cholera; one fatal. One fatal of those reported yes-
terday Jane Mitchell died, aged 15.
9. Eleven cases of cholera two fatal. One death of those previously
;

reported. Also four deaths not reported on the 6th and 7th Anna
Maria Soulden died Fire in North Pearl street, above Maiden Jane ;
damage small.
10. A
great deal of rain fell during the night, which was much needed
by vegetation Ten cases of cholera, and one death also one death
;

of the cases previously reported The board of health required the

sextons to report all burials, since May 1, under a penalty of $25 for
non-compliance.
11.Eleven cases of cholera, one fatal. Three deaths of previous
cases. A marked change was now observable in the progress of the
disease A salmon weighing 12 pounds was caught in the river
above Bath, said to be the first known to have been taken in the Hudson.
It was served up at the Mansion House.
356 Annals of All any, 1849.
12. Fire in Orange street; burnt a shed .Rev. William W. Hal-
loway was installed pastor of the Third Reformed Protestant Church,
corner of Ferry and Green streets.
13. Twenty-six cases of cholera ; seven fatal, in last 48 hours ; and
four deaths of cases previously reported Johannah Durrie, widow
of the late Horace Durrie, and daughter of the late Daniel Sieele, of this
city, died at Aurora, Cayuga county The Albany Republican
Artillerj made a pleasure excursion to Hudson by steam boat.
14. Seven cases of cholera ;
three fatal within the last 24 hours, with
two deaths from cases of a former report.
15. Eleven cases of cholera, two fatal Anna, wife of E Wickes,
Jr., died aged 29.
16. Cholera, eleven cases, two fatal ;
five deaths of previous cases.
Mrs. Ralph Pratt died Francis McCaler arrested for burglary in
entering the house of Mr. Thorn in North Pearl street, and taking there-
from six watches valued at $30.
17. Anniversary of the great fire of 1848 Seven cases of cholera,
three fatal, and three deaths of previous cases. Abby, wife of John
Townsend, and daughter of the late Ambrose Spencer, died, aged 60
Alarm of fire proceeding from a gunsmith's shop in Beaver street.
18 Eight cases of cholera, two fatal; two deaths of pievious cases.
Samuel Gross died, ased 72 Harriet L., wife of John Dixon, died, aged
50. Isabella, wife of Neil McCotter died, aged 54 ... .An agreement was
effected between the Albany and Schoharie Plank Road Company, and
the Turnpike Company, by which the two roads would be made to in-
tersect, and arrangements, made to .prosecute the plank road to its com-
pletion.
20. Twelve cases of cholera in last forty-eight hours, three fatal; and
two fatal of previous cases. Lucretia Shaver died, aged 83.
21. Eight new cases of cholera, three fatal; four cases fatal of those
before reported. Nathaniel White died, of cholera, aged 57 He
came to this city from Hartford, Connecticut, in 1808, at the age of 16,
and was apprenticed as a bookbinder to the late Mr. Daniel Sieele. It
is riot an uninteresting fact that Mr. White besan his apprenticeship in
the same establishment with two prominent and highly valued citizens
now living, Mr. Lemuel Steele and Mr. Isaac Newton, and one now
deceased, the late Mr. O. R. Van Benthuysen. And he has remained
in the same establishment, from that day to the present, without inter-
ruption, a period of nearly forty-one years, under the successive firms
which have conducted it with eminent and deserved* success, viz:
Messrs. D. Steele, Packard &, Van Benthuysen, and C. Van Benthuysen.
22. Seven new cases of cholera were reported ;
six at the hospital and
one in the city two deaths of those formerly reported. Mr. Leoline
Jenkins, son of "Lemuel Jenkins, Esq., of this city, died while on a
fisit to Greeneville, Greene county, N. Y.
23. One case of cholera reported fatal, and three deaths of cases for-
merly reported. At 9 A. M. Isaac Whitney died, aged 34 Severe
rain most of the day; wind north east Owen Tierney died, aged
35. Isaac L. Whitney died, aged 34. Elias Fink, formerly of Albany,
died at Danube Herkimer county, aged 42.
24. Ten new cases of cholera reported; no death. One of a former
report proved fatal. At noon Caroline Enz died, aged 18. John Cahill
died, aged Canal Receipts Flour 4244 barrels.; ashes 62 do
 Annals of Albany, 1849. 357
whiskey 24 do.; corn 11,149 bushels; oats 83 do.; wheat 2655 do.; peas
50 do.; butter 10,129 pounds; cheese 17,057; lard 150 do.; Wool 61,054
do; hams and bacon 35SS do.
25. Fifteen cases of cholera reported. Seven of which were fatal.
Also two deaths of cases previously reported. Alraira, wife of Alexan-
der Nichols, died. Mrs. Hennessy died, aged 60 Elizabeth, wife of
Gerrit Yates, died, aged 74.
26. Sabbath No cholera report; but the interments were numerous.
Ann Moran died, aged 19$ years. Mrs. Elizabeth Wagoner died.
27. Seventy-six cases of cholera reported for the last forty eight
hours; eleven of which were fatal. Charles Quinn died. Mrs. Rhoda
Dean, formerly of Barnard, died at the residence of her son. Amos
Dean in this city, aged 80. Catherine, daughter of Peter Johnson, died,
aged 19. Wife of Robert C. Russell died. Bridget O'Connor died,
aged 39. Tivoli flour from new Genesee wheat sold 6'37|; western
:
5 25 to 5-75; corn 58 cents, wheat 1'25 to $1'31.
23. Twenty cases of cholera reported since yesterday's report ten
;

fatal. This high proportion of fatal cases is probably rightly ascribed

to an indiscreet use of unripe fruits. William McLaughlin died, aged
55 John G. Stewart, a colored barber, known as a man of consi-
derable talent, and as the editor of several papers, was found dead in
his chair, by a customer who entered his shop at the Little Basin.
29. The Jersey Blue, a three masted steam-propeller, Captain Daniel
Van Buskirk, made her first appearance at the dock with a cargo of
coal and iron. She is rated at 222 tons, was built at Newark, and made
the trip from that city in less than twenty-four hours.
30. Twelve cases cholera ; eight fatal. One death of previous cases.
Michael McAuley died, aged 43. Aaron Williams died, aged 48.
Mrs. Amelia Fosket, lately of this city, died at the residence of her son
at Blue House, Cobleton District, S. C., aged 62 years.
31. Nineteen cases cholera; seven fatal. Robert H. Burgess died,
aged 50. Mary Ann Williams died, aged 54. William Hillman died.
Total number of cholera cases for August, 345; deaths 150; as
otherwise reported 34S cases and 154 deaths Fire at 124 Broad
street; a two story frame building, brick front, belonging to George
Stanwix, which was burnt down, together with the two story frame
buildings, Nos. 126 and 128, owned by Alexander Sampson, and occu-
pied by iMichael Barnotand Duncan Livingston Almshouse phy-
sician reported 211 cases for month of August, requiring aid ;
122 cured,
52 died, and 37 under treatment.

SEPTEMBER, 1849.

Six cases cholera two deaths, and three deaths of previous cases.
1. ;

Cornelius D. R. Lansing died, aged 63 Albany and Sand-

lake Plank Road Company elected their officers for the ensuing year.
2. Julia L., wife of Dr. John Van Buren died. C. P. Allen died.
Robert Malloy died. Thomas Wallace, formerly of this city, died at
Detroit, aged 86.
3. Twenty-two new cases, thirteen deaths, for 48 hours last past
Louisa W., wife of Rev. T. R. Rawson, died. Benjamin Wilson died,
age<l 83. Neil McCotter die.l, aged 57. James B. Van Huyen died,
, Burgesses Corps made an excursion to Saratoga Springs.
aged 49
358 Annals of Albany, 1849.
A man named Sheridan,
a mason, fell from the scaffolding of a
building, corner of Patroon and Ten Broeck streets, and was killed j
his age 56.
4. Three cases cholera, one death. Three deaths of previous cases.
Wiliam Sanford, son of Giles Sanford of this city, died at Astoria,
N. Y. ? asred 26.
5.Six cases cholera, four deaths. The physicians were united in the
opinion that the disease as an epidemic, had in a great measure left the
city ; that where it now occurred it was invited by imprudence or by a pe-
culiarly unfavorable locality j wherefore the board determined to dis-
continue their daily reports Eleanor, widow of the late Milo Shaw
died. Clara, wife of George H.Cogswell died, aged 31. John C.
Brown died, aged 43.
6. The president, Zachary Taylor, arrived from the west, and took
the steam boat for New York Betsey, wife of Nicholas Brate died,
aged 38 The wholesale grocery store of G. N. Tarbell, on the
dock, was entered by a burglar, who made an unsuccessful attempt at
the safe, and retired bootless.
7. Ann Eliza, wife of Henry K. Duncan, died at West Point, aged 25.
The store of G. A. Wolverton entered by burglars The
office of C. Cooley & Co.. lumber dealers, was also broken open.
8. Hon Henry Clay arrived in the city from Kinderhook, where he
had been to visit Mr. Van Buren. He departed in the afternoon for the
west.
9. An alarm of fire, caused by the burning of a chimney in Maiden
lane.
10.John Slack, aged 66, formerly of Albany, died at Guilderland, of
a from a hay mow.
fall
11. Frederick A. Farso, aged 33, was killed by being run over by the
train at Rome Nancy A., wife of John Henry, formerly of Albany.
died in New York, aged 25 The St. Charles refectory robbed of
its sub-treasury by Jeremiah Buckley, who was arrested and confessed
the deed.
12. Splendid display of aurora borealis towards midnight.
13. An immense kettle cast at Townsend's Furnace, for the purpose
of manufacturing salt at Syracuse. Its dimensions were 9 feet across
the brim, 9 feet deep, and 7 feet across the bottom weight 12 tons.
;

14. Amey Molt, late of this city, died at Battle Creek, Mich., in the
82d year of her age.
15. At 4 o'clock A. M., Catharine Tracey died A collection of
$800 taken at St. John's Church in Ferry street, in aid of the erection
of the Cathedral making over $5000 collected in that church altogether,
;

for that purpose.

16. A fire was discovered about 9 A. M. in the loft of Tracy & Edson's
liquor store, corner of Dean and Exchange streets, and extinguished
with little damase Jane Madison, wife of Jasper Latham and
daughter of the late H. E. G. McLaughlin, esquire, of Chelsea, Vt. died,
aged 40. Ann Hardy, daughter of James Freeman died, ased 29|
years. Timothy Ensign, late of the firm of Ensign &. Thayer, in this
city, died at Windsor, Con.
18. The Hose Depot, so long a source of contention as to where it
should be located, was commenced on the site of the old hay market lots,
 Annals of Albany, 1849. 359
corner of Plain and Philip streets Mary, wife of George Geary
died, aged 50. Sarah, wife of Andrew McKnight died Baron
Hecker, the German exiled patriot, came up the river in company with
some 50 of his countrymen, en route for his farm on the banks of the
Mississippi, in Illinois.
19. James Robinson died, aged 60 The common council held a
special meeting to settle the pier question. &c. Mr. O'Reilley was
granted permission to erect telegraph posts within the bounds of the city
under the supervision of the street committee. The chamberlin ordered
to borrow $30.000 to meet the pier settlement First trip on the
Hudson river rail road with passenger cars from New York to Peekskill.
20. Fire was discovered about 9^ p. M. in some combustible materials
in the shoe shop of Cluelt &, Co., corner of State and Lodge streets ;
ex-
tinguished without damage Mr. Ralph Clark, formerly of Albion,
Wis., died, aged 25 The Albany and Rensselaer Horticultural So-
ciety's annual exhibition closed to-day.
21. Joseph Hugeboom died, ased 32^ years. Elizabeth, daughter of
the late Nathaniel R. Packard died, aged 19 Peter Cluett charged
with and committed for arson in causing the fire last evening, corner of
Lods?e and State streets The city and pier company closed their ne-
gotiations and came to terms with regard to the Basin the city paying
the pier company $30,000 the latter to maintain the bridge.
22. An unusually strong south wind prevailed the whole day, accom-
" On
panied in the evening with rain Saturday evening at seven-
teen minutes past II o'clock, the Sun rode calmly and mildly over the
autumnal equinox, and cast his golden anchor on the wintry coast of
Autumn. But as yet, the vast ocean of air through which he sails, is
glowing and transparent with the memory of the long Summer days that
have passed over it, darting their rich beams to its very depths. Even
as we write, however, the remembrance fades, like the sky's blanching
souvenirs of sunset ;
and in the gray distance the cold ghosts of Winter
glare and wave their frozen wings, which creak on icy hinges while
in the silence of midnight a prophetic voice of wailing and desolation
moans fitfully at the casement." Tribune,
23. John Simons died A riot caused by some evil disposed per.
sons throwing stones at a canal boat loaded with immigrants, occurred at
the Little Basin The accidental burning of a bed in house No. 16
Dallius street, caused nn alarm of fire Ann K. Fitch, formerly of
Greenwich, Conn., died.
24. Weather cloudy and cold Edward Thomas died, aged 24.
Premium articles at the late State Fair, of Albany manufacture,
were exhibited in Kidd's Buildings Joseph Curdy, a laborer, com-
mitted suicide by cutting the arteries of both arms with a razor, and
died sitting in a chair.
25. The body of John Donahue was found in the river at the foot of
Bleecker street supposed to have been drowned on Saturday night -

age 40.
26. The A. R. Artillery annual target excursion the cup awarded to
W. A. Davis for the best shot, and the gold medal to James H. Chad-
wick, for 2d best The first quinquennial meeting of the State
Normal graduates was held in the lecture room of the new building
John Crippin died, aged 28. Patrick Murray died in his 65th year,
Hannah B., wife of Amos P. Palmer, died at Newton's Corners.
360 Annals of Albany, 1849.
27. Closing exercises of the Normal School took place to-day
The spike factory belonging to the Albany Nail Works, near Troy, and
owned by Corning, Winslow & Co. of this city, was destroyed by fire,
loss $40,000 above insurance John York died, ased 26.
23. George W. Worcester, formerly of this city, died at the hospital,
New York, aged 30.
29. The travel between this city and Albany, says the Troy Whig, is
immense. The cars, which run hourly, carry a large number of pas-
sengers: while the stages which run half-hourly, are crammed full
nearly every trip. The number of persons going to and coming from
Albany daily is probably in the neighborhood of two thousand. This
would be equal to 60,833 per calendar month, and 730. 000 a year! This
estimate does not, we think, fall short of the mark.

OCTOBER 1849.
1. Arain storm during the whole day refreshed the earth which had
sustained a long drouth The military encampment appointed to
be held this d*y was postponed one week Henry Holmes, died.
Casper Walter died.
2. Albany Medical College opened with a lecture by Dr. T. R. Beck.
Capt. Henry Terbush, of the steam boat A. L. Lawrence killed
by the machinery of the boat James Carroll died, aged 57.
3 Working Men's State Convention assembled ..Theflajjs of
shipping were displayed at half mast on account of the death of Henry
Terbush, captain of the steamer A. L. Lawrence Henry A. New-
man died, aged 23 Attempt by burglars to enter the house of D,
Cox, corner Green and Lydius streets.
4. Severe rain storm. The O'Reily Telegraphery reported from
Catskill, though fully connected to Newburgh Nathan O. Banks,
junior, of Putnam county, in going aboard the Isaac Newton walked off
the plank and wag drowned.
5. Moses Wallace died Rain in the morning and al intervals
through the day.
6. Rain again this morning. Telegraphery announced at 3 p. M. rain
in New York and Buffalo; very rainy in Albany The union de-
mocrats nominated county officers.
7. Still the rain fell. A
strong northerly wind prevailed. The fourth
day without sunshine or even at night star light Patrick O'Brien
died, aged 25.
8. Stars were visible at 5 A. M. At 6 rain again commenced, but
cleared away at 8 A. M., when the sun for the first time in four days
was visible George Mossop, a native of Dublin, in connection
with the Albany Museum died, aged 35 T. D. Sprague, editor of
the American Literary Magazine of this city, died at Andover, Conn.,
aged 30.
9. Frost and a thick fog overspread the city. The mail and other
New York steamers were accordingly delayed till noon The Sy-
nod of Albany (0. S ) met in the First Presbyterian Church. The
25th regiment of N. Y. Militia. Col. Frisbie, went into encampment for
three days George H. Welch, of the firm of Adams and Welch
died, aged 28.
10. the Albany, Rensselaerville and Schoharje Plank Road Co. was
 A?mah of Albany, 1849. 361
o r ganized. Lansing Pruyn as president, David H. Cary, treasurer, and
Charles M. Jenkins, secretary Iron fence around the State Hall
grounds completed.
11. A heavy and drenching rain which commenced on the evening of
the lOth, continued till midnight Mrs. M. A. Record died, aged
44. Peter Wall died, aged 41 1 Multitude of Fishes. Mr. T.
Carman of this city, in company with another, took on Thursday night
at the Troy darn, no less than 7000 fish, of the sucker tribe! They
were all towed down in large floating cars, alive and kicking, and were
in the market in good order. They were brought down by the freshet
which has swollen the river, and in this instance no doubt, the pockets
of enterprising ?.nd experienced fi>h rmen.
12. Mrs. Rebecca Bolles, wife of Jeremiah Wallace died, aged 30
years The water in the river was over the docks in many places.
13. Thomas T. Morgan died, aged 38. Mary E. Hoffman, daughter
of the late Levi S Hoffman, aged 14, died. Mrs. Kaesel died An
alarm of fire from a house in North Ferry street called out some fire
companies, but did no other damage Specimens of coal exhibited
in the city, obtained by boring at Coeymans. Half a million of dollars
have been spent in this neighborhood in searching for coal, without any
success, and the geologists have decided that there can be none.
14 The house^of Edward Thies, in North Ferry street, entered by
burglars and robbed of various articles.
15. Stephen C. Keeler died.
16. Elizabeth, .widow of the late Robert Lottridge died, aged 65.
17 Plank road on the old Cherry Valley turnpike completed to Guil-
derland.
18. Anti Rent Convention j
said to have been attended with snuffl
effect.
19. Barley Trade of Albany. The city of Albany is known far and
wide as the barley market of the Union. At this market, five sixths of
the barley received every year at tide- water from the barley growing
counties of the west is bought and sold. The trade lasts about two
months, and during that time a very brisk business is done. As an
evidence of the increasing demand for this article, we would mention
that in 1844 the whole quantity of barley received at tide water from
the canals did not exceed 820,000 bushels, while the quantity of the new
crop of the present year which
had reached tide- water on the 22d inst.,
was 650,101 bushels. Of this new crop, 498,000 bushels have been re-
ported as sold here, in the daily reports of the Argus. This is about
five-sixths of the whole receipts, and if to this we add the lots which
were sold here to arrive and which do not enter into the reports of the
of sa'e? to receipts is more than five-sixths.
daily sales, the proportion
The sales here may be thus classified Two rowed barley, 252,400 bush-
:

els ;
four rowed, 201,900 ;mixed, 43.700. Total, 498,000 bushels.
20. Peter Donelly, a member of the Albany Artillery died A
company of nearly 300 Portuguese refugees under the charge of the
American and Foreign Christian Union, arrived from New York in the
steam boat, to spend the Sabbath, on their way to Illinois.
21. Christopher Joselyn alias Lillie was killed in South Broadxvay,
near the steam boat landing Jane Moore, wife of M. D. Moore,
died at East Albany, aged 35. David B. Douglass, LL. D. died at Ge.
362 Annals of Albany, 1849.
neva College, where he was professor of mathematics and natural phi-
losophy he laid out the grounds of the Albany Rural Cemetery.
;

22. Griffin's eating house entered by burglars and robbed of money

and sesars.
23. John Martin died, aged 32 Great storm of wind and rain
with heavy thunder, in the evening, destroying the circus tent and doing
other damage.
24. Robert C. Russell died, aged 51.
25. The common conncil resolved to submit the water question to the
people at the ballot box, where they might decide which of the projects
for supplying the city they would choose, or decline, to have water
Mary Elizabeth Norton died, aged " 18. Anna Layton died, ased 16.
Sartelle Prentice died, aged 83. David Sheridan died, aged 22, Ro-
sanna McDonald died, aged 19.
26. Dense fog, detaining the steam boats from New York till nearly
11 o'clock A. M.
27. Delia Adams, wife of Sherman Croswell died, aged 39. Anna
Eliza, wife of William B. Winne died, aged 37.
29. Peter Wendell, M. D., died, aged 64. He was the longest resi-
dent practitioner of medicine in the city, and next to Dr. Bay the oldest.
Dr. Wendell was a native of this city born in 1786. He received the
best education that the city afforded, and at the usual time entered the
office of the late Dr.Wm. McLellan, then one of the principal physi-
cians here During his course of study, he attended two courses of lec-
tures at the University of Pennsylvania. On his return he commenced
the practice of medicine. This was in 1807, and we need scarcely add
how extensive and lucrative this proved during the long period of 42
years. Dr. Wendell received the honorary degree of doctor of medicine
from the University of Pennsylvania some 15 years or more afier he
had attended it as a student. In 1823, he was chosen by the legislature
a regent of the university, of which body he became chancellor in 1842,
and to which last office he has since been annually reappointed.
Great storm in the evening. The wind blew a hurricane, and the rain
fell in torrents. The streets descending from the hill became rivers,
washing down great quantities of stones, clay and sand the sewers in
;

some instances became clogeed, and the turbid streams overflowing the
side walks, poured a torrent into the basements. The telegraph wires
were blown down in all directions. The Isaac Newton gallantly breasted
the storm, and reached her landing place at the usual hour. The tide
in the river was higher than had been known for several years
Statement of the amount of freight started from the depot at East Al-
bany :
10,053^ barre's of flour 942 barrels of apples
:
; 1,405 boxes of
cheese 75 bales of wool; 1,159 firkins of butter; 958 barrels of beef.
;

Eight trains, with 361 cars, were sent east; the receipts for freight were
$5,423.
30. Margaret Matilda, wife of Amasa Bates died, aged 30.
31. Ellen, wife of Smith T. Van Buren, and youngest daughter of the
late Wm. James died, aged 27. Mary, wife of John Griffin died, aged
62. Henry Blake died, aged 70 A slight fall of snow in the morn-
ing The aggregate of all assessments approved and confirmed
durins: the year to this date was $66,482 50; on account of which there
has been received during the same lime $36,952 93, leaving a balance of
$29,529'51 due the city The earnings of the Albany and Schenec-
 Annals of Albany, 1849. 363
tady road for the month of October were $19,276 same time last
rail ;

year, $14,732; excess in 1849, (equal to 31 per cent.) $4,544. The re-
ceipts of this road will reach $183,000 to $185,000 against $175,000 in
1843.

NOVEMBER, 1849.

1. Ice made open cisterns of the city for the first time this sea-
in the
son, which had thus far been remarkably free from frosts Mrs.
Amanda Emerson died, aged 52 Michal Querk, an Irish laborer,
crushed to death by a canal boat.
2 There are five flouring mills in successful operation in or near this
city, four of them are worked by water and one by steam power. They
have each four run of stones, and consume annually about 400,000
bushels of wheat. The millers supply themselves in a great measure
with grain from the market, and these mills are now turning out a goodly
quantity of flour which forms a small addition to our daily supply. Mr.
C. N. Bement, has also a small steam mill in Hudson street, for flour-
ing various kinds of grain for family use.
^3. Eliza, wife of G. G- Vandenburgh of this city, died at Burdelt,

Tompkins aged 60.

co.,
4. A on the corner of Broad and Nucella streets consumed two
fire
buildings, one of them owned and occupied by Mr. Thomas Fisher, who
some time since lost his eye sight at a fire in Green street, since which
he had been allowed the privilege of selling coffee and cakes from a
wagon in State street for a subsistence. The fire was undoubtedly the
work of an incendiary. While the fire was at its height, and Mr. Fisher
and his family had escaped from the house, and the excitement some-
what subsided, he made known to several friends that a trunk, which
was on the first floor under his bed, contained, besides valuable papers,
over $100 in money. Mr. William Bradt, a courageous and daring
young man, volunteered to attempt its rescue, and the next moment was
in the room. The bed and a portion of the floor was on fire, and the
room filled wilh smoke. The young man secured the trunk, but was so
near suffocated as to be unable to regain the street wilh it, and was
drawn from the building with the trunk in his at ms, by one of the hooks
of a hook and ladder company, completely exhausted. His hands, eye-
brows and clothes were much singed. An offer from Mr. Fisher of $100
as a reward for his intrepidity, was promptly declined by him.
5. Fanny, wife of John C. FTeermance died, ased 43 The street
committee of the common council reported in favor of opening Lydius
slreet, from Allan to Magazine street, which would make that street an
uninterrupted thoroughfare of thirteen miles in length.
6. Rachel, wife of Peter Putman, died at Canajoharie, aged 40 for-
;

merly of Albany The evening boat for New York was detained by
Ike foe till 6 o'clock this morning. The boat due this morning from
New York did not arrive til! 3 o'clock in the afternoon Robert H.
Pruyn elected to the Assembly by a majority of 292 votes over the de-
mocratic competitor, Dr. Barent P. Slaals. The entire whig ticket
elected in the city.
364 Annals of Albany, 1849.
7. Sarah, wife of Robert Collins died, aged 41... ... ..The following
table is an abstract of the official returns of the county vote:
DEM. WHIG. MAJ.
/adtctary-Jewett 6218 Spencer 5916 302
Hogeboom 5569 Wrisht 6766 1197
State Lott 5604 W. Hunt 6933 1329
Randall 5729 Morgan 6359 1130
Chatfield 6127 Stevens 6244 117
Welch ..5713 A. Hunt 6372 1159
Campbell 5917 Seymour 6660 743
Follett 6131 Beach 6444 313
Clark 6235 Squire 6369 134
Sector McKwen 6041 Johnson.. 6466 425
f Fenner 6059 Beardsley* 6335 326
^,'or/c B'anchard 5909 Lay*... 6593 639
Justice- Daw 5769 McKown* 6612 852
Coroners Brower* 6199 Liindon* 6362
Parker 60,30 Winne*... 7041
Wadsworth 6019 Blaisdell 6018
Elected.
8. Thefollowing gratifying testimonial of the skill and enterprise of
artists, mechanics and horticulturists of Albany and viciniiy, was
awarded by the American Institute upon articles exhibited at Us late
fair: Wilson, Thorburn & Geller, Albany, for a very fine assortment of
apples 6 Nos. Hovey's Fruit the same for a fine assortment of pears
;

Downing's Fruit Trees. Robert Selkirk, Bethlehem, Albany county,

for the best and largest pumpkins Bridgman's Gardner's Assistant.
H. L. Emery, Albany, corn and seed planter, and drill bearer silver
medal the same for improved overshot threshing machine and sepa-
;

rator silver medal the same for best churn

; silver medal the same j

for the best ox yoke diploma the same for the best hay, straw and
;

stalk cutter, curved knives diploma also for a;dyanometer for testing
ploughs silver medal. Smith & Feltman, best Britannia ware silver
medal. D. Harris, jr., bronze velvet window shades diploma. D. E.
Gavit, for daguerreotypes diploma. Learned, for superior cooking stove
and W. Cobb, hotel range, received medals. Boardman &, Gray, Dolce
Campana attachment to piano forte silver medal. Satterlee, cast iron
mirror frames highly gilt and burnished 'Silver medal.
9. After nearly a week of rainy weather the river commenced rising,
and the merchants on the dock began to hoist their goods to the second
loft A Drummond light exhibited successfully for the first lime in
this city,from the top of the Museum Canal boat Hartford, be-
longing to J. H. Mallory &. Co. arrived from Buffalo with 875 barrels of
flour between decks the largest quantity ever brought by one boat
John Gill died, aged 39.
10. Such of the forwarders and flour merchants along the dock and
pier as had not secured Iheir stock from the freshet,
met with losses by
the sudden rise on Friday night. Every thing presented the appearance
of a spring freshet, only that the damage was much greater in not being
provided asainst, at a busy season. Much property was carried away
by the overflowing of the pier, and vessels even broke from their moor-
ings. The freshet extended as far as Hudson Mary Teresa Shal-
low died, aged 18.
 Annals of Albany, 1849. 365
11. The water in the river had fallen two feet since Friday night....
Trinity Church took fire from its furnace in the evening, but was only
slightly damaged Samuel W. Harned died, aged 59. Mrs. Ho-
nourah Conway died, aged 52.
12. Capt. Samuel A. Brooks, died
13. Ann Stewart died, aged 33 Josiah Murton, a hand on a
schooner, fell overboard and was drowned age 17, ; Annual meet-
ing of Albany County Medical Society; address by Dr. James Me-
Naughton. on cholera.
14. Mary A., wife of George E. Cady died, aged 37. The Emmet
Guards went down to New York to participate in the funeral obsequies
of Gen. Worth on the 15th.
15. Philo Colvard died, aeed 74. Hannah Margaret, wife of TJK as
Jordan, late of Albany, died at Troy, aged 26 Jacob Smith, ,Hw
of Albany, was robbed at'Dansville, Livingston county, of $4000 Worm
of jewelry.
16. Thomas McGuire died, aged 34.
17 The rail road took from this city and delivered in Boston, during
the week ending this day, 29,300 barrels flour, averaging nearly 5000
barrels a day.
19. Deidamia, widow of the late Timothy Adams, of Barre, Mass.,
died, aged 74 Joseph Mayhew,mate of a Rhode Island sloop, fell
overboard and was drowned; aged 40 Very rainy, from New
York to Buffalo.
20. Selah Belden died, aged 35 Canal receipts at Albany;
Flour 9,743 brls .; ashes 26 do; beef 284 do; pork 10 do; whiskey, &c.
42 do: corn 15,268 bushels; barley 7. 630 do oats 6,159 do; rye 3,960
;

do; wheat 2,2^)0 do; potatoes 7 do; butter 11,523 Ibs. ; woo!27,130 do ;
hams and bacon 29,370 do.
21. The canal boat Hartford, Capt. Van Alstyne, which left Buffalo
on the 10th tnst, arrived at this port with 910 barrels flour shipped to
J. H. Mallory & Co Henry H. Dodge died by the wound of a pin.
aged 18.
22. Nearly300 emigrants came up from New York, among whom were
a number of Hungarians Burglars entered the stores of L. M. Gil-
bert and Averill & Marshall on the dock, blasted the safe open, and re-
tired with a few dollars in copper coin and counterfeit bills.
23. Collins W. Simonds died, aged 30 Canal receipts at Albany,
Nov 23: Flour 22,101 barrels; ashes 64 do beef 1,816 do; whiskey,
;

&c. 202 do; corn 8,750 bushels; barley 13,713 do oats 7,823 do; wheat
;

2,010 do peas 46 do potatoes 693 do seed 6,300 Ibs butter 57.950

; ; ; ;

do wool 14,954 do hams and bacon 4,292 do.

; ;

24. Barbary Hamburgh died, ased 24 A laborer by the name

of Couehlin, fell from the Cathedral and was killed his age 35. ;

25. Mary Brower died, aged 71. Maurice O'Conner died, aged 70.
Patrick McNamara died, aged 44. Mrs. Martha Jacobs died, aged 68.
26. Martha Russell, of New Bedford, died, aaed 76 The Water
Works Company proposed to supply the city more effectally with wa-
ter by increasing their capital to $450,000, and forcing water up from
the river The finance committee of the common council reported
that the sum of $168,003 36 be raised by a tax for the support of the city
government for the ensuing year. We annex a statement of the amounts
necessary to meet the wants for the several departments :

31
366 Annals of Albany, 1849.
For expenses of night police $18,000-00
11
public lamps 10,000'UO
"
contingent expenses
$3000000
" (ordinary)
expense of fire department 20,00000
On account of payment to pier proprietors to ob-
tain their consent to ihe law relative to ex-
penditures for excavating Albany Basin, &c. 10,000 00
60.000-00
To pay interest on city debt 45.500'GO
On account of sinking fund 10 000-00
For support of common schools 9,003 -36
" alterations and
repairs to district school No. 10 500-00
For temporary relief of city poor 5,000-00
For probable balance that will remain unpaid May 1, 1850,
on assessments and apportionments for improving streets,
&c approved and confirmed during the year ending No-
,

vember 1, 1849 10,000 '00

'.

$168,00-336
Canal receipts at Albany: Flour 13.503 barrels ashes 110 do beef ; ;

264 do; whiskey, &c 1*9 do corn 6.255 bushels; barley 16,129 do;
;

oats 5 006 do; rye 3. 546 do; wheat 8300 do; peas 125 do; potatoes
2,575 do seed 19,000 Ibs; butter 80,930 do; cheese 68,260 do; wool
;

12,15* do.
Mrs. Elizabeth M. Noyes died
27. The upper barley lofts of
John Taylor, on the dock, gave way and carried every thing with them
into the cellar.
28. Canal receipts at Albany: Flour 31.340 barrels; ashes 147 do;
beef 2,410 do; pork 77 do \\iiiskey &c 64 do; corn 1,178 bushels;
; ,

barley, 4.354 do; oats 7C60 do rye 2,000 do; wheat 431 do
; peas 340 ;

do poiatoes 1.923 do seed 45,000 Ihs; butler 120,000 do ; cheese 199,-

:
;

540 do wool 35,733 do hams and bacon 4.526 do.

; ;

29. Thanksgiving The Albany and New York steam tug Oswego
arrived at New York having 41 Canal barges and boats in tow, all deeply
laden with produce of various kinds, the largest and almost the last
tow of the season Philo Redman murdered on the Schenectady
turnpike.
30. James Birmingham died, aged 50 The canal receipts at Al-
bany during the 4th week in Nov. were Flour 103.743 barrels ashes ;

466 do beef 9459 do; pork 587 do whiskey, &c 737 do; corn 24.902
; ;

bushels barley 52,906 do oats 32,458 do rye 9.716 do wheat 14.241

; ; ; ;

do; peas 765 do potatoes 7 970 do seeds 147.615 Ibs butler 533,270
; ; ;

do; cheese 10,725 do; lard 137,280 do wool 121..865 do; hams and ;

bacon 14.146 do.

The net income of L. Van Deusen, Clerk of Albany county, for last
year, as reported by him to the board of supervisors, is $5,517 f
 Albvny Real and Personal Estate and Taxes. 367
I I OODOOfNOOaoOO
oi^cii-iaot^or^GD
00 Oi-IOOi-H O O

v
f
1 JggSgSS
12 2<5i ~iS

CD CO CD Tf CO
05 W
CO l> O W 1C
Ti<
i-H

1-1 lO i O O3 O CO <

Iff OVStOCBWOOlOOO
^ x 10 x o >o T? i^ to
c-.
T-*
o2 i-
I O
t>.
ro
I T-I00 O O
o"r
10 C)
o
~ ^=
ob go i> in
O Ci 00
/
!>
1
'

2* j^

OCJgOOO^CNQOSO
;
7- I I

^l^sgii* 5 (N O CO * W
i

EOO^OCCC^TOO'^
02 ^5Ot^<Mi-iO^Or
8|S|: 1*' ^* 10 ^r o
O c; O OO
* r

tllli i-l l r-l

8 - O t~ ITS

>
'
00 00 00 O
C O i-"<t C^ >
1
!
O C-l
'

) 00 ^H 10 Ci '
1-* '

o t * ^ ao cs ^
1

<

Js
-3 i~aosT*<t>.^'ooi-ioo
go. 4ferH T-I r-( -l CM
^s
Our-r-oooJOOicoo
T. o OO O U5 ^ t^ to T-I
I

PecS-4>aoa5opP>
^-*ot^C5QOCOOi?5>-
iO OO
3 r
O CC O> C O -H-
'

I
?*iSi!
?555ii(?i
cotoogiioao^'C'Jooto
1
s^es^ijs^s
sico-oqt-^
o.
885S88J5E38

I
sill | III
368 Bond of the Aldermen of Schenectady, 1766.

BOND OF THE ALDERMEN OF SCHENECTADY, 1766.

The following is printed from the autograph copy, found among the
Vrooman papers, of a bond given by the Aldermen and assistants of Sche-
nectady, in 1766 to carry out certain measures in case of their
being
sworn into office. The orthography and capitalizing of the original is
preserved throughout :

Know all men by

these Presents, That wee John Sanders Caleb Beck,
Abraham Fonda Joseph R. Yaties, John Glen Junr. &. Ryer Schermer-
horn Esqrs. Kllecied aldermen for the Borrough town of Schenectady. and
Henry Glen, Nicolas Van Petten, John Vioger. Jnnr. Abm. Wemple,
Nicolas DeGraat, &
Andries Trnax Gentlemen Ellected Assistants lor
said Borrough, are Jointly &
Severally held &
firmly bound unto Isaac
Vrooman &. John Duncan Esqrs. of said Borrough in the Sum of Five
hundred Pounds Current Money of the Province of New York to be paid
to the said Isaac Vrooman &
John Duncan for which Payment well
& truly to bee made wee hereby
bind ourselves severaly &. Joinly firmly
by these Presents tealed with our Seals dated this 5th. day of Deer. 1766,
in the Seventh Year of His Majesty s Reign
The Condition of this Obligation is Such That if the above Bounden Al-
dermen &, assistants as above, Shall do well &
truly Qualify in their res-
for the Borrough of
pective Ofices as aldermen &, assistants Schenectady
within Eight days af.er the Governor Grants a New or additional Charter
for the said Borrough with the Alterations or Amendments to the Present
Charter of the foilowing Articles Vizt. That the Boundarys of the Corpo-
ration shall be extended according to letters Pattent dated Novr. 6th.
1764, And that the Aldermen shall not be for life, but that, they shall be
Ellected Yearly or Every throe years, as the Governor shall be pleased to
Grant, And that none of the Inhabitants of said Borrough shall be Oblig'd
to take out a Licence for there Wagons but to use them at there will and
Pleasure And that the Children of the Freeholders and free men give a
Certain Sum Not Exceeding Six Shillings for there freedome then this Ob-
ligation to be Vo d and of no Effect otherwise to remain in full force.
Sealed and Delivered John Sanders
in the presence of us
Matthew Lynd
Calb
,.
B k
Alexander Campbell Abraham Fonda
Joseph R. Yates
Jno Glen Jr.
John Glen Jrfor Ryer Schermerhom
Signed Sealed k delivered by Jno Glen Junr. for
Ryer Schermerhorn, in Presence.of us
Alexander Campbell
Edward Burrowes
Henry Glen
Signd Scald & Deliverd in the Presenc of us Nicolaes Van petten

Alexander Campbell Jwm Wempel

Aendres Truax
ni^olas degraf
 INDEX.

Albany, plan of, 136 Albany burgesses corps, 44 Balloon ascension, 175
" " emmet guards, 44 Band and fancy boxes, 225
ancient, 137
u distance from prin "
Washington rifle- Banishment, sentence of, 204
cipal cities, 138 men, 44 Banks, 31
" "
first visited, Abeel, johannis, 25. 152
138 of albany, 31, 317
" N. Y. stale, 32
charter granted, 14 Academy, albany, 75, 286
" " mech. and farmer's,
architecture, 141 female, 80
"
county, 142 Adams, J. Q., 166
" " towns in 1790 "
Agassiz lecturesj 166 commercial, 33
142 Agency, 209 canal, 33
" " " incor Agricultural society, 342 albany city, 33
porated, 145 Agricultural implements, 209 albany exchange, 33
" Alarm bell, 346 "
incorporated, 145 savings, 34
" Banks, N. O., 360
population 1795, 15J Albertsen, hendrick, 22
in 1789, 314 Allen, james, 354 Baptist society, 163
" in 1796, 316 Allen, C P ,'357 Barbers, 209
in 1823, 305 Alida, speed of, 171 Barley, 266, 361
" charter officers, 37 Barlow's prediction, 304
Alida, speedy trip, 353
" Alms-house, 159, 161, 165
penitentiary, 149 Barnburners, 159, 160, 161,
bank of, 31 166,319,341,355.357 174, 177
"
city bank, 33 Anti.renters, 160, 166, 178 Barry, bill, 346
"
exchange bank, 33 Anti-rent convention, 361 Barry, thos., 325
" savings bank, 34 Appeals, first court of, 159 Basin, 310, 346
" ins. company, 34 Arbnr hill burying ground, Basket-maker, 225
" academy, 75 161, 350 Bassett, J., 89, 1 19
" " cornei Arbor hill school, 48, 350 Bath, 316
stone laid, 76 Architects, 209 Bath ferry, 345
" female academy, 80 Armorial bearings, 90 Baths, 225
" si oop in 1796, 153 Arms of rensselaerswyck,198 Batteaux, 264
" evening journal cir- Armsby, dr., 342 Batlerman, C., S40
culation, 167 Arsenal, 309 Batty, B. B., 351
" hort. society, 177 Artillery, 356, 359 Bay, andrew, 130
" and boston rail road Artists, 209 Beaver kill, 146
receipts. 177 Artists' materials, 225 Beavers, price of, 194
" gal of fine arts, 39 Artists' premiums, 364 Beck, T. R , 76
" exchange co. 39 Assault and battery, 161 3edstead makers, 209
" water works co. 40 Associations, &c. 317 3eekman, Johannes, 278
"
hydrant co. 40 Attorneys, 36 Beeren island, 198-9
" and cohoes rail road Auctioneers, 209 Bell-hanger, 225
company, 40 Aurora borealis, 162, 166, Bell, st peter's, 285
" society of brotherly 169, 173 Bell-founder, 225
love, 42 Autumn, 265, 359 Belden, selah, 365
" city tract society, 43 Avarice of al banians, 272 Bement, C. N., 363
" county bible soc. 43 Bachelor tax, 161 Benedict, L., P. M , 341
" medical so- Baker, J. B., 351 Bern, 145
ciety, 43 Bakers, 209 3eth Jacob, 134, 170
" and rensselaer hor- lakers prosecuted, 160 3ethel for watermen, 133
ticultural soc. 43 Bakker, wm. juriaensen, 19, Sethel congregation, 136
" Bethel, Jacob, 347
repub. artillery, 44 24
370 Index.

Bethlehem, 145, 202 Burgoyne, 256

Bethlehem turnpike compa-
ny, 320
Beverwyck, 140
Bible society, albany county,
229
Bible, groesbeck, 249
Bird, stuffer, 225
Birmingham, 366
Births, marriages and deaths,
235
Births, quadruple, 349
Blacksmiths, 209
Black, J. R 347
,

Blake, H.,
362
Bleecker, rutger, 25
Bleecker, harmanus, 190,
276, 299, 353
Block and pump-makers, 209
Bloodgood, capt.. 258
Board of trade, 41, 165, 320.
348
Board of supervisors, 322
Boarding houses, 209
Bogart, D. S. 130
Bone dealer, 225
Bonnet and straw goods, 225
Bonnet bleacher, 225
Book-binders, 209
Book-sellers and publishers,
210
Booksellers, 1772, 325
Boston, trade with, 46
Boston rail-road, 341, 362.
265
Boston ferry, 345
Boot and shoe dealers, 210
Boot and shoe-makers, 210
Bowne, rohert, sailed, 343
Bowling alleys, 210
Boyd's island, 139
Bradford, J. M., 89, 90
Bradt de normal). 139
Bradt, albert andriessen, de
noorman. 15
Bradt, wm 363
Brannon. james, 345
Brass-founders, 210
Breadstuff's received, 164
Bread, 266, 336
Brewery, 202, 205
Brewers, 210
Bricks, manufacture of, 158
Brick makers. 210
Bridge over basin, 168. 349
" " hud son river
Britton, S. B 135
Brock, S. A. 365
Brodhead documents, 344
Brokers, 210
Bronck, pieter, 23
Brown, J. C. 358
Brash maker, 225
Buildings, 72
Builders, 210 ^
 Index. 371

City tavern, 295 Corsets, 225 Diseases, 295

City finances, 48 Cotter, John, 351 Dist. school celebration, 160,
City appointments, 169, 170 oughlin, 365 172
City and co. buildings, 71 Counterfeiters arrested, 347 Docks, 281
City records, 103 Counsellors, 213 Documents, brodhead, 344
Civil officers, 302 iourtright, P. 34 1 Dodge, H. H. 365
Civil engineer, &c. 225 Dourtright, L. 343 Dogs muzzled, 169
Clark, ralph, 359 bounty officers, 49 Dog law, 336
Clark, G. T. 349 Bounty taxes, 342 Dominie's house, 102, 121
Clark, james, died, 160 Counties, list of, 50, 55 Donnelly, P. 361
Clay, H., in albany, 358 County towns, distances, 313 Donahue, John, 359
Clergy, list of, 35 County clerk fees, 366 Dorr, alfred, 347
Clergymen, 212 County medical society, 318 Douglas, D. B. 361
Clemshire, wm. 355 Court, justices'j 168, 172 Draughtsman, 225
Clocks, 212 ourt, 337, 336 Dredger, &c. 225
Closing of canals, 326 Crane, L. H. 345 Dress- makers, 214
Clothing stores, 212 X rape, import of, 323 Drouth, 265
Clothes cleaner, 225 U. S. 282
reditors, Drugs, medicines, &c. 214
Cluett, P. 359 Crier, 225 Drum-maker, 225
Coach painter, 225 Crippen, John, 359 Drummond light, 364
Coach ware, &c. 212 Crittenden, alonzo, 82 Dry goods, 214
Coal dealers, 212 Criminal calendar, 161, 165 Dry goods, 1790, 322
Coal, 146, 165, 312, 361 177, 179 Du Bois, G. 88
Cobb, E. 349 Curdy, J. 359 Durant, dark, 134
Co-directors, 206 Curler, arent van, 15 Dutch church, 86, 269
Custom house, 46 " buiials, 235
Coeymans, 145
"
Cofiee factories, 212 Customs, ancient, 119 '3d, 356
Cohoes, 147 Cuyler, C. J. 352 Dutchmen, 271
Cohoes village charter, 172 Daguerreotypes, 214 Dutchman, sunday, 351
Cohoes rail road, 40, 168, Daly, michael, 345 Dutch parsimony, 307
171. 349 Dam, jan jansen, 16 Dyers, 215
Colonie, 140. 311 Daniels, warner, 341 Dyke, 46
Colonie, regulations, 191 Davenport, J. B. 349 Hagle engine company, 40
Cold days, 163, 165, 167, 169. Davis, W. A 359 Easterbrook, 347
178,181,182,244, 341,342 Days, length of, 55 Eating houses, 215
Cole, ^V. B. 341 Dean, capt. 261 Economy, 273
Columbia steamer up, 345 Deals, exported, 266 Eights, dr. J. 175, 343
Colvard. philo, 365 Deaths, 2^5. 336 Election, city, 347
Cold. 268, 329 Debt, 48, 346 Election returns, 364
Commercial bank, 33, 317 Debt, imprisonment, 323 Election, presidential, 180
Common council, 59, 311 De groff, O. G. 351 Elkens, J. J. 139, 185
Common council, new, 347 Dellius, G. 88 Ellison, rev. T 285, 286
Commis-ion merchants. 212 " Elliott, H. 348
deposed, 95
Common schools, 366
" Elm tree, 284, 237
salary subs'ed, 104
Commercial despatch, 173 Delavan. H. W. 77 Emerson, wm. B. 172
Commerce, ancient, 258, Democratic nominations,163 Emmet guards, 365
260, 270 36U Emigration, 275
^'CombVand fancy goods, 225
'
Democratic convention, 159 Emmons, E. 342
"
meeting, 161 Empire wrecked, 349
Confectioners, 213 Dentists, 36, 214 English preaching, first, 121
Constitution, adoption of, ce Dennison, wm. 334 Eiig. first set. pastor, 121
lebrated, 330 Depot, large, 174 English church, 269, 284^5
Convention, const. 330 De russy, a'.ida, 345 Engine companies, 319
Contribution bag, 90 De win clinton engine com. Engine house, 74
""
Conveyances in 1796, 155 pany, 40 affray, 159, 162, 172,174
Conveyances in 1746, 274 Dewey, O. 241, 349 Engineers' meeting, 341
Cook, capt. John, 167 Diamond, J W. 352 Engravings, 215
Coopers, 213 Die sinker, 225 Ensign, T. 358
Coorn, nich >las, 22. 199, 200 Diligent fire engine, 285 Erie canal, prediction, 304
Copper-smiths, 213' Dire etc ry, 1849, 25 Estates of merchants, 271
Coroner. 225 Distances from albany to Evans, david, 348
Coroner, accident to, 170 various points, 62 to 70, Evangelical lulh. church, 122
Corn, large arrival, 159, 161 313 Evening journal, 346
Corporation, lavish, 307 Distillers, 214 Exchange bank, 33, 317
Corporations, ICQ 317 Distins, 352 Exchange co., albany, 39
372 Index.

Exchange company, 320 Fort hunter plank road, 321

Execution place, tory, 290
Expenditures, city, 48
Expenses, 48, 311
Experiment, sloop, 261
Expresses, 215
Express, alhany morning, 159
Express routes, 12
Family rec. groesbeck, 247
Fancy goods, 215
Fancy box-maker, 225
Fargo, F. 358
Far west, 275
Farnham, lewis, 342
Fashions, 323
Fassett, amos, 343
Fast, national, 355
Fay, dr. 341
Featherly, J. 345
Federalists, 330
Feed store, 225
Female academy, 352, 353
Ferries, 310, 336
Ferry-master, first, 22
Figurative map, 139
File cutters, 225
Finding stores, 215
Fink, fred. 342
Fink, elias, 356
Fine for calumny, 104
Fires, 159, 160, 162, 164,
16fi, 168, 170, 171, 172,
173, 174, 175, 177, 179,
180, 181, 182, 341, 34-2,
343, 344, 346. 847, 348,
350, 351, 352, 353, 356
Fire engines, 225, 285, 311
Fire law, new, 181
Fire department, 319
Fire departm't charities, 164
"
reorganized, 178, 181
Fire police, 319, 349
Fire, anniversary of, 356
Firemen's insurance co. 34
Fire brick, 215
First great west, turnpike, 41
First pres. church, 293
Fisk, francis, 344
Fish, hamilton, inaug. 341
Fisher, 361
Fisher, T. D. 363
Fishing tackle, 225
Flour, 159, 161, 162, 163, 178
Flour, large transport, 160
Flour arrival, 352, 356, 357,
362, 364, 365, 366
Flour dealers, 215
Flouring mills, 363
Florists and nurserymen, 215
Fog, 362
Foot race, 162, 179
Foot, ebenezer, 80
Forgery, 163, 171, 176, 348
Fort, 270, 2S4, 286, 287, 312
Fort on beereu island, 198-9
 Index. 373
Hose depot, 358 Keeler, C. 343 Mahogany, 220
Housatonic trains, 164, 313 Keeler, S. 361 Mails iu olden times, 56
Houses in albany, 1786, 85 Kennedy, dr. 353 Mail delayed, 360
Houses, 201, 269, 270, 311. Kidney, John, 346 Maize, 266
314, 316 Know) tun, J. \V. 349 Malloy, R. 357
Hotday 350,351,352
: Cnox incorporated, 145 Malsters, 220
Hudson river, 270, 324 {oeymans,parent pieterse,17 Manufacturers, 359
Hudson liver sloop, 153 ioorn, nichoiaus, 22 Vlanufacturing law, 160
Hudson river rail road, 359 see coorn Manners, 314
Hudson, henry, sailed from Labbadie, jan, 16 Vlarble manufactures, 220
amsterdam, I Lace goods, 219 Market, cattle, 309
" in
N.Y. 9
harbor, Lafayette, 335 Market, 178
Hughes, 351 Laferty, D. 350 Market lot, 309
Humphrey, F. 347, 343 Lamps, 48, 366 Marriages, 295
Hungarian emigrants, 365 Lancaster school, 74, 309, Martin, J.348
Hun, thos. 163, 169 312 Mai tin, john, 362
Husthouse, H. 350 Lansing, C. D. R. 337 Martin, rev. B installed, 164
,

Hydrant company, 40 Last day, 162 Martin gerritsen's island,139

Hydrant company dissolved. Law booksellers, 219 Marvin, wm. 349
350 Leather dealers, 2 19 Marvin, henry, 352
Ice, 168,341,345,363 Lee, thos. 167 Mason, L. B. 135
Ice left, 168 Legal restrictions, 189 Masons, 220
Ice dealers, 219 Legislature, dinner to, 347 Masonic, 45
Images, 226 Legislature, 165 Mass, high, 345
"
Imprisonment for debt, 323 adjourned, 169 Matson, J 350
Income, city, 49. 172 Levings, N. 342 Mayors of albany, 25
Incorporated companies, Lewis's tavern, 285 Mayer, F. G 122, 125
taxes on, 342 Lewis, B. 341 M'auley, M, 357
Indian baptisms, 96 Liberty meeting, 170 M'caler, 356
Indian treaty, first, 186 Lightning, 355 M'clellan, R. 322
Indians cheated, 264, 271 Lights aid shadows of tra- M'closky, J installed, 159
,

Indian conferences, 274 veling, 153 M' cotter. N. 357

India rubber goods 226 Linn, dr. 90 M'culloch, james, 343
Inhabitants, 266, 271, 314 Linseed oil, 226 M'd >nald, John, 130, 337
Ink, 319 Liquors, wines, &c 219 M'grath, james, jr. 312
Insects in water, 268 Lithographer, 226 M'guire, thomas, 365
Installation, 174, 182 Little basin, alarm bell, 346 M'kenna, peter, 345
Insurance companies, 34 Livery stables. 219 M'kenzie, george, 343
Intelligence offices ,219 Living, 273, 315 M'kown. michael, 341
I. O. O. F. 45
Livingston, Crawford, 162 M'laughlin, wm. 357
lolas, fireman, killed, 347 Livingston, J. H. 86, 88, 89 M'namara. 365
Ireland, 348 Lock-smiths, 220 M'naugh ton. james, 365
Ireland meeting, 171, 173,17' Looking-glass manf. 220 M'pherson, lachlan, died,163
Iron fence builders, 219 Low, warren 347 Meals, 273
Iron found ery, 226 Ludlow, rev John, 81 Mechanics' benefit soc. 42,
Island. 267, 312 Lumber, 220 320
Jacobsen, rulger, 19 Lumber inspector, 226 Mech. and farmers' bank, 32,
Jail, 309, 346 Lutheran church, 122 317, 348
Jansen, michel, 18 Lutherans persecuted, 122 Mechanics' school, 74
January thaw, 342 tolerated, 123 Mechanics, premiums, 364
Jenkins, L. 356 first minister. 123 Medical society, state, 165,
Jersey blue propeller, 357 first church in 343
Jewish synagogues, 134 albany, 123 Med. society, albany co. 365
Jewelry. 219 cost of church, 125 Medical college, 342, 360
Jewett, N. A. 351 poor chest stolen, 127 edicines, 220
Johnson, capl. 261 Lyceum, nat. history, 312 Megapolensis, J. 21, S6, 192
Joselyn, C. 361 Lydius street. 363 call of, 92
"
Journal, albany evening, 16' Lytlius, B 2SS agreement with
Junk shops. 219 Lydius house, 288 patroon, 93
Jury, grand, 352 Lydius, J. 88 Menagerie, 172
" Merchants, 271
Justices, 219 john henry, 113
Justices' court. 168 Lyman, B. 354 Merchants' stock, 1790, 322
Kalm, peter, 262 Lynch, C. 343 Merchant, george. 278
Kane, wm 344 Machinists, 220 Message, 165, 341
Katskill, 196, 202 Mackintosh, john, 349 Messenger, albany, 349
 374 Index.

Meteor, 167 Nott, eliphalet, 130 Pier question, 359

Military, 44 Notaries, 221 Pierce, dr. 344
Military visit, 173 Nucella, 88 Pilsbury, amos, 342
Military encampment, 360 Nurses, 25, 2-21 Plan of albany, 136
Military goods, 220 O'brien, P. 366 Plane-makers, 222
Militia officers, 1790. 302 O'conner, 365 Plank road, 167,356, 360, 361
Mills' island, 267, 312 Oculist, 226 Planck, sheriff, 192
Miller, henry, 353 Odd fellows' hall, ISO Plan of albany, 306
Miles, John, 133, 346 Officers, 302 Plan of slate street, 284
Mills, 201 Officers of the city, 33 Platt, lydia, died, 159
Milliners, 220 &c. 73
Offices, Plait, ananias, 56
Ministers dutch church, 91 Ogden, D. B. 353 Plumbers, 226
Ministers pre*b. church, 130 Oil-cloth factories, 221 Plumb level, 226
Ministers declined, 274 Oil, 2-26 Pohlman, H.N.I 25
Minutes of consistory, 91 Olive branch, 258 Police, night. 48, 266
Minerals, 146 O!d hunkers, 159, 178 Pontifical high mass, 174
Miss, sabbath school, 342 Omnibus, newton's corners, Poor, 48. 315, 342, 347, 355,
JVFochrie, michael, 342 161 366
Mohawk ice, 345 Opening of canals, 329 Poor, medical attendance, ,

Mohawk and hudson rail- Opt cal instruments, 226 165

road, 40, 46, 141, 178, 321 O'reilly, 359, 360 Population, 312, 314
Monkland, thomas, 353 Oregon, 345, 348 Po pesses, 207
Moore, John, 355 Organ, first in albaiiy, 129 Portrait painters, 222
Morey, John D. 353 Orphan fair, 342 Portuguese exiles, 347, 361
Morgan, thomas I. 361 Orphan asylum, 167 Porter-houses, 222
Morgan, tobias, 353 Osborne arrested, 343, 350 Post offices, list of, 50
Morocco, 220 Osborn, John, 349 Post routes, 1848, 57
Morris, L. N. 181 Ostrander, J. C. 343 Post roads, 1797, 58
Morton, J. 365 Overslaugh, 3( 4, 312 Postage, cheap system, 303
Mosher, G. M. 354 Oxen, large, 344 Post-office, 335
Mossop, G. 360 Oysters, 221 Post, victor, 353
Moss, thoroas, 353 Pacey, edward, 355 Potatoes, 266
Murphy, P 350 Packard, iV. R 342 Potters' ware, 222
Murtough, T. 349 Page, D. P. 164 Powder house, 309
Music teachers, 220 Page, david L. 85 Powers, John, 350
Musquitoes, 157 Painters, 221 Preaching in english, 121,
Mutual ins. company. 34, 321 Paints, oils and glass, 221 125, 129
Myndert, harman, 23 Palisades, 137 Presbyterian ch., first, 293
Nailor, 226 Pangburns, 349 Presbyterian church, WO
Nails, manufacture of, 330 Paper hangings, 221 united. 132
Nail works burnt, 360 Paper waiehouse, 221 new, 161
"
Navigation, improved, 46 Parks, 309 corner stone.
Navigation closed, 164 Parsimony, duich, 307 163
Neill, win. 131 Parsons, L. sprague, 82 Premium article?, 359
Neptune engine company, 40 Passage agents, 221 Prentice, sartelle, 362
New york state bank, 32 Pasture ot d utch church, 101, Pretty, sheriff, 265
New Scotland, 145 121 Printers, 222
New netherland, first "So call- Pastor, petition for, 104 Printers on copper, 222
ed, 183 Patent of dutch church, 115 Printing establishments, 310
New world, 350, 355 Patent of ch'h pasture, 101 Printing office, southwick's,
New world, speed of, 353 Patern-makers, 221 285
Newton, isaac, steam boat, Patent agency. 226 Piint. office, hosf >rd's, 286
346, 348, 360 "alterson, G. W., inaug. 341 Print, office. Webster's, 287
Newton's cor's omnibus, 161 Patterson. John, 341 Prisoners, 348, 350
Newman, H. A. 360 Paving streets, 316 Produce, 222
Newspaper depots, 221 Peas, 266 Produce, large arrival, 163
Newspaper offices, 71, 221, 'eelen, brand t, 15 Property depreciated, 307
310 Pelican, 275 Provision dealers. 223
Niewenhuysen, 87 enitentiary, 149, 162, 167, Pruyn, R. H. 303
Night scavenger, 226 341, 342, 353 Pruyn, samuel. 342, 348
Noorman, albert andriessen 'ension agent, 226 Public buildings, 71 315, 316
,

de, 15, 139 'eriodicals, 37 Public places, offices, &c.

Normal school, 84. 159, 169. 'ersonal estate, 342 226
178,297,354,359,360 Physicians. 37. 221 Public square. 309
Northern winter, 328 o- fortes, 222 Publications, 71
 Index. 375
Pulpit, ancient, 91, 193 Rutgerson, ryckert, 19 Settlers, first, 315, 15
Punishments, 189 Rutten kill, 146, 158 Seward nominated, 343
Quarantine, 257 Ryan, John, 351 Sewer, hamilton street, 349
Querk, M. 363 Rye, 266 Sewing machine, 346
Quick trip of a sloop, 345 Sabbath evening school, 79 Sextons, 223, 355
Quhman, gen. 165 Sabbath violations, 103 Seymour, wm. 46
Rail road to new york, 166 Sabbath in schenefitady, 104 Seymour, R. 350
" Sabbath school, mission, 342 Shade manufacturer, 226
albany and echoes
168, 171 Saddles, trunks and harness Snarls, John, eulogy, 173
" Shaker donation, 181
depot, 174 52, 223
speed, 178, 179 Sail boat capsized, 350 Sheriff insulted, 166
" mohawk and hud. Sail makers, 223 Sheridan, D. 362
son, 46 Salaries of officers, 190 Shingles, 266
"
speed, do. 47 Salmon, 355 Ship stores. 226
" Salt kettle, large, 358
boston, 341 Shippine, 311
"
housatonic, 343 Salutations, 270 Shipboy, thos. 286
" Sandlake plank read, 320
car, novel, 348 Ship fever, 161
Rain, 355, 356, 359, 360, Sanders, john, 284, 368 Ship chandler, 226
361, 362, 365 Sanford, wm. 358 Shrove tuesday, 103
Rain s'orm, 174 Sargent, parker, 352 Sickles, james, 353
Randall, S. S. 347 Sash makers, 223 Signs, complaint, 350
Rare bird, 275 Savings bank. 345 Silk and worsted trimming,
Real and personal est. 367 Saw filers, 223 226
Real estate ;igents, 223 Sax-honi performance, 352 Silver plater, 226
Real estate, 341 Schaats, G. 87, 103 Silver smiih, 226
"
Rerruits for raexico, 174 agreement to preach. Silver ware manufacture,226
Redman, philo. 365 84 Simonds, C. W. 365
Refectories, 223 children, 95 Simons, John, 359
Ref. prot. dutch church, 86
" 164 Sisters of charity, 342
anneke,
Relief of fire sufferers, 177 Schenectady rail road, 321. Skippers. 223
Rensselaers-stein, 198-9 362 Slack, 358
Rensselaerville, 145 Schenectady turnpike com- Slater, 226
Rensselaerswyck, settlers, 15 pany, 321 Slander case, 103
"
colony of, 183 Schenectady aldermen, 321. Sieighins:, 164
" 368
purchased, 187 Sloop of 1796, 153
codirectors, 206 Schenectady children, free- Sloops, north river, 153,310
" dura of, 368
vested in van Sloop, speed. 260, 345
rensselaer family, 206 Schermei horn, Jacob jansen, Sloop sunk, 355
Rensselaerville pk. road, 360 22 Sloop voyages 260, 261
Rennie, \vm. 343 Schermerhorn, J. L. 351 Smith. S. R. 135
Reporter, 226 Schmidt, F. W. 129, 169 Smith, G. 351
Revplutionary scene, 289 Schoharie plank road, 346. Smith, J. B. 354
Revolutionary soldier?, 121 356, 360 Smith, Jacob, 365
Reynold?, propeller, 349 Schools, 74 Smith, M. J., attacked, 167
Riot, 170, 352 School of 1785, 79 Smith, Caroline, 171
Rivers, 146 School appropriation, 79, 169 Snow, 1G5, 178; 181, 344
River opened, 168 Schools, common, 48 Snow, first, 362
River closed, 165 School buildings, 48 Soap and candles, 223
River, hurlson, 324 School, union, 80 Societies, 42
River low, 352 Schooner sunk, 352 Soda manufacturers, 224
River, clos. and opening, 326 Schoonmaker, John 350 Soil, 315
Robbery, 160, 161, 162, 163, Schuyler, peter, mayor, 25, Sons of temperance, 45
J64, 165, 167, 168, 169, 37 South america, steam boat,
170, 171, 172, 173. 175, Schuyler, philip, 250, 282 355
178, 179, 181 Schuylers, influence of, 140 South baptist church, 347
Roberts, eapt. B. S. 168 Scoresby, 163 Southwick's printing office,
Robinson, james, 359 Scraffonl, G. H. 345 285
Roe, J. R. 351 Screw dock, 226 South wick, solomon, 276
Romeyn, J. B 131 Seceders, 128 Special sessions, 347
Routes of travel from al- Seed stores, 223 Speedy voyages, 260, 345
bany, 59 Segers, Cornelius, 22 Spencer, ambrose, 342, 349
Rudes, jason, 343 Sentences, 336, 337 Spencer, ambrose, died, 167
Rum shops presented, 167 Servants, 191, 273 prrtsmans club formed, 172
Russell, C. 353 Settlers arrived, 189 Sprague, T. D. 360
Russell, R. C. 362 Settlement, first, 312 Squire, S. 353
376 Index.

Staats, B. P. 363 Surgical instruments, 226 Trinity church, -142, 347, 365
Staas, abraham, 21, 123 Surveyor.*, 226 Trip to new york, 1797, 70
St. andrew's
society, 42 Sweep, 226 Trotting match, 179, 180
Statistics of county, 147 Swiss emigrants, 171 Trotter, mrs. 353
Stages in olden time, 56 Synagogues, 134, 163, 170 Troy road travel, 360
State buildings, 71 Synagogue, 347 Truesdell, martin, 354
Slate medical society, 165 Synod of albany, 360 Tryon, gov., in albany, 290
State hall, 369 Taggart, rev. mr. 354 Tubbs, erectus, 349
State hall fence, 361 Tailors and drapers, 224 Turner, 226
State library donation, 343 Tailors' prices, 36 Turnpike companies, 41
State normal school, 297 Tailoresses, 224 Type and stereotype found.
do. origin, 298 Tallow chandlers, 226 ers, 225
State street, 270 Talcott, D. VV. 351 Umbrellas, 225
State street, plan of, 234 Tarbell, N. 344 Undertakers, 226
State prisoners, 166 Tarolinta, 342 Universalist church, 138
Stationer, 226 Taxes, 341, 342, 362, 366, Unitarian soo. 34], 349, 354
Stafford, A. G. 352 365, 367 United states creditors, 283
Stansbury, A. J. 131 Taylor, John, 169 Upholsterers, 2-J5
Stanton, G. W. 347 Taylor, zach., in albany, 35e- Utica and schenectady R. R.
Standing committee*, 39 Taylor, gen. Z., elected, 180 321
Staves and lumber, 226 Teachers, 224 Valentines, 156
Steamboat, first up, 345 Teachers of dancing. 224 Van alstyne, M. 346
Steamboat landings, 177,341 Teachers, scarcity, 330 Van benthuysen, O. R. 356
Steamboat passengers, 348 Teacher of french, 226 Van brunt, R., installed, 162
do delayed, 360, 362. Tea dealers, 226 Van curler. 195, 205
363 Teal!, E M.347 Vander donck, 21, 192, 195
Steamboat speed, 170, 171, Telegraph, 164, 16o, 180, 341. Van driessen. 89
353 345, 350. 359, 360 Vanderlip, elia?, died, 176
Steam boat, 159 Temple, c<>'., returned, 176 Vanderheyden palace, 278
"
competition, 162 Ten broeck mansion, 173 Van deusen, L. 366
Steam propeller, 357 Ten eyck, C. A. 350 Van es. C. H. 21
Steam propeller albany, 171 Terlmsb, 360 Vanheusen, J. B. 357
Steam propel, mohawk, 173 Theatre, performances, 337 Van loon, Charles, died, 162
Steam propeller liarttord, 179 Thermometer, 328, 341, 314. Van ness, John, 346
Steam tug baltic, 169 350, 351, 352, 354 Van olinda, capt., killed, 159,
Steam packets,. 40 Thomas, E.359 173
Steam feed mil'l, 226 Thompson, richard, 169 Van rensselaer medal, 76
Steam sawing and planing, Tide, 268, 310 (:
manor purchase, 139
" N. 87. 103
Tierney, O. 356
Steam boiler explosion, 176 Tin, plate, and sheet-iron "
nichoias, 168, 204
Stevenson house, 283 " anna, 203
workers, 224 "
Stewart, J G. 357 Tobacco, snuff and cigars, jeremias, 204
St. John, M. 347 "
225 kiliaen, 203
St. John's church, 358 Tobacco establishment, 239 " S. 76
Stone 224 163 " S. 287
cu:ters, Tolls, philip
Storm of wind, 346 " 139
Tolls, canal, reduced, 346
.

kilian,
" K. K. 286
Storm, 350 Topp. John, 344
Stores, number of, 330 Tory execution place, 290 Van schaick, goosen, gerrit-
Stove dealers. 224 Tow, large, 366 sen, 19
Stove works, 224 Town hall, 2G9 Van schee, C. 88
St. peter's
church, 265 Towns, list of, 50 Van schelluyne, R. 347
" Mrs. R. D. 347
St. patrick, 345 incorporated, 145
St. Patrick's, 169 " 142 Van wagoner, 350
population 1790,
Strakosch, 350 Townsend, mrs. John, 356 Variety store?, 225
Streets, improvement of, 48 Townsend's furnace. 358 Vas, petrus, 88
Streets, lanes and alleys, 26 Townsend, dr. C. D., died, Vessels in port, 159, 162
Streams, 146 164 Vessels, numb, in port, 260
St. vincent, festival, 174 Tow Victuallers, 225
boat haul, 162, 168,
Suckers, 361 174, 179, 181 Vincent, St., festival of, 174
Sunday dutchman, 351 Tract society, 43 Vines, 267
Sunday school, 79, 163, 165 Trade and commerce of Volunteers returned from
Sunday trains, 164 canals, 9 mexico, 174
Sunday trade prohibited, 103 Travelling routes, 61 Voorzingers, 121
Supervisors, board of, 322 Treaty, norman's kill, 186 Vote, county, 364
Supervisors, legislators, 352 Trsadwell, C. 352 Voyages, speedy, 260
 Index. 377
Wager, C J. 352 Wemp, jan barentsen, 22 Willemsen, banished, 204
Wagoner, W. H. 135, 182 Wendell house, 280 Wilier, Charles H 348
Waiuwright, D. C. 355 Wendell, peter, 362 Wine, cider and vinegar, 225
Walker, willard, died, 165 Wesepe, gysbert cornelissen. Wines, teas, &c. 225
Walter, C. 360 23 Wines, 347
Wallace, T. 357 Westerlo incorporated, 145 Winter, northern, 328
Wallace, M. 360 Westerlo, E. 88, 118 Winter, remarkable, 148
Wall, P. 361 West India ventures, 260 Winter, severe, 200
Wampum, 271 Western plank road, 349 Winters, A. J. 345
Ward assessors abol. 346 Whales, 200 Winne, george, 351
Ward, isaac, 343 Whelpley, H. J., died, 164 Winne, jellis, jr. 344, 353
Ward boundaries, 29 Wheat, 357 Winne, wm. B.. died, 165
Ware, curtis, 345 Wheel- wrights, 225 Wiswal, thomas, 351
Washington monument, 160 Wheeler, luther, 348 Witt, J. C. 352
birthday, 166 Whig convention, 159, 178 Wooden-ware, &c. 225
Wasson, 349 Whig majority, 169 Wood measurer, 226
Watch, 43 Whig meeting-, 162, 173, 176, Wood buildings prohibited,
Watches, jewelry and plate, 176
225 \ Whig torchlight procession, Wool, gen. 182
Water question, 362, 365 180 Worth, general, 177, 348, 365
Water works com. 40, 365 Whig ticket elected, 363 Wool, 225
Water vote, 180 Whipple, wm. 348 Worcester, G. W. 360
Watervliet incorporated, 145 White-smith, 226 Worden, alexander, 352
Weather fine, 162 White, nathaniel, 356 Working men's conv. 360
Weather, 342, 343, 345, 359 White. washer, 226 Worsted store, 226
Webster corner. 287 Whitney, isaac, 356 W. stockbridge R. R. 321
Webb, J. H., died, 159 Widower tax, 161 Wyckoff, jane K., died, 165
Weed, H. R. 131 Wilmot proviso, 160 Wyncoop, pieter, 196-8
Weigher and measurers, 226 Wilson, B. 357 Yachts, albany, 264
Well water, 268, 315, 316 Wilson, roswell, 354 Yankee notions, 226
Welch, B. 349 Williams, henry, 346 Yates, John van ness, 286,
Welch, 351 Williams, A. 357 York, J. 360
Welch, B. T. 180 Williamson, J. D. 135 Young men's association,
Weld's travels, 153 Williamstadt, 140 161, 318, 343
 KET

F
129
A357M8
1850
V.I
:
c.l
ROBA