Types of Distribution Cables
Uploaded by
Musa'bTypes of Distribution Cables
Uploaded by
Musa'bType of Dis es stributio Cabl on les
Distribution cables are na amed accordi to their insulation, the ing i erefore there are paper- i insulated cabl PVC les, bles, XLPE in nsulated cables, etc. The PV and XLPE insulated ca VC E ables due to th popularit will be heir ty insulated cab discussed in brief because it the mostly used in indu b e y ustry.
PVC distr ribution ca ables
The use of Polyvinyl chlo P oride (PVC) provides cabl of excelle quality, w p les ent which are clea and easy to handle. an o PVC insulat ted cable are available in different constructions They may be strande aluminum circular e i s. y ed m conductor, si ingle core cab extruded or taped for multi-core c ble, cable. The tem mperature of general purp pose PVC must not be allowed to ex xceed 70C (maximum co ( onductor temp perature) and the tempera d ature at short circuit is es be during the fo ollowing para agraph as 120C [ 7]. Although, it is similar to XLPE cable that will b discussed d shown in Fig 1. g
XLPE dis stribution cables n
The use of polyethylene has been limit by an upp operationa temperatur of about 70 h ted per al re 0C, due to it thermo ts y ng, rain is remove and the wo ed orking tempe erature is increased to 90C and the C plasticity. By cross-linkin this constr temperature at short circu is 250C [8]. The con uit nductor may b stranded c be copper or sol aluminum circular lid m conductor fo single core or shaped conductor for multi-core c or cable. Howev the insula ver, ation shall be red and e black .It has number of advantages ov paper insu ver ulated and PV insulated cable, such a it has high electric VC as: h ater ating, high-ag geing resisting, and it is si imple constru uction, using c convenient an higher nd strength, grea current ra operating of long term tem mperature. Fo this reason XLPE cables are more su or s uitable for the weather con e ndition of ermore, at the same envir e ronment XLP cable may be reduced size (nomina cross-sectio 1or 2 PE y al on) Qatar. Furthe class in comp parison with paper and PV cable. This is not only i p VC s improved the quality and p properties of p products, but also redu cables production costs uce s.
e. Fig. 1 XLPE cable
Cable Am mpacity
Cable curre carrying capacity (am ent mpacity) is defined as t d the continuo maximum current the cable ous h can carry at its maximum operating temperature t m e.
Ca able size - LV XLPE Cables -Doh cables Company L C ha
Conditions: Ambient air temperat A ture = 40 C Ground tem G mperature = 35 C Ground the G ermal resis stivity = 12 C. Cm/ 20 /Watt Burial dept = 0.5 M B th
De-ra ating Facto ors
In case of different insta d allation cond ditions from the stated, t de-rating factors tabulated in tables 2 to t the g b b 5 must be used in calcu ulating the ne current carrying capa ew c acity.
Short Circuit Cur C rrent
Short circui (Fault) conditions can cause stres on an ele it n ss ectrical syste em. In the case of feed ders, the resulting hi igh short-cir rcuit curren can effe nts ects the cab temperat ble ture to rise very rapid e dly. The protective device protec the feeder requires som finite tim to fully cl d ct me me lear the fault current. Th feeder t he conductors must be size large enou to carry the fault cu m ed ugh y urrent (short circuit curr t rent) for a su ufficient length of tim to permi the circuit breakers to be opened before the c me it t o conductor is heated to t point s the where it dam mages the insulation for avoiding any harm in th equipped l y he load and pro otect human souls.
Table Short circu current uit XLPE cables
Determinati of the sh ion hort- circuit current ratin of a cable by calcula ng e ation is very complex. H However, graphs and tables are available that simplify th process. A shown in Fig 2 the short-circuit current t he As n t an d tical axis and the cable s on the horizontal ax with the series of d size xis, that cable ca withstand on the vert diagonal lin indicatin the durati of the fa (the tot al clearing t nes ng ion ault time of the over curren device nt protecting the conducto The pro t or). ovided chart shows the maximum short circui currents to which t it various size copper con e nductors can be subjected for variou times with us hout injuring the insulati g ion. It is based on a 90C condu uctor operati temperat ing ture and the maximum current for short circuit ratings e t e ine t rent for a certain cable that can 250C. For example if its desirable to determi the short circuit curr withstand which has cro sectional area 400 kcmil during 100 cycle b using the following e w oss k g by e equation plus Fig 2 to get Isc o
. . = 400 * .
Isc = A*
= 22.2 kA. 29
Fig. 2 Time Curren characteristi for short-c nt ics circuit curren circuit break nt ker.
References s: [1] http p://www.okon nite.com/eng gineering/sh hort-circuit-cu urrents.html [2] T. Gonen ,Electr rical Power Distribution System Eng D gineering. 2nd Edition, Ta aylor &Francis Grou 2008. up, [3] Elec ctric Power Distribution and Transmission by Fa D a aulkenberry and Coffer, Prentice Hall 1996 [4] ,Des sign of An Electrical Pow Distribut wer tion Network for An Industrial Plant Final year project, k t, r EE Department, QU, Fall 20 D 011.
