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Global Positioning System (GPS) : Vipin Mishra Vikas Sharma Vinay Kumar Ece (Vi Sem)

Global Positioning System (GPS) uses 24 satellites and receivers to calculate positions on Earth. GPS satellites continuously transmit signals that allow receivers to triangulate their location by measuring distances to four or more satellites. The three segments are the space segment (satellites), control segment (monitoring stations), and user segment (receivers). GPS works by satellites transmitting codes that receivers use to calculate the time it takes signals to arrive and determine the receiver's location through trilateration.

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40 views

Global Positioning System (GPS) : Vipin Mishra Vikas Sharma Vinay Kumar Ece (Vi Sem)

Global Positioning System (GPS) uses 24 satellites and receivers to calculate positions on Earth. GPS satellites continuously transmit signals that allow receivers to triangulate their location by measuring distances to four or more satellites. The three segments are the space segment (satellites), control segment (monitoring stations), and user segment (receivers). GPS works by satellites transmitting codes that receivers use to calculate the time it takes signals to arrive and determine the receiver's location through trilateration.

Uploaded by

teenkunal2
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Global Positioning System [GPS]

By:VIPIN MISHRA VIKAS SHARMA VINAY KUMAR ECE(VI SEM)

What is GPS?
GPS, which stands for Global Positioning System, is the only system today able to show you your exact position on the Earth anytime, in any weather, anywhere. The three parts of GPS are: Satellites Receivers Software

The History of GPS


Feasibility studies begun in 1960s. The first operational GPS satellite was launched in 1978. The system reached full 24-satellite capability in 1993. System declared fully operational in April, 1995.

Basic concept of GPS

A GPS receiver calculates its position by precisely timing the signals sent by GPS satellites above the Earth.

A GPS receiver's job is to locate four or more of these satellites, figure out the distance to each, and use this information to deduce its own location. This operation is based on a simple mathematical principle called triangulation or trilateration.

Segments of the GPS

Three Segments of the GPS


Space Segment

User Segment Control Segment Ground Antennas

Master Station

Monitor Stations

Space Segment:
24 GPS space vehicles(SVs). Each satellite transmits on three frequencies. Satellites orbit the earth in 12 hrs. 6 orbital planes inclined at 55 degrees with the equator. The orbits are arranged so that at least six satellites are always within line of sight from almost everywhere on Earth's surface.

Control Segment
US Space Command

Cape Canaveral Hawaii Kwajalein Atoll Ascension Is. Diego Garcia

Master Control Station

Monitor Station

Ground Antenna

User Segment:
It consists of receivers that decode the signals from the satellites. The receiver performs following tasks:
Selecting one or more satellites Acquiring GPS signals Measuring and tracking Recovering navigation data
GPS receivers come in a variety of formats, from devices integrated into cars, phones, and watches, to dedicated devices

In a Nutshell

GPS Triangulation
If you know you are 10 miles from satellite A in the sky, you could be anywhere on the surface of a huge, imaginary sphere with a 10-mile radius.

10 miles

Earth

GPS Triangulation (Contd)


If you also know you are 15 miles from satellite B, you can overlap the first sphere with another, larger sphere. The spheres intersect in a perfect circle.

15 miles 10 miles

GPS Triangulation (Contd)


The circle intersection implies that the GPS receiver lies somewhere in a partial ring on the earth.

Perfect circle formed from locating two satellites

Possible Locations of GPS Receiver

Line of Sight Transmissions


Line of sight is the ability to draw a straight line between two objects without any other objects getting in the way. GPS transmission are line-of-sight transmissions.

Obstructions such as trees, buildings, or natural formations may prevent clear line of sight.

95% due to hardware ,environment and atmosphere Atmospheric effects --Atmospheric inconsistencies affect the speed of the GPS signals as they pass through the Earth's atmosphere, especially the ionosphere. o Multipath effects --GPS signals can be affected by multipath issues, where the radio signals reflect off surrounding terrain; buildings, canyon walls, hard ground, etc.

Error Sources

Applications of GPS
Surveying: Surveyors use absolute locations to make maps and determine property boundaries Map-making: Both civilian and military cartographers use GPS extensively. Navigation: Navigators value digitally precise velocity and orientation measurements. Missile and projectile guidance: GPS allows accurate targeting of various military weapons( including ICBMs& cruise missiles )

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