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Ether, Amines

Ethers and amines are important classes of organic compounds. Ethers contain an oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups in a molecule. They are formed by a condensation reaction between two alcohols with the elimination of a water molecule. Amines contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons. They are derivatives of ammonia where one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a substituent. Both ethers and amines can be classified as primary, secondary or tertiary based on the carbons bonded to the functional group. Common examples and uses are also discussed.

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810 views

Ether, Amines

Ethers and amines are important classes of organic compounds. Ethers contain an oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups in a molecule. They are formed by a condensation reaction between two alcohols with the elimination of a water molecule. Amines contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons. They are derivatives of ammonia where one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a substituent. Both ethers and amines can be classified as primary, secondary or tertiary based on the carbons bonded to the functional group. Common examples and uses are also discussed.

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Rosmahiza
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Manufactured materials-,

Ether and Amines

Ether
Ether is a class of organic compounds which contain an ether group an oxygen atom connected to two (substituted) alkyl or aryl groups of general formula ROR'. A typical example is the solvent and anesthetic diethyl ether, commonly referred to simply as "ether" (ethoxyethane, CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH3).

General structure for an ether

Nomenclature
In the IUPAC nomenclature system, ethers are named using the general formula "alkoxyalkane", Eg : CH3-CH2-O-CH3 is methoxyethane If the ether is part of a more complex molecule, it is described as an alkoxy substituent, so -OCH3 would be considered a "methoxy -" group. The simpler alkyl radical is written in front, so CH3-O-CH2CH3 would be given as methoxy(CH3O)ethane(CH2CH3).

Primary, secondary, and tertiary ethers


refer to the carbon atom next to the ether oxygen. In a primary ether this carbon is connected to only one other carbon as in diethyl ether CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH3. An example of a secondary ether is diisopropyl ether (CH3)2CH-O-CH(CH3)2 and that of A tertiary ether is di-tert-butyl ether (CH3)3C-O-C(CH3)3.

Preparation of ethers
A condensation reaction the joining of two molecules and elimination of a small molecule, usually water. They are formed by the reaction between two alcohol (catalyst H2SO4) CH3OH + HOCH3 CH3OCH3 + H2O dimethyl eter

Like alcohols, ether are extremely flammable. When left standing in air, they have tendency to slowly form explosive peroxides CH3 CH3
1-ethyoxyethyl hydroperoxide

C2H5OC2H5 + O2 C2H5- C O -O- H


diethylether

Peroxides contain the O-O- linkage ; the simpl peroxide is hydrogen peroxide, H2O2

Diethyl ether, commonly known as ether was used as an anesthetic for many year. It produces unconsciousness by depressing the activity of central nervous system. The major disadvantages irritating effects on the respiratory system and occurrence of post anesthetic nausea and vomiting. Neothyl or methyl propyl eter is currently favored as an anesthetic because it is relatively free of side effects

Amines
Amines are organic compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair. Amines are derivatives of ammonia, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a substituent such as an alkyl or aryl group. Important amines include amino acids, biogenic amines, trimethylamine and aniline

The general structure of an amine

Primary, secondary, tertiary amine

Naming conventions

the prefix "N-" shows substitution on the nitrogen atom as prefix: "amino-" as suffix: "-amine" Systematic names for some common amines: Lower amines are named with the suffix -amine.

methylamine Higher amines have the prefix amino as a functional group. 2-aminopentane (or sometimes: pent-2-yl-amine or pentane-2amine)

methylamine

2-aminopentene

Primary amines:
methylamine Ethanolamine or 2-aminoethanol Trisamine (or more commonly tris . Its HCl salt is used as a pH buffering agent in biochemistry )

Secondary amines:
dimethylamine Methylethanolamine or 2-(methylamino)ethanol Cyclic amines:
Aziridine (3-member ring), Azetidine (4-member ring), Pyrrolidine (5-member ring) and Piperidine (6-member ring)

Tertiary amines:
Trimethylamine Dimethylethanolamine DMEA) or 2(dimethylamino)ethanol (It is used as a pH buffering agent in biochemistry)

Properties of amines
As with ammonia, the reaction of amines with water is RNH2 + H2O RNH3+ + OH Like all bases, the amines form salts when allowed to react with acids CH3CH2NH2 + HCl CH3CH2NH3+Clethylamine ethylammoniumchloride

These salts are colorless, odorless solids

Use of amines
Aromatic amines are used mainly in manufacture of dyes. Aniline a toxic compound 2-naphtylamine and benzidine are potent carcinogens

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