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Indoor Positioning System

An indoor positioning system (IPS) uses devices like Wi-Fi access points and Bluetooth beacons to locate objects and people inside buildings, unlike GPS which relies on satellites. IPS works indoors where GPS signals are attenuated. Wi-Fi fingerprinting involves measuring Wi-Fi signal strengths to create a unique fingerprint for each location. Uses of IPS include indoor navigation, location-based services and offers, workforce management, security, and more. Accuracy of IPS using Wi-Fi is typically 1-5 meters.

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Pradeep Cheekatla
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174 views

Indoor Positioning System

An indoor positioning system (IPS) uses devices like Wi-Fi access points and Bluetooth beacons to locate objects and people inside buildings, unlike GPS which relies on satellites. IPS works indoors where GPS signals are attenuated. Wi-Fi fingerprinting involves measuring Wi-Fi signal strengths to create a unique fingerprint for each location. Uses of IPS include indoor navigation, location-based services and offers, workforce management, security, and more. Accuracy of IPS using Wi-Fi is typically 1-5 meters.

Uploaded by

Pradeep Cheekatla
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INDOOR POSITIONING SYSTEM

CONTENTS
What is IPS? Why not GPS? GPS vs IPS Choosing Wi-Fi over other sensor techniques Wi-Fi Fingerprinting Uses of IPS Conclusion

What is IPS?
An indoor positioning system (IPS) is a network of devices used to wirelessly locate objects or people inside a building. Instead of using satellites, an IPS relies on nearby anchors (nodes with a known position), which either actively locate tags or provide environmental context for devices to sense IPS can be entirely local to your Smartphone (or other portable navigation device). IPS, like GPS, can establish a location fix completely passively.

Why not GPS?


A satellite navigation is a system of satellites that provide autonomous geo-spatial positioning with global coverage may be termed a global navigation satellite system (GNSS or GPS). GPS has two fundamental laws : They dont work indoors They only really operate in two dimensions GPS are generally not suitable to establish indoor locations, since microwaves will be attenuated and scattered by roofs, walls and other objects.

GPS vs IPS
Outdoors, navigation relies for the most part on GPS, whose accuracy ranges from 1 to 10 meters. Indoors, because of attenuation and scattering, GPS falls apart. And even outdoors, GPS is vertically challenged; its about onethird as accurate at pinpointing your elevation as it is at telling where you are on the ground.

Choosing Wi-Fi over other sensor techniques


GPS is suitable for the outdoor navigation, as the navigable spaces are wide enough. The accuracy positioning of GPS is between 6 and 12 meters 95% of the time. The problem is that the reception of the GPS signals is bad in densely build areas, including the indoor environment. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) makes use of tags and readers, which allow fast read/write data communication, but there is no real localization and positioning involved

Ultra Wide Band (UWB) offers fast, low-power and large capacity data transfer. The advantage is that it is capable of very precise localization (near 15 cm) but it is rather expensive
Finally, The IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) technology of data exchange proves to be the most balanced, as the signal range of around 30-40 meter indoor is acceptable and its economic viability is stable.

Technique (A)GPS

Range / accuracy Accuracy: 6.0 m - 10.0 m

Remarks + Low barrier entry - Slow computation and processing time Very susceptible to reflectance and multi-paths + Globally available - Cell-based accuracy + High speed data transfer - Positioning via triangulation (no objects into account),Explicit links between devices required

GSM / UMTS Bluetooth

Range: 35.0 km Range: 100 m Accuracy:10 m 20 m Range: 0.7 m 2.5 m

IR

IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi)

- Short range of detection limits infrastructure, No penetration of materials / multipath, Line of sight, Signal can be disturbed easily Range: + Large scale available over the 32 m (indoor) world .Economical viable 95 m (outdoor) - High power consumption, Slightly Accuracy: 1 m 5 m multipath susceptible

Wi-Fi Fingerprinting
Fingerprinting is the process of position determination, using the received signal strength at one point.
This can be stored for each point, at given heights, although in this research only the height of about 1 metre above the floor is considered. Once collected in a database, the application can check at which position the receiver is, and thus position the user.

Uses of IPS
Navigation inside buildings, offices, industrial facilities
Location Based Services, such as sales, coupons, sweep stakes, time management Special offers alerts Coupons Sweep stakes Time management alert Find your buddy (friends, school classes etc.) Workforce solutions (personnel) Security (evacuation, calamities) Alarms and alerts (know where your colleagues are) Alarm applications in general Store usage analysis and store optimization Statistics, Tracking & Tracing Hotels Gaming Energy Management; climate control and lighting control system Audio visual info (museums)

Conclusion
To increase the accuracy of finding your location, mapping developers are considering methods of supplementing Wi-Fi signals. Using measured Wi-Fi signal strengths to develop Wi-Fi fingerprints is an area that has been receiving attention from researchers, and is certainly a valid approach for indoor environments. Not only will it reduce the stress of getting lost, but this technology can also inspire other services to improve your shopping experience. For instance, one of your favourite clothing stores at the mall can send a coupon to your phone when you pass by their doors. Already, indoor mapping is creating buzz as the hot technology of 2013.

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