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Multicasting and Multicast Routing Protocols: Mcgraw-Hill ©the Mcgraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

In multicast routing, the router may forward the received packet through several of its interfaces. In reverse path forwarding, the router forwards only the packets that have traveled the shortest path from the source to the router. Reverse path broadcasting is used to broadcast a message to multiple destinations.

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31 views

Multicasting and Multicast Routing Protocols: Mcgraw-Hill ©the Mcgraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

In multicast routing, the router may forward the received packet through several of its interfaces. In reverse path forwarding, the router forwards only the packets that have traveled the shortest path from the source to the router. Reverse path broadcasting is used to broadcast a message to multiple destinations.

Uploaded by

Rizqi Fajril
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 14

Multicasting And Multicast Routing Protocols


McGraw-Hill The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

CONTENTS

McGraw-Hill

INTRODUCTION MULTICAST ROUTING MULTICAST TREES MULTICAST ROUTING PROTOCOLS DVMRP MOSPF CBT PIM MBONE
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000

14.1 INTRODUCTION

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Figure 14-1

Unicasting

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In unicast routing, the router forwards


the received packet through

only one of its interfaces.

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Figure 14-2

Multicasting

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In multicast routing, the router may forward the received packet through several of its interfaces.

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Figure 14-3:a

Multicasting versus multiple unicasting

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Figure 14-3:b

Multicasting versus multiple unicasting

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Emulation of multicasting through multiple unicasting is not efficient and may create long delays, particularly with a large group.

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14.2
MULTICAST ROUTING

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14.3
MULTICAST TREES

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In a source-based tree approach, the combination of source and group determines the tree.

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In the group-shared tree approach, the group determines the tree.

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14.4
MULTICAST ROUTING PROTOCOLS

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Figure 14-4

Multicast routing protocols

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14.5 DVMRP

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Figure 14-5

Reverse path forwarding

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In reverse path forwarding (RPF), the router forwards only the packets that have traveled the shortest path from the source to the router; all other copies are discarded.

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RPF prevents the formation of loops.

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Figure 14-6

Reverse path broadcasting

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Figure 14-7

RPF versus RPB

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RPB creates a shortest path broadcast tree from the source to each destination. It guarantees that each destination receives one and only one copy of the packet.

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Figure 14-8

RPF, RPB, and RPM

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RPM adds pruning and grafting to RPB to create a multicast shortest path tree that supports dynamic membership changes.

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14.6 MOSPF

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Figure 14-9

Unicast tree and multicast tree

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14.7 CBT

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Figure 14-10

Shared-group tree with rendezvous router

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Figure 14-11

Sending a multicast packet to the rendezvous router

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In CBT, the source sends the multicast packet (encapsulated in a unicast packet) to the core router. The core router decapsulates the packet and forwards it to all interested hosts.

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14.8 PIM

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PIM-DM is used in a dense multicast environment, such as a LAN environment.

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PIM-DM uses RPF and pruning/grafting strategies to handle multicasting. However, it is independent from the underlying unicast protocol.

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PIM-SM is used in a sparse multicast environment such as a WAN.

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PIM-SM is similar to CBT but uses a simpler procedure.

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14.9 MBONE

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Figure 14-12

Logical tunneling

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Figure 14-13

MBONE

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DVMRP supports MBONE

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