Geometry & Mensuration

Area of a n- sided regular figure

In a regular figure, circum-circle and incircle will be concentric. Let us look at the decagon drawn alongside. There are 10 isosceles triangles and each of equal area. In a n-sided regular figure there will be n isosceles t i i l triangles and each of equal l d h f l area. In any triangle the equal sides are Circum- radius ( R) and the r to the unequal side is the in-radius (r). Let OAB be one such triangle. Let OC be the r to AB. The vertical angle in r each of the triangle will be 2/n . Therefore OBC = /2/n. R = a/2 cosec /n :: r = a/2 cot /n OAB = {na2 cot /n}
A

B 6

C 5 4 3 10 1 2 F D

7 J 8 9 I H

R (/2/n)
a/ 2

(/2/n)
a/ 2 7B

Geometry - Circles - Concepts at a glance

In the given f a circle and a right PQR , h fig. d h Q right angled at P are drawn In such a way that PQ and QR are tangents at points P and A respectively. The circle intersects PR at B such that BR=4cm. If AR = 10cm then find AQ.
Using tangent secant relation(RA)2 = (RB)(RP) 100= 4 (RP) ::: RP = 25cm. AS tgt. segments from an external point to a circle are equal , QA = QP = x (say) QR = 10 + x ::: PR = 25cm. But RP is to PQ r Q

B A

P Q

(RPQ = 900) Q

(QR)2 =(PQ)2 + (PR)2 (10+x)2 = x2 + 625 20x = 525 x = 525/20

= 105/4

=26 cm.

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Geometry - Circles - Concepts at a glance

In the given f h fig. A and C are 2 AB d CD

perpendicular chords which intersect at P. PA = 12cm, PC = 4cm, PD = 18cm .Find the radius of the circle.
As PA . PB = PC . PD 12 PB = 72 PB = 6 cm. AB = 18cm From O draw r to both AB and CD. But r from O bisects AB AB. AL = LB = 9 cm ::: LP = 3cm :: OM = 3 cm CD = 22cm CM = MD = 11cm Join OD.Using Pythagoras theorem OD2 = OM2 + MD2 OD2 = 32 + 112 = 130 OD = 130 cm.

L C P

O M

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Geometry - Circles - Concepts at a glance

In the given fig. ABED is a cyclic quadrilateral. When AB and DE re produced they meet at C. ACD = 45 and ADC = 90 .AB= 6cm , BC = 4cm .Find DE.
In the cyclic quadrilateral ADBE, ADC = 90 implies AEB = 90 Hence EBC = 90 In BEC, BEC = 45

A 45 B D E 45 C

Cos45 = BC/EC
1/ 4 2 =

Hence EC = 4 2 cm. In ADC Cos 45= DC/AC

1/ DC/ 2 = 10

EC

DC = 52 cm. C 2 DE = 2 cm.
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Geometry - Circles - Concepts at a glance ACB is a right angled triangle Angle triangle, C = 90. A cone of greatest volume is cut out of this triangle. Find the approximate volume of the cone. pp A

8 8

28

GEOMETRY&MENSURATION GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

A

29

GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

A E

The slant height of the cone will be the r from C to AB. BD will be the slant height of the right circular cone that can be cut from the triangle. t i l BD = 4.8 cms EF is the arc arc. EF=90/360{2**4.8) EF=2.4 EF 2.4 F B
30

6 C

GEOMETRY&MENSURATION GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

G

1.2 J H

Circumference of the base of the cone= 2.4 Radius of the base of the cone = 2.4 /2 = 1.2 GH = BD of t i f triangle l = 4.8 cms. GJ={(4.8) (1.2) GJ={(4 8)2 - (1 2)2}= 21 6 21.6 Volume of cone ( ) = 1/3 (1.2) 2 21.6 = 2.23
31

Amy, Bob and Chip are three bees that start from the same flower and fly away in three different directions in search of nectar. After some time Chip is as far from the mid point D of the straight line joining Amy and Bob as Amy is from D. Amy and Bob are 300 m apart while Bob is 180m from Chip. At this instant Amy sends a di t A d distress signal which i received i l hi h is i d simultaneously by the other two bees. If a bee can fly at a speed of 3 m/sec, then which among Bob and Chip can reach Amy quicker and by how many seconds? 1) Chip by 20 sec 2) Bob by 20 sec 3) Bob by 18 sec 4) Chip by 18 sec 5) C Cannot b d t t be determined. i d
32

150

150

As AD = BD = CD = 150 cms, D becomes Circum centre and angle ACB is 900. AB = 3002 1802 = 240 C will reach A in 80 seconds B will reach A in 100 seconds Chip by 20 seconds d

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Barles Cabbage, an avid mathematician, had his sons room constructed such that the floor of the room was an equilateral triangle in shape instead of the usual rectangular shape, thus making the room in the shape of right prism with an equilateral triangle as the base One day the son base. brought home a dragonfly and tied it to one end of a string and then tied the other end of the string to o e o t e co e s one of the corners in his room. The next day he s oo e e t e untied the other end of the string from the corner of the room and tied it to a point exactly at the centre of the floor of the room. If the maximum possible volume in which the dragonfly can fly in the first case is V1 and in the second case is V2, then find the ratio of V2 : V1. Assume that the length of th string i negligible compared t th l th f the t i is li ibl d to the dimensions of the room. (1) 4 (2) 5 (3) 6 (4) 7 (5) 12
36

GEOMETRY &MENSURATION
P

The chords PQ & PS of a circle of radius 5 is 6cm each. Find the length of the chord QS.
37

GEOMETRY &MENSURATION
P 3.6 6 4.8 1.4 4

Join OP. OP will be r bisector. Let the point of R intersection of OP & QS be R. S Let PR = x :: OR =(5-x) 62 - x2 = 52 - (5 - x)2 36X2=25(2510X+X2) 36 X2 = 10X X2 X = 3.6. QR2 = 62 3.62 = 4.82 QR = 4.8 and QS = 9.6
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GEOMETRY &MENSURATION
Anita was walking along the edge of a wide road. As she walked along, she observed that the th t th angle of elevation of th t l f l ti f the top of a f pole, standing exactly on the other edge of the road was 30 at two distinct points and road, 30 was 45 at exactly one point. If Anita covered a distance of exactly 20 2 m y between the two points from where the angle was 30, then find the height of the pole. (1) 10 3m (2) 15m (3) 20m (4) 10 2m (5) 10m
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GEOMETRY &MENSURATION
P
h 2

T
h h 450

Let TH be the pole & TH = h Let Q be the point where angle of elevation of the tower is 300 In TQH, TQH = 300 tan 300 = 1/3 Hence PH = h3. Let R be the point where angle of elevation of the tower is 450 In TRH, TRH = 450 tan 450 = 1. Hence RH = h In QRH, QRH = 900 Q QR2 = (h3) 2 h = 2h2 ( ) PH = h2 = 102 h = 10

R
h h2

300

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GEOMETRY &MENSURATION
Ajay and Amar inherited a rectangular field of area 1000 sq m If they decide to split the sq.m. land into two halves by dividing it with a single g straight g line, , then find the approximate minimum cost that Ajay would have to incur to fence his half of the land at the rate of R 1 per metre. A h f Re.1 Assume that Aj h Ajay bears the complete cost of fencing the common boundary boundary. (1) Rs. 67 (2) Rs.90 (3) Rs. 95 (4) Rs. 112 (5) Rs 81 Rs.
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GEOMETRY &MENSURATION
A E B

For minimum expenses minimum perimeter is to be arrived at. The division should take place along the breadth side.

Perimeter to be fenced is l +2b. Lb = 1000. l+2b to be minimum l=2b. 2b2 = 1000. b=500. l +2b = 4 500 = Rs 90/ Rs.90/42

GEOMETRY &MENSURATION
In a circle of radius 6 cm a chord PQ is cm, constructed at a distance of 2 cm from the centre. centre A square ABCD is constructed such that A and B lie on the minor arc PQ and C and D lie on PQ What is the approximate PQ. length of AB? (1) 1 8cm (2) 2 4cm (3) 3 1cm (4) 3 4cm 1.8cm 2.4cm 3.1cm 3.4cm (5) 3.7cm
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GEOMETRY &MENSURATION
A F E O B

Let OF be r from O to AB. AB CE = ED = AF = FD = x AB = BD = FE = 2x OFB, ( ) , Q OF=(2+2x):FB=x,OB= 6 62 = (2+2x) 2 +x2 5x2 +8x 32 = 0 x = -8+(64+640)/10 x = 8(111)/10=1.85 2X = 3.7
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GEOMETRY &MENSURATION
A E F G B In the above figure, given that FJ = JK = KH, AE = EF = FG = GB, DH = HI =IC and AB = IC 2AD = 3DH = 4FG, find the ratio of the area of the shaded region to that of rectangle ABCD.

J K D H I C

1) 3:16 3) 3:32

2)1:18 4)1:24
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GEOMETRY &MENSURATION
A E F G Let AB = 12 B AE=EF=FG=GB=3 DH=HI=IC=4 Let AD = 6 ABCD=72 Sq. Units Let N be a point on DC such that HN = 3 Area of FHNG = 18 Area of FHG = 9 Area of GJK = 3 GJK 1 = C ABCD 24
46

J K D H NI

GEOMETRY &MENSURATION
Three circles, each of radius r, are drawn such that each circle touches the other two circles externally. The common tangent drawn to the first and second circles, that drawn to the second and third circles and that drawn to the third and first circles, together, form and equilateral triangle, enclosing the three circles completely. Find the in radius of the triangle.
1) 2r/3 2) r/3
3)r(3 +1)/3 4)r(3 -1)/3
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GEOMETRY &MENSURATION
A D E C
Let AC be the common tangent of circles g & Let AB be the common tangent of circles & Let BC be the common tangent of circles & ABC is an Equilateral Join O1 & O2. Let O1D & O2D be r to AC. DE = 2r.

O1

O2

DAO1=300=DAO2 From DAO1, DA = r3 = EC AC = 2 (3+1) 2r(3+1).

48

GEOMETRY &MENSURATION
A D E C
From DAO1, DA = r3 From DAO2, EC = r3 AC = 2r(3+1). In an Equilateral , Altitude is 3/2{a} In radius is 1/3{altitude} Therefore in radius of = 1/23 {2r(3+1)} ABC = 1/23 {side}

O1

O2

{r (3+1)/3}

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GEOMETRY &MENSURATION
A St. line passing through A p g g (-3,2) and B (6,5) intersects Xp g axis at a point P. Find The length of PA.
B (6,5) A (-3,2)

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Let AD be a r toPC. Let BC be a r to PC PAD |||r PBC APD=BPC & PDA= PCB PBC.

PD/ = AD/ PC BC

PD: DC= 2:3. PD DC 2 3 DC = 9 PD = 6

= 2/5.

PA = 62 + 22 = 40 40.
B (6,5)

A (-3,2) 2 5 P (-9,0) D (-3 0) (-3,0) 3 C (6 0) (6,0)

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Geometry & Mensuration

Two identical circles with centres A & B intersect as shown shown. The area of the biggest circles that can be drawn in the common region is 64 cm2, while the circumference of the smallest circle that can be drawn circum circle being the common region is 64 cm. Whats the circumference of circle with centre A. (1) 136 (2) 68 (3) 72 (4) 144

52

CE = 16 cm :: FD = 32 cm Let AC = x . AE = 16 + x = AF . AD = 8 + x
From ADF , AF2 = AD2 + FD2 Implies (16 + x) 2 = (8 + x) 2 + 322

256+32x + x2 = 64 +16x+ x 2 + 1024 :: 16x = 832 ::x = 52 AF = 68 . Circumference = 136

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G Geome etry & Men nsura ation

Geometry & Mensuration

A thin copper wire is wound uniformly and spirally in a single layer from the bottom to the top around a cylindrical iron rod. Circumference of iron rod = 2cm. Height 56cm. N of t H i ht = 56 No f turns = 45 L 45. Length of wire = ? th f i

(1) 96 (2) 102 (3) 106 (4) 116

A

56 6 B

90

C
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AIMCAT11 Geometry&Mensuration
A rectangle ABCD of length and breadth b is partitioned as shown in the figure below. If = 15 cm and b = 10 cm, find the area of the shaded region (in sq cm) sq.cm). (1) 75 (2) 70 (3) 110.5 (4) 72 (5) Cannot be determined The area of the shaded portions is half of the area of the rectangle. Answer is 75 Sq.cms.

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AIMCAT 18 - Geometry & Permutations & Combinations The i Th circumference of a f f circle is divided into 26 equal parts by marking 26 equidistant points on it. Now, using these points as vertices, triangles are drawn such that the circumcentre of each of those triangles lies on one of its sides. How many such triangles can be drawn?
( ) (1)156 (2)676 (3)182 (4)650 (5)312 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

For each diameter there will be 24 such triangles and therefore totally there g will be 512 triangles.
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AIMCAT 18 Geometry & Mensuration y

ThefigurePQRSTUVWisacube.IfthelengthsofPV,WUandTRare equaltothesidesofatriangle,theradiusofthecircleinscribedinthat equal to the sides of a triangle the radius of the circle inscribed in that triangleequals (1)theedgeofthecube. ( ) 3 (2)2/ 3 timestheedgeofthecube g (3)1/6timestheedgeofthecube (4)1/3timestheedgeofthecube (5)Noneofthese PV = WU = TR = a 2 In radius of a equilateral Triangle = side /23 = 2 a /23 = a / 2 3 = a /6

1/6timestheedgeofthecube

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Geometry&Mensuration
ABCissuchthatoneofitssideis doubletheotherandlettheangle oppositetothosesidesdifferby opposite to those sides differ by angleof/3,thenthetriangleis
(1)Rightangledtriangle (2)Equilateraltriangle (3)Isoscelestriangle (4)Scalenetriangle. m/sin =2m/sin( +/3) 300

A
+/3 /3
900

600

sin( + /3) = 2 sin + )=2sin 2sin =sin +3/2 cos 3/ sin =3/ cos 2 2 tan = tan = 1/3 =300. Itisanrightangledtriangle

2M

62

Geometry & Mensuration

ABC is a right angled triangle With B =90. Let D be a point on AC such that DBC=30 E DBC=30. is a point on BC such that ED = EC. If BD=3 BE, find ECD. Cos 300=[3X2+X2K2]/23X2 3/2 =[3X2+X2K2]/23X2 6X2 = 8X2 2K2 X2 = K2 :: X = K = 1200 DBC=60 ECD=60

D k
30

60

k
63

Geometry&Mensuration
P 6 Q

4 A B

Area of PAS = Area of QBR = 8*8* 3 / 2 * 3 *3 *2

4
=

W 4

600

U 4

Area of rectangle = 48 Area of PQBRSA = 48 - 32 /3 = [483 32] /3 Area of PQBRSA/ OTHER AREA [483 32] / = 32 [33 2] / = 2

16/

66