2011

Advanced Road Design

Road Design Tutorials

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ARD Road Design Tutorials

Advanced Road Design 2011 Road Design Tutorials

Copyright Civil Survey Solutions All Rights Reserved This publication, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form, by any method, for any purpose, without the express written consent of Civil Survey Solutions Pty Ltd. Civil Survey Solutions Pty Ltd may revise and/or improve its products (both developed and distributed by CADApps Australia Pty Ltd). This publication describes the state of this product at the time of this publication, and may not reflect the product at all times in the future. Shane ORorke BE (Civ) Hons Todd Brewster BE (Civ) Hons

Workbook Authors:

Civil Survey Solutions 8 Johnson Street Oakleigh Victoria 3166 Level 2 23 29 South Street Rydalmere New South Wales 2116 Ph: 1300 254 004 Fax: 1300 351 003 www.civilsurveysolutions.com.au

ARD-RDT-2010.2T Aug 2010

Table of Contents
Introduction - ARD Roads ............................................................................................ 1 Road Fundamentals ...................................................................................................... 2 Cross Section Editing .................................................................................................. 16 Rural Road Fundamentals ......................................................................................... 26 Road Networks ............................................................................................................ 34 Road Reconstruction - Resheet/Overlay..................................................................... 51 Road Reconstruction - Intersection Reconstruction.................................................. 59 Visualisation ................................................................................................................ 70 Appendix ...................................................................................................................... 72

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Introduction - ARD Roads

This manual will introduce you to the design components of Advanced Road Design (ARD) for undertaking a variety of road design projects.

Running Roads Commands Ribbons, Menus and Toolbars

There are three common points of access to the ARD commands; ribbons, menus and toolbars. The ARD Roads ribbon tab is shown below:

Note: Installed ribbon may differ from that shown above. In general the ribbon is divided into 3 parts, the tab, the panel and the command. For the purposes of this training manual, the ribbon commands will be referenced and unless stated, the panel and commands referenced will be found on the Roads tab.

Where is my AutoCAD Menu?

In AutoCAD Civil 3D the menu bar can be displayed by clicking on the arrow located on the Quick Access toolbar at the top left of AutoCAD Civil 3D and ticking on the option Show Menu Bar.

ARD Objects
There are a variety of objects types for the different modules of the software as listed below (the objects for the Roads module are show bold and italicised): Road String Kerb Return Cul-de-sac Knuckle Roundabout Off Ramp Pipe Pit Catchment Pipe Networks: o Drainage o Sewer o Sewer House Connection o Service

ARD Data
Advanced Road Design stores the ARD Data external to the drawing. By default, this data exists in a folder in the same location as the drawing and includes the drawing name (folder name is <drawing name>-Data). If you change the drawing name, you will also need to rename this folder. If you move the drawing you will need to move the folder as well.

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Road Fundamentals
This tutorial will introduce you to the fundamental design components of Advanced Road Design (ARD).

Project Data Introduction

Before you Start Please start AutoCAD Civil 3D 20XX and open the 1-Simple_Road_Design.dwg tutorial file. The training files can be found by running the Help Panel Help Dropdown Open Tutorial Folder Command.

From the Windows Explorer that opens, double click on the drawing file to open it. Note: 20XX represents the version of AutoCAD Civil 3D you are running. This project data includes a surface and a collection of alignments to design Marin St. The overall site plan is shown below:
Surface Data

A single surface named NS exists in the drawing. All alignments are inside the extents of this surface
Alignments

Alignments have been created in the drawing, representing road centrelines and road features. Note: All road centreline alignments must have the prefix of r- in the alignment description. The Marin St alignment is to be converted into a road, MarinREB alignment will be used to widen out the right edge of the road pavement, the Marin Right Building Line alignment will be used to controlled the right batter and the Marin St-Left-5.600 alignment will be converted into a string to independently grade the left side footpath.

Creating a Template (Typical Cross Section)

Opening the Template Editor
To open the Template Editor: Step 1: Click on the Templates Panel Create Edit Section Command.

Note: If this is the first time the software has been run then you will be prompted to select the Road Default Settings. Select the appropriate settings and click OK. The Template Editor form will be displayed.

Creating a New Template

Let's create a new template suitable for Marin St. Step 2: Click on the Template Options button to display a list of commands. From the list select the Create new Template in Local Library option and click OK.

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Step 3: Type in a new template name of Marin 6m and click OK. The Template Editor will now display the new blank template Local Marin 6m.
Creating a New Section

Step 4: To create a new section, click on the Create Section button. This will open the Add Section to Template form: Step 5: As shown, create a new section with the following parameters: Design Surface Geometry: o New Code = EB (the software will automatically put a prefix of L or R on the code when it is created, to define it on the left or right side of the C.L.) o Width of Section = 3m o Applied Slope % = -3% Subgrade Layers: o Layer Depth -1 = 0.03m o Layer Material -1 = Asphalt o Layer Depth -2 = 0.1m o Layer Material -2 = FCR Class 2 o Layer Depth -3 = 0.2m o Layer Material -3 = FCR Class 3 Leave the default to apply the new section to Both sides of the template Tick On the option to Plot Codes?

Step 6: Click on OK to create the section. Special Note: You can use the Edit Section button or the Edit Subgrade button to adjust the subgrade conditions for any selected section (code pair). The new sections are displayed in the cross section view. The data entry grid documents the geometry of the design surface for this section, which can be directly edited.
Creating Kerb and Channel

Step 7: To create new kerb and channel, click on the Create Kerb button. Step 8: Input the following parameters: Kerb Shape Parameters Top Codes: o Invert of Kerb: Width = 0.3m Depth = -0.04m Code = INV o Top of Kerb: Width =: 0.19m Depth =: 0.125m Code =: TK o Back of Kerb: Width =: 0.11m Depth =: 0m Code =: BK Subgrade Layers: o Kerb Depth = 0.2m

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o Sub base Extension = 0.15m o Subgrade 1 Depth = 0.13m o Kerb Material = Concrete o Layer 1 Material = FCR Class 2 Side to Apply: o Select Both Sides

Step 9: Click on OK. Kerb is added, complete with subgrade layers. Step 10: Enable the plotting of the LBK and RBK codes by changing the Plot (Y/N) option to Y for both codes (as shown above).
Creating Naturestrip and Footpath Sections

Step 11: Create naturestrip and footpath sections using the Create Section command (same process as for creating the pavement sections, Steps 5 & 6): Naturestrip: New Code = FPI (Footpath Inner) Width of Section = 1m Applied Slope (%) = 5% Tick ON the option Plot Code? Leave all other fields as default and click OK

Footpath: New Code = FPO (Footpath Outer) Width of Section = 1.5m Applied Slope (%) = 2.5% Tick ON the option Plot Code? Subgrade Layers: o Layer Depth-1 = 0.1m o Layer Material-1 = Concrete

The cross section template is complete except for the batter.

Creating Batter Conditions Left Side Batter Right Side Batter

Click on the Left Side button and change to the Slope Batters tab: Type in a Cut Slope 1:1 and a Fill Slope 1:1. Then click on OK to apply the batter condition.

Click on the Right Side button and change to the Slope Batters tab: Type in a Cut Slope 1:1 and a Fill Slope 1:1. Then click on OK to apply the batter condition.

The template is now complete and is displayed below:

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Step 12: Click on OK on the Template Editor to exit the form.

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Creating a Road
Step 13: Click on the Design Panel Create/Edit Road Command.

At the command prompt Select Required Road Element <ESC to cancel> click on or around the alignment of Marin St. This displays the Add Road form: Step 14: Enter the following: Using the Select Template dropdown list choose Marin 6m to define the cross sections applied to the road. Leave the Select Sampling Surface as default, NS. Accept the defaults Arc, Spiral and Tangent spacing of 10m.

Step 15: Click on the Add Extra Sampling button to include extra cross section sampling over a selected chainage range and to add individual cross section sample points. Improve the cross section sampling between chainage 80 and 130 by reducing the Spacing to 2m, as shown above. Click OK to close the form.

Step 16: Click on Create/Update button to create the road.

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Creating a Vertical Design

The Vertical Grading Editor (VGE) will be immediately displayed with a fitted vertical design:

Viewing Your Cross Sections

Step 17: To view your cross sections simply right click in the VGE. A CSW will appear showing the cross section at the nearest sampled chainage from where you clicked in the VGE. Move the CSW away from the VGE, so both can be seen. .
Controlling the Display of Information

To change the information displayed click on button at the top left of the VGE. The Vertical Grading Editor Settings form will display. Similar settings are on the Cross Section Windows.

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Getting Started

Step 18: Remove the current vertical design by clicking on the Reset button. This will remove all the IP's and reinstate an IP at the start of the road and an IP at the end, both matching to the sampled surface.
Creating IP's

Step 19: Click on the

button to insert an IP.

At the prompt to select a location for the new IP, click somewhere on the VGE window near chainage 80 and close to the sampled surface. The Add IP form will open: Step 20: Confirm that you are happy with the Chainage and Level - as the designer you are able to set whatever chainage and level suits. Enter a VC Length of 40m and click OK. An IP is inserted on screen with the chainage, level and vertical curve

length specified. Note: If a vertical curve is not required then leave the VC Length set to 0.001. Step 21: Add another IP by clicking on the created IP, around chainage 130. button and click somewhere to the right of the previously

This time we will create an IP and set a grade from first IP created of 0.7%. To do this: Step 22: Set the following parameters in the Add IP form: Chainage = 130m. Set the chainage where the IP will be inserted VC Length = 40m Under Grade Selection o Toggle Set In Grade: This will grey out the Level field and enable the In Grade field. The level will be adjusted when the IP is created to guarantee the specified incoming grade to the IP, THEN In Grade = -0.7%. The incoming grade to the IP will be -0.7%

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Click on OK to create the next IP. Two new IP's have been created, with a -0.7% slope between, as specified. Step 23: Time to experiment! Add an additional IP near the end of Marin St to generally match the sampled surface. Either use the button or try one of the following alternatives for creating the IP:
Editing and Deleting IP's

The IP editing tools are all collected together on the VGE: Step 24: If not currently displayed, show a cross section by right clicking in the VGE window to show a Cross Section Window (CSW). Graphical Edits Step 25: Graphically edit your IP at chainage 80 by clicking on the button to move the IP anywhere.

At the prompt select the IP near chainage 80 and graphically move the IP. Click on new location for the IP to complete the command. Step 26: Explore the other GRAPHICAL editing tools by clicking on the icon, then clicking on the IP. Simply click on the new location to complete the command: Move IP Left/Right adjust the chainage of the IP and maintain the level Move IP Up/Down adjust the level of the IP and maintain the chainage Slide IP on Grade Select left or right of the IP to slide the IP along the incoming/outgoing grade (pending which side of the IP is selected). Numeric Edits Step 27: To change and IP by numerical input, click on the button and select and IP on the screen to edit. Step 28: This is the same form displayed at the time of creating the IP. Designers must use this form to edit the VC Length. Step 29: Make any changes as desired and click OK. Step 30: Explore some of the other Numeric Editing tools by clicking on the icon and following the prompts. Deleting IP's You can delete IP's at any time by clicking on the button and selecting the IP on screen.

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Outputs from the Vertical Grading Editor

You can obtain outputs for your road design as you are editing. Once you are satisfied with your vertical design, you can:

Create a Design Surface

Step 31: Click on the button to create a surface model of the current road design in the drawing.

The surface is created in drawing, including trimming the boundary edges. The surface display is managed initially by the Surface Style as set in the Active Drawing Settings.

Create a Volume Report

Step 32: Click on the button in the VGE to compute a summary volume report. A message will be displayed to confirm that the report has been created, as well as the saved location. A Notepad file is generated (shown left) detailing the volume of cut and fill and the material volumes for the subgrade layers.

Allowance for Strip Volumes and Compaction Factors

Many designers need to allow for stripping of topsoil from the site prior to road construction and also to account for bulking factors on cut and fill materials. These can be set from the Design Data Form.

Balancing Earthworks
Step 33: From the VGE click on the button to raise and/or lower all IPs to achieve a balanced earthworks. Step 34: Type in 0 as the cumulative cut/fill volume and click on OK You should notice all the IP's move up or down to achieve the requested volume output. Click on the button to generate a new volume report - in the final summary the cumulative volume will be 0 (or very close to 0):

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Plotting Long Sections

Initiating a Long Section Plot
Step 35: Click on the Plan Production Panel Long Section Command.

At the prompt, click on or near the Marin St alignment in the drawing. The LS Plot form will open. You can control which sampled sections will plot by creating a list of sections to plot. Click on Selected Sampled Sections to plot selected sections. The drawing will switch to a paperspace named PlotPreview and the Long Section Plotting Controls will open on the right of the screen:

Output Controls
There are a wide variety of options to change the output details of the long section plot. Each tab in the plotting interface enables you to adjust the plot preview prior to plotting outputs. Some of the details in the General tab can be adjusted for testing including: Changing the X and Y scales Picking a Title Block

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Row Data

The Row Data button opens the Data Bands/Controls form which contains all the controls for displaying data on the long section, as well as the vertical design lines showing the levels along each feature (defined as an offset from the C.L, a string/profile or code).
Changing Assigned Layers for Objects in the Long Section

You can set your own layers to draw information on at the time of plotting this is managed via the Set ARD Layers button and Assign Plotting Layers button on the General tab

Saving and Loading Plot Styles

Lets load up a style to see some output options: Step 36: Click on the Load Style button, select one of the standard files and click open. The drawing will update to display the long section using the new settings. Repeat the above step and select alternate saved styles to see output options.

Plotting the Long Section

Step 37: Click the Plot to Layout button to plot the long section:

The long section will be created on a paperspace tab named Marin St-PROFILE-1. Your design will span multiple sheets as required.

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Plotting Cross Sections

Initiating a Cross Section Plot
Step 38: Click on the Plan Production Panel Cross Section Select the Marin St road and click OK. The XS Plot form will open: Step 39: Click on Selected Sampled Sections to proceed with the plot. The drawing will switch to a paperspace named PlotPreview and the Cross Section Plotting Controls will open on the right of the screen. Use the dropdown lists under Display Control to preview different pages or different chainages that will be generated for the cross section plot. Command.

Output Controls
There are a wide variety of options to change the output details of the cross section plot. You are strongly encouraged to explore the options available to meet your drafting requirements.

Saving and Loading Plot Styles

Lets quickly load up some plot settings. Step 40: Click on the Load Style button, select the Standard 2009.02.xxp7 file and click open. The drawing will update to display the cross sections using the new settings.

Plotting the Cross Sections

Step 41: Once you are happy with the cross section previews click on the Plot to Layout button to plot the cross sections.

The cross sections will be created on a series of paperspace tabs named Marin St-XS-1, 2 & 3. The output is now just standard lines, text, and blocks enabling full drafting control.

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Setting Up Your Plotting Layers and Title Blocks

The layers used for cross section and long section plotting can be setup prior to running the plotting command. These settings can be made globally (to affect all future projects) or locally (for just the current project). Click on the Plan Production Panel Plan Production Slideout Edit Plotting Layers Command.to set up your own layers for outputs. Title blocks can be created by you and included in the sheet production process. The command for setting up title blocks is: General Tab System Settings Panel Edit Titleblock Settings Command

Note: You need to add your title block drawings into the ARD Settings folder for them to be available to use.

Setout
Step 42: Switch back to the modelspace and click on the Plan Production Panel Setout Command. Select on or around the alignment of Marin St. Step 43: Click on Selected Sampled Sections to proceed with the setout. Step 44: In the Setout form, make the following entries (as shown above): Setout Code = LEB and REB Offset to Text = 10 units left and right (this will offset the setout point label from the actual marker location) Tick on the following options: o Draw Offset - draws an arrow from the label to the marker o Show PN - will display the point number as the label o Circle Number - will circle the point number o Save to File - makes an external file of the points o Text Table - puts a simple table in the drawing of the setout Font = ICOCP.shx.

Step 45: Leave all the other settings as default, Create Setout then Exit.

Reports
There are a wide variety of reports available and you are encouraged to investigate these commands.

Volume Report
Step 46: Click on the Reports Panel Volume The Volume Calculations form will open: Step 47: Make the following entries (as shown above): Command and select the Marin St alignment.

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Ensure Single Road and Marin St are selected. Tick ON the following options: o Subgrade by Chainage o Subgrade by Material Total o Section by Section Report for Bulk Earthworks

Step 48: Click on Create Report

Plan Drafting
It is often desired to plot the road layout in the drawing, with the opportunity to set layers based on the codes of the cross section elements. To do this: Step 49: Click on the Plan Production Panel Plan of Road alignment. Command and select the Marin St

The Plot Plan form will open. This form allows you to create 2D or 3D string for each code for one, selected or all roads in your project. Step 50: Tick Create 2D Polylines and From Design Surface. Click on Create

Drawing Cleanup
To assist in keeping your drawing neat and tidy, the Drawing Cleanup command can be used to remove various drawing elements/ objects created by ARD, such as the cross section sample lines. Do this by clicking on the Utilities Panel Clean Up alignment. Command and selecting the Marin St

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Cross Section Editing

In Advanced Road Design (ARD) a wide range of functions and tools are included to make numerous adjustments to cross sections where required along the road - this chapter will explore some of these tools.

Project Data Introduction

This chapter follows directly from the previous chapter and focuses on the methods of editing the cross section geometry of Marin St which was created in Chapter 1. It is intended to adjust the cross sections of Marin Street to: change the pavement and footpath widths near the start of the road change batter projection conditions along the road remove the footpath along a partial length of the road linearly vary the width/crossfall of the road along the road, to manually superelevate the road control the offset of the right (southern) side of the pavement using an alignment extend the batter on the right (southern) side to match the building line Independently grade the left (northern) footpath along a partial length of the road.

Design Data and the Cross Section Editor

The Design Data Form is the centralised area for applying adjustments to the cross sections of your road. There are many ways to make changes to cross sections some will be undertaken in the following steps.

Opening the Design Data Form

Step 1: Click on the Select Panel Design Data Form alignment. The Design Data Form for Marin St will open: Command and select the Marin St

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The button will open a separate Cross Section Window (CSW) and the button will only appear when an entry is being viewed or edited and places 2 CSWs directly below the Design Data Form at the start and end of the current entry (as shown above viewing a template data entry).

Applying Multiple Templates

One of the easiest and most fundamental methods of adjusting the cross sections is to apply different cross section templates to the road - each template can signify a change in cross section slopes, new features (such as a median) or widening of sections of the template. Within ARD users can apply templates wherever they need to along the roads length.

Design Concept
In this example, let's adjust the first 40m of the road by widening the footpaths on both sides (2.5m) and apply a different crossfall slope to the verge off the back of kerb (10%). It is an easy proposition in this case to create a new template with these features and then apply it to the right location along the road.

Create the Template

The first step is to create a different template (typical cross section) you want to apply. Step 2: From the open Design Data From click on the button to open the Template Editor:

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Step 3: Use the Select Template button to select and display the Local Marin 6m template, as shown above. Step 4: Following on from what you learnt in the previous chapter, click on the Template Options button to display a list of template editing controls. Step 5: From the list select the option Copy Current Template to Local Library and click OK. Step 6: At the form that opens, name the new template Marin 6m 2.5m Footpath and click OK. Step 7: Use the Section Data Entry table (pink & green area) at the top of the form to change the following: The Slope (%) of the LFPI and RFPI codes (Section 5) to 10% The Horizontal Distance of the LFPO and RFPO codes (Section 6) to 2.5m

Step 8: Click on OK to save the changes to the new template and exit the form.

Apply the Template to the Road

Step 9: From the Design Data Form select the current template entry under Templates. (you may have to click the + symbol to expand this entry), adjust the Start Chainage to 40m and click on the Add/Update button to apply the change. Step 10: Click on the Templates entry and then click on the following: Start Chainage = 0m End Chainage = 40m Template Name = Marin 6m 2.5m Footpath Merge = No button to add a new entry and enter the

Step 11: Click the Add/Update button to include the new entry. The CSW can be used immediately to review the change in the cross section between chainage 40 and chainage 50:

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Chainage 0-40 - the Marin 6m 2.5m footpath template applies

Chainage 40-End - the Marin 6m template applies

Step 12: Open the Vertical Grading Editor (VGE) by clicking on the

button.

Create a surface model of Marin St including the footpath adjustments by clicking on the button:

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A Longer Transition?

It may be desired to 'transition' between the two templates over more than just one cross section sample (10m in this case). This can be readily achieved in the software by changing the template extents and adding in an extra 'Merge' template. Here is an example of Template entries required to set the merge to occur over 30m range: Template Entry 1: Start Chainage = 0m End Chainage = 40m Template Name = Marin 6m 2.5m Footpath Merge = No

Template Entry 2: Start Chainage = 40m End Chainage = 70m Template Name = Marin 6m Merge = Yes

Template Entry 3: Start Chainage = 70m End Chainage = 10000m Template Name = Marin 6m Merge = No

Changing Batter Conditions

The batter slope projection that extends from the edge of the road design to the sampled surface tends to change regularly along the design for a number of reasons - the most common one is to avoid covering services and to prevent excessive fill around trees. There are a number of ways to alter the batter projections: Change the slope batter (make it steeper or flatter) Set a fixed offset for the slope batter to match the sampled surface (variable batter slope) Set the batter line to an alignment Apply batters will logical controls

Two batter adjustments will be made in this example.

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We will make the following overrides to the batters of Marin St: Chainage 0 30 90 190 Batter Override 10m fixed width batter from road C.L. Right side to follow the Marin Right Building Line alignment

Fixed Width Batters

The fixed width batter is applied as a distance from the C.L. alignment of the road, so careful thought as to the appropriate width should be taken. Step 13: From the Design Data Form, select the Batter Data Heading and click on the a new entry. The Batter Type Selection List will open: Step 14: Select Fixed Batters and click OK. Step 15: In the Fixed Width from CL Batter form enter the following: Start Chainage = 0m End Chainage = 30m Start Left Width = 10 m Start Right Width = 10m Tick On Constant Widths Click on Add/Update to apply the entry button to add

The cross sections between chainage 0 and 30 now displays a batter fixed at 10m from the C.L. of the road. The slope of this batter will vary to maintain the 10m offset, as defined, when further design changes occur.

Batter to an Alignment
For this exercise the alignment has already been drafted, it is named Marin Right Building Line.

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Step 16: From the Design Data Form, select the Batter Data Heading and click on the a new entry. The Batter Type Selection List will open: Step 17: Select Slope Batters and click OK. Step 18: In the Slope Batters form enter the following: Start Chainage = 90m End Chainage = 190m Side to Apply = Right Right Maximum Offset Alignment = Marin Right Building Line Click on Add/Update to apply the entry

button to add

The cross sections between chainage 90 and 190 now displays a right batter meeting the surface at an offset that matches the Marin Right Building Line alignment. The slope of this batter will vary to maintain the offset of the alignment. Note: If the batter override is not being applied, typ 0 in for the Start Right Cut Slope 1: value and the Start Right Fill Slope 1: values Step 19: If the VGE is not already open, open it by clicking on the From the VGE click on the review the changes. button in the Design Data Form.

button to create a surface model of the current road design and

Review the changes to the batters in the selected regions.

Deleting Sections of the Cross Section

In this example, delete the right side footpath on Marin St, from chainage 20 to chainage 50. Step 20: From the Design Data Form, select the Variation Data Heading and click on the add a new entry. Step 21: Select Delete Section and click OK. Note: The order of the variations is important and you can use the Insert Position to specify where you would like the new variation to be inserted in the variation data list. Step 22: In the Delete Section form enter the following: Start Chainage = 20m End Chainage = 50m Code = RFPO Click on Add/Update to apply the entry button to

The cross sections between chainage 20 and 50 now displays no footpath section as the RFPO code was deleted. When a code that is used to define a section is deleted, the whole section is removed from the

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cross section. The verge that was originally between the back of the kerb (RBK) and the footpath (LFPI) is still inserted as both the codes that define it exist in the cross section. Step 23: If the VGE is not already open, open it by clicking on the From the VGE click on the review the changes. button in the Design Data Form.

button to create a surface model of the current road design and

The surface model clearly shows the removal of the footpath between chainage 20 and 50.

Linearly Vary the Width and/or Slope of a Section

This method of adjustment enables the designer to select a code of the cross section and override the width and/or slope of the section over a selected chainage range. In this example, it is desired to change the crossfall of the road leading into the bend from a two way to one-way crossfall. Step 24: From the Design Data Form, select the Variation Data Heading and click on the add a new entry. The Variation Selection List will open: Step 25: Select Linearly Vary Section Slope &/or Width and click OK. Step 26: In the Linearly Vary Section Slope &/or Width form enter the following: Code = REB Start Chainage = 40m End Chainage = 80m Width Variation is = Incremental Start Width = 0m End Width = 0m Slope/Vertical Variation is = Set Start Slope/Vertical = -3% End Slope/Vertical = 3% Click on Add/Update to apply the entry button to

The crossfall slopes have now been adjusted on the right side on the cross section to reflect the variation. We need to initiate a second Linearly Vary Section Slope &/or Width variation to maintain the one-way crossfall along the road. Step 27: From the Design Data Form, select the Variation Data Heading and click on the add a new entry. Step 28: Select Linearly Vary Section Slope &/or Width and click OK. Step 29: In the Linearly Vary Section Slope &/or Width form enter the following: Code = REB Start Chainage = 80m End Chainage = 1000m Width Variation is = Incremental button to

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Start Width = 0m End Width = 0m Slope/Vertical Variation is = Set Start Slope/Vertical = 3% End Slope/Vertical = 3% Click on Add/Update to apply the entry button in the Design Data Form.

Step 30: If the VGE is not already open, open it by clicking on the From the VGE click on the review the changes.

button to create a surface model of the current road design and

The surface model clearly shows the changes to the crossfall of the right hand side of Marin St.

Controlling a Code with an Alignment

ARD provides facility to take any code of the cross section and change its horizontal geometry to match an alignment. The remaining sections offsets and slope/vertical distances of the cross section (working outside from the centreline) are maintained. The alignment MarinREB has already been drafted and will be used to adjust the offset of the right side of the road pavement (the section width is defined by the offset of the REB code). Step 31: From the Design Data Form, select the Variation Data Heading and click on the add a new entry. Step 32: Select Set Code Offset to Alignment and click OK. Step 33: In the Set Code Offset to Alignment form enter the following: Code = REB Start Chainage = 0m End Chainage = 1000m Widen Method = Change Offset and Level Alignment = MarinREB Click on Add/Update to apply the entry button to

Reviewing the cross sections in the cross section window (Click on the button in the Design Data Form to open a cross section window) you can see how the REB code and therefore the width of the road is controlled by the MarinREB alignment.

Step 34: If the VGE is not already open, open it by clicking on the From the VGE click on the review the changes.

button in the Design Data Form.

button to create a surface model of the current road design and

The surface model clearly shows the changes to the width of the right hand side of the road.

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Widening to an alignment isnt just limited to the pavement! Experiment with any of the codes on the road anything you need to have a non-constant offset relative to the road centreline should be considered for widening onto to an alignment you draft.

Insert a new Code/Section - Retaining Wall Example

It is not unusual to need to create extra 'sections' in the cross section to cater for such things as: bus/parking bays offset road crown saw cut lines retaining walls

Any time you want another grade break in the cross sections, you either need to create and apply a new template or consider using the Insert Section variation.

Matching a Code to a Surface

It is often desirable to take parts of the cross section (like the lip of kerb or batter) and 'drape' its level onto a surface, which may also include an additional height adjustment. There are two methods for achieving this: Create a separate 'String' of the feature, set the vertical design levels to match the surface and then apply the Set Code Offsets &/or Levels to String variation to assign the levels and offsets to the code Use the Set Code Levels to Match Surface variation to achieve this in one single step.

String Control on the Cross Section

It is not unusual to need to control a code on the cross section completely independently of the offset and slopes defined in the template/variations. The process for applying String control on the cross section is: Click on the Design Panel String/Profile Command and select an alignment. The Add Road form will open Set the sampling along this string and click on the button Use Other Road to add the sampling of the main centreline road (this helps you to set up levels at the right locations) Open the Design Data Form for the main road. From the Design Data Form, select the Variation Data Heading and click on the button to add a new entry.

Select Set Code Offsets &/or Levels to String and click OK. Select the Code you want to control from a String, select the String to use to control the code and then select the Method. The Method Change Offset & Level to adopt the full (horizontal and vertical) position of the String

After this is done, any changes to the String vertical grading or alignment will automatically update the Code of the cross section (as well as codes outside of it)

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Rural Road Fundamentals

This chapter explores the aspects of the software suited to rural road design including table drains, superelevation and automatic subgrade controls.

Project Data Introduction

Before you Start Please start AutoCAD Civil 3D 20XX and open the 6_Rural_Road_Design.dwg file. The training files can be found by running the Help Panel Help Dropdown Open Tutorial Folder Command.

This project data includes a surface and a collection of alignments to design Princess Hwy. The overall site plan is shown below:

Surface Data

A single surface of the existing road named NS exists in the drawing. An Outer boundary has also been applied to this surface to control the extents of triangulation.
Alignments

The alignments of Princess Hwy and the side roads have already been created and are as follows:

Note: An r- has been used to describe all the roads for this project which defines them as roads.

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Create Princess Highway

Step 1: Click on the Design Panel Create/Edit Road alignment. The Add Road form will open: Step 2: Enter the following: Leave the template as Metric Road 6m SM, we will create and apply a template later Ensure that NS is selected as the Sampling Surface To reduce the cross section sampling, change the Tangents/Straights spacing to 20m Command and select the Princess Hwy

Step 3: Click on Set Section Widths button and change the Left/Right Width to 20m. Click OK to close the form. Step 4: Click Create/Update to create the road. This will create a road from the alignment, display yellow lines in the drawing at the sampled cross section locations and open the Vertical Grading Editor (VGE) for you to do a vertical design on the road centreline.

Automatic Vertical Design

The software has automatically done a first pass vertical design to generate a 'best fit' design matching closely to the sampled surface (within a maximum tolerance for cut/fill as set in the Active Drawing Settings) by creating and connecting IP's with vertical curves.

Viewing the Cross Sections

Step 5: Move the cursor to the drawing area of the VGE and click the right mouse button to open a Cross Section Window (CSW) for Princes Hwy:

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Create & Apply a Rural Road Template

The typical cross section that we are going to create was described in detail the project introduction. It is an average rural road cross section with 3.5m lanes and 1m un-sealed shoulders and table drains on both sides. Step 6: From the VGE, click on the button to open the Template Editor.

Step 7: Create a new template by clicking on Template Options button, select Create New Template in Local Library and click on OK. Step 8: Name the template Rural Road 7m and click OK.

Create the Lane Sections

Referring to the typical cross section, the first section we need to create is the 3.5m lanes (working from the C.L. out). Step 9: Click Create Section and in the Add Section to Template form, enter the following: New Code = EB Width of Section = 3.5m Applied Slope = -3% Plot Code? = Ticked ON Layer Depth-1 = 0.05m Layer Material-1 = Asphalt Layer Depth-2 = 0.1m Layer Material-2 = FCR Class 2 Layer Depth-3 = 0.2m Layer Material-3 = FCR Class 3

Step 10: Click OK to create the section

Create the Shoulder Sections

Now we need to create the 1m shoulders. Step 11: Click Create Section and in the Add Section to Template form, enter the following: New Code = SH Width of Section = 1.0m Applied Slope = -5% Plot Code? = Ticked ON Layer Depth-1 = 0.15m Layer Material-1 = FCR Class 2 Layer Depth-2 = 0.2m Layer Material-2 = FCR Class 3

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As this section will sit adjacent to the tables drains/batters, will need to account for the subgrade material stretching put to met the design surface Step 12: Click Assign Layer Controls The Advanced Subgrade Options form will open: For more information on the Advanced Subgrade Options refer to the ARD help system. Step 13: For both Layer-1 and Layer-2 set the Outside Extend to Design? option to Cut and Fill and click Apply and Exit to close the form. Step 14: Click OK to create the shoulder sections.

Create the Left Table Drain Section

Step 15: Using the sample methodology as the previous section, create the following sections on the Left side of the template: Foreslope Section New Code = T1 Width of Section = 2m Select Vertical Distance Vertical Distance = -0.5m Select Side to Apply = Left Plot Code? = Ticked On Bottom Section New Code = T2 Width of Section = 0.5m Select Vertical Distance Vertical Distance = 0m Select Side to Apply = Left Plot Code? = Ticked On

Finalise the Template with Batters

Step 16: In Create Batter Conditions, click the Left Side button. In the Batter Specification - Left Hand Side form, switch to the Slope Batters tab and enter the Cut/Fill Slope as 1:2. Click OK to create the left batter. Step 17: Repeat Step 16 for the Right side, applying 1:2 batters Step 18: Click OK to close the template editor.

Apply the Template

Now that we have created a suitable template, we need to apply it to the road. Step 19: In the VGE click on the button to open the Design Data Form:

Step 20: Expand Templates Data Heading and select the existing template entry. Change the Template Name to Rural Road 7m and click on the Add/Update button.

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Automatic Table Drain

Step 21: From the Design Data Form, select the Table Drains Data Heading and click on the to add a new entry. Step 22: In the Table Drain form enter the following: Start Chainage = 0m End Chainage = 10000m Depth Tolerance = 0m Start Right Section 1 Horizontal = 2m Start Right Section 1 Vertical = 0.5m Start Right Section 2 Horizontal = 0.5m Start Right Section 2 Vertical = 0m Constant Width = Ticked Right Insertion Condition = When End of Section 1 is in Cut Click on Add/Update to apply the table drain to the right of the road. button to close the Design Data Form. button

Step 23: Click on the

Experiment: To explore the functionality of the table drain, graphically raise/lower a cross section (by changing the vertical design) to see the table drain on the right side automatically appear and disappear. Step 24: Close the VGE and CSW by clicking the OK and buttons respectively.

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Superelevation
Superelevation can be applied to any road in accordance with local, state and country standards. Note: Additional superelevation tools are also available to facilitate NSW RTA superelevation requirements (refer to Create/Edit Super Table and Template/Subgrade Super entries in the Design Data Form).

How it Works - Superelevation Tables

Superelevation tables are used to determine the superelevation lengths and crossfalls to apply to each curve. Preliminary design tables have been provided and can be edited and new tables created by the designer. Important Note: It remains the designer's responsibility to review these tables to ensure that they meet the local, state and/or country standards.

Shoulder Rotation
In addition to superelevating the road lanes, the software can also superelevate the shoulders. Similarly the software uses a table to determine the shoulder rotation (relative to the rotation applied to the lane) to be applied to each shoulder on each curve.

Computing & Applying Superelevation

Step 25: Click on the Design Panel Superelevation alignment. The Superelevation Calculations form will open: Command and select the Princess Hwy

Defining the Superelevation Parameters

The Design Inputs tab defines the general design parameters to use for calculating the superelevation to be applied to the road. Step 26: Enter the following parameters in the Design Inputs tab: Design Speed = 80km/h Maximum Super to Apply % = 7% % development length in curve (no spiral) start = 10% % development length in curve (no spiral) end = 10% Shoulder Rotation Controls: o Left Side Code = LSH o Right Side Code = RSH Shoulder Rotation File = MatchMaxSuper.shRot Superelevation File = ARD-AustRoads-Speed.txt Chainage Rounding = 5

Step 27: Click Update/Apply to apply the settings and calculate the superelevation. A warning about overwriting the data will appear. Click Yes to continue. Superelevation has now been calculated in accordance with the superelevation and shoulder rotation tables and using the parameters as defined in the Settings tab.

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Reviewing Applied Superelevation

The Applied Superelevation tab is used to review and edit the superelevation that is applied to the road. Step 28: Change to the Applied Superelevation tab to show the superelevation that has been calculated for Princess Hwy:

The table on this tab details the major change points and every aspect of the superelevation applied for each curve along the road.

Editing a Curve's Superelevation

The superelevation applied to a specific curve can be edited to revised design parameters and applied to the curve, by selecting a cell that contains an entry for the cur and clicking on the Edit Selected Curve button

Manual Editing of Superelevation

Manual edits can be made directly in the Applied Superelevation table. Users need only click on a cell and overwrite to adjust the chainage, crossfall, changes in widths or comments. Step 29: Click Apply and Exit to close the form. The software has now made adjustments to the cross sections of Princess Hwy in line with the superelevation table and has added sampling at the superelevation geometry point chainages. Step 30: Open a CSW by clicking on the Select Panel Open Cross Section Command.

Review the changes made to the cross sections by the applied superelevation. Step 31: Close the Cross Section Window by clicking on the button.

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Grading the Left Table Drain

The left table drain can be independently graded using String control as required. Refer to the previous examples on String control for more information about grading the Table Drain using a String. Note: When applying a String to a Code, the Method Hold Slope Change Offset will slide the code out to the level of the string whilst maintaining the slope of the section, which is great for table drains.

Outputs
There are quite a number of outputs that can be generated from the road model, however we will only look at the basics long section plot and design surface model. For more information on the various outputs that can be generated, please refer to Chapter 1.

Long Section Plot

Step 32: Click on the Plan Production Panel Long Section Hwy alignment. The Long Section Plotting Controls for Princess Hwy will open. Step 33: Click on the Load Style button, select Standard 2009.02.lpl7 and click Open to load the long section plotting style. You can add both the horizontal geometry and the applied superelevation as bands. The general process is Step 34: Click on the Set Up Road Data button and from the Long Section Data Bands/Controls form click on the Horizontal Geometry button. Step 35: Add a superelevation band by clicking on the Superelevation button. Step 36: Click on the Apply and Exit button to close the form and then click on the button to update the plot preview. Step 37: Plot the long section to paperspace by clicking on the Plot to Layout button. The plotted long sections will look like: Command and select the Princess

Surface Output
Another output that you may want to create is a surface model of the new road design. Step 38: Switch back to the model tab and click on the Modelling Panel Surface Model Dropdown Auto Model Command.

You may get messages about batter reports and kerb checking reports, simply click OK to dismiss these if they appear.

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Road Networks
Designers are likely to need to design a road network such as a subdivision that includes a number of interconnected roads, intersections, cul-des-sacs, knuckles (localised road widening) and/or roundabouts. Also as part of a road reconstruction, designers are often required to show how the reconstruction works will match back to existing side roads.

Project Data Introduction

Before you Start Please start AutoCAD Civil 3D 20XX and open the 3-Multi_Road_Design.dwg file. The training files can be found by running the Help Panel Help Dropdown Open Tutorial Folder Command.

This project data includes a surface and a collection of alignments to be designed. The overall site plan is shown below:

Surface Data

A single surface named NS exists in the drawing. All alignments are inside the extents of this surface
Alignments

Alignments have been created in the drawing, as follows:

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In ARD, the trimming of the intersection is completely automated when the roads are defined with an rdescription.

Establishing Typical Cross Sections

For the purposes of this exercise, two typical cross sections (Templates) will be applied across the road network. Lets assume that the Metric Road 6m SM template (supply with the software) is suitable for our collector roads and that the template for the minor roads will be similar but only 5m wide pavement with 1m wide footpaths.

Create the Minor Road Template

Step 1: Click on the Templates Panel Create Edit Section Command.

You will be asked to confirm intersection details for two alignments that cross each other: Stawell Rd and Sydney St. Step 2: Select Stawell Rd to be the Side Road Alignment and click OK. The template editor will open Step 3: Use the Select Template buttons to navigate to the Local Metric Road 6m SM template. We will now make a copy of this template to represent the 'minor' roads in the subdivision.

Step 4: Click on the Template Options button - from the list of options select Copy Current Template to Local Library to make a new copy of the current template in the local library (current project). Step 5: Name the new template Metric Road 5m SM and then click on OK. Step 6: A new template named Metric road 5m SM is now created, adopting the offsets/levels/slopes/subgrades from the previous template. Step 7: Modify the horizontal distances (widths) for the following elements: LEB = 2.5m REB = 2.5m LFPO = 1m RFPO = 1m

Step 8: Click on the OK button to accept all the edits to the template and close template editor. Now that we have our 'typical' cross section templates, it is time to assign them to specific road alignments To assign these templates and batter slopes prior to creating roads:

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Step 9: Click on the Design Panel Create/Edit Road Dropdown Set Road Defaults Command. The Defaults for Road Design form will open:

Step 10: Fill in the following (as shown above): Step 11: Click OK to create save the settings and exit the form. This sets different starting templates to be applied to each Road at the time of creation.

Interaction between Main and Side Roads - an 'Ease' Vertical Curve?

When side roads match up to main roads, the vertical grading of the side road automatically adjusts to connect to the design cross section of the main road. Designers often wish for the software to apply a vertical curve to smoothly transition the side road C.L. up to the main road cross section - ARD can automate this aspect of the design process. This can be controlled before roads are created from the Active Drawing Settings command, or individually for each Road at the time of creating the Road or after the Road is created.

Creating Multiple Roads

We are now ready to create all the roads in the drawing (defined with r- in the alignment description). Step 12: Click on the Design Panel Create/Edit Road Dropdown Auto Roads Creation... Command. This will display the Add Road form: The Alignment/Road Name is set to (Auto Road Creation) - the actual template and batter conditions will be assigned from the Set Road Defaults settings. You can adjust the sampling frequency as desired for the new roads. Step 13: Click Create/Update button to create all the roads in the drawing.

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Note: Any road that has already been created will be ignored, it will not be re-created.

Intersection Interaction Between Roads

Now that we have created all the roads in the project, open up two or more 'intersecting' roads to see how they interact in the intersection zones. For this example, the T intersection of Marin St and Stawell Rd will be reviewed by opening the Vertical Grading Editor (VGE) for both roads. Step 14: Click on the Select Panel Open Vertical Grading alignment. Step 15: Repeat step 15 to open the VGE for Stawell Rd. Step 16: Open a Cross Section Window (CSW) for Marin St by right clicking around chainage 110 Notice that there are design IPs on the Stawell street vertical grading that match the cross section geometry of Marin Street at the intersection. Step 17: Experiment by adjusting an IP on Marin St to change the levels in the intersection. You will notice that the start section of the Stawell Rd vertical design will immediately move up/down in response to the changing intersection levels. This behaviour is consistent at every intersection. Step 18: Close all open VGEs and Cross Section Windows Command and select the Marin St

Kerb Return Design

ARD includes specific design tools for creating kerb returns - kerb return design is fully automated! Once you create a kerb return, you don't have to worry about the horizontal or vertical connections - ARD will manage it for you. Automation of the kerb returns includes: Managing the horizontal geometry Managing the vertical geometry Managing the cross sections

Note: If you move a road alignment(s), just use the Edit Panel Update All Road Objects Command to re-connect all the kerb returns at the affected intersection.

Default Kerb Return Settings

The default settings for kerb returns created in your project are defined in the Active Drawing Settings. The initial radius for a single curve kerb return, default cut/fill batter slopes, template and template to determine subgrade definition for the kerb returns are able to be set. Step 19: Open the Active Drawing Settings by clicking on the Settings Panel Active Drawing Settings Command and change to the Kerb Details tab.

Change the Cut and Fill Default Slope to 1:2 Click on Save and Exit to apply the settings and close the form.

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Creating a Kerb Return

Step 20: Click on the Design Panel Kerb Return Command. At the prompt Select Kerb to Edit [Locate Point Near Kerb Location for New Kerb]: click somewhere immediately north-east of the intersection of Marin St and Stawell Rd.

Step 21: Enter the following in the Kerb Definition form: Select Single Arc tab as the kerb return horizontal geometry type Set the radius = 12m

Step 22: Click on the Create/Update Alignment button. An alignment for the kerb return is created in the drawing and the Kerb Definition form is left open: You can continuously change the kerb return alignment by simply adjusting the design parameters (the radius in this case) and clicking on Create/Update Alignment button again Step 23: Click on the button Display Vertical Grading button to display a static of the vertical grading of the kerb return. This VGE will be static, that is no editing can be preformed until the Kerb Definition form is closed. Step 24: Dismiss the warning message about the static VGE and click on the Close button to close Kerb Definition form and make the VGE active.

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The kerb return reads the levels and grades incoming to and outgoing from the kerb return to ensure that there is a match at each end of the kerb return.

Continuously match the levels and grades at the start/end of the return, and

Step 25: Experiment by opening both the VGEs for Marin St and Stawell Rd. Move the levels of Marin St up/down near the intersection - note that both the Stawell Rd levels are adjusted at the intersection and the kerb return levels are also updated. Step 26: Review the cross sections of the kerb return by right clicking in its VGE to open a CSW. Notice how the cross sections are automatically created, including assignment of an appropriate subgrade. The software will connect together all common codes between the main and side roads (ignoring the L/R prefix). You can make additional edits to the sections by opening the Design Data Form. The RDUM/LDUM code is inserted into the cross section of the kerb return to fill in the intersection between the C.L. of the kerb & edge of the main road and C.L. of the kerb & the C.L. of the side road. Step 27: Close all open VGEs and CSWs.

Automated Kerb Return Creation

Step 28: Click on the Design Panel Kerb Return Dropdown Auto Kerb Returns... Step 29: Type in 12m as the Default Radius and then click OK. The software will now proceed to create kerb returns at all the remaining locations, matching horizontal, vertical and cross section geometry. Command.

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You can review any of the kerb returns by using the Design Panel Kerb Return Edit Panel Open Vertical Grading

Command or the

Command and selecting the kerb return alignment.

Surface Output
Creating a surface of the network of roads and kerb returns, inclusive of intersection trimming for the kerb returns and formation of appropriate boundaries, occurs via a single command. Step 30: Click on the Modelling Panel Surface Model Dropdown Auto Model Command.

You may get messages about batter reports and kerb checking reports, simply click OK to dismiss these if they appear. The software will process all the ARD Objects and form a single surface model of your roads and kerb returns named TotalModel.

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You can continue to make design changes - simply click on the Modelling Panel Surface Model Dropdown Auto Model Command again to update the surface model.

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Cul-de-sac Design
Advanced Road Design (ARD) includes specific design tools to create and edit cul-de-sacs, including connection to the adjoining road and automatic trimming at the time of modelling. In this example, it is desired to construct a circular cul-de-sac at the end of Marin St, as shown, left.

Creating the Cul-de-sac

Horizontal Geometry

Step 31: Click on the Design Panel Cul-de-sac

Command.

At the command prompt Select Cul-de-sac to Edit [Enter if Creating a New Cul-de-sac Alignment]: press Enter. The Cul-de-sac Definition form will open: Step 32: Start defining the cul-de-sac by entering the following: Cul-de-sac Name = CDS-Marin StE Incoming Road = use the dropdown list to select Marin St Match to Code = use the dropdown list to select EB Select End = End

Step 33: Ensure that the Circle tab (horizontal layout parameters) is selected and click on the button next to Start Chainage The focus will switch back to the drawing and you will be prompted Click on Required Chainage, Alignment is Marin St: Click somewhere around chainage 190 This will populate the chainage you have selected back into the Start Chainage on the form. Step 34: Now we need to set up the parameters to define the horizontal geometry, enter the following: Start Chainage = Ensure that this is between 190 and 195 - you can type in a value if required Radius 1 = 15m Radius 2 = 8m Radius 3 = 15m

Step 35: Click on Create/Update Alignment to generate the alignment:

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The alignment will appear as shown - if the alignment extends beyond the start/end of the adjoining road, then change the Start Chainage or the Radius values to ensure it is fully contained within the connecting road. Note: The cul-de-sac alignment is editable - simply change the parameters in the form and click on Create/Update Alignment - a new alignment will be generated using the newly entered parameters supplied.
Vertical Geometry

Step 36: Click on the button Vertical Grading Controls button to set up the vertical design controls for the cul-de-sac: Step 37: Use the dropdown list to set the Cul-de-sac Template to Auto - this will result in the cross sections being automatically generated from the adjoining road (similar to kerb returns) Step 38: Click on the Display Vertical Grading button. Step 39: Click on the Close button to exit the Cul-de-sac Definition form and obtain full control over the cul-de-sacs VGE. The cul-de-sac reads the levels from the adjoining road incoming to and outgoing from the cul-de-sac to ensure that there is a match in both levels and grades at each end.
Cross Sections

Step 40: Review the cul-de-sac cross sections by opening a Cross Section Window (right click in CDSMarin St-E VGE or run the Select Panel Open Cross Section Command). Notice how the cross sections are automatically created, including assignment of an appropriate subgrade. You can edit the sections by opening the Design Data Form for the cul-de-sac. Step 41: Close all open VGEs and CSWs by clicking on OK or the button.

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Surface Output
Creating a surface incorporating the cul-de-sac and the rest of the road network, occurs via a single command. Step 42: Click on the Modelling Panel Surface Model Dropdown Auto Model Command.

Knuckle Design
This type of localised road widening is normally reserved for bends in the road, where it is desired to widen out the pavement to expose a larger property frontage. This design wizard can also be applied successfully using your own alignment. In this case it is desired to construct a knuckle at the bend of Sydney St East of the intersection with Stawell Rd, as shown, left. It is desired to have reverse crossfall for the knuckle.

Knuckle Cross Section Template

To achieve a smooth transition between the road and the knuckle, the template applied to the knuckle should be the same looking from the match in code (typically LEB/REB) out. Step 43: Click on the Templates Panel Create/Edit Section editor. Command to open the template

Step 44: Click on the button Select Template and choose Local Metric Kerb-R SM from the list.

This template is the same as the Metric Road 6m SM template from the REB code outwards so at the start/end of the knuckle, which will align with the REB code of Sydney St, and the kerb, verge and footpath will match between the knuckle and the road. The default batter on this template is 1:1 however we have generally applied a 1:2 batter on the roads in this project. Step 45: Click on the Right Side button and change the Cut/Fill Slope to 1:2

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Click the OK button to apply the slope and close the form. Click on the OK button to close the Template Editor

Creating the Knuckle

Horizontal Geometry

Step 46: Click on the Design Panel Knuckle

Command.

At the command prompt Select Knuckle to Edit [Enter if Creating a New Knuckle Alignment]: press Enter. This will open the Knuckle Definition form: Step 47: Start defining the knuckle by entering the following: Knuckle Name = KN-Sydney St Select Adjacent Road = use the dropdown list to select Sydney St Match to Code = use the dropdown list to select EB

Step 48: Ensure that the Knuckle 1 tab (horizontal layout parameters) is selected and click on the button next to Start Chainage The focus will switch back to the drawing and you will be prompted Click on Required Chainage, Alignment Sydney St: Click somewhere around chainage 175. This will populate the chainage you have selected back into the Start Chainage on the form: Step 49: Repeat step 56 to select the End Chainage value around chainage 195. Step 50: Now we need to set up the parameters to define the horizontal geometry, enter the following: Start Chainage = Ensure that this around chainage 175 - you can type in a value if required Radius 1 = 10m Radius 2 = 8m Radius 3 = 10m End Chainage = Ensure that this around chainage 195 Select Apply to Right Side

Step 51: Click on Create/Update Alignment to generate the alignment. The alignment will be created in the drawing - if the alignment is not what you are after, simply edit the values and click on the Create/Update Alignment button to update the alignment.

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Vertical Geometry

Step 52: Click on the button Vertical Grading Controls button to set up the vertical controls for the knuckle: In this part of the Knuckle Definition form you get to set up the vertical and cross section controls applied to the knuckle. Step 53: In the vertical grading tab set the following: Select Yes - Compute VC from Adjacent Road Extend Start Distance = 4m Extend End Distance = 4m Ensure that Insert Mi-Point is ticked ON Ensure that Reverse Slope is ticked ON Section Spacing/Frequency = 1m Select Template = use the dropdown list to pick Metric Kerb-R SM template Select Add New Code (LNUK/RNUK) and Set Code to use Knuckle Vertical Design

At this point you can either create the knuckle (Compute Vertical Grading) or create the knuckle and display its VGE (Display Vertical Grading). Step 54: Click on the Display Vertical Grading button. Step 55: Click on the Close button to exit the Knuckle Definition form and obtain full control over the knuckles VGE. The knuckle reads the levels incoming to and outgoing from the knuckle to ensure that there is a match in both levels and grades at each end. Step 56: Open both the VGEs for Sydney St and KN-Sydney St. Move the levels of Sydney St up/down near the end of the road and note that the knuckle incoming and outgoing levels adjust to maintain connectivity with Sydney St. Step 57: Close all the open VGEs by clicking on the clicking OK.

Surface Output
Creating a surface incorporating the knuckle and the rest of the road network, occurs via a single command. Step 58: Click on the Modelling Panel Surface Model Dropdown Auto Model Command.

The software will process all the ARD Objects (roads, kerb returns, cul-de-sacs and knuckles) to form a single surface model of your road network named TotalModel.

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Roundabout Design
ARD includes specific design tools to create a roundabout at an intersection by using the surface model of the intersection and allowing for the crossing roads and kerb returns. This method of creating a roundabout is very useful for new works and where the intersecting roads and kerb returns are being designed using ARD.

Design Concept
The roundabout is to be constructed at the intersection of Stawell Rd and Sydney St. Both of these roads have been created, as have the kerb returns at the intersection. The intersection has been modelled without the roundabout constructed - the surface TotalModel has been previously created. Levels from this surface will be used to set levels onto the roundabout. Two alignments exist in the drawing for the roundabout design: Inner Island: this alignment describes the horizontal geometry of the inside edge of the roundabout Outer Circulating Carriageway: this alignment describes the horizontal geometry of the outer edge

Adjust Kerb Returns to Accommodate Roundabout

Some kerb returns radii need to be enlarged to fir the roundabout in. Step 59: Click on the Design Panel Kerb Return Command.

At the prompt Select Kerb to Edit [Locate Point Near Kerb Location for New Kerb]: click somewhere immediately north-west of the intersection of Sydney St and Stawell Rd. This will open the Kerb Definition form for the Sydney St-Stawell Rd-START-L-P1 kerb return: Step 60: Change the Radius to 12.5m and click on the Create/Update Alignment button. The alignment for the kerb return will update and now longer cross the Outer Circulating Carriageway alignment. Step 61: Click on the Close button to close the form. Step 62: Repeat Steps 65 67 to change the radius of the Sydney St-Stawell Rd-END-L-P1 (southwest) kerb return to 13m.

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Creating the Roundabout

Step 63: Click on the Design Panel Roundabout Command.

At the command prompt Select Roundabout (Alignment Must Exist):pick on or near the Inner Island alignment at the intersection of Stawell Rd and Sydney St. The Roundabouts form will open:

Step 64: The first step is to establish the outer edge of the roundabout as well as the cross section template to be applied and the frequency of sampling to be used. Enter the following: Ensure that Inner Island is defined as the Centre Island Alignment (if not, then click Cancel and repeat step 69) Select Outer Circulating Carriageway from the Outer Alignment dropdown list Section Spacing = 1m

Next we need to define which roads and kerb returns are to be included in the intersection
Affected Roads

Step 65: Click on the Add Road button and select on or near Sydney St by clicking in the drawing. Step 66: Click Add Road again and add Stawell Rd to the list. Step 67: Limit the length of roads included in the model for the roundabout by entering the following: Sydney St Start Chainage = 60m Sydney St End Chainage = 60m Stawell Rd Start Chainage = 120m Stawell Rd End Chainage = 120m

Affected Kerb Returns

Step 68: Click on the Add Kerb button and select on or near one of the 4 kerb returns in the drawing.

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Step 69: Repeat step 74 to add the other three kerb returns to the list. The Kerb Name list should contain: Sydney St-Stawell Rd-START-R-P1 Sydney St-Stawell Rd-START-L-P1 Sydney St-Stawell Rd-END-R-P1 Sydney St-Stawell Rd-END L-P1

Modelling the Roundabout

Step 70: Tick on the option to Include Roundabout in Total Model Surface Model this will ensure that next time you run the Auto Model command, the roundabout will also be included. Step 71: Click on the Create Intersection Model button to build a model of the roundabout including the trimmed portions of Sydney St and Stawell Rd and the four kerb returns. You may get messages about batter reports, simply click OK to dismiss these if they appear. The software will now sample the roundabout and build the underlying surface that the roundabout is draped on, followed by a surface incorporating the roundabout. Step 72: Click OK exit the form. Two new surfaces are now created in the drawing: Inner Island-TEMP: This is the temporary surface that you set up in the Roundabout form - the software used the levels off this model to establish levels for the roundabout alignments. Inner Island-FINAL: This is the intersection surface incorporating the roundabout.

A view of the output is as follows:

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Surface Output
Creating a surface incorporating the roundabout and the rest of the road network, occurs via a single command. Step 73: Click on the Modelling Panel Surface Model Dropdown Auto Model Command.

You may get messages about batter reports and kerb checking reports, simply click OK to dismiss these if they appear. The software will process all the ARD Objects (roads, kerb returns, cul-de-sacs, knuckles and roundabouts) to form a single surface model of your road network named TotalModel.

Roundabout Redesign
Step 74: Click on the Select Panel Open Vertical Grading alignment or press Enter and select it from a list. A VGE will open with the capacity to adjust the roundabout levels: Click OK to close the VGE for the roundabout. Command and select the Inner Island

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Road Reconstruction - Resheet/Overlay

This Chapter covers the process of modelling an existing road that requires a resheet (or overlay) with the inclusion of new kerb & channel, footpath and full depth pavement on one side.

Project Data Introduction

Before you Start Please start AutoCAD Civil 3D 20XX and open the 5a_Resheeting.dwg file. The training files can be found by running the Help Panel Help Dropdown Open Tutorial Folder Command.

Note: 20XX represents the version of AutoCAD Civil 3D you are running. The existing road Delawn St requires re-sheeting with a minimum 30 mm asphalt and the open channel on the left needs to be replaced with kerb & channel and a footpath. The kerb & channel is to be barrier type and 600mm wide full depth pavement is also to be constructed. The overall site plan is shown left.
Surface Data

A single surface of the existing road named NS exists in the drawing.

Alignments

The alignments needed to model the reconstruction have already been created and are:

The Delawn_LEB and Delawn_REB alignments are the proposed edge of bitumen of the reconstructed road. The right (west) side alignment matches the existing lip of kerb, which is to be retained.
Typical Section & Pavement Details

A typical section and pavement detail of the proposed design is as follows:

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The left saw-cut line is only required to define the location of the saw-cut and the start of the full depth pavement, which is 600mm offset from the new left edge of bitumen.

Create the Template

Step 1: Click on the Templates Panel Create/Edit Section Command.

Create a new template by click on the Templates Options button and selecting the Create New Template in Local Library option. Name the new template Delawn and click OK. The pavement for the reconstruction needs to follow the existing surface so we can get an accurate idea of the material required to reconstruct the road. Step 2: Create a new section by clicking on the Create Section button. Enter the following: New Code = EB Width of Section = 3.5m Applied Slope (%) = -3% Layer Depth-1 = 0.03m Layer Material-1 = Asphalt Leave the default to apply the new section to Both sides of the template Tick On the option to Plot Codes? Step 3: Click on the Assign Layer Controls button: From the Advanced Subgrade Options form you can adjust the Fill/Extension Options and Match Depth to Surface options of any of the subgrade layers that have been defined for the Code. When setting a subgrade layer to match the existing surface you can also set Minimum/Maximum layer thickness to be applied. Which in our case we use to set the asphalt layer to always be a minimum 30 mm. Step 4: Make the first subgrade layer copy the existing surface by entering the following: Match Depth to Surface = Yes Minimum Layer Depth = 0.03m Maximum Extra Depth = 10m Click Apply and Exit to apply the subgrade controls. Click OK to create the section.

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Now we need to add the kerb and channel on the left. Step 5: Click the Create Kerb button. The Add Kerb form will open. Step 6: Enter the following (as shown): Invert of Kerb: o Width = 0.45m o Depth = -0.04m o Code = INV Top of Kerb: o Width = 0.04m o Depth = 0.15m o Code = TK Back of Kerb: o Width = 0.11m o Depth = 0m o Code = BK Kerb Depth = 0.2m. Subbase Extension = 0.15m Subgrade 1 Depth = 0.13m Kerb Material = Concrete Layer 1 Material = FCR Class 3 Select Side to Apply = Left Side Only, as we only want this on the left Click OK to create the Kerb. Since there is a verge between the footpath and the kerb and channel we need to add two more codes, LFPI & LFPO. Step 7: Click the Add Section button and create the follow sections (two in total): Verge section details: New Code = FPI Width of Section = 1m Applied Slope = 2.5% Select Side to Apply = Left Plot Code = Ticked Footpath section details: New Code = FPO Width of Section = 1.5m Applied Slope = 2.5% Subgrade Layer 1: o Depth = 0.1m o Material = Concrete Select Side to Apply = Left Plot Code = Ticked

The last part of the template that we need to create is the batter conditions on the left side. Step 8: Click on Left Side in the Create Batter Conditions area of the template form. Switch to the Slope Batters tab and set the Cut Slope and Fill Slope to 1:1. Click OK. The completed template (shown in Cut) will look like:

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Note: At this time the subgrade does NOT account for the saw cutting. This will be added later. Step 9: Click the OK button to save the template and close the template editor.

Create Delawn Road

Step 10: Click on the Design Panel Create/Edit Road alignment. The Add Road form will open: Step 11: Using the Select Template dropdown list, select the Delawn template. Change the Arc Segment Spacing to 5m (better modelling around the curves). Click Create/Update button. The Vertical Grading Editor (VGE) will open and display the initial 'automatic' vertical design for the Delawn St. You can also view the cross sections by right clicking in the VGE to open a Cross Section Window (CSW). Command and select the Delawn St

Widen the Left and Right Pavement Edge

The right side pavement needs to match the existing edge and the left side needs to stretch across to the design edge. Step 12: Open the Design Data Form by clicking on the Form button (or Select Panel Design Data

Command and clicking on or near the Delawn St alignment in the drawing).

The Design Data Form for Delawn St will open: Step 13: Select Variations Data Heading in the Design Data list and click on the entry Select Set Code Offset to Alignment from variation list and click OK. button to add a new

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Step 14: In Set Code to Alignment Editor fill in the following details for the REB code variation: Code = REB Start Chainage = 0m End Chainage = 10000m Widen Method = Change Offset and Level Alignment = Delawn_REB

Click the Add/Update button. The Set Code to Alignment Editor will remain open for another entry. Step 15: Fill in the following details for the LEB code variation: Code = LEB Start Chainage = 0m End Chainage = 10000m Widen Method = Change Offset and Level Alignment = Delawn_LEB

Click the Add/Update button. Step 16: Click the button save the data and close the Design Data Form.

Step 17: Open a CSW by right clicking in the VGE (if a CSW is not already open) The CSW should immediately show the LEB/REB Codes widened to match the offset for the alignments, as shown below:

Create the Overlay Design

As discussed, the requirements for the vertical design are: There is to be a reasonable longitudinal grade (good vertical curvature, no abrupt grade changes, maybe even with vertical curves). The levels to closely match the existing surface such that the cross section between the left and right side is always at least 30mm above the surface.

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Step 18: To create the overlay click on the

button in the VGE.

This will open the Vertical Curve Initial Design form. From here you can choose a variety of methods to create the vertical design of your road. Step 19: Click on the Resheet button. This form allows you to select a left and right alignment between which the software will do an analysis of the height difference between the existing surface and the design surface thus ensuring that the minimum overlay depth is achieved. Step 20: Using the dropdown lists, select Delawn_LEB for the Left Side Alignment and Delawn_REB as the Right Side Alignment. Enter the Minimum Overlay Depth as 0.03m. Click OK. Step 21: Click Apply Exit to compute the new vertical design for Delawn St and return to the VGE. The software will open a VC Report in Notepad. This report contains the details of how the new vertical design for the road was computed. Step 22: Review and dismiss the VC Report by closing Notepad. The vertical design will now have an IP at every location there is a cross section sampled. You can now edit your design to smooth out the vertical design, and using Design Constraints you can keep a record of your resheet levels so you dont accidentally design with too little asphalt thickness.

Step 23: Delete/Edit the IP's to achieve the desired smoothed vertical design for the road ensuring that you achieve the minimum 30mm overlay depth.

Note: When inserting an IP using either of the Snap to IP creation tools, and . The resheet design constraint can be select as the Snap To object by picking it in the Snap To dropdown list:

Add the New Full Depth Pavement to the Subgrade

Now we need to include a saw cut code in the template that we will use to define the region of full depth pavement, however we do not want this saw cut Code to impact of the finished surface levels, just provide a horizontal offset for the saw cut point. Step 24: In the Design Data Form, select Variations Data Heading in the Design Data list and click on the button to add a new entry.

The Variation Selection List will open:

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Step 25: Select Insert Section with Interpolated Levels and click OK. In the Insert Section with interpolated Levels form enter the following: Start Chainage = 0m End Chainage = 1000m Before/After = Before Selected Code Code = LEB New Code = LSAW Method = Relative to Code Offset = -0.6m Click on Add/Update to apply the entry button.

Step 26: Close the Design Data Form by click the

OOPS! What happened to the Subgrade?

We need to augment the template to handle the two new code pairs that we have introduced with the insertion of LSAW, C.L. to LSAW and LSAW to LEB. Step 27: Click on the Templates Panel Create Edit Section Editor. Use the Select Template Command to open the Template

buttons to make the Local Delawn template current.

The subgrade for the new section between the C.L. and LSAW code will be the 30mm overlay. Step 28: Click on the Set Subgrade button to create a subgrade between two user defined codes. Enter the First Code as C.L. and the Second Code as LSAW. Click Apply and Exit. Step 29: The Edit Subgrade for Section form will open and enter the following: Layer Depth-1 = 0.03m Layer Material-1 = Asphalt

Step 30: Click on the Assign Layer Controls button and enter the following:

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Match Depth to Surface = Yes Minimum Layer Depth = 0.03m Maximum Extra Depth = 10m

Click Apply and Exit to assign the subgrade controls. Click Apply and Exit to create the section. The subgrade for the section between LSAW and LEB will be full depth pavement. Step 31: Click on the Set Subgrade button to create a subgrade between two user defined codes. Enter the First Code as LSAW and the Second Code as LEB Click Apply and Exit. Step 32: The Edit Subgrade for Section form will open . Enter the following: Layer Depth-1 = 0.03m Layer Material-1 = Asphalt Layer Depth-2 = 0.1m Layer Material-2 = FCR Class 2 Layer Depth-3 = 0.2m Layer Material-3 = FCR Class 3

Click Apply and Exit to create the section. Step 33: Click Save and Exit to save the changes to the template. Now the 600mm width of full depth pavement will be included in the model as can be seen in the CSW:

The slope/cross-fall of the LEB code can be adjusted without causing a grade break in the LSAW code, its level is adjust to ensure the origin grade of LEB.

Volume Report
Step 34: Click on the button in the Delawn St VGE.

The summary volume report will be opened in a Notepad file: A more detailed volume report can be generated by clicking on the Reports Panel Volume Command.

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Road Reconstruction - Intersection Reconstruction

Project Data Introduction
Before you Start Please start AutoCAD Civil 3D 20XX and open 5c_Intersection_Reconstruction.dwg. The training files can be found by running the Help Panel Help Dropdown Open Tutorial Folder Command.

Overall Site Plan

Keep the existing pavement . Works to include widening of a kerb line, addition of a roundabout island and asphalt overlay for the roundabout carriageway, and addition of 3 kerbed island.
Surface Data

A single surface of the existing intersection named NS exists in the drawing. A Outer boundary has also been applied to this surface to control the extents of triangulation.
Alignments

The alignments to model the intersection have already been created and are as noted, right:

Create the Kerb Widening

The first component that we are going to model is the kerb widening on the approach of Brewster Road. Typical Section:

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Create the Kerb 'Road'

Step 1: Click on the Design Panel Create/Edit Road The Add Road form will open: Click the Create/Edit Road icon. At the command line prompt to select the alignment, click on or around the Kerb alignment. The Add Road form will open: Step 2: Change the spacings to 1m for tight sampling (the Add Extra Sampling button to alternately be used) Click Set Section Widths and set the Left Width to 5m and right width to 1m. Step 3: Click OK to exit the Set Sampled Section Width form. Add extra sampling using AutoCAD lines drawn on the layer EX-TOK. Step 4: Click Use Layers. Select Layer EX-TOK from the layer list and apply a Search Offset of 10m any lines or arcs on layer AR-TOK within 10m of the Kerb alignment will be analysed to add extra section sampling. Step 5: Tick on the options to add the extra sampling from this layer as well as the other sampling set, then click Apply and Exit. Step 6: Create the Kerb 'Road' by clicking on the Create/Update button. Command and select the Kerb alignment.

Create & Apply Kerb Template

Step 7: From the VGE form, click Create/Edit Section button.

Create a new template by click on the Template Options button and selecting the Create New Template in Local Library option. Name the new template Kerb and click OK. The kerb shape needs to match the existing kerb and gutter, which is Barrier Type with a 450mm gutter. Step 8: Click the Create Kerb button. Step 9: When the Add Kerb form opens enter the following: Invert of Kerb: o Width = 0.45m o Depth = -0.04m o Code = INV Top of Kerb: o Width = 0.04m o Depth = 0.15m o Code = TK Back of Kerb: o Width = 0.11m o Depth = 0m

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o Code = BK Kerb Depth = 0.2m. Kerb Material = Concrete Select Side to Apply = Left Side Only, as we only want this on the left Click OK to create the Kerb.

Enter the following details: Enter MATCH for New Code Set the Width of Section to 0.001m Tick ON Vertical Distance Set the Vertical Distance to 0m Select Left for the Side to Apply Tick ON Plot Code Make the Depth of the first Subgrade Layer 0.1m Select a material for this infill layer

Step 10: To make the Infill subgrade layer follow the existing surface, click Assign Layer Controls. We need to set the Infill material up so that it fills the gap behind the back of kerb. Step 11: Make the first subgrade layer copy the existing surface by entering the following: Match Depth to Surface = Yes Minimum Layer Depth = 0m Maximum Extra Depth = 10m

Click Apply and Exit to apply the subgrade controls. Click OK to create the section. The created section will look like (when the Show in Fill option is selected):

Step 12: Save the template by clicking on OK. Step 13: From the VGE form, click the Design Data Form button.

Step 14: Exapand the Templates heading in the Design Data list and click on the existing Template entry in the list

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Step 15: The Template details will display on the right panel. Change the Template Name to Kerb and click on Add/Update If desired, click on the button to display the updated cross sections for Kerb.

While we have the Design Data form open, lets set the LMATCH code to sit on the surface at the position of the existing back of kerb. The alignment named Kerb-LMatch matches the existing back of kerb. Step 16: Select Variations Data Heading in the Design Data list and click on the entry Select Set Code Levels to Match Surface from variation list and click OK. Step 35: In Set Code Levels to Match Surface fill in the following details for the LMATCH code variation: Code = LMATCH Start Chainage = 0m End Chainage = 10000m Surface = NS Options Alignment = KERB-LMATCH button to add a new

Click the Add/Update button. The cross sections will now look like the following:

Step 17: Close the Design Data Form.

Set the Kerb Levels to Match the Surface

As the kerb widening is to match into the existing kerb and channel, its Vertical Grading only needs to be draped on the existing surface. Step 18: To drape the vertical grading onto the existing surface click on the button in the VGE.

This will open the Vertical Curve Initial Design form. From here you can choose a variety of methods to create the vertical design of your road. Step 19: Click on the Match to Surface button. This form allows you to select a chainage range over which the vertical grading should match a surface, as well as allowing you to set some smoothing parameters for the software to apply IPs and vertical curves (instead of placing an IP at every sampled section).

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Step 20: Set the following: Start Chainage = 0 End Chainage = 10000 Surface = NS

Click OK. Step 21: Click Apply (&) Exit to apply these vertical curve settings to the Kerb. A form will display confirming the vertical grading aplied to the string, and the vertical grading will be adjusted, as shown below:

At every cross section the kerb is matching the existing surface levels.

Surface Model
Step 22: To create a Civil 3D surface model of just the Kerb 'Road' click on the Contours button). A surface model of the Kerb 'Road' will be created in the drawing which will look like: Step 23: Click OK to save all the data and close the Vertical Grading Editor. (Create Road

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Create the Roundabout

Now we are going to design the Roundabout at the intersection. The alignment for the Roundabout has already been drawn. The typical section is shown below with a central island and a 5.1m wide circulating carriageway. Whilst the intention is to drape the roundabout on the existing surface, a certain amount of redesign (milling and asphalt filling) is required. We will grade the central island so that the cross-fall of the circulating carriageway is within an acceptable tolerance when it is draped on the existing road surface using Design Constraints. Typical Section:

Create the Roundabout Profile/String

Step 24: Click on the Design Panel Create String/Profile alignment. The Add Road form will open: Step 25: Change the spacings to 1 m for tight sampling (the Add Extra Sampling button to alternately be used) Leave the Template to the default for now we will create and apply an appropriate Template shortly. Click Set Section Widths and set the Left Width to 5m and right width to 10m. Step 26: Click OK to exit the Set Sampled Section Width form. Step 27: Click Create/Update to make the string and open the VGE Command and select the Roundabout

Create & Apply Roundabout Template

Step 28: From the VGE form, click Create/Edit Section button.

Create a new template by click on the Templates Options button and selecting the Create New Template in Local Library option.

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Name the new template Roundabout and click OK. The roundabout is to consist of a kerb section for the island and an extended asphalt pavement for the redesigned circulating carriageway. The asphalt should regulate to the existing pavement and have a minimum 30 mm depth. Step 29: Enter the following direcly in the Template Data List for the left side. Top of Kerb Section: o Width = 0..19m o Vertical Distance = .125m o Plot (Y/N) = No o Code = LTK Back of Kerb Section: o Width = 0.11m o Vertical Distance = 0m o Plot (Y/N) = Yes o Code = TK

There is no subgrade below the kerb. To apply a subgrade (which can then be used for volume calculations, do the following: Step 30: Click the Edit Kerb button. Click OK at the prompt to Select Kerb to Edit click on either of the two sections in the display window. You are now able to select any two codes between which a kerb type subgrade will be applied. Step 31: Set Label 1 to be C.L. code and Label 2 to be the LBK code. Step 32: Click OK to assign a subgrade. The Edit Subgrade for Kerbs form will display: Step 33: Enter the following: Set the Kerb Depth to 0.2m Set the Kerb Material to Concrete

Click Apply and Exit to set the subgrade for the kerb. Next, make the Circulating Carriageway. Step 34: Click on the Create Section button. Enter the following details (as shown right): Enter MATCH for New Code Set the Width of Section to 5.1m Set the Applied Slope to 0% Select Right for the Side to Apply Tick ON Plot Code Make the Depth of the first Subgrade Layer 0..03m Set the Material for the first Subgrade Layer to Asphalt

Step 35: To make the Infill subgrade layer follow the existing surface, click Assign Layer Controls. We need to set the asphalt to regulate down to the existing pavement.

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Step 36: Make the first subgrade layer copy the existing surface by entering the following: Match Depth to Surface = Yes Minimum Layer Depth = 0.03m Maximum Extra Depth = 10m

Click Apply and Exit to apply the subgrade controls. Click OK to create the section. The created section will look like (when the Show in Fill option is selected):

Step 40: Click OK to create the Roundabout template. Step 37: Save the template by clicking on OK. Now we need to apply this new Kerb template to the Kerb object.

Step 38: From the VGE form, click the Design Data Form

button.

Step 39: Exapand the Templates heading in the Design Data list and click on the existing Template entry in the list Step 40: The Template details will display on the right panel. Change the Template Name to Roundabout and click on Add/Update If desired, click on the button to display the updated cross sections for Roundabout.

Drape the Circulating Carriageway (RMatch) onto the existing surface

While we have the Design Data form open, lets set the outer edge of the circulating carriageway (RMATCH code) to match the existing road pavement. Step 41: Select Variations Data Heading in the Design Data list and click on the entry Select Set Code Levels to Match Surface from variation list and click OK. Step 36: In Set Code Levels to Match Surface fill in the following details for the RMATCH code variation: button to add a new

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Code = RMATCH Start Chainage = 0m End Chainage = 10000m Surface = NS

Click the Add/Update button. The cross sections will now look like the following:

Setup Design Constraints

As mentioned we need to grade the Roundabout so that the cross-fall of the circulating carriageway is within an acceptable range. To aid in us in this we are going to use Design Constraints projected from the RMatch Code at 1% and 5% towards the C.L. (lip of kerb) of the Roundabout. There are several types of Design Constraints; however for this design we are going to use the levels and offsets of the RMATCH code for the projections. Step 42: Select Design Constraints Data Heading in the Design Data list and click on the add a new entry Select From Code Design Surface from the list and click OK. Step 37: Set up the following constraints: Code = RMATCH Start Chainage = 0m End Chainage = 10000m Interpolated Data on Road = Roundabout Code = RMATCH Lower Crossfall = -1% Upper Crossfall = 5% Lower Colour = White Upper Colour = White Selectable and Display ticked ON Lower and Upper Active set to Yes button to

Click the Add/Update button. The cross section and VGE windows will update to display the design constraints:

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Grading the Roundabout

Step 45: Successively add IP's so that the cross-fall of the circulating carriageway is satisfactory around the whole length of the roundabout island, the start and end levels are the same and the grades at the start and end are within acceptable limits. Note: When editing the IP's it can be frustrating when the VGE automatically rescales the window. Click on the Rescale VGE icon so it shows rescales the window after editing. - this will put it into the Do Not Rescale state, so it only

Graphically move IPs up and down and use the Edit IP command to set IP elevations and positions numerically. An example result of IPs is shown in the following table below: Chainage 0.000 11.436 31.193 52.140 Level 123 123.243 122.607 123 10.000 15.000 VC Length

Surface Model
Step 43: To create a Civil 3D surface model of just the Roundabout click on the Contours button). (Create Road

A surface model of the Roundabout will be created in the drawing which will look like:

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Step 44: Click OK to save all the data and close the Vertical Grading Editor. Now lets proceed to make a surface for the roundabout pavement area and the islands. Once we have these surfaces we can paste them together to create a final surface model.

Create Splitter Islands

Next we need to create the models of the three splitter islands on the approaching roads. Once again the alignments have already been drafted. The design requirement for these islands is simple, apply a Semi Mountable kerb template and drape it on the existing surface (NS). Process for each island is: Step 45: Click on the Design Panel Create String/Profile Command and select the Island alignment. In the Add Road form set the following: Set the Template to Local Metric Island-L Arc Segment Spacing = 0.1m Spiral and Tangent/Straight Segment Spacing = 1m Left & Right Section width = 1m button in the VGE. This will open the Vertical Curve Initial Design form.

Step 46: Click on the

Step 47: Click on the Match to Surface button. Step 48: Set the following: Start Chainage = 0 End Chainage = 10000 Surface = NS

Click OK, then Apply (&) Exit. The island lip will be attached to the existing surface.

Step 49: Create the Island surface by clicking on

(Create Road Contours button).

Final Surface Model

Now that we have the individual surface models for all the components of our intersection model, use Civil 3D to merge them all together into a final merged surface. The process is to create a new surface and to paste the existing surface and then all the designed surfaces in. The Final surface will look like: You can also plot cross sections though this surface model.

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Visualisation
In this Module we will explore the tools in the software to convert your surface design into layer discriminated 3D faces, ready for 3D visualisation and material rendering.

Project Data Introduction

Before you Start Please start AutoCAD Civil 3D 20XX and open the 8-Visualisation.dwg file. This project data includes a number of alignments and two surfaces - an existing surface and your design surface. Supporting this project data is the Advanced Road Design data - the design has been completed inclusive of all roads, kerb returns, cul-de-sac and knuckle. A surface model already exists in the drawing.

Surface Modelling with Advanced Road Design

A surface has already been created for Civil 3D, however we want more - we want the layer discriminated 3D faces. In order to get this information out, you need to understand how the system operates. There are two things to consider: ARD creates a secondary surface model for the purposes of creating layer controllable 3D faces you need to tell it to do this ARD reads information from a file to determine what layers to put the 3D faces on - you need to understand how it works

Active Drawing Settings - Enabling an alternate model

Advanced Road Design allows the user to specify whether or not to build an alternate surface model for rendering. To ensure that the alternate model is built, you need to set it in the Active Drawing Settings. Step 1: Click on the Settings Panel Active Settings command. Select the Modelling tab and ensure that the option to Create Mesh for Imported Faces is ticked ON. Step 2: Save and exit the form to store these changes for the 3D Faces creation. When you next build the surface model, ARD will concurrently build another alternate surface model that you can import into the drawing as layer discriminated 3D faces.

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Creating the Alternate Surface Model

Step 3: Click on the Modelling Panel Surface Model Dropdown Auto Model Command.

The software will immediately create the surface TotalModel as well as another model in ARD for the 3D faces. Step 4: Click on the Modelling Panel Surface Model Dropdown Display Surface Model as 3D Faces Command. Step 5: Select the Surface TotalModel from the list of surfaces and click OK. Step 6: Select the file MSHStandard-ARD2011.txt to establish the layer assignments, tick ON to Isolate mesh layers and then click OK. The surface is now expressed as a collection of 3D Faces in the drawing, all on different layers and with different colours representing the different features. 2D and 3D views of the outputs are shown, below:

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Appendix
Software Data Files
The software uses alignments and surfaces from the drawing but stores all other data outside of the drawing file. The default location that ARD stores its data in is a folder with the same name as the drawing file with a suffix of -Data in the same location as the drawing file. For example:

In the above example, the 1-Simple_Road_Design-Data folder contains all the ARD data for the drawing 1-Simple_Road_Design.dwg. Note: The data folder is used by all modules of the Advanced Road Design software. When data is located in the default location users need to carefully manage the data folder name and location when they change the drawing name or location, to keep the data synchronised with the drawing. If the software cannot find a matching folder it will create a new folder and populate it with new data.

Alignments Design Considerations

Types

Advanced Road Design reads alignments to create Roads and Kerb Returns. The software works by using alignment geometry for 'Road objects' (alignments intended to represent Road, Kerb Returns, Culde-sacs or Knuckles). By definition, the software uses the Description of the alignment to determine what 'type' of feature the Designer wants to make from the alignment (capitalisation is not important):

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Alignment Description r- (prefix)

Object Type Road

Use The software will automatically interpret alignments with the prefix r- in the Description as alignments intended to be used as Roads. If the description r- does not exist then the software will NOT allow it to be used as a Road. Roads in Advanced Road Design automatically match levels at intersections and can also be used to connect to Kerb Returns, Cul-de-sacs and Knuckles (elbows). The profile can be reviewed and designed using the Vertical Grading Editor, and can be automatically saved back to Civil 3D profiles in the drawing.

k- (prefix)

Kerb Return

The software will only use alignments with the prefix k- in the Description as Kerb Returns. Note: the software can automate the kerb return creation process INCLUDING creation and editing of the alignment, using one of the following commands:

Automatic Kerb Returns: This command generates kerb return alignments at all Road intersections, using a single radius, and also creates an existing surface and DESIGN profile for each kerb Create/Edit Kerb Return: This command creates or edits a single kerb return at an intersection when the user selects the location. The kerb return is defined with a single radius. As well as creating the alignment the existing surface profile and a DESIGN profile are also generated for the kerb return

For most cases, using the automated processes will be far easier and more efficient than creating and/or editing the alignment manually. An alignment intended for a Kerb Return must have alignment description prefix k- in order to be created or designed using the cds- (prefix) Cul-De-Sac Vertical Grading Editor.

The software will only use alignments with the prefix cds- in the Description as Cul-de-sacs. Note: the software can automate the cul-de-sac creation process INCLUDING creation and editing of the alignment

Create/Edit Cul-de-sac: This command generates or edits cul-de-sac alignments with various cul-de-sac configurations, as well as setting the cross section for the culde-sac and the parameters for the vertical design

For most cases, using the automated processes will be far easier and more efficient than creating and/or editing the alignment manually. An alignment intended for a Cul-de-sac must have alignment description prefix cds- in order to be created or designed using the n- (prefix) Knuckle/Elbow Vertical Grading Editor.

The software will only use alignments with the prefix n- in the Description as knuckles. Note: the software can automate the knuckle creation process INCLUDING creation and editing of the alignment

Create/Edit Knuckles: This command generates or edits cul-de-sac alignments with various cul-de-sac configurations, as well as setting the cross section for the culde-sac and the parameters for the vertical design

For most cases, using the automated processes will be far easier and more efficient than creating and/or editing the alignment manually. An alignment intended for a knuckle must have alignment description prefix n- in order to be created or designed using the L- (prefix) Off Ramp (Link Road) Vertical Grading Editor.

The software will one use alignments with the prefix L- in the Description as Off Ramps. This affects the following command:

Create/Edit Off Ramp: This command allows the designer to 'connect' an off ramp to two other Road surfaces, which is critical to designing off ramps.

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