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Lung Volumes and Capacities

1. The document discusses the key lung volumes and capacities including tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, residual volume, inspiratory capacity, functional residual capacity, vital capacity, and total lung capacity. 2. It provides the average values for each in milliliters and explains what they represent, such as tidal volume being the volume of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing. 3. Diagrams are included labeling the volumes and showing which muscle groups are active or relaxed during inhalation and exhalation.

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Ann Michelle Tarrobago
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1K views

Lung Volumes and Capacities

1. The document discusses the key lung volumes and capacities including tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, residual volume, inspiratory capacity, functional residual capacity, vital capacity, and total lung capacity. 2. It provides the average values for each in milliliters and explains what they represent, such as tidal volume being the volume of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing. 3. Diagrams are included labeling the volumes and showing which muscle groups are active or relaxed during inhalation and exhalation.

Uploaded by

Ann Michelle Tarrobago
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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6000 ml

Maximum inspiration

Inspiratory reserve volume 3200 ml


2800 ml 2300 ml Tidal volume 500 ml

Inspiratory Total lung Vital capacity capacity capacity 4800 ml 3700 ml 6000 ml

All muscles relaxed

Expiratory reserve volume 1100 ml


1200 ml
Maximum Expiration

Residual volume 1200 ml


0 ml

Functional residual capacity 2300 ml

*The Four Main Volumes*

6000 ml

Maximum inspiration

*Inspiratory reserve volume 3200 ml*


2800 ml

Alveolar volume = up to 3550 ml for a deep breath

*Tidal volume = 500 ml* 2300 ml

Alveolar volume = 350 ml


Dead space volume = 150 ml

All muscles relaxed

*Expiratory reserve volume 1100 ml*


1200 ml
Maximum Expiration

*Residual volume 1200 ml*


0 ml

1. Tidal volume The volume of air moved in and out of the respiratory tract during quiet breathing. The average volume is 500 ml per breath and it is sometimes called a resting breath. Each breath is divided into two separate volumes:
A. Alveolar volume The volume of air that actually makes it into the alveoli. For a resting breath this is about 350 ml. Remember this is simply an additional 350 ml to what is already in the alveoli and this amount will continue to increase as the volume of inspiration increases up to 3550 ml for a deep breath. B. Dead space volume The volume of air that does not make it to the alveoli with each breath, but is instead caught in the remainder of the respiratory tract from the nostrils to the bronchioles. The volume is about 150 ml and is a constant amount of air, regardless of the volume of inspiration or expiration.

2. Inspiratory reserve volume The volume of air that can be inspired beyond the tidal volume. The average volume is 3200 ml and represents the additional amount of air, beyond a resting breath, a person can take in if they want to take a deep breath. 3. Expiratory Reserve Volume The volume of air that can be expired beyond normal or passive expiration. The maximum average volume that can be expired is 1100 ml and the movement of this air out of the lungs is controlled by the contraction of the internal intercostal & abdominal muscles. 4. Residual Volume The volume of air that cannot be expired from the lungs without collapsing them. Therefore, this volume is held in the lungs at all times and could be considered the minimum inflation level of the lungs. The residual volume has an average of 1200 ml.

The Four Main Capacities

6000 ml

Maximum inspiration

Inspiratory capacity 3700 ml


2800 ml 2300 ml

Vital capacity 4800 ml

Total lung capacity 6000 ml

All muscles relaxed

1200 ml

Maximum Expiration

Functional residual capacity 2300 ml


0 ml

Inspiratory capacity The total volume of air that can be inspired by contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles. It is the tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume. The average volume is 3700 ml and represents the amount of air a person can take in by active inspiration. Functional Residual Capacity The amount of air that is usually retained in the lungs while at rest. It is the residual volume plus the expiratory reserve volume and averages about 2300 ml.

Vital Capacity The maximum amount of air that can be expired after maximum inspiration. It is the expiratory reserve volume plus the tidal volume plus the inspiratory reserve volume (or expiratory reserve volume plus the inspiratory capacity). The average total is 4800 ml. Total Lung Capacity The total amount of air that can be held in the lungs. It is the four main volumes added together or the functional residual capacity plus the inspiratory capacity. The average total is 6000 ml.

6000 ml

Maximum inspiration

Inspiratory reserve volume 3200 ml


2800 ml 2300 ml Tidal volume 500 ml

Inspiratory Total lung Vital capacity capacity capacity 4800 ml 3700 ml 6000 ml

All muscles relaxed

Expiratory reserve volume 1100 ml


1200 ml
Maximum Expiration

Residual volume 1200 ml


0 ml

Functional residual capacity 2300 ml

A reminder of the muscle groups involved in breathing, but on the volumes & capacities chart.

6000 ml

Maximum inspiration

Contraction of: Diaphragm & External Intercostal


Active muscle Passive air
Relaxation of: Internal Intercostal & Abdominals Passive muscle Passive air

Relaxation of: Diaphragm & External Intercostal


Passive muscle Active air
All muscles relaxed

2800 ml 2300 ml

1200 ml

Contraction of: Internal Intercostal & Abdominals Active muscle Active air

Maximum Expiration

0 ml

Quiz Yourself!!

6000 ml

Maximum inspiration

Inspiratory Reserve Volume 3200 ml

Inspiratory Capacity 3700 ml

Vital Capacity 4800 ml

Total Lung Capacity 6000 ml

2800 ml

2300 ml

Tidal Volume 500 ml

Alveolar Volume = 350 to 3550ml Dead Space Volume 150 ml

All muscles relaxed

1200 ml

Expiratory Reserve Volume 1100 ml Residual Volume 1200 ml

Functional Residual Capacity 2300 ml

Maximum Expiration

0 ml

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