CHAPTER 13 MATRICES

13.1 Identity Matrix

a) If AI = IA = A, where A is any square matrix, then I is an identity or unit matrix. I = 0

b)

1 0 is a 2 x 2 identity matrix. 1

Exercise 13.1

1.

3 4 3 4 ( A ) = 5 1 5 1 , A = 2 4 1 0 6 5 0 1 = Inverse Matrix a) b) c)
If A =

2.

13.2

a b 1 , then inverse of A , A 1 = ad bc c d

d b c a

When ad bc 0, the expression ad bc is the determinant of matrix A. A 1 does not exist if the determinant is zero.

Example : 1)

2 4 1 3 1 = 2(3) 4(1)
=

3 4 1 2

1 3 4 6 4 1 2 1 3 4 = 2 1 2

Matrices

2)

5 6 5 1 p Given that matrix F= 3 , find p and q. 3 2 and F = 1 q

Solution:

5 1 p 3= 12 15 1 q 2 so p = - , q = -2 3
3)

2 5 3 6 . By comparing,

2 4 1 3 1 = 2(3) 4(1)
=

3 4 1 2

1 3 4 6 + 4 1 2 3 4 1 = 10 1 2
1

4)

2 4 1 3 1 = 2(3) 4(1)
=

3 4 1 2

1 3 4 6 4 1 2 1 3 4 = 10 1 2

Matrices

Exercise 13.2 : Find the inverse matrix :

2 1 1) 3 6

5 3 2) 2 6

2 3 3) 4 7

3 4 4) 2 8

2 5 5) 3 4

3 2 6) 4 6

2 5 7) 6 3

2 5 8) 4 3

6 4 9) 5 2

2 3 10) 1 4

Matrices

13.3

Matrix Equations

Important concept. the two linear simultaneous ax + by = p cx + dy = q can be changed into matrix form:

a b x p c d y = q 13.3.1 Write the simultaneous Linear Equations as a Matrix Equations

Example 1 : 2x + y = 2 7x + 3y = 6 Example 2 : 2x y = 2 7x + 3y = 6

2 1 x 2 7 3 y = 6
Example 3 : 2x + y = 2 -7x + 3y = 6

2 1 x 2 7 3 y = 6
Example 4 : 2x + y = 2 7x 3y = 6

2 1 x 2 = 7 3 y 6

2 1 x 2 = 7 3 y 6

Exercise 13.3.1 : Write the simultaneous Linear Equations as a Matrix Equations 1) 5x + 2y = 7 2x + 4y = 3 2) 2x y = 4 6x + 2y = 5

3)

4x + 3y = -5 -3x + 5y = 6

4)

x + 5y = 4 3x 6y = 3

5)

-5x + y = 4 2x + 4y = 6

6)

-3x 2y = 4 4x + y = 3

Matrices

7)

x + 2y = 5 -4x 2y = 7

8)

-2x + 4y = 8 3x 4y = 4

9)

5x 2y = 3 -2x + y = 5

10)

-x 5y = 3 4x + y = -8

13.3.2 Solve the matrix equations Example :

4 1 x 3 6 2 y = 2
1 x 4 1 3 = y 6 2 2

1 x = y 4(2) 1(6) x 1 = y 8 6 x 1 = y 2

2 1 3 6 4 2

2(3) + ( 1)(2) ( 6)(3) + 4(2)

62 18 + 8

4 x 2 = y 10 2 x 2 = y 5
, hence x = 2 and y = -5

Matrices

Exercise : 13.3.2 :Solve the matrix equations 1)

1 2 x 5 3 4 y = 5

2)

3 1 x 13 2 3 y = 4

3)

4 3 x 11 1 5 y = 3

4)

1 3 x 2 1 2 y = 3

5)

5 1 x 10 3 1 y = 22

Matrices

Questions based on Examination Format

Example : i) ii) Find the inverse matrix of

Using matrices, calculate the value of k dan m which satisfy the following matrix equation :

1 2 5 8

Solution : i)

1 2 k 1 5 8 m = 11 1 2 5 8
1

1 1(8) ( 2)(5) 1 8 + 10

8 2 5 1

8 2 5 1

ii)

1 2 5 8

1 8 2 2 5 1 k 1 = m 11
=
1 k 1 2 1 = m 5 8 11

k 1 = m 2 k 1 = m 2 k 1 = m 2

8 2 1 5 1 11 ( 8)(1) + 2(11) (5)(1) + 1(11) 8 + 22 5 + 11

,

1 = 2

14 6

14 = 2 6 2

k 7 = m 3

hence k = 7 and m = 3

Matrices

1) a) Given that E is the matrix

b) Using matrices, calculate the values of m and n which satisfy the following matrix equation.

5 4 , find the matrix F such that EF = 4 3

1 0 0 1

5 4 m 6 4 3 n = 2
2) When solving the matrix equation

3 0 x 12 = , it is found that 2 3 y 11

a) Find the values of k, p, q, r and s. b) Hence, find the values of x and y

x 1 = y k

p q 12 r s 11

3) a) b)

Find the inverse matrix of G =

Using matrices, calculate the values of x and y which satisfy both of the following equations. 3x 4y = 7 x + 2y = 4

3 4 1 2

4)

4 5 h a) Given that the inverse matrix of 3 2 is k

b)

5 7 , state the value of h and k. 4 7

Using matrices, calculate the values of x and y which satisfy both of the following equations. 4x + 5y = -1 3x + 2y = 8

Matrices

5)

a) Given that F is the matrix

find the value of m and n. b) Hence, calculate the values of x and y which satisfy the following matrix equation. F = y 6 6) a) b) Find the inverse matrix of

1 m 1 1 n and the inverse matrix of F is 10 5 , 10 10 n

x 4

Hence, calculate the values of h and k which satisfy the following matrix equation.

1 1 6 8

1 1 h 2 6 8 k = 15

7)

a) Given that M is the matrix b)

Find the values of k, m and n hence, calculate the values of x and y which satisfy the following matrix equation. M = y 5

1 1 1 1 m and the inverse matrix of M is , k n 1 3 1

x 3

8)

Given that E = a) b) c)

State the inverse matrix of E Hence, using matrices, find the value of x and y which satisfy the following matrix equations.

4 8 k 10 , 4 0 Find the value of k where EF = 0 4 5 4 and F = 3 2

5 4 x 6 3 2 y = 4

Matrices

9)

a) b)

The inverse matrix of

Using matrices, calculate the value of x and y which satisfy the following simultaneous linear equations. 2x + y = 4 3x 4y = 17

2 1 4 1 is m , find the value of m and p. p 2 3 4

10)

a) It is given that matrix M =

b) Using matrices, find the values of x and y which satisfy the following equations. 3x + 4y = -11 x + 2y = -7

3 4 , find the inverse matrix of M 1 2

Matrices

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Past Year SPM Questions

November 2003 1. M is a matrix where M 5 4 = 0 1 a) Find the matrix M b) Write the following simultaneous linear equations as a matrix equation. 3x 2y = 7 5x 4y = 9 Hence, calculate the values of x and y using matrices. ( 6 marks ) July 2004 2. a) Find the inverse matrix of

3 2

1 0

b) Using matrices, calculate the value of x and of y thay satisfy the following simultaneous linear equations:

2 3 . 5 6

2x + 3y = 1 5x + 6 y = 2

( 6 marks ) November 2004 3. a) b) The inverse matrix of

3 4 6 is m 5 5 6

p , find the value of m and of p. 3

Using matrices, calculate the value of x and of y that satisfy the following simultaneous linear equations. 3x 4y = -1 5x 6y = 2 ( 6 marks )

July 2005 4. P is a 2 x 2 matrix such that

a) Find the matrix P b) Write the following simultaneous linear equations as a matrix equation:

1 2 1 0 P = 0 1 3 4

x 2y = 8 3x + 4 y = 6

Hence, using matrices, calculate the value of x and of y. ( 6 marks )

Matrices

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November 2005 5. It is given that matrix P = PQ = a) b)

2 5 3 h and matrix Q = k 1 2 such that 1 3

Find the value of k and of h Using matrices, find the value of x and of y that satisfy the following simultaneous linear equations : 2x 5y = -17 x + 3y = 8 ( 6 marks )

1 0 0 1

July 2006 6. (a) It is given that matrix M =

(b)

Find the inverse matrix of M Write the following simultaneous linear equations as matrix equation:

3 4 . 1 2

3x 4 y = 13 x + 2y = 6
Hence, using matrices, calculate the value of x and of y. ( 6 marks ) November 2006 7. (a) (b)

1 It is given that 1 2

2 n is inverse matrix of

3 4 1 2 . Find the value of n.

Write the following simultaneous linear equations as matrix equation:

3u 4v = 5 u + 2v = 2
Hence, using matrices, calculate the value of u and of v ( 6 marks )

Matrices

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