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Planning, Management

planning & management ppt

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agarwalmohitagarwal
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84 views

Planning, Management

planning & management ppt

Uploaded by

agarwalmohitagarwal
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Definition of planning

Planning is an intellectually demanding process, it requires the conscious determination of courses of action and the basing of decisions on purpose, knowledge and considered estimates By: Koontz,odonell and weihrich

Its elements are:

What will be done. What resources will be required. How it will be done. Who will do it. When it will be done.

Myths about planning


Planning does no attempt to make future decision Planning is not just forecasting or making projection Planning is not a static process

Nature and Scope of planning


Planning concerns all managers. Plans are arranged in a hierarchy. Planning commits an organization into the future. Planning is antithesis of states Quo. Planning is a continuous process.

Importance of planning
Planning is essential in modern business

Planning affects performance


Planning puts focus on objectives Planning anticipates problems and uncertainties

Planning is necessary to facilitate control


Planning helps in the process of decisionmaking

Advantages and limitation of plan


Advantage:
Focuses attention on objectives Ensures economical operation Reduces uncertainty Facilitates control Encourages innovation and creativity Improves motivation Improves competitive strength Achieves better co-ordination

Limitations
Lack of reliable data Lack of initiative Costly process Rigidity in organizational working Non-acceptability of change External limitations Psychological barriers

Measures to overcome limitations of

planning
Setting clear objectives Management information system Carefully premising Business forecasting Dynamics managers Flexibility Availability of resources Cost-benefit analysis

Basic principles of planning


Principle of contribution to objectives Principle of limiting factors Principle of pervasiveness of planning Principle of navigational change

Principle of flexibility

Categories and levels of planning


Strategic and functional planning

Long-range and short-range planning


Adhoc and standing planning Administrative and operational planning Physical planning Formal and informal planning

Levels of planning
Top levels planning Second level planning Third level planning

Essential steps in planning


Establishing verifiable goals Establishing planning premises

Deciding the planning period


Findings alternative courses of action Evaluating and selecting a course of action

Developing derivative plans


Measuring and controlling the progress

The End

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