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Universal Gates

This document discusses how the NAND gate can be used as a universal gate to implement any digital logic circuit. It shows that a NAND gate can replace an AND, OR, or INVERTER gate, and that any logic circuit using AND-OR-INVERTER gates can be rewritten using only NAND gates. Implementing logic with a single gate type, such as NAND, reduces the number of integrated circuits needed compared to using multiple gate types.

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Girish Acharya
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867 views

Universal Gates

This document discusses how the NAND gate can be used as a universal gate to implement any digital logic circuit. It shows that a NAND gate can replace an AND, OR, or INVERTER gate, and that any logic circuit using AND-OR-INVERTER gates can be rewritten using only NAND gates. Implementing logic with a single gate type, such as NAND, reduces the number of integrated circuits needed compared to using multiple gate types.

Uploaded by

Girish Acharya
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Universal Gate NAND

Digital Electronics

Universal Gate NAND


This presentation will demonstrate
The basic function of the NAND gate.
How a NAND gate can be used to replace an AND gate, an OR gate, or an INVERTER gate. How a logic circuit implemented with AOI logic gates can be re-implemented using only NAND gates. That using a single gate type, in this case NAND, will reduce the number of integrated circuits (IC) required to implement a logic circuit.
AOI Logic NAND Logic

More ICs = More $$

Less ICs = Less $$

NAND Gate
X Y

Z XYXY

X 0 0

Y 0 1

Z 1 1

1
1

0
1

1
0

NAND Gate as an Inverter Gate


X X X
X
(Before Bubble)

ZX

X 0 1

Z 1 0
Equivalent to Inverter

NAND Gate as an AND Gate


XY
X Y
NAND Gate Inverter

ZXYXY

X Y 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1

Z 0 0 0 1
5 Equivalent to AND Gate

NAND Gate as an OR Gate


X
X Y
NAND Gate

Y
Z XY XY XY

Inverters

X Y 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1

Z 0 1 1 1
6 Equivalent to OR Gate

NAND Gate Equivalent to AOI Gates


AND OR INVERTER

Process for NAND Implementation


1. If starting from a logic expression, implement the design with AOI logic. 2. In the AOI implementation, identify and replace every AND,OR, and INVERTER gate with its NAND equivalent.

3. Redraw the circuit.


4. Identify and eliminate any double inversions (i.e., backto-back inverters).

5. Redraw the final circuit.

NAND Implementation
Example: Design a NAND Logic Circuit that is equivalent to the AOI circuit shown below.

BC A C

NAND Implementation
Solution Step 2

Identify and replace every AND,OR, and INVERTER gate with its NAND equivalent.

10

NAND Implementation
Solution Step 3

Redraw the circuit.

11

NAND Implementation
Solution Step 4

Identify and eliminate any double inversions.

12

NAND Implementation
Solution Step 5

Redraw the circuit.

13

Proof of Equivalence

BC

BCAC

AC

Z BCAC Z BC AC
14

AOI vs. NAND

IC Type 74LS04 74LS08 74LS32

Gates 1 2 1

Gate / IC 6 4 4

# ICs 1 1 1 3

IC Type 74LS00

Gates 4

Gate / IC 4

# ICs 1 1

Total Number of ICs

Total Number of ICs

15

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