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Formation of Ionic Bond

The document discusses ionic bonds, which are formed when a metal atom donates one or more valence electrons to a non-metal atom, forming cations and anions. Sodium and chlorine are used as an example, where sodium loses an electron to form Na+ and chlorine gains an electron to form Cl-. The formula of an ionic compound can be determined by balancing the charges of the cations and anions.

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Zaza Mawar
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400 views14 pages

Formation of Ionic Bond

The document discusses ionic bonds, which are formed when a metal atom donates one or more valence electrons to a non-metal atom, forming cations and anions. Sodium and chlorine are used as an example, where sodium loses an electron to form Na+ and chlorine gains an electron to form Cl-. The formula of an ionic compound can be determined by balancing the charges of the cations and anions.

Uploaded by

Zaza Mawar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 5

Types of Chemical Bond

IONIC BOND

COVALENT BOND

Chapter 5

Ionic Bonds

Metal

Non-Metal

donate electron

accept electron

Chapter 5

Chapter 5

electrons are transferred from metal atoms to non-metal atoms.

metal atoms release valence electrons to form positive ions (cations). In the formation of ionic bonds : Positive ions and negative ions are attracted to each other by strong electrostatic forces of attraction.

non-metal atoms receive electrons to form negative ions (anions).

Chapter 5

Sodium Chloride

A sodium atom with an electronic configuration 2.8.1 achieves stability when it releases one valence electron to form a sodium ion, Na+ an octet of electrons.

Na
2.8.1 2.8

Na+ + e-

A chlorine atom with an electronic configuration 2.8.7 achieves stability when it accepts one electron from a sodium atom to form a chlorine ion, Clwith an octet in its electronic configuration.

Cl + e2.8.7

Cl2.8.8

Chapter 5

Chapter 5

Metal atoms will release their valence electrons to achieve the stable electron arrangement as in the inert gas. Non-metal atoms will accept electrons in order to achieve the stable electron arrangement of the inert gas.

Ma Xb
Number of electrons that will be received by X (or charge of X ion) Number of electrons that will be released by M (or charge of M ion)

Chapter 5

The total positive charge of the cation must be equal to the total negative charge of the anion in an ionic compound. The formula of an ionic compound formed between them can also be derived as follows :

aMb+ + bXaNa+ + Cl-

MaXb NaCl

Example 1

Chapter 5

Element M is an element from Group 13 and element X from Group 16 in the Periodic table. What is the formula of the compound formed between element M and element X ?

Chapter 5

Solution 1

M from Group 13 has three valence electrons and will form M3+ ion. X from Group 16 will receive two electrons to form X2- ion. The formula of the compound is

M2X3

Charge of X ion

Charge of M ion

Chapter 5

Cation
Group 1 ion, M+ Group 2 ion, N2+ Group ion, M Group 113 ion, + Q3+ Group 2 ion, N2+ Group ion, M Group 113 ion, + Q3+ Group 2 ion, N2+ Group 13 ion, Q3+

Anion
Group 17 XGroup 17 XGroup 16 Group 17 Y2XGroup 16 Y2Group 15 Group 16 Z3Y2Group 15 Z3Group 15 Z3ion, ion, ion, ion, ion, ion, ion, ion, ion,

Formula of compound

Chapter 5

Cation
Group 1 ion, M+ Group 2 ion, N2+ Group ion, M Group 113 ion, + Q3+ Group 2 ion, N2+ Group ion, M Group 113 ion, + Q3+ Group 2 ion, N2+ Group 13 ion, Q3+

Anion
Group 17 XGroup 17 XGroup 16 Group 17 Y2XGroup 16 Y2Group 15 Group 16 Z3Y2Group 15 Z3Group 15 Z3ion, ion, ion, ion, ion, ion, ion, ion, ion,

Formula of compound
MX NX2 QX3 M2Y NY Q2Y3 M3Z N3Z2 QZ

Chapter 5

Chapter 5

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