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Waveguides are basically a device for transporting electromagnetic e nergy. They can handle large amounts of power and function as a high-pass filter. Waveguides can bend if the desired application requires it.

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Kahina Zitouni
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29 views

Untitled

Waveguides are basically a device for transporting electromagnetic e nergy. They can handle large amounts of power and function as a high-pass filter. Waveguides can bend if the desired application requires it.

Uploaded by

Kahina Zitouni
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DIELECTRIC WAVEGUIDES INTORDUCTION Dielectric waveguides are the key components of modern integrated optics.

A regi on of increased permittivity hinders light from spreading in space. Waveguides Waveguides are basically a device ("a guide") for transporting electromagnetic e nergy from one region to another. Typically, waveguides are hollow metal tubes ( often rectangular or circular in cross section). They are capable of directing p ower precisely to where it is needed, can handle large amounts of power and func tion as a high-pass filter. The waveguide acts as a high pass filter in that most of the energy above a cert ain frequency (the cutoff frequency) will pass through the waveguide, whereas mo st of the energy that is below the cutoff frequency will be attenuated by the wa veguide. Waveguides are often used at microwave frequencies (greater than 300 MH z, with 8 GHz and above being more common). Waveguides are wideband devices, and can carry (or transmit) either power or com munication signals. Waveguides can bend if the desired application requires it.

The waveguide has a width a in the x-direction, and a height b in the y-directio n, with a>b. The z-axis is the direction in which the waveguide is to carry powe r.

SLAB WAVEGUIDE

DIELECTRIC RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDE A waveguide has a cutoff frequency, fc. The cutoff frequency is the frequency at which all lower frequencies are attenuated by the waveguide, and above the cuto ff frequency all higher frequencies propagate within the waveguide. The cutoff f requency defines the high-pass filter characteristic of the waveguide: above thi s frequency, the waveguide passes power, below this frequency the waveguide atte nuates or blocks power. The cutoff frequency depends on the shape and size of the cross section of the w aveguide. The larger the waveguide is, the lower the cutoff frequency for that w aveguide is. The formula for the cutoff frequency of a rectangular cross section ed waveguide is given by:

Maxwell equations The propagation of electromagnetic waves in dielectric media is governed by Maxw ells equations which are: Theory and Fundamental Equations A simpli cation to analyze waveguide structures is to consider waveguide structure s thatare not only invariant in the propagation direction but also in the direct ion perpendicular to thepropagation direction. These slab waveguides are in prac tice hardly usedbut their analysis is the starting point of many approximated th eories and so called slab solversare the basis of many simulation tools for opti cal waveguides. A slab waveguide is made up of a substrate carrying one or more homogeneousfilms of enhanced permittivity. Field Equations: The field equations can be obtained by solving Maxwells equation s with the appropriate boundary conditions.

Where:

Ey11 mode field distribution in rectangular dielectric guide

Transverse distribution of Ex component for TE modes and Hx component for TM mod es in a slab dielectric guide.

POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS: Most widely used guide structures in component development are image guides. Best potential at frequency above 60GHz Use of dielectric H-guide and groove-guide structures at for freq. beyond 100GHz . Realizing high-performance antennas. Feed structures for array antennas. Incorporation of active devices in dielectric guides is more difficult than in s uspended striplines or fin lines Realizing dynamically controlled devices such as switches, phase shifters and at tenuators.

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