PHYSICS II JULY 2008 SEMESTER

REVISION
LECTURE NOTES 1
Concepts

Structure of atom
Conductors, insulators & semiconductors
Electric charge
Charging by contact & by induction
Electric force due to point charges
Electric field due to point charges

LECTURE NOTES 1
Important Formulae
Coulombs law for Electric force between point charges
2
2 1
0
2
2 1
4
1
r
q q
r
q q
k F
tc
= =
,... 3 , 2 , 1 , = = n ne q
2
0
2
0
2
0
0
4
1
r
q
r
q
k
q
r
q q
k
q
F
E
tc
= =
|
|
.
|

\
|
= =
(Quantization of charge)
(Electric field equation)
LECTURE NOTES 2
Concepts

Electric potential energy and potential
Electric potential of a point charge
Equipotential
Capacitance and dielectric
Electric energy & energy density

LECTURE NOTES 2
Formulae
U W
AB
A =
V q U
0
=

y
V
E =
V q U A = A
K U A = A
Ed V =
r
kq
V = r
kqq
V q U
0
0
= =
CV Q=
d
A
C c =
2
2
1
CV U =
2
0 2
1
2
2
1
E E u kc c = =
Work, Potential
Energy & Potential
in General
Electric Potential
Energy & Potential
for Point Charges
Capacitance &
Energy
Energy Density &
Electric Field
LECTURE NOTES 3
Concepts

Operating principle of a simple cell
Electric current
Resistance
Ohms law
Resitivity
Temperature effect on resistance
Superconductivity
Electric energy and power
LECTURE NOTES 3
Formulae
It Q =
IR V =
A
L
R =
) 1 ( T
o T
A + = o
R V R I IV P
2 2
= = =
Charge and Current
Ohms Law
Resistance & Resistivity
Temperature Effect on Resistivity
Power
LECTURE NOTES 4
Important Concepts

Resistors in series and in parallel
EMF and terminal voltages
Kirchhoffs rules
RC circuits in DC
Capacitors in series and in parallel
LECTURE NOTES 4
Important Formulae
3 2 1
R R R R
eq
+ + =
3 2 1
1 1 1 1
R R R R
eq
+ + =
Ir V + =
( )
( )
| |
RC t t
e e q t q

= = 1 C 1 ) (
0

t
( ) ( )
( ) RC t t
e R e I t I

= =
t
0
( )
( )
RC t RC t t
e V t V e q e q t q

= = =
0 0
/
0
, ) (
t
3 2 1
C C C C
eq
+ + =
3 2 1
1 1 1 1
C C C C
eq
+ + =
Resistors in Series & Parallel.
emf & terminal voltage
Capacitor transient response
Capacitors in series and in parallel
LECTURE NOTES 5
Important Formulae

Magnetic fields
Magnetic force
Field due to straight wire
Force on two parallel wires
Torque on current loops

LECTURE NOTES 5
Important Formulae


u sin vB q F =
B q
mv
r =
u sin ILB F =
r
I
B
t

2
0
=
L
d
I I
d
I
L I LB I F
t

2 2
2 1 0 1 0
2 2
=
|
.
|

\
|
= =
u t sin NIAB =
nI I
L
N
B
0 0
=
|
.
|

\
|
=
Force on charges &
on current wires,
Circular motion and
B due to st wire
Force on two current
carrying wires
B due to solenoid
and torque on current
loop
LECTURE NOTES 6
Important Concepts

Magnetic flux and induced emf
Faradays law of EM induction
Lenzs law
Self-inductance and Back EMF
Inductance and RL circuit
LECTURE NOTES 6
Important Formulae
u cos BA = u
t
N
A
Au
= Bvl =
vB
q
qvB
q
F
E = = =
I

N L
A
A
=
Al n L
2
0
=
2
2
1
LI U =
2
0
2
1
B u
B

=
R
L
= t
( ) ( ) ( )
L tR t
e
R
e I t I

= = 1 1
0

t
Magnetic flux and induced emf
Electric & Magnetic fields,
Inductance of solenoid
Magnetic Energy & Energy Density
Inductance Transients
LECTURE NOTES 7
Important Concepts

Mutual inductance and Transformers
Alternating current
RMS Values
Phasors
RC, RL and RLC circuits and Impedance
Resonance
Rectification
LECTURE NOTES 7
Important Formulae
S
P
S
P
N
N
V
V
=
S
P
P
S
N
N
I
I
=
e
e
NAB
t
=
=
0
0
sin
max
2
1
I I
rms
=
max
2
1
V V
rms
=
C rms rms
X I V = Z I V
rms rms
=
Z
R
= | cos
| cos
rms rms av
V I P =
R
X X
C L

= | tan
LC
f
LC
1
2
1
or
1
t
e = =
Transformers & Alternating
currents
rms currents,
voltages,
average power
and power
factor
Resonance
LECTURE NOTES 8
Important Concepts

Production of EM waves
The Electromagnetic spectrum
Speed & Energy in EM waves
Doppler effect
Polarization
LECTURE NOTES 8
Important Formulae
f c =
c
B
E
B E = = =
0 0
2
0
2
0
1
or
2
1
2
1
c

c
( ) ctA u U = cu
tA
uctA
tA
U
A
P
S = = = =
2
0 rms
E c S c =
A E c A S P
rms
2
0
c = =
1
0
|
.
|

\
|
=
c
v
f f
rel
s
u u c
2
0
2 2
0
cos cos S E c S
rms
= =
The Doppler Effect
Energy, Power and
Intensity
Relation between
electric and
magnetic fields and
speed of light
LECTURE NOTES 9
Important Concepts

Reflection
Refraction
Index of refraction
Snells law
Total internal reflection
Thin lenses
LECTURE NOTES 9
Important Formulae
R f
2
1
=
f d d
i o
1 1 1
= +
o
i
o
i
d
d
h
h
m = =
v
c
n =
2 2 1 1
sin sin u u n n =
2 1
1
2
1
C
1
2
sin or sin n n
n
n
n
n
C
>
|
|
.
|

\
|
= =

u u
Curved mirror and thin lens
equations
Snells law and
total internal
reflection
R f
2
1
=
LECTURE NOTES 10
Important Concepts

Interference
Diffraction
Resolution
Diffraction grating
LECTURE NOTES 10
Important Formulae
,... 2 , 1 , 0 sin = = m m d u
( ) ... , 2 , 1 , 0 sin
2
1
= + = m m d u
u tan L y =
,... 3 , 2 , 1 sin = = m m D u
N
d
1
=
( ) ,... 2 , 1 , 0 sin = = m m d u
Youngs double
interference
Diffraction
Diffraction grating
LECTURE NOTES 11
Important Concepts

Quantization of physical quantities
The Photoelectric Effect
Mass & momentum of a photon
The Compton Effect
De Broglies matter waves
LECTURE NOTES 11
Important Formulae
,... 3 , 2 , 1 , 0 = = n nhf E
n
hf E =
max
K hf E
o
+ = = |
o o o o
hf hf E = = =
o
, | |
0 max
eV K =
2
mc E =

h
c
hf
c
E
mc p = = = =
( ) u A cos 1 =
'
=
c m
h
e
mv
h
p
h
= =
u m d = sin 2
Planks hypothesis and the
photoelectric Effect
The Compton Effect.
De Broglies
hypothesis
LECTURE NOTES 12
Important Concepts

The nuclear atom
Line spectra
Bohrs atom model
De Broglies hypothesis
Atomic radiation
LECTURE NOTES 12
Important Formulae
... , 5 , 4 , 3
1
2
1 1
series Balmer
2 2
=
|
.
|

\
|
= n
n
R

hf E E E
f i
= = A
( ) m 10 5.29
4
2
11
2
2 2
2
Z
n
Z
n
mke
h
r
n

=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
t
( )
Z
eV 6 . 13
2
2
2
2
2
2
4 2 2
n n
Z
h
e mk
E
n
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
t
( )
f i f i
i f
n n n n
n n
Z
c h
e mk
> =
|
|
.
|

\
|
= ... , 3 , 2 , 1 ,
1 1 2 1
2 2
2
3
4 2 2
t

LECTURE NOTES 13
Important Concepts

The nuclear structure
Radioactivity and half-life
Nuclear binding energy
Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion
Elementary particles.
LECTURE NOTES 13
Important Formulae
2
/ MeV 931.5 1 c u =
( )
t
e N t N

=
0

2 ln
2 / 1
= T
t t
e R e N
dt
dN
R

= = =
0 0
R
R
R
R
t
0
0
ln
1
ln
1

= =
( ) ( )
2 2
c m c m m E
i f
A = =